WO2017065038A1

WO2017065038A1 - Engine system performing continuous combustion of oxygen and oxygen-enriched air

Info

Publication number: WO2017065038A1
Application number: PCT/JP2016/079312
Authority: WO
Inventors: 寛治泉
Original assignee: 寛治泉
Priority date: 2015-10-16
Filing date: 2016-10-03
Publication date: 2017-04-20

Abstract

[Problem] To invent an engine system as a means for reducing CO₂ and NO_X emissions to cope with global warming. [Solution] An engine system wherein a combustion chamber unit configured so as to have a step in which enriched oxygen and hydrogen can be burned is invented, and wherein: a heat-resistant structural unit, which directly receives heat from the combustion of the enriched oxygen and the hydrogen, is provided in the combustion chamber; a water path for water is provided between an inner wall and an outer wall of the combustion chamber unit; on the inner wall, the heat-resistant structural unit (or combustion chamber unit cooling means MJ) and spray nozzles that spray water into the combustion chamber unit are provided, and water is sprayed, as a cooling means for the interior of the combustion chamber unit and as a water vapor generation means; the water vapor from the water vapor generation means and combustion exhaust gas are run through a rotational force extraction step of a flow force direction-changing means and are extracted as rotational force, and the extracted rotational force is used as a driving force; gas that has passed through the extraction step is introduced into a fuel generation step in which fuel is generated from the gas; in the fuel generation step, a synthetic gas reformer, a separator based on a gas separation membrane, and a gas reformer/separator are provided; and the heat of the carbon dioxide of a heat-absorbing gas and the water vapor supplied in the fuel generation step and the heat of the exothermic reaction of the enriched oxygen generate hydrocarbon compounds and hydrogen fuel, enabling a self-supply of fuel without emitting CO₂ and NO_X.

Description

An engine system that continuously burns hydrogen and enriched oxygen air.

This is the technical field of engines that continuously burn hydrogen and enriched oxygen.

Steam reforming technology that reforms the greenhouse gas CO ₂ into fuel, dry reforming method, autothermal reforming method, direct contact partial oxidation method, etc. are technologies already in practical use,
Other technologies for reforming the greenhouse gas CO ₂ into fuel include atmospheric pressure from hydrogen and carbon dioxide produced by electrolysis of seawater in a group of Tohoku University Institute for Metal Research. The technology including the generation of methane at 300 ° C. and the invention of the catalyst used for the generation has been invented, but the electricity is generated by solar power generation in deserts such as the Middle East, and the carbon dioxide is Procured by transportation from countries that emit carbon dioxide (global carbon dioxide recycling).
Separation by gas membrane (eg polymer membrane separator, high-temperature gas membrane separator, metal separation membrane, etc.) is a common technique in the current technology alongside the cryogenic separation method and the adsorption separation method. The separation membrane systems are Monsanto, Dow, Separec, WR Grace, and in Japan, Ube Industries (each name is company name) has commercialized their own separation membrane systems. Some are integrated.

Patent 5967682 An engine that generates fuel by combustion of enriched oxygen air and fuel. Patent 4231735: Hydrogen separation by proton conductive ceramics. Patent No. 5660428 Heat-resistant coating material JP 2011-140605 Oxygen permeable electrolyte, production method thereof, and sulfonimide monomer. Method for producing mixed gas

An engine that continuously burns enriched oxygen and hydrogen separated from enriched oxygen from air, and devised a combustion chamber portion configured to withstand the combustion temperature at which the enriched oxygen and hydrogen are continuously burned, and exhaust gas after combustion There is a technique (for example, Patent Document 1) that generates hydrogen as fuel by reforming such as steam reforming.
* This application is based on this technology as a basic technology, and it is a matter that makes the ambiguous description of the above literature as clear as possible and further incorporates known technologies and derived technologies not described in Patent Document 1.

The proton-electron mixed conductive ceramic according to the present invention is a metal oxide having a perovskite structure, and when the sum of the molar ratios of the metals constituting this is 2, chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn) , Iron (Fe), cobalt (CO), nickel (Ni), ruthenium (Ru) in a molar ratio of 0.01 or more and 0.08 or less, and proton conductivity and It is characterized by having electron conductivity.
According to the present invention, protons and electrons are combined as conductive species in a high temperature region, and proton conductivity and electron conductivity are exhibited. There is a technique (for example, Patent Document 2) related to this which has been confirmed by a test.
It is used as a technique for separating the synthesis gas of the present application into hydrogen and carbon dioxide.

In a Ni-base superalloy member in which a coating material is applied to a Ni-based superalloy substrate, the coating material has a chemical composition that does not cause mutual diffusion at the substrate interface (referred to as an EQ coating material), and is in mass%. 0.2% or more and 15% or less of Pt (platinum) or / and Ir (iridium), Al of 2.9% or more and 16.0% or less, Cr of 19.6% or less, and Mo of 10.0% Below, W is 15.0% or less, Ta is 14.0% or less, Hf is 3.0% or less, Y is 0.1%, and the balance is composed of Ni and inevitable impurities. There is a characteristic technique (for example, Patent Document 3).
* It is also possible to use a coating technique as a heat-resistant material such as the endothermic structure means SC, the inner wall of the combustion chamber, and the rotational force extracting structure.

Provided are a high oxygen permeable electrolyte having a high softening temperature and excellent oxygen permeability and proton conductivity, a method for producing the same, and a sulfonimide monomer that can be used as a raw material for such a high oxygen permeable electrolyte. There is a technology (for example, Patent Document 4). This is a technique that can also be used in the present application.

There is a method for producing a mixed gas characterized in that dimethyl ether, methanol or methane is produced using a mixed gas obtained from a Fischer-Tropsch synthesizer (for example, Patent Document 5).
* For the synthesis of the synthesis gas of the present application, the reaction heat of the carbon monoxide and hydrogen synthesis gas or hydrocarbon compound (eg methane CH ₄ ) generator in the oxidation method of enriched oxygen and hydrocarbon compound (eg methane CH ₄ ) is used. It is a technique that can be incorporated into the present application as a technique that can absorb heat.

The biggest challenge to deal with global warming "CO _2", a reducing emissions, emissions of "NO _X" is to invent an engine mechanism constituting one method measures therefor,
1, "NO _X" by eliminating the nitrogen in the engine combustion process does not produce, nitrogen in the air when the hydrogen combustion process configuration of the engine to be continuously burned in enriched oxygen air enriched oxygen separation Since it is removed at the time of separation in step 1, it is configured so that NO _X is not discharged.
2. When the above hydrogen is continuously burned with enriched oxygen air, the center temperature of the combustion flame is approximately 2800 ° C., which is approximately 47% higher than when burned with air (approximately 1900 ° C. when burned with air). If the inner wall of the combustion chamber is directly exposed to high temperatures, the inner wall will not be present (beyond the strength limit). Therefore, a structure that can protect the inner wall of the combustion chamber even if hydrogen is continuously burned with enriched oxygen air is devised. It is a problem to do.
3. The steam reformer provided in the fuel generation process is reformed by steam reforming using the heat of exhaust gas containing steam and steam, water gas shift, or dry reforming, and at least one reform Using a reforming technique such as autothermal reforming or direct contact partial oxidation method using the heat of exothermic reaction of the enriched oxygen in addition to the mass path, and separation means (including membrane permeation technique), the monoxide is oxidized. The gas is reformed into carbon synthesis gas, and the synthesis gas is separated into hydrogen and carbon dioxide separately by a hydrogen separation means, and the gas is fed into a livestock gas tank to use hydrogen as fuel for the engine.

The first invention is an engine combustion process 2 of an engine that continuously burns the enriched oxygen and hydrogen separated in the oxygen separation process 1, and a water passage MH between the inner and outer walls of the combustion chamber portion NE of the combustion process 2 Water is introduced into the water passage from the water tank T4 through a water introduction pipe, and a plurality of injection nozzles TJ for injecting water in the water passage into the combustion chamber are provided on the inner wall 2U of the combustion chamber. The combustion chamber portion NE is provided with a fuel injection burner 2N for injecting and burning the hydrogen and hydrogenated oxygen, and a spark plug P for igniting the hydrogen and hydrogenated oxygen injected from the fuel injection burner, so as to incubate with the hydrogen. Oxygen is injected from a fuel injection burner, ignited by a spark plug, and continuously burned, by combustion of the enriched oxygen (supplied from the enriched oxygen tank via line 3) and hydrogen (supplied from the hydrogen tank via line 2) The endothermic structure SC that receives the direct heat of the combustion flame is replaced with the combustion chamber section. It is provided inside the wall 2U (with a gap), and the water is injected from the injection nozzle into the heat absorption structure means and the combustion chamber portion NE of the engine, and the heat absorption structure means (heat absorption structure) in the combustion chamber portion of the engine. The water sprayed onto the large-diameter surface of the part SC absorbs the heat of the heat absorbing structure means to turn the water into steam, and the water sprayed into the combustion chamber NE also absorbs the combustion heat in the combustion chamber. The water is converted into water vapor as cooling means and water vapor generation means in the combustion chamber, and the injected water is converted into water vapor and discharged into the exhaust gas flow path 5 together with the exhaust gas generated by the combustion of the enriched oxygen and hydrogen. An engine system that continuously burns hydrogen and enriched oxygen air is provided.
* The heat-absorbing structure means SC that receives the direct heat of the combustion flame of the fuel provided in the combustion chamber of the engine is made into a heat-resistant heat-absorbing structure material (for example, an alumina Al ₂ O ₃ alloy having a high heat conductivity and a high heat-resistant temperature is preferable). The endothermic structure means in the engine combustion chamber and the injection means for injecting water to the inner wall are both means for cooling the engine combustion chamber and the means for generating water vapor. This is a new technology that can devise an engine that can protect the inner wall of the combustion chamber even if it is allowed.
The second invention changes the water injection direction from the water injection nozzle in place of the heat absorption structure SC provided inside the combustion chamber inner wall 2U of the engine and injects it on the combustion side inner surface of the combustion chamber inner wall. Then, it serves as a cooling means for the combustion side inner surface of the inner wall of the combustion chamber, and water is injected into the inner wall surface of the combustion chamber portion and the combustion chamber from the water injection nozzle MJ whose water injection direction has been changed. The injected water absorbs the heat of the inner wall surface to become water vapor, and the water injected into the combustion chamber NE cools the heat of the combustion gas in the combustion chamber to become water vapor, which is injected onto the inner wall surface of the combustion chamber. Engine system for continuous combustion of hydrogen and enriched oxygen air, characterized in that it is discharged into the exhaust gas flow path 5 together with the exhaust gas produced by combustion of the steam generated above and the enriched oxygen and hydrogen. To do.
In a third aspect of the invention, carbon dioxide is introduced into the combustion chamber from a carbon dioxide tank (in lines 21 and 25) in addition to the hydrogen and the enriched oxygen supplied to the combustion step 2, or the above-mentioned communication is performed. The combustion chamber of the engine is either introduced into the water channel MH from the water tank 22 through the pipe 22 that joins the water introduction pipe 4 or supplied directly from the carbon dioxide tank to the fuel generation step 4 through the pipe 23. The carbon dioxide is supplied from the section NE to the fuel generation process 4 and is reformed to either synthesis gas (CO + H ₂ ) or hydrocarbon compound in the fuel generation process. An engine system that continuously burns hydrogen and enriched oxygen air according to the first or second invention is provided.
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, a rotational force extraction step 3 is provided in the exhaust gas flow path of the combustion step 2 by a flow force direction changing means for converting the exhaust gas flow force into a rotational force, and the exhaust gas discharged from the combustion step is The rotating blade body (including the stationary blades, moving blades, and steam turbine blades of the gas turbine) of the fluid force direction changing means is rotated by the exhaust gas flow force that flows through the rotating force extracting step 3 and flows out as the rotating force. The engine that continuously burns hydrogen and enriched oxygen air according to the first or second invention, wherein the extracted rotational force is used as a driving force of equipment (transport equipment, generator, etc.) Provide a system.
According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, the fuel generation step 4 is provided in an exhaust gas passage that has flowed through the engine rotational force extraction step 3. The fuel generation step 4 includes steam reforming, water gas shift, or dry reforming. In one or more of the reforming paths, the hydrocarbon compound is either steam or endothermic carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas, hydrogen and carbon monoxide synthesis gas or carbon dioxide (or hydrocarbon compound) Is provided with reforming means for reforming, and the gas generated by the reforming means is taken out as hydrogen or carbon dioxide (any of hydrocarbon compounds) by the gas reforming separation means, and the extracted hydrogen and carbon dioxide And the above enriched oxygen, synthesis gas (hydrogen and carbon monoxide) and the hydrocarbon compound of the reformer can be separated from livestock gas tanks (hydrogen tank T1, hatched oxygen tank T2, carbon dioxide tank T3, hydrocarbonation) The first to fourth aspects of the invention are characterized in that a waste tank T5 and a synthesis gas (hydrogen and carbon monoxide) tank T6) are provided to store livestock gas, and water is further stored in the water tank T4. An engine system for producing fuel by combustion of enriched oxygen air and fuel is provided.
A sixth invention is an embodiment of the above-described engine, which is provided as a combustion chamber portion in the form of a donut-shaped cylindrical gas turbine provided with a rotation shaft in the center of the combustion chamber portion NE of the engine. The injection nozzle further compresses the enriched oxygen upstream (compression blade DY, stationary blade SY, etc.) to compress the enriched oxygen and supply it to the combustion chamber to burn the fuel and the intake air. The turbine blades are rotated by the gas of the water vapor generation means by the water injection from the gas and the exhaust gas by the combustion of the fuel, and the rotational force of the turbine blades is used as the driving force of the transportation equipment or the power generation power of the generator An engine system that continuously burns enriched oxygen air and fuel according to the first to fifth aspects of the invention is provided.

Supplementary description of the first invention, (oxygen enrichment means)
* Oxygen enrichment means for separating and removing nitrogen N ₂ from the air atmosphere.
Gas membrane separation {eg, prism separator (Monsanto), prism alpha gas (Monsanto) PV (pervaporation), etc.} is common in the current technology along with cryogenic separation and adsorption separation. The separation membrane system is Monsanto, Dow, Separec, WR Grace, and in Japan, Ube Industries (all company names) have commercialized their own separation membrane systems.
* The principle configuration of membrane separation that separates gases is a material that is separated by the relative permeation rate of the gas to be separated.
Fast gas easily permeates through the membrane wall, exits to the side port, and slow gas is difficult to permeate through the membrane wall, so it moves inside the hollow fiber and is discharged from the outlet And
The early gas includes H ₂ O, H ₂ , H ₂ S, CO ₂ , and O ₂ , and the slow gas includes Ar, CO ₃ , N ₂ , and CH ₄ .
Operating pressure 8 to 150 Kg / Cm ² G (some are possible at pressures below 8 Kg / cm ² )
Enriched oxygen gas purity is 97% to less than 100% (in the range where NOx is not discharged even when burned)
The condition is that the gas to be separated has a pressure, and the driving force of the separation membrane system is the use of a pressure difference.
As the compressor, any of an axial flow type, a reciprocating type, a screw type, a rotary type, a scroll type, etc. can be used.

Supplementary description of the first invention, (theory about intake)
* The calorific value required when water evaporates is 9,7 kcal per mol (100 ° C)
On the earth about 3% 1.4 billion Km water exists S that 97% of ³ seawater is freshwater.
* Air-fuel ratio If 850CC air is required for 1CC gasoline and oxygen-enriched air is used, 165CC oxygen can be used and 660CC nitrogen and 25CC argon mixed gas will be separated, and nitrogen and argon mixed gas Is a theoretical amount released to the atmosphere, and if this argon is also separated livestock gas, it can be used as a valuable gas. 165/850 is 19%, and the handling structure of nitrogen and argon is unnecessary, and if the engine has a displacement of 2000 CC, the same output is theoretically obtained with an engine with a displacement of 400 CC.

First invention supplement (water vapor generating means)
* In the configuration using the enriched oxygen air of the present application, steam that can be used for reforming uses both steam generated by combustion of hydrogen and steam generated by steam generating means in the engine. In the steam generating means, a direct heat receiving body (heat absorbing structure means SC) for receiving the direct heat of the fuel in the engine combustion chamber is provided with an interval in the direction of the inner center of the inner wall of the combustion chamber (see FIG. 1). A plurality of injection nozzles TJ for injecting water or hot water are provided on the wall of the combustion chamber, and the water is injected from the injection nozzle TJ to the outer surface of the heat absorbing structure means (in the large-diameter direction) and into the combustion chamber of the engine. The water injected into the endothermic structure means in the chamber absorbs the heat of the endothermic structure means SC to convert the water into water vapor, and the water injected into the combustion chamber NE also contains the combustion heat (exhaust gas of the exhaust gas). Heat) to absorb the water It is configured to generate a large amount of water vapor, and the center temperature of the combustion flame is increased by 47% (calculated value) by combustion of enriched oxygen air, so a large number of steam reformers and endothermic reformers are provided. Furthermore, the heat of oxidation (exothermic reaction) such as autothermal reforming method (ATR) KG4 and direct contact partial oxidation method (D-CPOX) KG5 can be used for the enriched oxygen separated by the oxygen separator 1A. Therefore, it can produce a lot of hydrogen.
* Since the total energy of combustion gas is proportional to the product of gas flow rate and its temperature, it is a steam generation means that generates exhaust gas with increased combustion temperature by combustion of hydrogen and enriched oxygen, and further turns water into steam. The gas flow rate is increased both with the generated water vapor, and the total energy amount of the combustion gas is increased by the thermal energy obtained by the exothermic reaction of oxygen.
* The heat-resistant structure in the combustion chamber of the heat-resistant heat-absorbing structure engine of the heat-absorbing structure means SC described in the first invention is, for example, tungsten W, hafnium Hf, ceramics, alumina Al ₂ O _3, titanium Ti, nickel Ni, or tungsten W, hafnium Hf, ceramics, alumina, titanium, nickel compounds, or heat-resistant metals (for example, nickel) coated with titanium or ceramics (evaporation) are also possible,
As the heat resistant (endothermic) structural material, for example, alumina Al ₂ O ₃ having a high thermal conductivity and a high heat resistant temperature is preferable. Therefore, the heat resistant structure can be made of alumina.
For example, Nishimura Ceramics (company name) uses alumina Al ₂ O ₃ as the main material and manufactures products with heat transfer (heat conductivity 39 W / m · K) and heat resistance (1500 ° C) depending on the application. You can also use the product.

Supplementary description of the first invention, (cooling means for the combustion section)
* Cooling structure in the combustion chamber of the engine, a water passage MH is provided between the inner and outer walls of the engine combustion portion, water is introduced into the water passage, and combustion is performed from a plurality of injection nozzles TJ provided on the inner wall of the combustion portion. Water or hot water is injected into the room to absorb the combustion heat of the fuel in the engine combustion chamber NE, and the heat-resistant structure SC as a primary heat receiving portion of the inner wall of the engine combustion chamber is spaced from the inner wall of the combustion chamber inner wall. Opened (see FIG. 1), either water or hot water is injected into the heat-resistant structure (heat-absorbing structure means SC), and the water injected into the heat-absorbing structure means SC absorbs heat in the combustion section. The water jetted into the combustion chamber portion absorbs the heat of the combustion gas in the combustion chamber to become water vapor and serves as cooling means for cooling the combustion chamber portion inner wall and the combustion chamber portion.
* This cooling structure uses air to cool the combustion part of the jet turbo engine, and the air is discharged into the combustion chamber from a number of holes. As a cooling (heat-resistant) means.
In the present application, water is used instead of the air, and the water is cooled by the water vapor absorbed by the water, and the water vapor is utilized as the water vapor for fuel generation. (The same applies to cooling of moving blades and stationary blades of gas turbine engines.)
* In the combustion of enriched oxygen air and hydrogen, the center temperature of the combustion flame is about 2800 ° C, and in the combustion of air (inside oxygen) and hydrogen, the center temperature of the combustion flame is about 1900 ° C and 47% due to the use of enriched oxygen air An engine using enriched oxygen air and an engine using air (of which oxygen), which increase the center temperature of the combustion flame to a certain extent, can calculate 47% more of either the reformer or the hydrogen separation means.

Supplementary description of the second invention, (cooling means for the combustion section)
* A cooling structure in the combustion chamber portion of the engine, which is provided with a plurality of water injection nozzles MJ in which the water injection direction of the water injection nozzle TJ is changed in place of the heat-resistant structure portion SC, and the injection nozzle MJ burns the water. The water injected into the inner wall surface of the chamber and the combustion chamber, and the water injected into the inner wall surface absorbs the heat of the inner wall surface to become water vapor, and the water injected into the combustion chamber NE is the heat of the combustion gas in the combustion chamber Is absorbed into water vapor to serve as a cooling means for the inner wall surface of the combustion chamber and the combustion chamber NE, so that the combustion chamber can be enriched by providing the injection nozzle MJ without providing the heat-resistant structure SC. The engine combustion process 2 is capable of withstanding continuous combustion of oxygenated oxygen and hydrogen.

In order to prevent the carbon dioxide CO ₂ produced in the fuel production process from being discharged into the atmosphere, the carbon dioxide produced in the fuel production process 4 and stored in the livestock gas tank T3 is stored in the engine. A supply means for supplying carbon dioxide from any one of the combustion chamber portion NE (combustion step 2) to the fuel generation step 4 is provided and separated and reformed in the fuel generation step 4 or synthesized in an intermediate step of the fuel generation step From the hydrogen livestock gas tank T1 and the carbon dioxide livestock gas tank T3 which are separated into the livestock gas tank for separating the gas containing carbon dioxide by the separation reformer BR to the reformers KG (KG1 to KG5) in the fuel production process in emission reduction technique that dwell as any means or feed to be modified by the reformer KG in reforming syngas CO + H ₂ or a hydrocarbon compound does not emit carbon dioxide into the atmosphere That.
In the present application, the gas containing carbon dioxide CO ₂ separated and reformed in the fuel production step 4 (enriched oxygen, hydrogen, synthesis gas (CO + H ₂ )) is passed through the livestock gas tank, but the livestock gas tank is fed with livestock gas to produce the fuel. Since there is a merit that the required amount can be supplied to the reformer, it is possible to have a configuration that does not pass the livestock gas tank, although it passes through the livestock gas tank

A supplementary description of the third invention is a rotational force extraction step 3 for extracting exhaust flow force as rotational force, but a structure for extracting fluid (water, water vapor, combustion gas) in a substantially linear direction as rotational force is a dam. Technology that changes the water flow force such as water flow force from the river, tidal current, and agricultural waterway hydrodynamic force, and steam engine (using the pressure of water vapor to make the piston reciprocating the rotational force) Prime movers) and turbines (the prime movers that rotate the impellers by blowing combustion gas and water vapor, and the high temperature and high pressure gas that is burned by mixing the fuel with the compressed air of the gas turbines and driving the turbine shaft) In this application, the basic shape of a wing body (rotational force conversion means for converting to rotational force) that is a common sense (known technique) is taken up as an example. Flow through the rotational force extraction process 3 Since exhaust gas and water vapor are at a high temperature of at least 600 ° C., heat-resistant structure means (for example, processing a ceramic coating or the like on nickel alloy) is provided if necessary, or the water in the water passage MH is introduced into the rotational force extracting step 3 The cooling means for the rotational force conversion means can be obtained by spraying the rotary blade body 3a from 5a.

Supplementary description of the fourth invention The fuel generation step 4 is provided in the exhaust gas flow path that has flowed through the rotational force extraction step 3 of the engine, and the fuel generation step 4 includes the wealth separated by the oxygen separator 1A. Oxygen and water vapor generated in the engine combustion process, or water vapor and endothermic carbon dioxide or carbon dioxide and hydrocarbon compounds (if necessary, water stored in a water storage tank) are supplied. The supply material is either steam reforming, water gas shift, or dry reforming, and one or both of water vapor in the exhaust gas and carbon dioxide of the endothermic gas are hydrogenated. And generating means for generating at least one of synthesis gas of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide or hydrocarbon compounds, and the gas generated by the generating means is converted into hydrogen and carbon dioxide by gas reforming separation means. A said fuel generation step 4 to take out separated into either hydrogen compound,
* Steam reforming is an endothermic reaction in which hydrocarbon reacts with steam and has the feature that the hydrogen concentration in the product gas can be increased.
CnHm + nH ₂ O → nCO + (n + m / 2) H ₂
For example, the reforming reaction formula using methane CH ₄ as the material to be reformed is
CH ₄ + H ₂ O⇔CO + 3H ₂
In the steam reforming reaction when the hydrocarbon compound is methane, CmHn + mH ₂ O → (m + n / 2) H ₂ + mCO ·· or CH ₄ + CO ₂ → 2H ₂ + 2CO When a reforming path for lowering the reforming temperature is provided downstream of the reforming path and the reaction is performed again with exhaust heat while changing the ratio of H ₂ and CO, 3H ₂ + CO → CH ₄ + H ₂ O can also be used (the above reforming catalyst is used for reforming)
When the material to be modified is dimethyl ether, if the dimethyl ether is brought into contact with the catalyst together with either water vapor or carbon dioxide,
A. CH ₃ OCH ₃ + H ₂ O (water vapor) → 2CO + 4H ₂ → 48.9 kal / mol
B. CH ₃ OCH ₃ + CO ₂ (carbon dioxide) → 3CO + 3H ₂ → 58.8 kal / mol
A + B is approximately 1600kJ / moi
The reaction temperature is 200 to 500 ° C., preferably 250 to 450 ° C., and the reaction pressure is preferably normal pressure to 10 kg / cm ² .
Also, by changing the conditions of the reforming catalyst, etc., carbon dioxide and hydrogen of the following formula can be obtained.
C. CH ₃ OCH ₃ + 3H ₂ O → 2CO ₂ + 6H ₂ → 29.3 kal / mol
The amount of heat when 1 mol of dimethyl ether is burned is about 1300 kJ / moi
* Methane steam reforming CH ₄ + H ₂ O → 3H ₂ + CO Reforming temperature 650-800 ° C
A part of CO in the above formula further reacts with water vapor and shift reaction CO + H ₂ O → CO ₂ + H ₂
Combustion heat per 1moi of hydrogen 285.8kj / mol

Supplementary description of the first invention (carbon dioxide reforming)
* Carbon dioxide reforming is a feature of technology that extracts a mixed gas of hydrogen (H ₂ ) and carbon monoxide (CO) by bringing a hydrocarbon compound (for example, dimethyl ether) into contact with a catalyst together with a carbon dioxide and steam reformer. By incorporating Kaihei 11-106770 into the present application and using carbon dioxide as fuel for the engine, it is intended to further improve greenhouse gas emissions by improving fuel efficiency.
* This application is a configuration exemplifying steam reforming, but known syngas production methods include the steam reforming method, the dry reforming method, the partial oxidation method, the autothermal reforming method, etc. Instead of the steam reforming method, the synthesis gas generation method described above can be adopted.
* Autothermal {Self-thermal reforming}
A system that generates hydrogen through both partial oxidation and steam reforming reactions.
The partial oxidation method is an exothermic reaction and does not require external heating, and if oxygen-enriched air is used as an additive, the start-up time until reaching a predetermined temperature can be shortened.
A method in which a hydrocarbon compound and oxygen O ₂ are reacted to produce water vapor (steam) and carbon dioxide CO ₂ , and a reforming reaction between the hydrocarbon compound and steam and CO ₂ is performed on the catalyst using reaction heat.
(Auto thermal reforming)
CH ₄ + 2O ₂ → CO ₂ + 2H ₂ O (ΔH ₂₉₈ = −802 kj / mol (4)
There is also a problem that temperature controllability is difficult compared to steam reforming.
For example, a reforming reaction formula using methane CH ₄ as a material to be reformed CH ₄ + H ₂ O ₃ H ₂ + CO (1)
CO + H ₂ O⇔H ₂ + CO ₂ (2) Secondary that occurs during the reaction of the shift reaction (1) * As the steam reforming catalyst, for example, a known catalyst such as a nickel-based catalyst may be used.・ Reforming temperature 650 ~ 800 ℃
* Dry reforming (CO ₂ reforming) method
For example, a reforming reaction CH ₄ + CO ₂ ⇔2H ₂ + 2CO using methane CH ₄ as a reformed substance in a reaction with a large endothermic reaction (3)
When the reaction of the formula (3) occurs, the interpretation of the formula (2) occurs as a secondary. * As another modification, a direct catalytic partial oxidation method (D-CPOX · Direct-Catalytic Partial Oxidation)
A hydrocarbon compound is reacted with about half of the stoichiometric amount of oxygen to stop the oxidation reaction and produce H ₂ and CO. For example, a reforming reaction formula CH ₄ + 0.5O ₂ → 2H ₂ + CO (ΔH ₂₉₈ = −36 kj / mol) using methane CH ₄ as a material to be reformed (5)
Compared with the above-mentioned autothermal reforming method (ATR), the above method can be expected to be compact, with the reactor size being about 1/10 to 1/100, so it can be expected to be installed in a limited space such as on board.
* In addition to the above, techniques for synthesizing synthesis gas are disclosed (disclosed), and the disclosed techniques can also be used.

Supplementary description of the fourth invention Polyimide, polyamide, polysulfone, etc. are industrially proven in membrane separation of hydrogen separated by a separation membrane. Palladium Pd metal thin film BR2
The metal palladium film only transmits hydrogen molecules. That is, hydrogen molecules are atomized on the film surface to become protons (H ⁺ ) and electrons (e), which diffuse through the film, recombine on the film surface, and are molecularized and separated. Hydrogen can be separated by heating the capillary tube to 300 ° C. to 500 ° C. This membrane is suitable for producing high-purity hydrogen.
・ High temperature hydrogen gas separation membrane (ceramics) BR3
There is a high-temperature hydrogen gas separation membrane system of about 700 ° C. For example, for high-temperature gas separation that separates and extracts hydrogen from synthesis gas of hydrogen and carbon monoxide reformed by steam reforming reformed at 600 ° C to 1000 ° C. Is suitable.
The reforming in the reformer KG of the present application may be replaced with the separation membrane (if conditions such as gas temperature, pressure, and purity of the permeated gas are met).
* Separation by proton conductive ceramic tube Proton conductive ceramics have heat resistance according to the combustion temperature and have continuous vents that allow the passage of combustion gas, such as strontium serate-based and zirconate-based belogskite oxide ceramics, etc. The proton conductive ceramic has an action of activating hydrogen and oxygen, and is particularly advantageous for separating and removing synthesis gas from hydrogen and carbon dioxide.
As an example, the proton conductive ceramic of the present application may be a proton-electron mixed conductive ceramic that has both proton conductivity and electron conductivity and can permeate hydrogen.
This oxide is stable even at high temperatures, and exhibits good proton conductivity particularly at 400 to 700 ° C.
-In Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2008-302334, chemical reaction such as reforming reaction, partial oxidation reaction, decomposition reaction, etc. using oxygen-containing hydrocarbon as main raw material gas and water (steam), carbon dioxide, oxygen etc. as auxiliary raw material gas Is a reactor that separates and extracts hydrogen from a mixed gas by a selective permeable membrane (for example, a palladium alloy membrane) that can selectively permeate hydrogen after generating a mixed gas containing hydrogen. This is a permselective membrane reactor (also referred to as a membrane reactor) capable of performing reaction and selective separation simultaneously. * Also, in the description of JP-A-2006-298664, a porous support and oxygen ions formed thereon A membrane reactor using a three-layered reaction structure comprising a dense layer made of an electron mixed conductive solid electrolyte and a catalyst layer formed on the dense layer, Solid electrolyte membrane type for supplying high-purity oxygen gas, characterized in that the gas to be treated mainly containing hydrocarbons is supplied to the catalyst layer surface and the high-purity oxygen gas is supplied to the surface of the porous support. There is also a description of the reactor.
By adopting the above membrane reactor, the reforming reaction and separation by permeation become an integrated device, which contributes to downsizing of the device and can be mounted on a moving body such as an automobile. If development of a device that integrates reforming with a chemical reaction and separation of the reformed product (gas) proceeds, it will be a device to which the engine of the present application is applied, contributing to the downsizing of the device and to moving bodies such as automobiles. If the development of an apparatus that integrates reforming with chemical reaction as described above and separation of the reformed product (gas) is advanced, the scope of application of the engine of the present application will be expanded.

Supplementary description of the fourth invention (technology using fuel as synthesis gas)
* In the description of the reformed gas supply device of a fuel reformed gas engine, JP 2002-039022 A
A hydrocarbon-based fuel is reformed into a reformed gas by a reformer having a catalyst or the like, and the reformed gas is supplied to an engine by a reformed gas supply device to operate the engine. Since the fuel supplied to this engine is a reformed gas mainly composed of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, the lean combustion limit is high, stable engine operation is possible even in a lean region, low NO _x , High efficiency can be achieved at the same time,
This is a technology that can use synthesis gas as fuel instead of hydrogen of the present application, and the synthesis gas can also be used as fuel.

Supplement to the fourth invention (reformer installation example)
* For example, the reformers KG4 and KG5 that are provided with the steam reformer KG1 and the CO ₂ reforming KG2 in the synthesis gas reformer KG at the upstream portion in the fuel generation process 4 to cause an exothermic reaction by supplying oxygen By arranging adjacent (parallel) or exothermic reaction reforming on the outside and endothermic reforming on the inside, it is possible to increase the temperature of the water vapor that has been absorbed by heat and to decrease the temperature (maintain the temperature long).
The synthesis gas reformer KG H ₂ that of H ₂ in the generated H _{2 +} CO were separated and separated by the separator by the gas separator in the other CO was then slaughtered gas separation to slaughter gas tank provided with a slaughtering gas tank slaughtering It is a preferable reformer installation form to take the form of gas or take the form of direct introduction into the gas reforming separator KB and separation into hydrogen and carbon dioxide and livestock gas tank.
In order to mount the fuel generation step 4 on a small moving body such as an automobile, the use range of the engine of the present application can be expanded if the direct contact partial oxidation method KG5 or the membrane reactor KB2 is used.

Supplement to the fourth invention (example of setting up a fuel generation process)
Since the engine of the present application uses enriched oxygen from which nitrogen has been removed, a structure for handling nitrogen is not required, so the engine can be made to have an engine volume of at least about 1/3 of that of a conventional gas turbine engine. When the reaction time is required in the fuel generation process, or when it is desired to increase the amount of reformed gas at the same time, it can be configured to have a plurality of fuel generation processes. A later reformer using exhaust gas at 150 ° C. to 300 ° C. can be provided separately.

Supplement to the fourth invention (Means for separating and collecting water)
When the gas produced by the above fuel production process contains water vapor and when the exhaust gas discarded to the atmosphere contains water, a water membrane separator (see FIG. 9) is provided to separate and recover the water consumption. As a means to reduce the amount.

A hydrocarbon compound synthesizer (a catalyst is confronted) is provided in the synthetic fuel production process 4 of the hydrocarbon compound, and the gas of the hydrocarbon compound synthesized material (enriched oxygen, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, monoxide) produced by the engine of the present application Carbon and synthesis gas (hydrogen + carbon monoxide) water vapor) are introduced into the hydrocarbon compound synthesizer to synthesize a hydrocarbon compound.
For example, when the hydrocarbon compound is dimethyl ether CH ₃ OCH ₃ , the hydrocarbon compound synthesizer (a catalyst is opposed to the catalyst) is provided, and the gas generated by the engine of the present application is introduced into the hydrocarbon compound synthesizer, and the hydrocarbon Dimethyl ether can be synthesized in a compound synthesizer.
It is represented by the formula 3H ₂ + 3CO → CH ₃ OCH ₃ + CO ₂ .
** Many techniques for synthesizing the hydrocarbon compound dimethyl ether have been disclosed, most of which are carried out by the following reactions.
2H ₂ + CO → CH ₃ OH (1)
2CH ₃ OH → CH ₃ OCH ₃ + H ₂ O (2)
CO + H ₂ O → H ₂ + CO ₂ (3)
As a synthesis method of dimethyl ether, there are an indirect method and a direct method. In the indirect method, dimethyl ether is synthesized by the above reaction formulas (1) and (2). On the other hand, in the direct method, the reactions of the above reaction formulas (1) to (3) occur simultaneously. The reactions represented by the above reaction formulas (1) to (3) can be summarized as the following reaction formula (4).
3H ₂ + 3CO → CH ₃ OCH ₃ + CO ₂ (4)
From the above reaction formula (4), the higher the hydrogen and carbon monoxide concentrations in the synthesis of dimethyl ether, the higher the yield of dimethyl ether is described in JP 2009-242248 dimethyl ether production method and production apparatus.
* In this application, carbon monoxide is a ceramic membrane based on a repeating structure mainly composed of Si—N bonds that separates hydrogen from hydrogen synthesized from steam reformed KG1 at 700 ° C. to 900 ° C. and synthesis gas of carbon monoxide ( A livestock gas tank is provided with a livestock gas tank that separates hydrogen using JP-A-2002-187706 (described in a high-temperature compatible membrane reformer) and stocks off carbon monoxide, which is the OFF gas after separation. In addition, hydrogen and carbon monoxide can be supplied to the steam reformer KG1 for carbon dioxide and the required amount of dimethyl ether can be supplied as needed. Therefore, the amount of reforming loss can be replenished, and the hydrocarbon compound can be synthesized in the fuel generation step. Therefore, the engine of the present application can be an engine having “water H ₂ O” as the main fuel.

Supplementary description of the livestock gas tank Although the livestock gas tank of the present invention is mounted on a transporting device, the tank does not need a 35 MPa high-pressure hydrogen gas storage tank, and is a gas generated by the engine. A tank having a pressure of about 1 MPa at the most is preferable, as long as it is a tank that can at least (minimum) function of the fuel necessary for the engine reforming path to function normally (corresponding to warm-up operation).
It is also a damage prevention means to prevent tank damage. For example, one or more tanks are combined into a single package, and shock-absorbing materials such as foamed polyethylene and boron fiber reinforced plastic are fixed and held on the top of the vehicle. The tank separating means is fixed to the fixture fixed to the upper part of the vehicle with the fixed holding fixture, and the tank separating means concentrates the V-shaped notch when an impact is applied to the fixture. It breaks due to stress, and the shock-absorbing material inclusion body (in which the tank support is integrated) is disengaged from the fixture (it does not fly off completely, but is locked to the fixture, etc. with a wire, etc.) (This is a preferable mode because it is a measure for avoiding secondary damage in which the shock absorbing material package is completely detached), and is a damage prevention means for preventing damage to the tank or a vehicle in the event of a collision. Tank It is characterized in that either one or both of tank separating means for separating the tank from the placing portion is provided, and further, the non-stationary equipment for the livestock gas means ( For example, it is preferable that the livestock gas tank is mounted on the upper body of the car, mounted on the chassis of the truck, or attached to the non-stationary equipment. However, in the case of stationary equipment (for example, a power plant), if it is not composed of the structure and materials within the safety standards (in Japan, the registration of JIS B 8265 has been completed and there is ISO 16528 internationally) Therefore, the non-stationary livestock gas tank and the livestock gas tank of the stationary equipment (for example, chemical factory) are within the safety standards or at least the elements that can change the safety standards. Therefore, non-stationary equipment (eg automobile) livestock gas tanks and stationary equipment (eg chemical factories) livestock gas tanks have the same function of storing gas (structure) Is completely different.

A hydrogen gas storage tank generated from the engine is installed at the top of the moving body, and either an impact buffer (fired polyethylene, boron fiber reinforced plastic, etc.) is fixed to the storage tank, or either a coating or a multilayered structure is fixed. Or a gas storage tank that is fixed to the gas storage tank in a comprehensive manner to prevent rupture and explosion in the event of a car wreck.
Under current regulations (in Japan, registration of JIS B 8265 has been completed and internationally there is ISO 16528) CFRP for transportation (tank with high-density polyethylene liner reinforced with glass fiber or carbon fiber on the entire surface) ) Since the container has a pressure of up to a capacity of 35 MPa, it is necessary to relax regulations in order to utilize the container. (Japan Industrial Gas Association, hydrogen gas container standards)

The structure of the livestock gas tank can be mounted on a moving body (which may be in a fixed form). For example, H ₂ + CO synthesis gas is generated by the reformer in the fuel generation step 4 and reformed into a hydrocarbon compound in the next step. This is a problem when the H ₂ / CO ratio supplied to the reformer (or used as fuel) is different, and the H ₂ + CO synthesis gas produced there is fed into the livestock gas tank and then separated into gases. The hydrogen separated by the membrane (BR2, BR3) or separated into hydrogen and carbon dioxide by the gas reforming separator (KB1, for example, proton conductive ceramic tube reformer) is separated into the hydrogen livestock gas tank T1. reformer proper H _{2 /} CO ratio in amount of hydrogen slaughter gas tank T1 and coal dioxide reforming the hydrocarbon compound by a configuration in which slaughter gas into carbon dioxide slaughter gas tank T3 is It can be supplied from both or one of the carbon dioxide slaughter gas tank T3 is

The biggest challenge is the reduction of CO ₂ emissions to cope with global warming. By using enriched oxygen air, the engine does not emit nitrogen oxides “NO _X ” and carbon dioxide, which is a challenge, is reduced. By reforming it into fuel, it was possible to use it as an engine for greenhouse gas emission reduction measures that constitute one of the challenges for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. This is the greatest effect.
Supplementary description of the second invention, (cooling means for the combustion section)
* A cooling structure in the combustion chamber portion of the engine, which is provided with a plurality of water injection nozzles MJ in which the water injection direction of the water injection nozzle TJ is changed in place of the heat-resistant structure portion SC, and the injection nozzle MJ burns the water. The water injected into the inner wall surface of the chamber and the combustion chamber, and the water injected into the inner wall surface absorbs the heat of the inner wall surface to become water vapor, and the water injected into the combustion chamber NE is the heat of the combustion gas in the combustion chamber Is absorbed into water vapor to serve as a cooling means for the inner wall surface of the combustion chamber and the combustion chamber NE, so that the combustion chamber can be enriched by providing the injection nozzle MJ without providing the heat-resistant structure SC. The engine combustion process 2 is capable of withstanding continuous combustion of oxygenated oxygen and hydrogen.

1. An endothermic structure means SC that receives direct heat from a combustion flame generated by the combustion of the enriched oxygen and hydrogen is provided at an interval toward the inner center of the combustion chamber inner wall 2U, and water is injected into the endothermic structure means SC. As a result, the heat absorbing structure means was cooled and the injected water could be converted to water vapor, and an engine that continuously burns hydrogen with enriched oxygen air could be obtained.
2. A plurality of water injection nozzles MJ in which the water injection direction of the water injection nozzle TJ is changed in place of the endothermic structure means SC that receives the direct heat of the combustion flame due to the combustion of the enriched oxygen and hydrogen are provided in the combustion chamber section. It was possible to be a cooling means.

3. The generation of water vapor by the combustion of enriched oxygen and hydrogen and the endothermic structure means SC according to the

above items

1 and 2, and water is injected into the combustion chamber so that the water vapor (the center temperature of the flame F is increased by 47%) It was possible to increase the production of hydrogen. This was able to increase the production of hydrogen.

4. Since nitrogen (about 80% in the air) is not taken in, the combustion chamber portion can be made smaller (at least about 1/3).

5. Further, a hydrocarbon compound generation reformer for generating a hydrocarbon compound as a reforming material in the steam reformer may be provided to generate the hydrocarbon compound (for example, methane CH ₄ , dimethyl ether CH ₃ OCH _3, etc.). As a result, the hydrocarbon compound was not replenished (or reduced).

6. This is an effective measure to reduce greenhouse gas CO ₂ emissions under the Paris Agreement in 2016 to “zero” in the second half of this century.

Each dimensional relationship in the drawings is enlarged for important portions, exaggerated where details are difficult to understand, and reduced when describing wide portions or portions that are less important in the present invention. Thus, the dimensions between and within the drawings are not proportional, and are not actual or scaled.
If the distance between the lines is narrow, it is likely to become a single line that is black and thick at the scanning stage. Therefore, the distance between the lines is widened or described with a single line.
Furthermore, parts other than the basic (main) mechanism of the present invention are omitted between the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration flow diagram of an engine combustion process in which hydrogen (H ₂ ) is burned continuously (can be intermittent) with enriched oxygen (O ₂ ), and nitrogen is separated from air in the engine combustion process 2. An oxygen separation device 1A for removal is provided, and the oxygen separation device includes an air compressor and a separation device that separates air into enriched oxygen and nitrogen {for example, a membrane separation membrane (FIG. 9A)}. It is provided with a livestock gas tank T1 for livestock gas, hydrogen is supplied from the livestock gas tank to the fuel injection burner 2N through the enriched oxygen introduction pipe 3, and hydrogen is introduced from a hydrogen livestock gas tank T2 which stores livestock hydrogen as fuel. The fuel is supplied to the fuel injection burner through the pipe 2, and hydrogen and enriched oxygen of the fuel injected from the combustion burner into the combustion chamber NE are ignited by the spark plug 2P and continuously burned, and exhaust gas ( Most are water vapor) Is discharged from the exhaust port 5.
A water passage MH is provided between the inner and outer walls (between 2G and 2U) of the engine combustion process (outer body), and water is introduced into the water passage MH from the water tank T4 through the water introduction pipe 4 to the water passage MH. The combustion chamber inner wall 2U is provided with a plurality of injection nozzles TJ for injecting water in the water passage into the combustion chamber, and receives heat directly from the combustion flame caused by the continuous combustion of the enriched oxygen and hydrogen. SC is provided at intervals toward the inner center of the inner wall of the combustion chamber, and serves as a protection means for the combustion chamber wall surface (combustion temperature) by combustion of hydrogen and enriched oxygen, and the water is absorbed from the injection nozzle TJ to the heat absorption structure means. The water injected into the large-diameter surface of the SC and the combustion chamber portion of the engine and injected into the endothermic structure means in the combustion chamber portion of the engine absorbs the heat of the endothermic structure means SC and turns the water into water vapor. The water sprayed into the room NE is also The combustion heat (heat of exhaust gas) in the firing chamber is absorbed to convert the water into steam, which serves as a cooling means and steam generation means in the combustion chamber. The injected water becomes steam and the enriched oxygen and hydrogen The combustion process 2 of the engine which carries out continuous combustion of hydrogen and enriched oxygen air currently discharged | emitted to the exhaust-gas flow path 5 with the exhaust gas produced | generated by this combustion. (It is also possible to provide a water passage in the endothermic structure means and inject water from the endothermic structure means to serve as a cooling means for the combustion chamber.)

FIG. 2 shows the direct combustion of the combustion flame F on the combustion side inner surface of the inner wall of the combustion chamber NE in place of the endothermic structure means SC which receives the direct heat of the combustion flame by continuous combustion of enriched oxygen and hydrogen shown in FIG. The heat-resistant means is provided with heat-resistant means capable of withstanding heat, and the heat-resistant means indicates the injection direction of the plurality of injection nozzles TJ for injecting water in the water passage into the combustion chamber portion (inner combustion side inner surface of the inner wall of the combustion chamber portion NE ( 2C) and the nozzle angle of the nozzle is set to be a nozzle MJ that is injected to the combustion side inner surface of the inner wall of the combustion chamber NE so that the water injected from the injection nozzle MJ is burned into the combustion chamber. Water injected from the injection nozzle MJ as a cooling means for injecting and reflecting on the combustion inner surface of the inner wall of the chamber NE and cooling the combustion inner surface (see FIG. 2C) of the inner wall of the combustion chamber NE and the interior of the combustion chamber is (The bounced water) Combustion chamber N Heat by absorbing heat the water in the inner wall of the combustion side inner surface and the combustion chamber NE dwell as water vapor generation means combustion chamber portion in the steam.

An engine system provided with a rotational force extracting step 3 for extracting rotational force by a flow direction converting means for converting the exhaust gas flow force into rotational force at the exhaust gas outlet 5a of the engine combustion step 2 in FIG. 4), the exhaust gas 5a discharged from the combustion process 2 of the engine is caused to flow through the rotary blade body 3a of the fluid force direction changing means in the rotational force extraction process 3 to rotate the rotary blade body (3 in this figure, In FIG. 4, a known rotary blade body 3a is described as an explanatory diagram), and the rotational force is taken out from the rotary shaft 3d by the exhaust gas flow force of the exhaust gas. (Or power generation).

The engine is provided with a rotational force extraction step 3 at the exhaust port 5 of the hydrogen combustion engine combustion step 2 for burning the enriched air and hydrogen (FIG. 3). The exhaust gas flowing through the rotational force extraction step 3 is the next step. The fuel generation step 4 includes a synthesis gas reformer KG, a steam reforming method (steam reforming method) KG1, and dry reforming (CO ₂ reforming). law) KG2, steam / CO ₂ reforming KG3, autothermal reforming KG4, direct contact oxidation method KG5,) and the separator BR by the gas separation membrane
(Polymer membrane separator BR1, metal separation membrane (palladium alloy thin film, etc.) BR2, high-temperature hydrogen gas separation membrane (ceramics separation membrane, etc.) BR3, gas reforming separator KB, (proton conductive ceramic tube reformer KB1, membrane From type reactor (reactor and separator integrated type) KB2,
Select a reforming method that can extract a large amount of hydrogen as one fuel (considering a reforming method that uses the reaction heat of enriched oxygen)
2. Select a reforming method for reforming carbon dioxide to produce synthesis gas (essential reforming method).
3. Select a method for separating hydrogen from synthesis gas (essential separation method).
4. Select a device that can be as compact as possible.
In consideration of the above conditions (steam reforming method) KG1, CO ₂ reforming method (dry reforming) KG2, and a separator BR using a gas separation membrane, a metal separation membrane (palladium alloy thin film, etc.) is used at 700 ° C. to IOOO °. ) A preferred combination of the above fuel generation processes is to select the proton conductive ceramic tube reformer KB1 in the gas reforming separator KB from either BR2 or high-temperature hydrogen gas separation membrane (ceramics separation membrane, etc.) BR3. .

FIG. 6 is an example of an application using the configuration of the engine including the hydrogen combustion engine combustion step 2, the rotational force extraction step 3, and the fuel generation step 4 (see FIG. 6).
FIG. 6 shows a combustion chamber portion NE in the form of a donut-shaped cylindrical gas turbine in which the rotation shafts of the main turbine MTA and the low-pressure turbine LTA are provided in the center of the combustion chamber portion NE of the engine. The gas turbine is configured to obtain power by rotating the rotor blades DY of the main turbine MTA / low pressure turbine LTA by the flow force of the steam generated by the means and the gas mainly composed of endothermic carbon dioxide, and is centrifugal from the atmosphere. Air compressed by a compressor (any compressor such as an axial flow type, reciprocating type, screw type, rotary type, scroll type, etc.) is introduced into an oxygen (nitrogen) separation unit to separate enriched oxygen (accumulated The livestock gas is stored in the gas tank) and is further compressed by a compressor provided in the hydrogen combustion turbine main body and introduced into the combustion burner 2N of the combustion chamber, between the inner and outer walls of the combustion chamber A plurality of injection nozzles TJ are provided on the water passage MT and the inner wall, and the compressed enriched oxygen and fuel are introduced into the combustion nozzle and burned in the combustion chamber. (One combustion burner 2N is provided for each one. (The spark plug 2P is provided at a ratio of 2). A heat-resistant structure SC that receives direct combustion heat from the combustion of fuel is provided, and water or hot water is provided from the injection nozzle in the combustion chamber NE and the combustion chamber. The combustion chamber part including the heat-resistant structure part is cooled by being injected into the structure part SC, and the injected water or hot water is converted into steam to be discharged from the stationary blades of the low-pressure turbine blades LTA together with the exhaust gas from the main turbine → the main turbine Injected from the stationary blade of the blade MTA to the moving blade, the rotating blade of the main turbine is rotated by the gas (combustion gas and water vapor of the water vapor generating means) and the rotational force is taken forward (in the case of this application, as an example) V belt and pulley The transmission of the main power of the turboprop engine of the aircraft is transmitted using a reduction gear device, and the transmission of the main power of the present application may be the gear transmission. Yes, it can be driven or generated power. (Rotational power of low-pressure turbine is used as power for air and oxygen-rich compressor)
A hydrogen combustion turbine having a structure in which exhaust gas flowing through the turbine is self-supplied with hydrogen in a fuel generation step 4 in the next step.

FIG. 6B is a schematic view showing a form in which the driving force of the main turbine is taken out behind the engine.

FIG. 7A is a half sectional view of the part including the combustion chamber part of FIG. 6 and is configured to inject the heat resistant structure SC by a plurality of water injection nozzles TJ between the inner and outer walls of the combustion chamber (between 2G-2U). And the arrangement of the combustion nozzles 2N (arranged in a plurality of circles) and a plurality of (2 to 3) spark plugs 2P.

FIG. 7B shows that a plurality of combustion chamber portions are drawn so as to draw a circle around the turbine rotation axis LTA _KJ / MTA _KJ , whereas FIG. 7A is composed of one combustion chamber portion in which the turbine combustion chamber portion is cylindrical. This is advantageous in processing the combustion chamber (for example, molding / firing, particularly when the heat-resistant structure SC is made of alumina, etc.) by making the combustion chamber small in diameter. .

FIG. 8 shows a structure of a hydrogen combustion turbine engine in which the combustion process of the second embodiment and the cooling means for the combustion chamber part including the heat-resistant structure part SC, the heat-resistant structure part SC, and the turbine blade cooling structure part RY are provided in the combustion process. Turbofan engine provided with a bypass passage BR on the outer surface of the engine to allow air other than air to be introduced into the oxygen-rich separation section with air sucked in by turbofan FA (about 5/6 for non-military use). In the figure, the air introduced into the oxygen separation section (depending on the application, but approximately 1/6 for non-military use), and separated and separated oxygen-rich nitrogen near the exhaust port. The separated enriched oxygen is introduced into the axial compressor through the introduction pipe 3 and further compressed and sent to the fuel injection burner 2N of the combustion section, while the hydrogen of the fuel is Hydrogen The hydrogen is supplied to the fuel injection nozzle of the combustion section through the hydrogen supply pipe 2 and ignited by the spark plug 2P to burn the hydrogen and the enriched oxygen.
Fuel (hydrogen) is generated by a syngas reformer provided in the exhaust flow path of the engine, and approximately a little less than half of the hydrogen generated via the livestock gas tank is used as propulsive force for the engine during normal flight. A part of the generated fuel is stocked for use when it is necessary to expel all the gas generated or propelled as propulsion (for example, when the airplane takes off or the combat airplane is in combat) It is either configured.
Carbon dioxide to be supplied to the engine is supplied from a carbon dioxide livestock gas tank through a pipeline 23 that is directly supplied to the fuel generation process. By supplying the carbon dioxide directly to the fuel generation process, exhaust gas that serves as a propulsive force for the aircraft is supplied. It is an aircraft that does not contain carbon dioxide, that is, does not emit “CO ₂ ” to the atmosphere.

FIG. 9A is a simple illustration of the structure of the oxygen separation unit described in the above embodiment.
For example, air is compressed with a compressor and air is removed by a filter, and air is introduced into the prism separator = hollow fiber composite membrane, where oxygen is discharged to the outside of the prism separator and nitrogen gas is discharged into the separator outlet. The structure discharged | emitted from is shown in figure.

Fig. 9 (B) shows the prism separator = hollow fiber composite membrane applied to water (water vapor) separation for water separation, and the basic separation principle (gas such as hydrogen or water vapor) is separated by relative permeability coefficient. And those that are separated by the difference in diffusion coefficient.

The rotary engine vehicle using hydrogen as a fuel is a Mazda Premacy Hydrogen RE hybrid vehicle with a structure that allows you to choose between running on hydrogen and running on gasoline. High-pressure hydrogen fuel tank (35MPa, 74L) And a gasoline tank is mounted on the vehicle, electricity is generated by rotation of the hydrogen rotary engine and stored in a lithium ion battery, and the driving of the wheels is electricity stored in the battery, and this car features good fuel efficiency The engine is operated under the conditions (constant conditions), and the control of the vehicle speed fluctuation or the like depending on the running state of the vehicle is an electric control, and the operation control and the power generation component can be applied to the engine of the present application (conveying device mounting form). .

Any structure using a structure that can be easily conceived from the scope of the claims described in the claims of the present application is within the scope of the right of the present application.

This application is an engine that burns enriched oxygen and hydrogen separated from oxygen in the air, and can be used in a wide range of industries as driving force (including power to move the driving body and power generation) if there is air and water. .

An example of a schematic flow of an engine having a structure in which a heat-resistant structure is provided in the engine so that oxygen and hydrogen can be continuously burned in an example of combustion process 2 of an engine that continuously burns oxygen and hydrogen. The figure which provided the injection nozzle MJ which injects water into the combustion chamber part inner surface instead of the heat-resistant structure part of FIG. FIG. 1 shows an example of a schematic structure part in which a take-out structure part for taking out the flow force of exhaust gas as a rotational force is added after the exhaust port of FIG. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the rotary wing body taken along the line AA in FIG. 3. FIG. 4 is an example of a schematic flow diagram illustrating an engine that can also generate fuel by an engine that continuously burns enriched oxygen and hydrogen to which a fuel generation process for reforming the gas into fuel is added to the downstream portion of the exhaust port of FIGS. FIG. 2 is an example of a schematic follow in which the form of the engine combustion chamber of FIG. 1 is applied to an engine of a gas turbine engine form. (B) One example figure of the form which took out rotational force in the rear part direction. FIG. 7 is a half cross-sectional example diagram of the combustion chamber portion of FIG. 6, and (B) a schematic one example diagram in which a plurality of combustion chamber portion turbine shafts are provided as a center. FIG. 7 is a schematic example of a follow-up example in which a turbofan engine is provided by applying the engine of the gas turbine engine form of FIG. 6 and providing an air introduction fan, a bypass flow path, and an exhaust jet injection unit. (A) Enriched oxygen separator schematic structure 1 example diagram (B) Steam (water) separation schematic structure 1 example diagram

Claims

An engine combustion process of an engine that continuously burns enriched oxygen and hydrogen separated in the oxygen separation process, and a water passage is provided between the inner and outer walls of the combustion chamber portion of the combustion process, and the water passage is connected to the water passage from the water tank. Water is introduced through a water introduction pipe, and a plurality of injection nozzles are provided on the inner wall of the combustion chamber to inject water from the water passage into the combustion chamber. The hydrogen and oxygenated oxygen are introduced into the combustion chamber. A fuel injection burner that injects and burns, and an ignition plug that ignites hydrogen and oxygenated hydrogen injected from the fuel injection burner are provided, and the hydrogen and hydrogenated oxygen are injected from the fuel injection burner, ignited by the ignition plug, and continuously burned. An endothermic structure that receives the direct heat of the combustion flame generated by the combustion of the enriched oxygen and hydrogen is provided inside the inner wall of the combustion chamber, and the water is introduced from the injection nozzle into the endothermic structure means and the combustion chamber of the engine. The combustion chamber of the engine The water injected into the endothermic structure means absorbs the heat of the endothermic structure means to turn the water into water vapor, and the water injected into the combustion chamber part also absorbs the heat of combustion in the combustion chamber part to make the water vapor The cooling means and the water vapor generating means in the combustion chamber portion, and the injected water is turned into water vapor and discharged into the exhaust gas flow path together with the exhaust gas generated by the combustion of the enriched oxygen and hydrogen. An engine system that continuously burns hydrogen and enriched oxygen air.
In place of the heat absorption structure provided inside the combustion chamber inner wall of the engine, the water injection direction of the water injection nozzle is changed and the combustion chamber inner wall is injected to the combustion side inner surface of the combustion chamber inner wall. The water is injected into the inner wall surface of the combustion chamber and the combustion chamber from the water injection nozzle whose water injection direction is changed, and the water injected into the inner wall surface is the heat of the inner wall surface. The water that is absorbed into the combustion chamber and absorbed into the combustion chamber chamber absorbs the heat of the combustion gas in the combustion chamber to form steam, and the water vapor that is generated by spraying on the inner wall surface of the combustion chamber and the enriched oxygen The engine system for continuous combustion of hydrogen and enriched oxygen air according to claim 1, wherein the exhaust gas is discharged together with exhaust gas generated by combustion of hydrogen and hydrogen into the exhaust gas passage.
Whether carbon dioxide is introduced from the carbon dioxide tank into the combustion chamber in addition to the hydrogen and the enriched oxygen supplied to the combustion process, or is introduced into the water passage from a pipe that joins the water introduction pipe from the water tank Alternatively, carbon dioxide is supplied from the combustion chamber portion of the engine between the fuel generation steps by any means of supplying directly from the carbon dioxide tank to the fuel generation step, and synthesis gas (CO + H 2 ) is supplied in the fuel generation step. The engine system for continuously burning hydrogen and enriched oxygen air according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the carbon dioxide supply means is reformed into either a hydrocarbon compound or a hydrocarbon compound.
Provided in the exhaust gas flow path of the combustion process is a rotational force extraction step that is taken out by a flow direction conversion means that converts exhaust gas flow force into rotational force, and exhaust gas discharged from the combustion step flows through the rotational force extraction step. The rotating blade body of the flow direction changing means is rotated by the exhaust gas flow force that flows through and is taken out as a turning force, and the taken-out turning force is used as a driving force for the device. Item 3. An engine system that continuously burns hydrogen and enriched oxygen air according to Item 2.
The fuel generation step is provided in an exhaust gas flow path that has flowed through the engine rotational force extraction step, and the fuel generation step includes at least one modification of any one of steam reforming, water gas shift, and dry reforming. A reforming means is provided for reforming the hydrocarbon compound into a synthesis gas or carbon dioxide of hydrogen and carbon monoxide by either one or both of water vapor and endothermic carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas, The gas generated by the reforming means is extracted as hydrogen or carbon dioxide by the gas reforming separation means, and the extracted hydrogen, carbon dioxide, enriched oxygen, synthesis gas, and hydrocarbon compound of the reforming agent can be separated into livestock gas. 5. An engine system for generating fuel by combustion of enriched oxygen air and fuel according to claim 1, wherein a livestock gas tank is provided and the livestock gas is further stored in the water tank. .
The combustion chamber of the engine is provided as a combustion chamber in the form of a donut-shaped cylindrical gas turbine with a rotation shaft provided at the center, and further enriched by a compression means for compressing enriched oxygen upstream of the combustion chamber. Oxygen is compressed and supplied to the combustion chamber to burn the fuel and intake air, and the turbine blades are rotated by the gas of the steam generated by the steam generating means by the water injection from the injection nozzle and the exhaust gas by the combustion of the fuel. The enriched oxygen air according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the rotational force of the turbine blade is set to be a driving force of a transportation device or a generator power of a generator. An engine system that continuously burns fuel.