JP6748802B2 - An engine system that continuously burns hydrogen and enriched oxygen air. - Google Patents

Description

This is the technical field of engines that continuously burn hydrogen and enriched oxygen.

Steam reforming technology for reforming greenhouse gas CO ₂ into fuel, dry reforming method, auto thermal reforming method, direct contact partial oxidation method, etc. are already in practical use.
Other techniques for reforming the greenhouse gas CO ₂ into a fuel include a group of Tohoku University Institute for Metal Research, which produces hydrogen by electrolysis of seawater, and hydrogen and carbon dioxide produced at atmospheric pressure. He has invented a technology that includes the production of methane at 300°C and the invention of the catalyst used for the production, but the electricity is generated by solar power generation in the desert such as the Middle East, and the carbon dioxide is It is procured by transportation from countries that emit carbon dioxide (global carbon dioxide recycling).
Membrane separation of gas (for example, polymer membrane separator, high temperature gas membrane separator, metal separation membrane, etc.) is a common technology in the current technology, along with cryogenic separation and adsorption separation. Yes, the separation membrane system is Monsanto, Dow, Separek, WR Grace, and in Japan, Ube Industries (each name is a company name) and others have commercialized their own separation membrane system. There is also one thing.

Patent 5967682 Engine that produces fuel by combustion of enriched oxygen air and fuel. Patent 4231735 Separation of hydrogen by proton conductive ceramics. Patent No. 5660428 Heat resistant coating material JP, 2011-140605, An oxygen permeation electrolyte, its manufacturing method, and a sulfonimide monomer. Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2011-26578

It is an engine that continuously burns enriched oxygen and hydrogen, which is obtained by separating enriched oxygen from air, and devises a combustion chamber part having a structure that can withstand the combustion temperature of continuously burning the enriched oxygen and hydrogen, and exhaust gas after burning There is a technique (for example, Patent Document 1) that produces hydrogen as a fuel by reforming including steam reforming.
* The present application is based on this technology as a basic technology, and makes the ambiguous description of the above-mentioned document as clear as possible, and further incorporates a known technology or a derived technology which is not described in the above-mentioned Patent Literature 1.

The mixed proton-electron conductive ceramics according to the present invention is a metal oxide having a perovskite structure, and chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), where the sum of the molar ratios of the metals forming the same is 2. , Iron (Fe), cobalt (CO), nickel (Ni), and ruthenium (Ru) in a molar ratio of 0.01 or more and 0.08 or less. It is characterized by having electronic conductivity.
According to the present invention, protons and electrons are combined as conductive species in the high temperature region, and proton conductivity and electron conductivity are exhibited. There is a technology (for example, Patent Document 2) related to this being confirmed by a test.
It is used as a technique for separating the synthesis gas of the present application into hydrogen and carbon dioxide.

In a Ni-base superalloy member obtained by coating a Ni-base superalloy base material with a coating material, the coating material is a coating material (called an EQ coating material) having a chemical composition that does not cause mutual diffusion at the base material interface, and the mass% is As Pt (platinum) or/and Ir (iridium) of 0.2% or more and 15% or less, Al of 2.9% or more and 16.0% or less, Cr of 19.6% or less, and Mo of 10.0%. In the following, W has a composition of 15.0% or less, Ta of 14.0% or less, Hf of 3.0% or less, Y of 0.1%, and the balance of Ni and inevitable impurities. There is a characteristic technique (for example, Patent Document 3).
*It is also possible to use coating technology as a heat-resistant material for the heat absorbing structure means SC of the present application, the inner wall of the combustion chamber, the rotational force extracting structure, and the like.

Provided are a high oxygen permeable electrolyte having a high softening temperature and excellent oxygen permeability and proton conductivity, a method for producing the same, and a sulfonimide monomer that can be used as a raw material for such a high oxygen permeable electrolyte. There is a technology (for example, Patent Document 4). This is a technology that can be applied to the present application.

There is a method for producing a mixed gas characterized by producing dimethyl ether, methanol or methane using the mixed gas obtained from a Fischer-Tropsch synthesizer (for example, Patent Document 5).
* For the synthesis gas synthesis of the present application, the reaction heat of the synthesis gas of carbon monoxide and hydrogen or the hydrocarbon compound (eg methane CH ₄ ) generator in the oxidation method of enriched oxygen and hydrocarbon compound (eg methane CH ₄ ) is used. This is a technology that can be incorporated into the present application as a technology capable of absorbing heat.

The biggest challenge is to reduce and suppress the emission of "CO ₂ "and "NO _X "to cope with global warming, and to invent an engine mechanism that constitutes one of the measures for that.
1. Since "NO _X "is not generated by removing nitrogen in the engine combustion process, nitrogen in the air is separated into enriched oxygen when the engine is configured to continuously burn hydrogen in the combustion process with enriched oxygen air. Since NOx is removed during the separation in step 1, NO _x is not emitted.
2. When the hydrogen is continuously burned with enriched oxygen air, the central temperature of the combustion flame is approximately 2800° C., and the combustion temperature is increased by approximately 47% from when burned with air (approximately 1900° C. when burned with air). When the inner wall of the combustion chamber is directly exposed to high temperature, the inner wall does not have the strength (exceeding the limit of strength). Therefore, a structure that can protect the inner wall of the combustion chamber even when hydrogen is continuously burned with enriched oxygen air is devised. The task is to do.
3. One or more of steam reforming using water vapor and heat of exhaust gas containing steam in a steam reformer provided in the fuel production process, water gas shift, or dry reforming. In addition to the mass channel, hydrogen is produced by using the reforming technology such as auto thermal reforming or direct contact partial oxidation method that utilizes the heat of the exothermic reaction of the enriched oxygen or separation means (including membrane permeation technology). It is reformed into carbon monoxide synthesis gas, and the synthesis gas is separated into hydrogen and carbon dioxide by a hydrogen separation means, and is stored in a storage gas tank to use hydrogen as fuel for the engine.

The first invention is an engine combustion process 2 of an engine that continuously burns the enriched oxygen and hydrogen separated in the oxygen separation process 1, and the water passage MH is provided between the inner and outer walls of the combustion chamber NE of the combustion process 2. Water is introduced into the water passage from a water tank T4 by a water introducing pipe, and a plurality of injection nozzles TJ for injecting the water in the water passage into the combustion chamber portion are provided on the inner wall 2U of the combustion chamber portion. In the combustion chamber NE, a fuel injection burner 2N for injecting and burning the hydrogen and enriched oxygen and a spark plug P for igniting the hydrogen and enriched oxygen injected from the fuel injection burner are provided. Oxygen is injected from the fuel injection burner, ignited by the spark plug and burned continuously, and by combustion of the enriched oxygen (supplied from the enriched oxygen tank through the conduit 3) and hydrogen (supplied from the hydrogen tank through the conduit 2). An endothermic structure portion SC that receives the direct heat of the combustion flame is provided inside the combustion chamber inner wall 2U (at a distance), and the water is injected from the injection nozzle into the endothermic structure means and the combustion chamber portion NE of the engine. Therefore, the water injected to the endothermic structure means (large-diameter surface of the endothermic structure part SC) in the combustion chamber part of the engine absorbs the heat of the endothermic structure part to turn the water into steam. The water injected into the combustion chamber also absorbs the heat of combustion in the combustion chamber to turn the water into steam, which serves as a cooling means and steam generating means in the combustion chamber. Carbon dioxide is discharged from the carbon dioxide tank in addition to the hydrogen and the enriched oxygen, which are discharged to the exhaust gas flow path 5 together with the exhaust gas generated by the combustion and are supplied to the combustion process 2 (pipes 21, 25 Whether it is introduced into the combustion chamber section, introduced into the water passage MH from a water tank which joins the water introduction pipe 4 from the water tank, or is directly supplied to the fuel generation step 4 from a carbon dioxide tank by a pipe 23. By supplying carbon dioxide from the combustion chamber portion NE of the engine during the fuel production process 4 by any one of the above means and converting it into either syngas (CO+H ₂ ) or a hydrocarbon compound in the fuel production process. Provided is an engine system which continuously burns hydrogen and enriched oxygen air, which is characterized in that a quality carbon dioxide supply means is provided.
*The heat-absorbing structure means SC that receives the direct heat of the combustion flame of the fuel provided in the combustion chamber of the engine is made of a heat-resistant heat-absorbing structure material (for example, alumina Al ₂ O ₃ -based alloy having high thermal conductivity and heat-resistant temperature is preferable). It is provided that the endothermic structure means in the engine combustion chamber section and the injection means for injecting water to the inner wall are both means for cooling the engine combustion chamber and means for producing steam, and continuous combustion of enriched oxygen and hydrogen. This is a new technology that can devise an engine that can protect the inner wall of the combustion chamber even if it is done.
A second aspect of the invention is to provide a water injection nozzle MJ in which the water injection direction of the water injection nozzle is changed in place of the heat absorption structure SC provided inside the combustion chamber inner wall 2U of the engine. The inner wall 2U is sprayed onto the inner surface on the combustion side to serve as a cooling means for the inner surface on the combustion side of the inner wall of the combustion chamber, and water is injected from the water injection nozzle MJ whose water injection direction is changed into the inner wall surface of the combustion chamber and the combustion chamber. The water that has been injected and has been injected onto the inner wall surface absorbs the heat of the inner wall surface to become steam, and the water that has been injected into the combustion chamber NE absorbs the heat of the combustion gas inside the combustion chamber part and becomes steam to form the steam. The first aspect of the invention is characterized in that it is discharged into an exhaust gas flow path 5 together with water vapor generated by being injected onto the inner wall surface of the chamber and the exhaust gas generated by the combustion of the enriched oxygen and hydrogen. To provide an engine system for continuously burning hydrogen and enriched oxygen air.
A third aspect of the present invention is provided with a rotational force extraction step 3 for extracting the exhaust gas flow force by a flow force direction conversion means for converting the exhaust gas flow force into a rotational force in the exhaust gas flow path of the combustion step 2 so that the exhaust gas discharged from the combustion step is discharged. The rotating blade body (including the stationary blades, moving blades, and steam turbine blades of the gas turbine) of the flow force direction converting means is rotated by the exhaust gas flow force that flows through the rotational force extraction step 3 and flows out as rotational force. An engine for continuously burning hydrogen and enriched oxygen air according to the first or second invention, characterized in that the extracted rotational force is used as a driving force for equipment (transport equipment, generator, etc.) Provide the system.
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, the fuel generating step 4 is provided in the exhaust gas flow path that has passed through the rotational force extracting step 3 of the engine. The fuel generating step 4 is steam reforming, water gas shift, or dry reforming. Any one or more of the reforming passages for a hydrocarbon compound by using either or both of steam and carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas, a synthesis gas of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, or carbon dioxide (or a hydrocarbon compound) Is provided with a reforming means for reforming, and the gas produced by the reforming means is taken out as hydrogen or carbon dioxide (either a hydrocarbon compound) by the gas reforming separation means, and the taken out hydrogen and carbon dioxide The enriched oxygen, the synthesis gas (hydrogen and carbon monoxide), and the hydrocarbon compound of the modifier can be separately used as livestock gas tanks (hydrogen tank T1, enriched oxygen tank T2, carbon dioxide tank T3, hydrocarbon compound tank). T5, a synthetic gas (hydrogen and carbon monoxide) tank T6) is provided to store livestock gas, and further water is stored in a water tank T4. An engine system for continuously burning hydrogen and enriched oxygen air is provided.
In a fifth aspect of the invention, the fuel generation step 4 is provided in the exhaust gas flow path that has passed through the rotational force extraction step 3 of the engine, and the fuel generation step 4 is steam reforming, water gas shift, or dry reforming. Any one or more of the reforming passages for the hydrocarbon compound is either a vapor of the exhaust gas and/or an endothermic carbon dioxide, and a synthesis gas of hydrogen and carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide (or a hydrocarbon compound). ) Is provided with a reforming means for reforming, and the gas produced by the reforming means is taken out as hydrogen or carbon dioxide (either a hydrocarbon compound) by the gas reforming separation means, and the taken out hydrogen and carbon dioxide. And the enriched oxygen, the synthesis gas (hydrogen and carbon monoxide), and the hydrocarbon compound of the modifier can be separately used as livestock gas tanks (hydrogen tank T1, enriched oxygen tank T2, carbon dioxide tank T3, hydrocarbon compound A tank T5, a synthetic gas (hydrogen and carbon monoxide) tank T6) are provided to store livestock gas, and further water is stored in a water tank T4. To provide an engine system for producing fuel by combustion of fuel with enriched oxygen air.
A sixth aspect of the present invention is an embodiment of the engine, wherein the combustion chamber portion NE of the engine is provided as a doughnut-shaped cylindrical gas turbine type combustion chamber portion having a rotating shaft provided at the center thereof. A compression means (a moving blade DY, a stationary blade SY, etc.) for compressing the enriched oxygen is further provided upstream to compress the enriched oxygen and supply it to the combustion chamber section to burn the fuel and the intake air. The turbine blades are rotated by the steam of the steam generating means by the injection of water from the water and the exhaust gas generated by the combustion of the fuel, and the rotational force of the turbine blades is used as the driving force of the transportation equipment or the power generation power of the generator. An engine system for continuously combusting enriched oxygen air and fuel according to any one of the first to fifth inventions is provided.

Supplementary description of the first invention, (oxygen enrichment means)
* An oxygen enrichment means for separating and removing nitrogen N ₂ from the air atmosphere,
Separation of gas using a membrane (eg, prism separator (Monsanto Co.), prism alpha gas (Monsanto Co. PV) (pervaporation), etc.) is common knowledge in the existing technology along with cryogenic separation and adsorption separation. As for the separation membrane system, Monsanto, Dow, Separek, WR Grace, and in Japan, Ube Industries (all company names) commercialize their own separation membrane systems.
* The principle structure of the membrane separation that separates gas is that which separates by the relative permeation rate of the separated gas,
A structure in which early gas easily permeates through the wall of the membrane and goes out to the side port, and slow gas moves inside the hollow fiber and is discharged from the outlet because the permeation through the wall of the membrane is difficult. And
The fast gas includes H ₂ O, H ₂ , H ₂ S, CO ₂ and O ₂ , and the slow gas includes Ar, CO ₃ , N ₂ and CH ₄ .
Operating pressure 8 to 150 Kg/Cm ² G (some pressures below 8 Kg/cm ² are possible)
Enriched oxygen gas purity is 97% to less than 100% (range that does not emit NOx even if burned)
The condition is that the gas to be separated has a pressure, and the driving force of the separation membrane system is the use of the pressure difference.
As the compressor, any of an axial flow type, a reciprocating type, a screw type, a rotary type and a scroll type can be used.

Supplementary description of the first invention, (Theory of intake)
*The amount of heat required to evaporate water is 9,7 kcal per 100 mol (100°C)
There are 1.4 billion Km ³ of water on the earth S 97% of which is seawater and about 3% is land water.
*Air-fuel ratio requires 1850cc of air for 850cc of air, and if the oxygen enriched air of the present application is used, 165cc of oxygen is sufficient and 660cc of nitrogen and 25cc of argon gas mixture are separated, and nitrogen/argon gas mixture. Is the theoretical amount released into the atmosphere, and this argon can also be configured to be used as a valuable gas if separated and separated. The 165/850 is 19%, and about 80% of the structure for handling nitrogen and argon is unnecessary, and if an engine with a displacement of 2000 CC is theoretically the same output can be obtained with an engine with a displacement of 400 CC.

1st invention supplement (steam generation means)
* In the configuration using the enriched oxygen air of the present application, the steam that can be used for reforming uses both the steam generated by the combustion of hydrogen and the steam generated by the steam generating means in the engine. In the steam generating means, the direct heat receiving body (heat absorbing structure means SC) that receives the direct heat of the fuel in the engine combustion chamber is provided at a distance in the inner center direction of the inner wall of the combustion chamber (see FIG. 1). , A plurality of injection nozzles TJ for injecting water or hot water are provided on the inner wall of the combustion chamber, and the water is injected from the injection nozzle TJ to the outer surface (in the large diameter direction) of the heat absorption structure means and the combustion chamber portion of the engine. The water injected to the endothermic structure means in the chamber absorbs the heat of the endothermic structure means SC to turn the water into steam, and the water injected into the combustion chamber NE also includes the heat of combustion in the combustion chamber (of exhaust gas). Heat) to turn the water into steam to generate a large amount of steam, and further, the central temperature of the combustion flame is increased by 47% (calculated value) by combustion of enriched oxygen air, so steam reforming A large number of reactors and endothermic reformers can be provided, and the enriched oxygen separated by the oxygen separator 1A can be supplied by the auto thermal reforming method (ATR) KG4, the direct contact partial oxidation method (D-CPOX) KG5, or the like. Since heat of oxidation (exothermic reaction) can be used, hydrogen production can be increased.
*Since the total energy content of combustion gas is proportional to the product of the gas flow rate and its temperature, it is possible to generate exhaust gas whose combustion temperature is increased by the combustion of hydrogen and enriched oxygen, and to use water vapor generation means to turn water into steam. The gas flow rate is increased both with the generated water vapor, and the total energy amount of the combustion gas is increased with the thermal energy obtained by the exothermic reaction of oxygen.
*The heat-resistant heat-absorbing structure material of the heat-absorbing structure means SC according to the first invention is, for example, tungsten W, hafnium Hf, ceramics, alumina Al ₂ O _3, titanium Ti, nickel Ni, or tungsten. It is possible to use W, hafnium Hf, ceramics, alumina, titanium, nickel compounds, or refractory metal (eg nickel) coated with titanium or ceramics (vapor deposition),
As the heat resistant (heat absorbing) structure material, for example, alumina Al ₂ O ₃ having high thermal conductivity and heat resistant temperature is preferable, and thus the heat resistant structure may be made of alumina.
For example, Nishimura Ceramics (company name) uses alumina Al ₂ O ₃ as the main material and manufactures products with heat conductivity (heat conductivity 39 W/mK) and heat resistance (1500°C) depending on the application. You can also use the product.

Supplementary description of the first invention, (cooling means for combustion section)
* A cooling structure in the combustion chamber of the engine, a water passage MH is provided between the inner and outer walls of the engine combustion portion to introduce water into the water passage, and combustion is performed from a plurality of injection nozzles TJ provided on the inner wall of the combustion portion. Water or hot water is injected into the room to absorb the combustion heat of the fuel in the engine combustion chamber part NE, and the heat resistant structure part SC is provided as a primary heat receiving part of the inner wall of the engine combustion part with an interval in the inner center direction of the inner wall of the combustion chamber part. It is provided open (see FIG. 1 ), and either water or hot water is injected into the heat resistant structure (heat absorbing structure means SC), and the water injected into the heat absorbing structure means SC absorbs heat in the combustion section. The water that has become the water vapor injected into the combustion chamber absorbs the heat of the combustion gas in the combustion chamber and becomes water vapor that serves as cooling means for cooling the inner wall of the combustion chamber and the inside of the combustion chamber.
*This cooling structure uses air to cool the combustion part of the jet turbo engine from a large number of holes into the combustion chamber. By discharging this air, the combustion part is cooled to cool the inner wall of the combustion part. It is used as a cooling (heat resistant) means.
In the present application, water is used instead of the air, and the water is used as water vapor for fuel generation while cooling with water vapor that has absorbed heat. (The same applies to cooling the moving blades and stationary blades of a gas turbine engine.)
*In the combustion of enriched oxygen air and hydrogen, the center temperature of the combustion flame is about 2800°C, and in the combustion of air (oxygen in it) and hydrogen, the center temperature of the combustion flame is about 1900°C and 47% due to the use of enriched oxygen air. In the engine using the enriched oxygen air and the engine using the air (oxygen) in which the central temperature of the combustion flame is increased to some extent, either the reformer or the hydrogen separating means can be increased by 47% in calculation.

Supplementary description of the second invention, (combustion part cooling means)
* A plurality of water injection nozzles MJ, which are cooling structures in the combustion chamber of the engine, are provided in place of the heat-resistant structure SC, and the water injection nozzles TJ change the water injection direction, and the injection nozzles MJ burn the water. The water that has been injected into the inner wall surface of the chamber and the combustion chamber absorbs the heat of the inner wall to become water vapor, and the water that has been injected into the combustion chamber NE has the heat of the combustion gas in the combustion chamber. Is absorbed into water vapor to serve as a cooling means for the inner wall surface of the combustion chamber and the combustion chamber NE, and by providing the injection nozzle MJ, the combustion chamber can be enriched without the heat-resistant structure SC. This is the engine combustion process 2 that can withstand continuous combustion of oxygenated oxygen and hydrogen.

Supplementary description of the first invention and the fourth invention,
In order to prevent the carbon dioxide CO ₂ generated in the fuel generation process from being emitted to the atmosphere, the carbon dioxide generated in the fuel generation process 4 and stored in the storage gas tank T3 is used as the combustion chamber NE (combustion) in the engine. A supply means for supplying carbon dioxide from any of the steps 2) to 4) is provided to separate and reform the carbon dioxide in the fuel generation step 4 or to generate a gas containing carbon dioxide synthesized in the intermediate step of the fuel generation step. The reformer KG (KG1 to KG5) is supplied to the reformer KG (KG1 to KG5) in the fuel production process from the hydrogen storage gas tank T1 and the carbon dioxide storage gas tank T3 which are separated by the separation reformer BR and stored in the storage gas tank. Emission reduction technology that does not emit carbon dioxide to the atmosphere is provided as a means of reforming with KG and reforming into synthesis gas CO+H ₂ or a hydrocarbon compound.
In the present application, the gas containing carbon dioxide CO ₂ separated and reformed in the fuel producing step 4 (enriched oxygen, hydrogen, synthesis gas (CO+H ₂ ) is passed through the animal gas tank, but the animal gas tank is used as animal gas to produce the fuel. Since there is a merit that the required amount can be supplied to the reformer, the livestock gas tank is used, but a configuration without a livestock gas tank is also possible.

Supplementary description of the third invention The rotational force extracting step 3 for extracting the exhaust fluid force as the rotational force is a dam for the structure for extracting the fluid force of the fluid (water, steam, combustion gas) in the substantially linear direction as the rotational force. Technology to convert the force of water flow such as falling force from the river, tidal flow of tidal current, and water flow of agricultural canals into rotational force, and steam engine (using the pressure of water vapor to turn the reciprocating motion of the piston into rotational force) Engines and turbines (engines that rotate the turbine shaft by using high-temperature and high-pressure gas that is burned by mixing fuel with the blades of the engine that blows combustion gas and steam to rotate the impeller and the compressed air of the gas turbine) There is a wing body (static blade/moving blade) of the present invention, and in this application, the basic shape of the wing body (rotational force converting means for converting into rotational force), which is common knowledge (known technology), is taken as an example. Since the exhaust gas and water vapor flowing through the rotational force extraction step 3 are at a high temperature of at least 600° C., heat-resistant structure means (for example, nickel alloy is processed by ceramic coating or the like) is provided as necessary, or the water in the water passage MH is removed. A cooling means for the rotational force converting means can be obtained by injecting the rotary blade body 3a from the inlet 5a of the rotational force extracting step 3.

Supplementary description of the fourth aspect of the invention The fuel producing step 4 is provided in the exhaust gas flow path that has flowed through the rotational force extracting step 3 of the engine, and the fuel producing step 4 contains the wealth separated by the oxygen separator 1A. Oxygen and water vapor generated in the engine combustion process or water vapor and carbon dioxide as an endothermic gas or carbon dioxide as a storage gas and a hydrocarbon compound (if necessary, water stored in a water storage tank) are supplied. In the reforming passage of any one or more of steam reforming, water gas shift, and dry reforming of the above-mentioned feed material, hydrogen is supplied to either or both of steam in exhaust gas and carbon dioxide of endothermic gas. And a production means for producing at least one of carbon monoxide synthesis gas, carbon dioxide, and a hydrocarbon compound, and the gas produced by the production means is hydrogen and carbon dioxide or carbonized by the gas reforming separation means. In the fuel production step 4 in which one of the hydrogen compounds is separated and taken out,
*Steam reforming is an endothermic reaction that reacts hydrocarbons with steam, and has the characteristic that the hydrogen concentration in the produced gas can be increased.
CnHm+nH ₂ O→nCO+(n+m/2)H ₂
For example, the reforming reaction formula using methane CH ₄ as the substance to be reformed is
CH ₄ +H ₂ O ⇔ CO+3H ₂
In the steam reforming reaction using methane as the hydrocarbon compound, CmHn+mH ₂ O→(m+n/2)H ₂ +mCO... Or CH ₄ +CO ₂ →2H ₂ +2CO When a reforming passage for lowering the reforming temperature is provided downstream of the above reforming passage and the ratio of H ₂ and CO is changed and the reaction is performed again by exhaust heat, 3H ₂ +CO→CH ₄ +H ₂ O can be used (for reforming, the above reforming catalyst is used)
Also, when the substance to be modified is dimethyl ether, contacting the catalyst with dimethyl ether together with either steam or carbon dioxide, or both,
A. CH ₃ OCH ₃ +H ₂ O (steam)→2CO+4H ₂ →48.9 kal/mol
B. CH ₃ OCH ₃ +CO ₂ (carbon dioxide)→3CO+3H ₂ →58.8 kal/mol
A+B is approximately 1600 kJ/moi
The reaction temperature is 200 to 500° C., preferably 250 to 450° C., and the reaction pressure is preferably atmospheric pressure to 10 Kg/cm ² ,
Also, by changing the conditions such as the reforming catalyst, carbon dioxide and hydrogen in the following formula can be used.
C. CH ₃ OCH ₃ +3H ₂ O → 2CO ₂ +6H ₂ → 29.3 kal/mol
The amount of heat when burning 1 mol of dimethyl ether is about 1300 kJ/moi.
* Steam reforming of methane CH ₄ +H ₂ O → 3H ₂ +CO Reforming temperature 650-800°C
A part of CO in the above formula further reacts with steam to cause a shift reaction CO+H ₂ O→CO ₂ +H ₂
Combustion heat per 1 moi of hydrogen 285.8 kj/mol

Supplementary description of the fourth invention, (reformation of carbon dioxide)
*Reforming of carbon dioxide is a feature of the technology that takes out a mixed gas of hydrogen (H ₂ ) and carbon monoxide (CO) by bringing a hydrocarbon compound (eg, dimethyl ether) into contact with a catalyst together with a carbon dioxide and steam reforming material. By incorporating Kaihei 11-106770 into the present application and using carbon dioxide as a fuel for the engine, it is possible to further improve the fuel consumption and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
* Although the present application has a configuration exemplifying steam reforming, known methods of producing synthesis gas include the steam reforming method, the dry reforming method, the partial oxidation method, and the autothermal reforming method. It is also possible to adopt the above-mentioned synthesis gas generation method in place of the steam reforming method described above.
* Auto thermal {autothermal reforming}
A method of producing hydrogen by both partial oxidation reaction and steam reforming reaction.
The partial oxidation method is an exothermic reaction, and external heating is unnecessary, and if oxygen-enriched air is used as an additive, the start-up time until reaching a predetermined temperature can be shortened.
A method in which a hydrocarbon compound is reacted with oxygen O ₂ to produce steam (steam) and carbon dioxide CO _2, and at the same time, a hydrocarbon compound and a reforming reaction of steam and CO ₂ are carried out on a catalyst by using heat of reaction.
(Auto thermal reforming)
CH ₄ +2O ₂ →CO ₂ +2H ₂ O(ΔH ₂₉₈ =−802 kj/mol (4)
There is also a problem that temperature controllability is more difficult than steam reforming.
For example, a reforming reaction formula CH ₄ +H ₂ O ⇔ 3H ₂ +CO using methane CH ₄ as a substance to be reformed (1)
_{CO + H 2 O⇔H 2 + CO} 2 (2) shift reaction (1) of occurring side upon reaction * As the steam reforming catalyst, for example, be a known catalyst such as nickel catalysts Yes, reforming temperature 650-800℃
*Dry reforming (CO ₂ reforming) method
A reaction involving a large endothermic reaction, for example, a reforming reaction formula CH ₄ +CO ₂ ⇔ 2H ₂ +2CO using methane CH ₄ as a substance to be reformed (3)
The reaction of the formula (2) occurs secondarily during the reaction of the formula (3). * As another modification, a direct contact partial oxidation method (D-CPOX... Direct-Catalytic Partial Oxidation)
The hydrocarbon compound is reacted with about half the stoichiometric amount of oxygen to stop the oxidation reaction to produce H ₂ and CO. For example, a reforming reaction formula CH ₄ +0.5O ₂ →2H ₂ +CO (ΔH ₂₉₈ =−36 kj/mol) using methane CH ₄ as a substance to be reformed (5)
The above-mentioned method can be expected to be installed in a limited space such as on a ship because it can be expected to make the reactor size as compact as 1/10 to 1/100 as compared with the above-mentioned auto-thermal reforming method (ATR).
*Other than the above, the technology for synthesizing syngas has been disclosed (disclosed), and the disclosed technology can also be used.

Supplementary description of the fourth invention Separation by separation membrane Industrially proven in membrane separation of hydrogen include polyimide, polyamide, polysulfone, etc.-Palladium Pd metal thin film BR2
Only hydrogen molecules permeate the metal palladium film. That is, hydrogen molecules are atomized on the surface of the film to become protons (H ⁺ ) and electrons (e), which diffuse in the film and recombine on the surface of the film to be molecularized and separated. This membrane is suitable for producing high-purity hydrogen, because hydrogen can be separated by heating a thin tube to 300°C to 500°C.
・High-temperature hydrogen gas separation membrane (ceramics) BR3
There is a high-temperature hydrogen gas separation membrane system at about 700°C, and for high-temperature gas separation for separating and extracting hydrogen from hydrogen reformed by steam reforming reforming at 600°C to 1000°C and carbon monoxide synthesis gas. Are suitable.
A configuration in which the reforming in the present reformer KG is replaced with the separation membrane (if conditions such as gas temperature, pressure, and purity of permeated gas are suitable) can be adopted.
* Separation by proton conductive ceramic tube Proton conductive ceramics have heat resistance according to the combustion temperature, and are equipped with continuous vents that allow combustion gas to pass through. Strontium serate-based and zirconate-based belogskite oxide ceramics, etc. In particular, the proton conductive ceramics has an effect of activating hydrogen and oxygen, and is particularly advantageous for separating synthetic gas from hydrogen and carbon dioxide.
As an example, the proton conductive ceramics of the present application may be a proton-electron mixed conductive ceramic that has both proton conductivity and electron conductivity and is permeable to hydrogen.
This oxide is stable even at high temperatures, and particularly exhibits good proton conductivity at 400 to 700°C.
In the description of JP-A 2008-302334, a chemical reaction such as a reforming reaction, a partial oxidation reaction, or a decomposition reaction is performed by using oxygen-containing hydrocarbon as a main raw material gas and water (steam), carbon dioxide, oxygen or the like as a sub raw material gas. Is a reactor for producing hydrogen-containing mixed gas, and then separating and taking out hydrogen from the mixed gas by means of a selective permeation membrane (for example, a palladium alloy membrane) capable of selectively permeating hydrogen. It is a permselective membrane reactor (also referred to as a membrane reactor) capable of performing reaction and selective separation at the same time. * Also, in the description of JP-A-2006-298664, a porous support and oxygen ions formed thereon A membrane-type reactor using a reaction structure having a three-layer structure composed of a dense layer made of an electronically mixed conductive solid electrolyte and a catalyst layer formed on the dense layer, wherein a catalyst layer is formed on the surface of the catalyst layer. Description of a solid electrolyte membrane reactor for supplying a high-purity oxygen gas, which is characterized in that a gas to be treated containing hydrocarbon as a main component and a high-purity oxygen gas are respectively supplied to the surface of the porous support side. There is also.
By adopting the above membrane reactor, the reaction such as reforming and the separation by permeation become an integrated device, which contributes to downsizing of the device and is a technology that can be mounted on a moving body such as an automobile. If the development of a device that integrates the reforming accompanied by a chemical reaction and the separation of the reformed substance (gas) is advanced, it will be a device to which the engine of the present application is applied, which contributes to the compactness of the device and to the moving body such as an automobile. This is a technology that can be installed, and if the development of a device that integrates the reforming accompanied by the chemical reaction as described above and the separation of the reformed substance (gas) progresses in the future, the applicable range of the engine of the present application will be expanded.

Supplementary description of the fourth invention, (technology using fuel gas as syngas)
* Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-039022 describes a reformed gas supply device for a fuel reformed gas engine.
The hydrocarbon fuel is reformed into a reformed gas by a reformer having a catalyst and the like, and the reformed gas is supplied to the engine by a reformed gas supply device to operate the engine. Since the fuel supplied to this engine is a reformed gas containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide as the main components, it has a high lean burn limit, enables stable engine operation even in the lean range, and has low NO _x , It is possible to achieve high efficiency at the same time,
This is a technique that allows the use of syngas as fuel instead of hydrogen in the present application, and the above syngas can also be used as fuel.

Supplement of the fourth invention (reformer installation example)
* A steam reformer KG1 and a CO ₂ reforming KG2 in the syngas reformer KG are provided in the upstream part of the fuel generation process 4, and the reformers KG4 and KG5 for supplying oxygen to cause an exothermic reaction are provided, for example. By arranging adjacent (parallel) or the above exothermic reaction reforming on the outside and the endothermic reforming on the inside, it is possible to raise the temperature of steam that has been absorbed and decreased in temperature (maintaining the temperature for a long time).
The synthesis gas reformer KG H ₂ that of H ₂ in the generated H _{2 +} CO were separated and separated by the separator by the gas separator in the other CO was then slaughtered gas separation to slaughter gas tank provided with a slaughtering gas tank slaughtering It is a preferable reformer installation form to take a form of gas or take a form of introducing the gas directly into the gas reforming separator KB to separate it into hydrogen and carbon dioxide and storing it as a livestock gas in a livestock gas tank.
In order to mount the fuel production process 4 on a small moving body such as an automobile, if the direct contact partial oxidation method KG5 or the membrane reactor KB2 is used in a compact form, the range of use of the engine of the present application is expanded.

Supplement to the fourth invention (example of fuel production process installation)
Since the engine of the present application uses enriched oxygen from which nitrogen has been removed, the structure for handling nitrogen is not required, so that the engine can be at least about 1/3 the volume of the conventional gas turbine engine. If a reaction time is required in the fuel generation process, or if it is desired to increase the amount of reformed gas at the same time, it is possible to provide a plurality of fuel generation processes. A reformer using exhaust gas at 150° C. to 300° C. may be provided separately.

Supplement of the fourth invention (water separation/recovery means)
When the gas produced in the above fuel production process contains water vapor and when the exhaust gas to be discarded into the atmosphere contains water, a water film separator (see FIG. 9) is provided to separate and collect water for consumption. It is a means to reduce the amount.

A hydrocarbon compound synthesizer (opposing a catalyst) is provided in the synthetic fuel production step 4 of the hydrocarbon compound, and the gas of the hydrocarbon compound synthetic material produced by the engine of the present application (enriched oxygen, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, monoxide) Carbon and synthesis gas (hydrogen+carbon monoxide) steam are introduced into the hydrocarbon compound synthesizer to synthesize a hydrocarbon compound.
For example, when the hydrocarbon compound is dimethyl ether CH ₃ OCH ₃ , the hydrocarbon compound synthesizer (opposed to the catalyst) is provided and the gas produced by the engine of the present application is introduced into the hydrocarbon compound synthesizer to produce the hydrocarbon. Dimethyl ether can be synthesized with a compound synthesizer.
3H ₂ +3CO→CH ₃ OCH ₃ +CO ₂ represented by the formula.
** Also, many synthetic techniques for the hydrocarbon compound dimethyl ether have been disclosed, and most of them are carried out by the following reactions.
2H ₂ +CO→CH ₃ OH...(1)
2CH ₃ OH→CH ₃ OCH ₃ +H ₂ O...(2)
CO+H ₂ O→H ₂ +CO ₂ ...(3)
As a method for synthesizing dimethyl ether, there are an indirect method and a direct method. In the indirect method, dimethyl ether is synthesized by the above reaction formulas (1) and (2). On the other hand, in the direct method, the reactions of the above reaction formulas (1) to (3) occur simultaneously. The reactions represented by the above reaction formulas (1) to (3) can be summarized as the following reaction formula (4).
3H ₂ +3CO→CH ₃ OCH ₃ +CO ₂ ... (4)
From the above reaction formula (4), the higher the concentration of hydrogen and carbon monoxide in the synthesis of dimethyl ether, the more the yield of dimethyl ether increases.
* In the present application, carbon monoxide is a ceramic membrane whose basic skeleton is a repeating structure mainly composed of Si-N bonds which separates hydrogen from a hydrogen-synthesis gas synthesized from steam reforming KG1 at 700°C to 900°C ( Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-187706 (described in the high-temperature compatible membrane reformer) is used to separate hydrogen, and a livestock gas tank is provided for livestock gas of carbon monoxide that is OFF gas after separation. Then, hydrogen and carbon monoxide can be supplied to the steam reformer KG1 of the above carbon dioxide in the required amounts, and dimethyl ether as the reforming agent can be supplied in the required amounts. Therefore, in principle, it is necessary to supplement the hydrocarbon compound from the outside. Instead, the reforming loss can be replenished, and the hydrocarbon compound can be synthesized in the fuel production process. Therefore, the engine of the present application can be an engine using “water H ₂ O” as the main fuel.

Supplementary description of livestock gas tank The livestock gas tank of the present invention is a livestock gas tank in which the livestock gas tank is installed in a transport device, but the tank does not require a high-pressure hydrogen gas storage tank of 35 MPa, and is a gas generated by the engine. At least (minimum), a tank having a pressure of at most about 1 MPa is preferable as long as it can store the fuel required for the engine reforming path to function normally (corresponding to warm-up operation).
Further, as a damage preventing means for preventing tank damage, for example, one to a plurality of tanks are made into one package and shock-absorbing materials such as foamed polyethylene, boron fiber reinforced plastic, etc. are fixed and fixedly held on the upper part of the vehicle. The V-shaped cutouts are concentrated when the shock is applied to the fixing device, which is fixed to the fixing device which is fixedly fixed to the upper part of the vehicle by the fixing holding device of the fixed holding. It is broken by stress, and the package of the shock absorbing material (integrating the tank support body) is disengaged from the fixture (it does not fly completely away, but is locked to the fixture etc. by a wire or the like). This is a preferable form because it is a measure to avoid secondary damage in which the package of the shock-cushioning material completely comes off.) The present invention is characterized in that any one or both of tank separating means for separating the tank from the tank setting part of the above is provided, and the non-stationary gas storage means is further provided. The equipment (eg, automobile) is composed of a livestock gas tank, and the livestock gas tank is mounted on the upper part of the vehicle body, mounted on the chassis part of the truck, or attached to the non-stationary equipment. However, in the case of stationary equipment (for example, power plants), it is composed of the structure and material within the safety standard (in Japan, the registration of JIS B 8265 has been completed. There is ISO 16528 internationally). Since it must be, non-stationary livestock gas tanks and stationary equipment (for example, chemical plants) livestock gas tanks must each be configured within the above safety standards or at least having elements that can change the safety standards, Therefore, even if the non-stationary facility (for example, automobile) livestock gas tank and the stationary facility (for example, chemical factory) livestock gas tank have the same function of storing gas, their structures (standards) are completely different.

A hydrogen gas storage gas tank generated from the engine is installed on the upper part of the moving body, and either an impact cushioning material (foamed polyethylene, boron fiber reinforced plastic, etc.) is fixed to the gas storage tank, or one of coatings or multi-layers is fixed. Alternatively, a gas storage tank that is firmly attached to the gas storage tank and is used as a measure against rupture and explosion in the event of a car crash.
According to the current regulations (the registration of JIS B 8265 is completed in Japan, ISO 16528 is internationally available), CFRP for transportation (a high density polyethylene liner entirely reinforced with glass fiber or carbon fiber tank ) Since the container has a pressure of up to 35 MPa and a capacity of 360 L, deregulation is necessary to utilize the container. (Japan Industrial Gas Association, hydrogen gas container standard)

The fact that the structure of the animal gas tank can be mounted on a moving body (may be a fixed form) is that, for example, H ₂ +CO synthesis gas is generated by the reformer in the fuel generation step 4 and reformed into a hydrocarbon compound in the next step. There is a problem when the H ₂ /CO ratios supplied to the reformer (or used as fuel) are different. The produced H ₂ +CO synthesis gas is stored in the storage gas tank and then separated into gas. Hydrogen is separated by membranes (BR2, BR3) or separated into hydrogen and carbon dioxide by a gas reforming separator (KB1, for example, a proton conductive ceramic tube reformer), and the separated hydrogen is stored in a hydrogen storage gas tank T1. carbon dioxide livestock gas tank T3 to the slaughter gas constitutes proper H _{2 /} CO ratio in the reformer for reforming a hydrocarbon compound by a quantity of hydrogen slaughter gas tank T1 carbon dioxide carbon dioxide livestock tank T3 Can be supplied from either or both,

The biggest challenge is to reduce the emission of "CO ₂ "to deal with global warming, and by using enriched oxygen air, it becomes an engine that does not emit nitrogen oxides "NO _x " and the issue of carbon dioxide By reforming also into fuel, we were able to use it as an engine for greenhouse gas emission reduction measures that constitutes one of the greenhouse gas reduction policy issues, which is the greatest effect.
Supplementary description of the second invention, (combustion part cooling means)
* A plurality of water injection nozzles MJ, which are cooling structures in the combustion chamber of the engine, are provided in place of the heat-resistant structure SC, and the water injection nozzles TJ change the water injection direction, and the injection nozzles MJ burn the water. The water that has been injected into the inner wall surface of the chamber and the combustion chamber absorbs the heat of the inner wall to become water vapor, and the water that has been injected into the combustion chamber NE has the heat of the combustion gas in the combustion chamber. Is absorbed into water vapor to serve as a cooling means for the inner wall surface of the combustion chamber and the combustion chamber NE, and by providing the injection nozzle MJ, the combustion chamber can be enriched without the heat-resistant structure SC. This is the engine combustion process 2 that can withstand continuous combustion of oxygenated oxygen and hydrogen.

1. The endothermic structure means SC for receiving the direct heat of the combustion flame due to the combustion of the enriched oxygen and hydrogen are provided at intervals toward the inner center of the inner wall 2U of the combustion chamber portion, and water is injected to the endothermic structure means SC. As a result, the endothermic structure means can be cooled and the injected water can be made into steam, and an engine can be obtained in which hydrogen is continuously burned with enriched oxygen air.
2. Further, in place of the heat absorbing structure means SC which receives the direct heat of the combustion flame due to the combustion of the enriched oxygen and hydrogen, a plurality of water injection nozzles MJ in which the water injection direction of the water injection nozzle TJ is changed are provided, and the inside of the combustion chamber is provided. Could be used as a cooling means.

3. According to the above-mentioned items 1 and 2, steam is generated by combustion of oxygen and hydrogen enriched with heat and endothermic structure means SC, and water is injected into the combustion chamber to generate steam (the central temperature of the flame F is 47% UP. It was possible to increase the production of hydrogen.) This was able to increase the production of hydrogen.

4. Since it does not take in nitrogen (about 80% of the air), it was possible to make the combustion chamber part smaller (at least about 1/3) by that amount.

5. Further, by providing a hydrocarbon compound generation reformer for generating a hydrocarbon compound of the reforming material in the steam reformer, it is possible to generate the hydrocarbon compound (for example, methane CH ₄ , dimethyl ether CH ₃ OCH _3, etc.). As a result, it was possible to obtain a structure in which the hydrocarbon compound was not replenished (or reduced).

It will be one effective measure to reduce the greenhouse gas CO ₂ emissions by the 2016 Paris Agreement to virtually zero in the latter half of this century.

Regarding the respective dimensional relationships in the drawings, important portions are enlarged, exaggerated portions where details are difficult to understand, and reduced when describing a wide range portion or a portion of low importance in the present invention. Therefore, the dimensions between drawings and within drawings are not proportional, and are not actual or reduced scale.
Also, if the line spacing is narrow, it tends to become one black thick line at the scanning stage, so the line spacing is widened or described as one line.
Furthermore, parts other than the basic (main) mechanism of the present invention are omitted in some drawings.

FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration flow diagram (FIG. 1) of a combustion process of an engine in which hydrogen (H ₂ ) is continuously (intermittently) combusted with enriched oxygen (O ₂ ), and nitrogen is separated from air in an engine combustion process 2. An oxygen separator 1A for removing oxygen is provided, and the oxygen separator is an air compressor and a separator for separating air into enriched oxygen and nitrogen (eg, membrane separation membrane (FIG. 9A)) and separated enriched oxygen. It is equipped with a livestock gas tank T1 for producing livestock gas, and is supplied to the fuel injection burner 2N from the livestock gas tank through the enriched oxygen introduction pipe 3, and hydrogen is introduced from the hydrogen livestock gas tank T2 which uses the livestock gas for hydrogen as fuel. The hydrogen and enriched oxygen of the fuel, which is supplied to the fuel injection burner through the pipe 2 and is injected from the combustion burner into the combustion chamber NE, is ignited by the spark plug 2P and continuously burned, and the exhaust gas ( Most of the water vapor is discharged from the exhaust port 5.
A water passage MH is provided between the inner and outer walls (between 2G and 2U) of the engine combustion process (outer shell), and water is introduced into the water passage MH from the water tank T4 through the water introduction pipe 4 to the water passage MH. A plurality of injection nozzles TJ for injecting the water in the water passage into the combustion chamber are provided on the inner wall 2U of the combustion chamber, and the heat absorbing structure means for receiving the direct heat of the combustion flame due to the continuous combustion of the enriched oxygen and hydrogen. SCs are provided at intervals toward the inner center of the inner wall of the combustion chamber to serve as a protection means (for the combustion temperature) of the wall surface of the combustion chamber by the combustion of hydrogen and enriched oxygen, and the water is absorbed from the injection nozzle TJ by the heat absorption structure means. The water that has been injected into the large-diameter surface of the SC and the combustion chamber of the engine and injected into the endothermic structure means in the combustion chamber of the engine absorbs the heat of the endothermic structure means SC and turns the water into steam. The water injected to the NE in the chamber also absorbs the combustion heat (heat of the exhaust gas) in the combustion chamber and turns the water into steam to serve as a cooling means and a steam generating means in the combustion chamber. Combustion step 2 of the engine for continuously combusting hydrogen and enriched oxygen air, which becomes steam and is discharged to the exhaust gas passage 5 together with the exhaust gas generated by the combustion of the enriched oxygen and hydrogen. (A water passage may be provided in the heat absorption structure means to inject water from the heat absorption structure means to serve as a cooling means for the combustion chamber portion.)

FIG. 2 shows that the combustion-side inner surface of the inner wall of the combustion chamber portion NE is directly exposed to the combustion flame F instead of the heat absorption structure means SC that receives the direct heat of combustion flame from the continuous combustion of enriched oxygen and hydrogen described in FIG. A heat-resistant means for withstanding heat is provided, and the heat-resistant means has a plurality of injection nozzles TJ for injecting the water in the water passage into the combustion chamber portion, and the injection direction of the nozzles is the inner surface of the combustion chamber portion NE on the combustion side ( (See FIG. 2C) and the injection port angle of the nozzle is set to be a nozzle MJ for injecting to the inner surface of the combustion chamber portion NE inner wall on the combustion side so as to inject the water into the combustion chamber portion. The water injected from the injection nozzle MJ is used as a cooling means for injecting and reflecting on the combustion side inner surface of the chamber NE inner wall to cool the combustion side inner surface of the combustion chamber NE inner wall (see FIG. 2C) and the inside of the combustion chamber. The water that has bounced back also absorbs the heat inside the combustion chamber part NE and the combustion side inner surface of the combustion chamber part NE and turns the water into steam to serve as a steam generating means in the combustion chamber part.

An engine system provided with a rotational force extracting step 3 for extracting rotational force by a flow force direction converting means for converting exhaust gas flow force into rotation force at the exhaust gas outlet 5a of the engine combustion step 2 of FIG. 3 (FIG. 3, (See FIG. 4), the exhaust gas 5a discharged from the combustion process 2 of the engine is caused to flow through the rotary blade body 3a of the hydrodynamic direction changing means in the rotational force extracting step 3 to make the rotary blade body (3 in the case of this figure, A rotary blade body 3a of a known technique is illustrated as an explanatory view in FIG. 4) is rotated by the exhaust flow force of exhaust gas to extract the rotational force from the rotary shaft 3d, and the extracted rotational force is a driving force ( (Or power generation) as a rotational force extracting step 3.

It is an engine in which a rotational force extracting step 3 is provided in the exhaust port portion 5 of the hydrogen combustion engine combustion step 2 for combusting the enriched air and hydrogen (FIG. 3), and the exhaust gas flowing through the rotational force extracting step 3 is the next step. Is introduced into the fuel production step 4 (see FIG. 4) of the fuel cell, which includes the synthesis gas reformer KG, the steam reforming method (steam reforming method) KG1, and the dry reforming (CO ₂ reforming). Method) KG2, steam/CO ₂ reforming KG3, auto thermal reforming KG4, direct contact oxidation method KG5,) and gas separation membrane separator BR
(Polymer membrane separator BR1, metal separation membrane (palladium alloy thin film etc.) BR2, high temperature hydrogen gas separation membrane (ceramics separation membrane etc.) BR3, gas reforming separator KB, (proton conductive ceramic tube reformer KB1, membrane Type reactor (reactor and separator integrated type) KB2,
Select a reforming method that can extract a large amount of hydrogen as one fuel (consider a reforming method that uses reaction heat of enriched oxygen)
2. Select a reforming method that reforms carbon dioxide to generate synthesis gas (essential reforming method).
3. Select a method for separating hydrogen from synthesis gas (essential separation method).
4. Select a device that can be as compact as possible.
Considering the above conditions (steam reforming method) KG1, CO ₂ reforming method (dry reforming) KG2, and metal separators (paradium alloy thin films, etc.) when used at 700°C to IOOO° in the separator BR using a gas separation membrane. ) BR2, a high temperature hydrogen gas separation membrane (ceramics separation membrane, etc.) BR3, or the gas reforming separator KB is selected to be the proton conductive ceramics tube reformer KB1 is a preferable combination of the above fuel producing steps. ..

FIG. 6 is an example of an application using the configuration of the engine including the hydrogen combustion engine combustion step 2, the rotational force extraction step 3 and the fuel generation step 4 (see FIG. 6).
FIG. 6 shows a doughnut-shaped cylindrical gas turbine type combustion chamber section NE in which the rotary shafts of the main turbine MTA and the low-pressure turbine LTA are provided in the center of the combustion chamber section NE of the engine. A gas turbine configuration of a structure in which the blades DY of the main turbine MTA and the low-pressure turbine LTA are rotated by the flow force of steam generated by the means and a gas mainly composed of endothermic carbon dioxide to obtain power, which is a centrifugal type from the atmosphere. Air compressed by a compressor (which may be any of compressors such as axial flow type, reciprocating type, screw type, rotary type, scroll type, etc.) is introduced into the oxygen (nitrogen) separation section to separate enriched oxygen (storage The gas is stored in a gas tank), is further compressed by a compressor provided in the hydrogen combustion turbine main body, and is introduced into the combustion burner 2N in the combustion chamber portion. The water passage MT is provided between the inner and outer walls of the combustion chamber portion. And a plurality of injection nozzles TJ are provided on the inner wall, and the compressed enriched oxygen and fuel are introduced into the combustion nozzle to burn in the combustion chamber. (The spark plug 2P is provided.) The heat-resistant structure SC is provided with the heat-resistant structure SC for receiving the direct heat of combustion due to the combustion of the fuel, and water or hot water is provided from the injection nozzle in the combustion chamber NE and in the combustion chamber. To cool the inside of the combustion chamber portion including the heat-resistant structure portion and to make the injected water or hot water into steam and the exhaust gas in the combustion, from the vane of the low-pressure turbine blade LTA to the moving blade → of the main turbine blade MTA. Injecting from the stationary blade to the moving blade, the moving blade of the main turbine is rotated by the gas (combustion gas and steam of the steam generating means) to take out its rotational force forward (in the case of the present application, as an example, V belt Although the power is transmitted using the pulley, the main power of the turboprop engine of the aircraft is transmitted by using the reduction gear device, and the main power transmission of the present application is the gear transmission. It can also be used as driving force or power generation power. (The rotary power of the low-pressure turbine is used as the power of the air and oxygen-rich compressor)
The exhaust gas that has flowed through the turbine is a hydrogen combustion turbine configured to self-supply hydrogen in the fuel production step 4 in the next step.

FIG. 6B is a schematic view showing a form in which the driving force of the main turbine is extracted to the rear of the engine.

FIG. 7A is an AA half cross-sectional view of a portion including the combustion chamber portion of FIG. 6, in which a plurality of water injection nozzles TJ are used to inject into the heat resistant structure SC between the inner and outer walls of the combustion chamber (between 2G and 2U). FIG. 3 is a view showing that the combustion nozzles 2N are arranged (arranged in a plurality of circles), and that a plurality of spark plugs 2P (2 to 3 pieces) are further provided.

In FIG. 7B, FIG. 7B is composed of one combustion chamber part in which the turbine combustion chamber part is made cylindrical, whereas a plurality of combustion chamber parts are drawn in a circle around the turbine rotation axis LTA _KJ /MTA _KJ. Is provided, and it is advantageous in processing the combustion chamber portion by making the diameter of the combustion chamber portion small (for example, forming/firing, particularly firing when the heat-resistant structure portion SC is alumina forming). ..

FIG. 8 is a structure of a hydrogen combustion turbine engine in which a combustion process of Example 2 and a cooling means for a heat-resistant structure part SC, a combustion chamber part including the heat-resistant structure part SC, and a turbine blade cooling structure part RY are provided in the combustion process. Turbofan engine with a bypass flow passage BR that allows air other than the air drawn into the oxygen-rich separation section to be introduced into the oxygen-rich separation section (about 5/6 for non-military purposes) to be exhausted to the exhaust port on the outer surface of the engine In this figure, the atmosphere is introduced into the oxygen separation section (depending on the application, but approximately 1/6 for non-military purposes) to separate oxygen-rich oxygen and separate the separated nitrogen near the exhaust port. The separated enriched oxygen is merged with the air in the bypass flow and is ejected, and the separated enriched oxygen is introduced into the axial flow compressor by the introduction pipe 3, further compressed and sent to the fuel injection burner 2N of the combustion section, while the hydrogen of the fuel is The hydrogen is supplied from the hydrogen tank to the fuel injection nozzle of the combustion section through the hydrogen supply pipe 2, and is ignited by the spark plug 2P to burn the hydrogen and the enriched oxygen.
The fuel (hydrogen) is generated by the syngas reformer installed in the exhaust flow path of the engine, and approximately 1/2 of the hydrogen generated via the animal gas tank is used as the propulsive force for the engine during normal flight. A portion of the produced fuel is slaughtered when it is needed to be configured or to expel all of the produced gas as propulsion (eg, as fuel for the engine when the aircraft takes off or when a combat plane is in combat). It is either configured.
The carbon dioxide to be supplied to the engine is supplied from the carbon dioxide storage gas tank through the pipe line 23 which is directly supplied to the fuel production process. By directly supplying it to the fuel production process, the exhaust gas which becomes the propulsive force of the aircraft. The aircraft does not contain carbon dioxide, that is, does not emit "CO ₂ "into the atmosphere.

FIG. 9(A) is a diagram simply showing the configuration of the oxygen separation part described in the above embodiment.
For example, air that has been compressed with a compressor or the like to remove impurities with a filter is introduced into a prism separator = hollow fiber composite membrane, oxygen is discharged outside the prism separator in the hollow fiber composite membrane, and nitrogen gas is discharged through the separator. It is the figure which showed the structure discharged|emitted from.

FIG. 9B shows a prism separator = hollow fiber composite membrane applied to water (water vapor) separation for water separation, and the basic separation principle (gas such as hydrogen and water vapor) is separated by a relative permeation coefficient. Alternatively, there are those that are separated according to the difference in diffusion coefficient.

The hydrogen-fueled rotary engine vehicle is a Mazda Premacy Hydrogen RE hybrid vehicle with a structure that allows selection between hydrogen-fueled driving and gasoline-fueled driving. High-pressure hydrogen fuel tank (35 MPa, 74 L) And, a gasoline tank is mounted on the vehicle, electricity is stored in a lithium-ion battery by the rotation of a hydrogen rotary engine, and the wheels are driven by electricity stored in the battery. The engine is operated under certain conditions (constant conditions), and the control of vehicle speed fluctuations, etc., depending on the running state of the vehicle is electric control, and its operation control and power generation components can also be applied to the engine of this application (transport equipment mounting form). ..

Anything using a structure that can be easily conceived from the scope of rights described in the claims of the present application is the scope of the present application.

The present application is an engine that burns enriched oxygen and hydrogen that separates oxygen from the air, and is an engine that can be widely used in industry as a driving force (including a force that moves a driving body and power generation) if there is air and water. ..

FIG. 3 is an example diagram of a combustion process 2 of an engine in which oxygen-rich and hydrogen are continuously burned, and a schematic flow example 1 of an engine having a structure capable of continuously burning oxygen-rich and hydrogen by providing a heat-resistant structure portion in the engine. The figure which provided the injection nozzle MJ which injects water into the inner surface of a combustion chamber part instead of the heat resistant structure part of FIG. Schematic structure 1 example diagram in which a take-out structure part for taking out the flow force of exhaust gas as a rotational force is added after the exhaust port in FIG. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA of the rotary wing body of FIG. 3. FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of one example of an engine that can generate fuel as well in an engine that continuously burns enriched oxygen and hydrogen with a fuel generation step of reforming the gas into fuel in the downstream portion of the exhaust port in FIGS. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a first example of an example in which the form of the engine combustion chamber of FIG. 1 is applied to a gas turbine engine form engine. (B) An example of a form in which the rotational force is taken out in the rear direction. FIG. 7 is an example of a half cross section of the combustion chamber portion of FIG. 6, and FIG. FIG. 7 is a schematic one example view of a turbo fan engine in which an air introduction fan, a bypass passage, and an exhaust jet injection unit are provided by applying the engine of the gas turbine engine form of FIG. 6. (A) Schematic structure 1 example of enriched oxygen separator (B) Steam (water) separation schematic structure 1 example diagram

Claims (4)

An engine combustion process of an engine that continuously burns enriched oxygen and hydrogen separated in the oxygen separation process, wherein a water passage is provided between inner and outer walls of a combustion chamber portion of the combustion process, and a water tank is connected to the water passage. Water is introduced through a water introducing pipe, and a plurality of injection nozzles for injecting water in the water passage into the combustion chamber are provided on the inner wall of the combustion chamber, and the hydrogen and enriched oxygen are provided in the combustion chamber. A fuel injection burner for injecting and burning and a spark plug for igniting hydrogen and enriched oxygen injected from the fuel injection burner are provided, and the hydrogen and enriched oxygen are injected from the fuel injection burner and ignited by the spark plug for continuous combustion. The endothermic structure part that receives the direct heat of the combustion flame due to the combustion of the enriched oxygen and hydrogen is provided inside the inner wall of the combustion chamber part, and the water is injected from the injection nozzle into the endothermic structure means and the combustion chamber part of the engine. The water being injected and injected into the heat absorbing structure means in the combustion chamber part of the engine absorbs the heat of the heat absorbing structure means to turn the water into steam, and the water injected into the combustion chamber part is also in the combustion chamber part. Exhaust gas together with the exhaust gas generated by the combustion of the enriched oxygen and hydrogen is used as the cooling means and steam generating means in the combustion chamber part that absorbs the heat of combustion and turns the water into steam. In addition to the hydrogen and the enriched oxygen that have been discharged to the flow path and are supplied to the combustion process, introduce carbon dioxide from the carbon dioxide tank into the combustion chamber section or introduce water into the water passage from the water tank. The carbon dioxide is supplied from the combustion chamber of the engine to the fuel generation process by a means that is either introduced from a conduit that joins the pipe or is directly supplied to the fuel generation process from a carbon dioxide tank. An engine system for continuously combusting hydrogen and enriched oxygen air, characterized by being used as a carbon dioxide supply means for reforming either synthetic gas (CO+H ₂ ) or a hydrocarbon compound in the production step. Instead of the heat absorbing structure provided inside the inner wall of the combustion chamber of the engine, a water injection nozzle in which the water injection direction of the water injection nozzle is changed is provided to inject on the inner surface of the combustion chamber inner wall on the combustion side. As a cooling means for the combustion-side inner surface of the inner wall of the combustion chamber part, water is injected from the water injection nozzle whose water injection direction is changed into the inner wall surface of the combustion chamber part and the combustion chamber and is injected to the inner wall surface. The water absorbs the heat of the inner wall surface to become steam and is injected into the combustion chamber. The water absorbs the heat of the combustion gas in the combustion chamber to become steam and is injected to the inner wall of the combustion chamber. The engine for continuously burning hydrogen and enriched oxygen air according to claim 1, wherein the engine is exhausted into an exhaust gas passage together with water vapor and the exhaust gas generated by the combustion of the enriched oxygen and hydrogen. system. The exhaust gas flow path of the combustion process is provided with a rotational force extraction process for extracting the exhaust gas flow force by a flow force direction conversion means for converting the exhaust gas flow force into rotational force, and exhaust gas discharged from the combustion process flows through the rotational force extraction process. The exhaust gas flow force flowing through the rotor causes the rotary vane body of the flow force direction changing means to rotate to be extracted as a rotational force, and the extracted rotational force is used as a driving force of the device. Item 3. An engine system that continuously burns hydrogen and enriched oxygen air. The fuel generation step is provided in the exhaust gas flow path that has flowed through the torque extraction step of the engine, and the fuel generation step is modified by one or more of steam reforming, water gas shift, and dry reforming. A reforming means for reforming a hydrocarbon compound into a synthetic gas of hydrogen and carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide by using either or both of steam and carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas is provided in the pouch. The gas produced by the quality control means is taken out as hydrogen or carbon dioxide by the gas reforming separation means, and the taken out hydrogen, carbon dioxide, enriched oxygen, synthesis gas, and hydrocarbon compound of the reformer can be separated as livestock gas. The engine system for continuously burning hydrogen and enriched oxygen air according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a gas tank is provided to store livestock gas and further water is stored in the water tank.