JP6719066B2 - 処理システム及び処理装置 - Google Patents
処理システム及び処理装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6719066B2 JP6719066B2 JP2018247918A JP2018247918A JP6719066B2 JP 6719066 B2 JP6719066 B2 JP 6719066B2 JP 2018247918 A JP2018247918 A JP 2018247918A JP 2018247918 A JP2018247918 A JP 2018247918A JP 6719066 B2 JP6719066 B2 JP 6719066B2
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- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 claims description 43
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005539 carbonized material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 53
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 4
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000013502 plastic waste Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001784 detoxification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002916 wood waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 and if necessary Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001634 calcium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005255 carburizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010849 combustible waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011038 discontinuous diafiltration by volume reduction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002920 hazardous waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D3/00—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances
- A62D3/40—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by heating to effect chemical change, e.g. pyrolysis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/58—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels combined with pre-distillation of the fuel
- C10J3/60—Processes
- C10J3/62—Processes with separate withdrawal of the distillation products
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/0066—Disposal of asbestos
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/40—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving thermal treatment, e.g. evaporation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B49/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated
- C10B49/02—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge
- C10B49/04—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge while moving the solid material to be treated
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
- F23G5/0276—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage using direct heating
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/033—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment comminuting or crushing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
- F23G7/003—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals for used articles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
- C10J2200/15—Details of feeding means
- C10J2200/158—Screws
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
- C10J2300/094—Char
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
- C10J2300/0946—Waste, e.g. MSW, tires, glass, tar sand, peat, paper, lignite, oil shale
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
- C10J2300/0973—Water
- C10J2300/0976—Water as steam
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/12—Heating the gasifier
- C10J2300/1246—Heating the gasifier by external or indirect heating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
- C10J3/06—Continuous processes
- C10J3/10—Continuous processes using external heating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
- C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2205/00—Waste feed arrangements
- F23G2205/12—Waste feed arrangements using conveyors
- F23G2205/121—Screw conveyor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for incinerators
- F23G2900/70—Incinerating particular products or waste
- F23G2900/7005—Incinerating used asbestos
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for incinerators
- F23G2900/70—Incinerating particular products or waste
- F23G2900/7008—Incinerating remains of building materials after demolishing, e.g. fibreglass asphalt shingles
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D17/00—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases
- F27D17/004—Systems for reclaiming waste heat
- F27D2017/005—Systems for reclaiming waste heat including pyrolising the waste gases
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D17/00—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases
- F27D17/004—Systems for reclaiming waste heat
- F27D2017/006—Systems for reclaiming waste heat using a boiler
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/12—Heat utilisation in combustion or incineration of waste
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
Description
図1は本発明のシステム全体を示す図である。図中、1は粉砕機、2は炭化炉、3はガス化炉であり、廃棄物が粉砕機1に投入され(矢印A)、得られた粉砕物が炭化炉2に投入され(矢印B)、炭化炉2内に空気を導入して(矢印C)燃焼排ガス5と炭化物を得る。そしてこの炭化物はガス化炉3に投入され(矢印D)、かつ水蒸気7がガス化炉3に投入される(矢印E)。そして、炭化物と水蒸気の接触下に、反応熱源としてガス化炉3に燃焼排ガス5が導入され(矢印F)、主として吸熱反応によってガス化される。符号11は蒸気ボイラー、12は熱交換器である。
一方、燃焼排ガス5はその後ガス化炉から排出され、その余熱を各種の熱源として利用され(矢印H)、更には、ガス化炉3から排出されるスラグ10からは資源再利用が図られる(矢印I)。
図1にあって、21は廃棄物粉砕機1中に配置した粉砕カッター、22は排出スクリュー、23はこれに連動する斜めに配置された移送スクリューである。粉砕混合物の排出・移送方式は適宜選択できるが、密閉性を考慮するとスクリュー方式がよい。
この際、廃材中に飛散性或いは非飛散性アスベストが存在することもあるが、本発明にあっては、融解剤(例えばアルカリ系化合物等のアルカリ化合物)をこれらとともに投入し、これによってアスベストは減容固化非飛散処理され安全・安定な性状に溶融無害化してしまうこととなる。
図2は、本発明の特徴である自燃式(流下式連続)炭化炉、即ち自己燃焼熱(部分酸化反応熱)により炭化を行う炭化炉2の基本構造を示す。炭化炉2は図示はしないが適当な耐火断熱材にて覆われている。符号31は炭化炉2の円筒内部であり、上部が発生したガスの燃焼部、中部が粉砕物の燃焼部、下部が精錬部である。32は廃棄物粉砕機1にて得られた粉砕混合物の投入口であり、33、34は空気の導入口である。
図3にガス化炉3の基本構造を示す。この図でも図2と同様に耐火断熱材に類する記載は省略している。さて、ガス化炉3は円筒状の反応炉40を中央に配置し、この周囲に熱源室41(反応炉加熱部)が配置されている。反応炉40は炭化炉2にて得られた炭化物を投入するための投入口43と、ガス化された生成ガスの取り出し口44と、スラグ10の排出のためのスクリュー45が備えられる。そして、投入された炭化物と接触させてガスを生成するに必要な蒸気を導入するための蒸気導入口46が備えられている。
本発明は、ガス化剤として水蒸気をガス化炉3内に導入し、炭化物(炭素)と接触反応させて水素を豊富に含んだガスを得るものである。ガス化の反応を例に取れば、吸熱反応によってC+H2O→H2+CO、シフト反応によってH2O+CO→H2+CO2が得られ、実機テストにあっては、H2:60%、CO:20%、CO2:20%の水性ガスが効率よく得られた。
アスベストを無害化するには、できる限り低温でアスベストを融解させる融解剤を見つけ出すことであり、アルカリ化合物に着目してこれを融解剤としたものである。アスベストは、粉末状、半ナマ状、スラリー状のいずれの形態のものでもよく、800℃程度で加熱処理してなるものである。これによって、アスベストを確実に分解することができ、アスベストの繊維形態の消滅、結晶構造の崩壊等を引き起こして無害化されるものである。融解剤としては、たとえばフッ化カルシウム、炭酸カルシウム、酸化カルシウム、珪酸ナトリウム、水酸化ナトリウム等、およびこれらの組み合わせが挙げられる。
図2に示す炭化炉は、目的によっては更に変更が可能である。即ち、図2に示す炭化炉においては、得られる炭化物の容量が比較的大きいが、これは、炭化物として不適当な燃焼滓が全て炭化物と一体となって取り出されるからである。このため、次工程のガス化炉3のボリュームが必要以上に大きくなるという問題があった。
下炉2Bにあって、54は炭化物取出口であり、この炭化物取出口54から取り出された炭化物が、次工程のガス化炉3に導かれる。
以上、本発明のシステム及びその装置について説明したが、システム全体を一つの処理装置として一体に設置することがよいが、これらを車載型、即ちトレーラーやコンテナ等に納めて移動可能な装置とすることも可能であり、自燃型・エネルギー自給型という特徴を生かし、国内外での被災地等での瓦礫処理・電力供給設備として貢献できることとなる。
従って、不幸にもおきた地震災害による瓦礫の処理に供されることは勿論、他の場所での処理、例えば台風による流木の処理等に広く利用可能であり、その利用範囲は広い。
1a 上炭化炉投入廃棄物
1b 下炭化炉投入廃棄物
2 炭化炉
2A 上炉
2B 下炉
3 ガス化炉
7 水蒸気
8 ガス化
11 蒸気ボイラー
12 熱交換器
21 粉砕カッター
22 排出スクリュー
23 移送スクリュー
30 耐火断熱材
31 炭化炉の円筒内部
32 粉砕混合物の投入口
32A プラスチック系・アスベスト系粉砕混合物投入口
32B 木屑・紙系・繊維系粉砕混合物投入口
33、34 空気の導入口
35 着火バーナー
36 熱源配管
37 円柱状の焼玉
38 ターンテーブル
39 排出スクリュー
40 円筒状の反応炉
41 熱源室
43 炭化物投入口
44 生成ガス取り出し口
45 スラグ排出スクリュー
46 蒸気導入口
47 熱源導入口
48 熱源ガス排出口
50 攪拌装置
51 上炉の底プレート
52 燃焼残渣の取出口
53 熱供給路
54 スラグ取出口
A 廃棄物の投入
B 粉砕混合物の投入
C 空気の導入
D 炭化物の投入
E 水蒸気の投入
F 燃焼ガスの導入
G 発電等への利用
H 燃焼ガスの利用
I スラグの資源再利用
Claims (7)
- 廃棄物を粉砕して粉砕物とする粉砕機と、
前記粉砕物が投入される投入口と、
底部から直立するとともに側壁の内側面から離間して配置された、筒型の蓄熱塊と、
前記側壁に設けられ、外部からの空気を導入する空気導入口と、
を含み、
前記蓄熱塊の外側面と前記側壁の前記内側面の間に略無酸素領域が形成されるように構成されており、
前記粉砕物を前記空気導入口から導入された前記空気を用いて燃焼することによりガスと炭化材料を生成し、上方で前記空気導入口から導入された前記空気を用いて前記ガスをさらに燃焼して燃焼排ガスを生成するとともに、下方で前記略無酸素領域において前記炭化材料を炭化して炭化物を生成する炭化炉と、
反応炉と、反応炉加熱部と、前記反応炉に少なくとも水蒸気を導入する蒸気導入口を備え、
前記反応炉加熱部内に導入された前記燃焼排ガスによる加熱下で、前記反応炉内において前記炭化炉で生成した炭化物を少なくとも前記水蒸気と反応させて燃焼可能な生成ガスとするガス化炉と、
を備える
処理装置。 - 前記ガス化炉は、
前記反応炉で生成した生成ガスを取り出す生成ガス取出口、
をさらに備える請求項1に記載の処理装置。 - 得られた生成ガスは、H2、CO、CO2を主とする混合物である請求項1または2に記載の処理装置。
- 得られた前記生成ガスの少なくとも一部を発電に供する請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の処理装置。
- 前記発電により得られた電気の少なくとも一部は廃棄物処理の各工程へ循環利用される請求項4記載の処理装置。
- 前記燃焼排ガスの余熱を各種熱源として利用する請求項1に記載の処理装置。
- 前記廃棄物の中にアスベストが存在する場合には、前記粉砕機において前記廃棄物にアスベスト融解剤を投入して粉砕する、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の処理装置。
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