Portable methanol-water hydrogen generating system
Technical field
The utility model belongs to technical field of new energies, relates to a kind of methanol-water hydrogen generating system, relates in particular to a kind of portable methanol-water hydrogen generating system; Simultaneously, the utility model also relates to a kind of hydrogen production process of above-mentioned portable methanol-water hydrogen generating system.
Background technology
In numerous new forms of energy, Hydrogen Energy will become the optimal energy of 21 century.This is because in the situation that coal, gasoline and the hydrogen of burning identical weight, the energy that hydrogen produces is maximum, and the product of its burning is water, there is no lime-ash and waste gas, does not pollute the environment; Be carbonic acid gas and sulfurous gas and coal and oil combustion generate, can produce respectively Greenhouse effect and acid rain.Coal and reserves are limited, and hydrogen mainly is stored in water, and after burning, unique product is also water, can produce continuously hydrogen, is finished never.
Hydrogen is a kind of colourless gas.The gram Hydrogen Energy of burning discharges your heat of 142 kilojoules, is 3 times of gasoline thermal value.The weight of hydrogen is light especially, and it has all gently been howed than gasoline, Sweet natural gas, kerosene, thereby carries, transports conveniently, is the most suitable fuel of the vehicles that fly at a high speed such as space flight, aviation.Hydrogen can burn in oxygen, and the temperature of hydrogen flame can be up to 2500 ℃, thereby people's hydrogen cutting commonly used or weldable steel iron material.
In the Nature, the distribution of hydrogen is very extensive.Water is exactly large " warehouse " of hydrogen, wherein contains 11% hydrogen.There is 1.5% hydrogen the earth Rio; All contain hydrogen in oil, coal, Sweet natural gas, animal and plant body etc.The main body of hydrogen is that the form with compound water exists, and earth surface approximately 70% is covered by water, and moisture storage capacity is very large, therefore can say, hydrogen is the energy of " inexhaustible, nexhaustible ".If can be with suitable method preparing hydrogen from water, hydrogen will be also the quite cheap energy of a kind of price so.
Having many uses of hydrogen, suitability is strong.It can not only be used as fuel, and metal hydride has the function that chemical energy, heat energy and mechanical energy are changed mutually.For example, hydrogen storage metal has the ability of inhaling the hydrogen heat release and absorbing heat and putting hydrogen, heat can be stored, and uses as heating and air-conditioning in the room.
At first hydrogen be used on automobile as geseous fuel.In May, 1976, the U.S. develops a kind of automobile of making fuel with hydrogen; Afterwards, Japan also succeeded in developing a kind of automobile take liquid hydrogen as fuel; In the latter stage seventies, the Mercedes of front Germany tests hydrogen, and they have only used five kg of hydrogen, has just made running car 110 kilometers.
As automobile fuel, not only clean with hydrogen, easily start at low temperatures, and little to the corrosive nature of engine, can extend the work-ing life of engine.Because hydrogen can evenly mix with air, can save vaporizer used on general automobile fully, thereby can simplify the structure of existing automobile.More interestingly, as long as add 4% hydrogen in gasoline.Use it as motor car engine fuel, but just fuel-economizing 40%, and need not petrol engine is done great improvement.
Hydrogen is easy to become liquid at certain pressure and temperature, thereby it is all very convenient with iron flask car, on-highway tractor or ship transportation.Liquid hydrogen both can be used as the fuel of automobile, aircraft, also can be used as the fuel of rocket, guided missile.The fly to Apollo Personnel investigation Program of the moon of the U.S. " Long March launch vehicle that number spaceship and China launch a man-made satellite., all make fuel with liquid hydrogen.
In addition, use hydrogen-hydrogen fuel cell directly to change into electric energy to Hydrogen Energy, make utilizing of Hydrogen Energy more convenient.At present, this fuel cell is used on spaceship and undersea boat, and effect is pretty good.Certainly, because cost is higher, also be difficult to generally use for the moment.
The annual production of hydrogen is about 3,600 ten thousand tons in the world now, and wherein the overwhelming majority is produced from oil, coal and Sweet natural gas, and this must consume original just mineral fuel very in short supply; It is to produce with the method for brine electrolysis that 4% hydrogen is separately arranged, but the electric energy that consumes is too many, very calculates, and therefore, people are trying to explore to study the hydrogen manufacturing novel method.And can reduce the energy consumption in Chemical Manufacture and reduce costs with methyl alcohol, water reformation hydrogen production, be expected to substitute the technique of " water electrolysis hydrogen production " be called as electricity-eating tiger, utilize advanced methanol vapor to reform--pressure swing adsorption making pure hydrogen and be rich in CO
2Mixed gas, through further aftertreatment, can obtain simultaneously hydrogen and carbon dioxide gas.
Methyl alcohol and water vapour pass through catalyzer under certain temperature, pressure condition, under the effect of catalyzer, the transformationreation of methanol decomposition reaction and carbon monoxide occurs, generate hydrogen and carbonic acid gas, this is the gas solid catalytic reaction system of component more than, many reactions.Reactional equation is as follows:
CH
3OH→CO+2H
2 (1)
H
2O+CO→CO
2+H
2 (2)
CH
3OH+H
2O→CO
2+3H
2 (3)
The H that reforming reaction generates
2And CO
2, then pass through pressure swing adsorption process (PSA) or palladium membrane sepn with H
2And CO
2Separate, obtain high-purity hydrogen.The power consumption of pressure swing adsorption process is high, equipment is large, and is not suitable for small-scale hydrogen preparation.
In addition, existing hydrogen production equipment needs powerful motor in order to allow device start, and usually more than 3000KW (as shown in Figure 1), only motor just need to take a large amount of spaces, makes the equipment can't miniaturization, and movability is also very poor.Nowadays also there is no comparatively desirable portable hydrogen manufacturing scheme.
The utility model content
Technical problem to be solved in the utility model is: a kind of portable methanol-water hydrogen generating system is provided, need not to connect power supply, and system bulk is little, can move easily.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the utility model adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of portable methanol-water hydrogen generating system, described system comprises: liquid container, solid hydrogen storage vessel, hydrogen producer; Solid hydrogen storage vessel, liquid container are connected with hydrogen producer respectively; Store solid hydrogen in described solid hydrogen storage vessel, be provided with the gasification module in the solid hydrogen storage vessel, solid hydrogen is converted to gaseous hydrogen, gaseous hydrogen is as the startup energy of hydrogen producer.
As a kind of preferred version of the present utility model, also be provided with curing module in described solid hydrogen storage vessel; When preparation hydrogen reaches set amount, by curing module, gaseous hydrogen is converted to solid hydrogen, use in order to follow-up startup.
As a kind of preferred version of the present utility model, described hydrogen producer comprises: interchanger, vaporizer, reformer chamber, separate chamber; Described liquid container, interchanger, vaporizer, reformer chamber, separate chamber connect successively by pipeline;
First alcohol and water in described liquid container is delivered to the interchanger heat exchange by e Foerderanlage, enters the vaporizer gasification after heat exchange;
Methanol vapor and water vapour after gasification enter reformer chamber, and reformer chamber is provided with catalyzer, and the temperature of reformer chamber is 280 °-409 °;
Transfer pipe between reformer chamber and separate chamber is through a preheating temperature control mechanism, and this preheating temperature control mechanism is in order to the gas of heating from reformer chamber output; Described preheating temperature control mechanism is as the buffering between reformer chamber and separate chamber, makes from the temperature of the gas of reformer chamber output identical or approaching with the temperature of separate chamber;
Temperature Setting in described separate chamber is 400 °-460 °; Be provided with membrane separation apparatus in the separate chamber, obtain hydrogen from the aerogenesis end of membrane separation apparatus.
As a kind of preferred version of the present utility model, described hydrogen producer comprises main hydrogen producer and one or more sub-hydrogen producer; Hydrogen in described solid hydrogen storage vessel provides startup heat energy for one or more sub-hydrogen producers; The hydrogen that described sub-hydrogen producer makes or/and residual air by burning as the initial start heating source of main hydrogen producer, the hydrogen that the group hydrogen producer makes is or/and residual air when satisfying set amount, main hydrogen producer is able to comprehensive startup, preparation hydrogen; After this, the hydrogen partial that makes of main hydrogen producer is or/and residual air is kept main hydrogen producer operation by burning;
Described sub-hydrogen producer comprises: sub-interchanger, sub-vaporizer, sub-reformer chamber, sub-separate chamber; Described liquid container, sub-interchanger, sub-vaporizer, sub-reformer chamber, sub-separate chamber connect successively by pipeline; Hydrogen in described solid hydrogen storage vessel is in order to satisfy the environmental parameter of sub-vaporizer, sub-reformer chamber, sub-separate chamber; First alcohol and water in liquid container is delivered to sub-reformer chamber reformation through processing, and the hydrogen that makes separates in sub-separate chamber; With the hydrogen and the residual air burning that make, the element that need to heat for main hydrogen producer provides heat;
Described main hydrogen producer comprises interchanger, vaporizer, reformer chamber, separate chamber; Described liquid container, interchanger, vaporizer, reformer chamber, separate chamber connect successively by pipeline.
As a kind of preferred version of the present utility model, described system comprises some sub-hydrogen producers, wherein, comprises the sub-hydrogen producer of a plurality of parallel connections, or/and the sub-hydrogen producer of a plurality of series connection; In the sub-hydrogen producer of series connection, after a sub-hydrogen producer starts hydrogen manufacturing, as the startup energy of next sub-hydrogen producer.
A kind of hydrogen production process that utilizes above-mentioned portable methanol-water hydrogen generating system, described method comprises:
Store solid hydrogen in the solid hydrogen storage vessel, when hydrogen generating system starts, by the gasification module, solid hydrogen is converted to gaseous hydrogen, gaseous hydrogen is by the burning heat release, for hydrogen producer provides startup heat energy, as the startup energy of hydrogen producer.
As a kind of preferred version of the present utility model, described method also be included in hydrogen producer set make hydrogen after, utilize the curing module that arranges in the solid hydrogen storage vessel that gaseous hydrogen is converted to solid hydrogen, use in order to follow-up startup.
As a kind of preferred version of the present utility model, after main hydrogen producer started hydrogen manufacturing, the hydrogen partial that main hydrogen producer makes was or/and residual air is kept main hydrogen producer operation by burning.
The beneficial effects of the utility model are: portable methanol-water hydrogen generating system and the method that the utility model proposes by increasing the solid hydrogen storage vessel of small volume, can provide the startup energy for hydrogen producer, the portability of favourable assurance hydrogen producer.
In addition, can also increase one or more sub-hydrogen producers, start one or more sub-hydrogen producers by the solid hydrogen storage vessel, sub-hydrogen producer prepares certain hydrogen, with the startup heating source of this hydrogen partial (can also comprise residual air) burning as main hydrogen producer; The hydrogen that then makes by main hydrogen producer (can also comprise residual air) is as the operation heating source of main hydrogen producer.Therefore, the utility model hydrogen producer need not the normal Start-up and operating performance that motor can guarantee equipment, thereby can guarantee miniaturization and the movability of equipment.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 forms schematic diagram for the part of existing hydrogen producer.
Fig. 2 is the composition schematic diagram of the utility model hydrogen generating system.
Fig. 3 is the startup schematic diagram of the utility model hydrogen generating system in embodiment two.
Fig. 4 is that the first of the utility model hydrogen generating system in embodiment two starts schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 is that the second of the utility model hydrogen generating system in embodiment two starts schematic diagram.
Fig. 6 is the third startup schematic diagram of the utility model hydrogen generating system in embodiment two.
Embodiment
Describe preferred embodiment of the present utility model in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Embodiment one
See also Fig. 2, the utility model has disclosed a kind of portable methanol-water hydrogen generating system, and described system comprises: liquid container 10, solid hydrogen storage vessel 40, hydrogen producer 20; Solid hydrogen storage vessel 40, liquid container 10 are connected with hydrogen producer 20 respectively; Store liquid first alcohol and water in liquid container 10.
Store solid hydrogen in described solid hydrogen storage vessel 40, be provided with gasification module, curing module in solid hydrogen storage vessel 40; When hydrogen generating system starts, by the gasification module, solid hydrogen is converted to gaseous hydrogen, gaseous hydrogen is by the burning heat release, for hydrogen producer 20 provides startup heat energy, as the startup energy of hydrogen producer 20; When preparation hydrogen reaches set amount, by curing module, gaseous hydrogen is converted to solid hydrogen, uses in order to follow-up startup.
Because solid hydrogen storage vessel 40 is stored hydrogen with solid-state form, just can store a large amount of hydrogen in the space of small volume, can start for small-sized hydrogen producer, need not other energy such as electric energy.Simultaneously, in the utility model, therefore the hydrogen that the follow-up energy of keeping hydrogen producer operation generates from hydrogen producer 20 have extremely good portability and movability or/and residual air also need not other energy.
Embodiment two
See also Fig. 3, the difference of the present embodiment and embodiment one is, in the present embodiment, described hydrogen producer 20 comprises: main hydrogen producer 21, one or more sub-hydrogen producer 22; Hydrogen in described solid hydrogen storage vessel 40 provides startup heat energy for one or more sub-hydrogen producers 22; The hydrogen that described sub-hydrogen producer 22 makes or/and residual air by burning as the initial start heating source of main hydrogen producer 21, the hydrogen that group hydrogen producer 22 makes is or/and residual air when satisfying set amount, main hydrogen producer 21 is able to comprehensive startup, preparation hydrogen; After this, the hydrogen partial that makes of main hydrogen producer 21 is or/and residual air is kept the continuous service of main hydrogen producer 21 by burning.
In a plurality of sub-hydrogen producers, the sub-hydrogen producer of a plurality of series connection can be arranged (after a sub-hydrogen producer startup hydrogen manufacturing, as the startup energy of next sub-hydrogen producer, until main hydrogen producer), as shown in Figure 4, at this moment, more backward, equipment is larger, and the hydrogen of preparation is also more; The sub-hydrogen producer that a plurality of parallel connections also can be arranged, as shown in Figure 5.Certainly, also can both comprise the sub-hydrogen producer of series connection, also comprise sub-hydrogen producer in parallel, as shown in Figure 6.
Described sub-hydrogen producer 22 comprises: sub-interchanger, sub-vaporizer, sub-reformer chamber, sub-separate chamber; Described liquid container 10, sub-interchanger, sub-vaporizer, sub-reformer chamber, sub-separate chamber connect successively by pipeline; Hydrogen in described solid hydrogen storage vessel 40 is in order to satisfy the environmental parameter of sub-vaporizer, sub-reformer chamber, sub-separate chamber; First alcohol and water in liquid container 10 is delivered to sub-reformer chamber reformation through processing, and the gas that makes is isolated hydrogen in sub-separate chamber; With hydrogen and the residual air burning that makes, for main hydrogen producer 21 needs the element of heating that heat is provided.
Described main hydrogen producer 21 comprises interchanger, vaporizer, reformer chamber, separate chamber; Described liquid container 10, interchanger, vaporizer, reformer chamber, separate chamber connect successively by pipeline.
First alcohol and water in described liquid container 10 is delivered to the interchanger heat exchange by e Foerderanlage, enters the vaporizer gasification after heat exchange; Methanol vapor and water vapour after gasification enter reformer chamber, and reformer chamber is provided with catalyzer, and the temperature of reformer chamber is 280 °-409 °; Transfer pipe between reformer chamber and separate chamber is through a preheating temperature control mechanism, and this preheating temperature control mechanism is in order to the gas of heating from reformer chamber output; Described preheating temperature control mechanism is as the buffering between reformer chamber and separate chamber, makes from the temperature of the gas of reformer chamber output identical or approaching with the temperature of separate chamber; Temperature Setting in described separate chamber is 400 °-460 °; Be provided with membrane separation apparatus in the separate chamber, obtain hydrogen from the aerogenesis end of membrane separation apparatus.
More than introduced the composition of the portable methanol-water hydrogen generating system of the utility model, the utility model also discloses a kind of hydrogen production process that utilizes above-mentioned portable methanol-water hydrogen generating system when disclosing said system, and described method comprises the steps:
Store solid hydrogen in [step S1] solid hydrogen storage vessel, be provided with gasification module, curing module in the solid hydrogen storage vessel; When hydrogen generating system starts, by the gasification module, solid hydrogen is converted to gaseous hydrogen, gaseous hydrogen is by the burning heat release, for one or more sub-hydrogen producers provide startup heat energy, as the startup energy of sub-hydrogen producer;
[step S2] sub-hydrogen producer utilizes the heat energy that in the solid hydrogen storage vessel, combustion of hydrogen obtains to prepare hydrogen, and the hydrogen in the solid hydrogen storage vessel is in order to satisfy the environmental parameter of sub-vaporizer, sub-reformer chamber, sub-separate chamber; First alcohol and water in liquid container is delivered to sub-reformer chamber reformation through processing, and the gas that makes is isolated hydrogen in sub-separate chamber; With the hydrogen and the residual air burning that make, the element that need to heat for main hydrogen producer provides heat;
The hydrogen that [step S3] makes or/and residual air by burning as the initial start heating source of main hydrogen producer, the hydrogen that the group hydrogen producer makes is or/and residual air when satisfying set amount, main hydrogen producer prepares hydrogen;
First alcohol and water in described liquid container is delivered to the interchanger heat exchange by e Foerderanlage, enters the vaporizer gasification after heat exchange;
Methanol vapor and water vapour after gasification enter reformer chamber, and reformer chamber is provided with catalyzer, and the temperature of reformer chamber is 280 °-409 °;
Transfer pipe between reformer chamber and separate chamber is through a preheating temperature control mechanism, and this preheating temperature control mechanism is in order to the gas of heating from reformer chamber output; Described preheating temperature control mechanism is as the buffering between reformer chamber and separate chamber, makes from the temperature of the gas of reformer chamber output identical or approaching with the temperature of separate chamber;
Temperature Setting in described separate chamber is 400 °-460 °; Be provided with membrane separation apparatus in the separate chamber, obtain hydrogen from the aerogenesis end of membrane separation apparatus;
[step S4] after this, the hydrogen partial that main hydrogen producer makes is or/and residual air is kept the operation of main hydrogen producer by burning;
When [step S5] preparation hydrogen reaches set amount, by curing module, gaseous hydrogen is converted to solid hydrogen, uses in order to follow-up startup.
In sum, portable methanol-water hydrogen generating system and the method that the utility model proposes by increasing the solid hydrogen storage vessel of small volume, can provide the startup energy for hydrogen producer, the portability of favourable assurance hydrogen producer.
In addition, can also increase one or more sub-hydrogen producers, start one or more sub-hydrogen producers by the solid hydrogen storage vessel, sub-hydrogen producer prepares certain hydrogen, with the startup heating source of this hydrogen partial (can also comprise residual air) burning as main hydrogen producer; The hydrogen that then makes by main hydrogen producer (can also comprise residual air) is as the operation heating source of main hydrogen producer.Therefore, the utility model hydrogen producer need not the normal Start-up and operating performance that motor can guarantee equipment, thereby can guarantee miniaturization and the movability of equipment.
Here description of the present utility model and application is illustrative, is not to want with scope restriction of the present utility model in the above-described embodiments.Here the distortion of disclosed embodiment and change is possible, and the various parts of the replacement of embodiment and equivalence are known for those those of ordinary skill in the art.Those skilled in the art are noted that in the situation that do not break away from spirit of the present utility model or essential characteristic, and the utility model can be with other form, structure, layout, ratio, and realizes with other assembly, material and parts.In the situation that do not break away from the utility model scope and spirit, can carry out other distortion and change to disclosed embodiment here.