JP6712751B2 - 多様なパターンのロゴの発光が可能な複合層構造の内装材及びその製造方法 - Google Patents

多様なパターンのロゴの発光が可能な複合層構造の内装材及びその製造方法 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
JP6712751B2
JP6712751B2 JP2018216570A JP2018216570A JP6712751B2 JP 6712751 B2 JP6712751 B2 JP 6712751B2 JP 2018216570 A JP2018216570 A JP 2018216570A JP 2018216570 A JP2018216570 A JP 2018216570A JP 6712751 B2 JP6712751 B2 JP 6712751B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
layer
interior material
transparent film
material layer
interior
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
JP2018216570A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
JP2020069781A (ja
Inventor
ハ キム,クン
ハ キム,クン
ジェ チェ,ウォン
ジェ チェ,ウォン
イル リ,ホン
イル リ,ホン
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of JP2020069781A publication Critical patent/JP2020069781A/ja
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP6712751B2 publication Critical patent/JP6712751B2/ja
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/14Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B33/00Layered products characterised by particular properties or particular surface features, e.g. particular surface coatings; Layered products designed for particular purposes not covered by another single class
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/12Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/36Removing material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/36Removing material
    • B23K26/40Removing material taking account of the properties of the material involved
    • B23K26/402Removing material taking account of the properties of the material involved involving non-metallic material, e.g. isolators
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C43/00Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C43/02Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C43/18Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. compression moulding around inserts or for coating articles
    • B29C43/183Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. compression moulding around inserts or for coating articles the preformed layer being a lining, e.g. shaped in the mould before compression moulding, or a preformed shell adapted to the shape of the mould
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/0053Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor combined with a final operation, e.g. shaping
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/14Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles
    • B29C45/1418Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles the inserts being deformed or preformed, e.g. by the injection pressure
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/14Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles
    • B29C45/14778Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles the article consisting of a material with particular properties, e.g. porous, brittle
    • B29C45/14811Multilayered articles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B21/00Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board
    • B32B21/04Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board comprising wood as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B21/00Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board
    • B32B21/04Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board comprising wood as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B21/042Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board comprising wood as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of wood
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B21/00Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board
    • B32B21/04Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board comprising wood as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B21/08Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board comprising wood as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/06Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B27/08Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/12Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/28Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42
    • B32B27/281Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42 comprising polyimides
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/28Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42
    • B32B27/285Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42 comprising polyethers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/28Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42
    • B32B27/286Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42 comprising polysulphones; polysulfides
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/32Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
    • B32B27/325Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins comprising polycycloolefins
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/36Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyesters
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
    • B32B3/26Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
    • B32B3/266Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer characterised by an apertured layer, the apertures going through the whole thickness of the layer, e.g. expanded metal, perforated layer, slit layer regular cells B32B3/12
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B38/00Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
    • B32B38/06Embossing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B9/00Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
    • B32B9/002Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising natural stone or artificial stone
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B9/00Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
    • B32B9/04Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B9/045Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B44DECORATIVE ARTS
    • B44CPRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
    • B44C5/00Processes for producing special ornamental bodies
    • B44C5/04Ornamental plaques, e.g. decorative panels, decorative veneers
    • B44C5/0453Ornamental plaques, e.g. decorative panels, decorative veneers produced by processes involving moulding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B44DECORATIVE ARTS
    • B44FSPECIAL DESIGNS OR PICTURES
    • B44F1/00Designs or pictures characterised by special or unusual light effects
    • B44F1/06Designs or pictures characterised by special or unusual light effects produced by transmitted light, e.g. transparencies, imitations of glass paintings
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C14SKINS; HIDES; PELTS; LEATHER
    • C14BMECHANICAL TREATMENT OR PROCESSING OF SKINS, HIDES OR LEATHER IN GENERAL; PELT-SHEARING MACHINES; INTESTINE-SPLITTING MACHINES
    • C14B1/00Manufacture of leather; Machines or devices therefor
    • C14B1/44Mechanical treatment of leather surfaces
    • C14B1/56Ornamenting, producing designs, embossing
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04CSTRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/44Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B1/00Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
    • G02B1/04Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements made of organic materials, e.g. plastics
    • GPHYSICS
    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09FDISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
    • G09F13/00Illuminated signs; Luminous advertising
    • G09F13/04Signs, boards or panels, illuminated from behind the insignia
    • G09F13/06Signs, boards or panels, illuminated from behind the insignia using individual cut-out symbols or cut-out silhouettes, e.g. perforated signs
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01SDEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S5/00Semiconductor lasers
    • H01S5/02Structural details or components not essential to laser action
    • H01S5/0201Separation of the wafer into individual elements, e.g. by dicing, cleaving, etching or directly during growth
    • H01S5/0203Etching
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/0053Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor combined with a final operation, e.g. shaping
    • B29C2045/0079Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor combined with a final operation, e.g. shaping applying a coating or covering
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/14Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles
    • B29C2045/1486Details, accessories and auxiliary operations
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/14Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles
    • B29C2045/1486Details, accessories and auxiliary operations
    • B29C2045/14868Pretreatment of the insert, e.g. etching, cleaning
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2995/00Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
    • B29K2995/0012Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds having particular thermal properties
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2995/00Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
    • B29K2995/0018Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds having particular optical properties, e.g. fluorescent or phosphorescent
    • B29K2995/0026Transparent
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/12Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by using adhesives
    • B32B37/1207Heat-activated adhesive
    • B32B2037/1215Hot-melt adhesive
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/10Inorganic fibres
    • B32B2262/101Glass fibres
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/10Inorganic fibres
    • B32B2262/106Carbon fibres, e.g. graphite fibres
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2270/00Resin or rubber layer containing a blend of at least two different polymers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/40Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2605/00Vehicles
    • B32B2605/003Interior finishings
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/02Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by a sequence of laminating steps, e.g. by adding new layers at consecutive laminating stations
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B38/00Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
    • B32B38/10Removing layers, or parts of layers, mechanically or chemically

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Illuminated Signs And Luminous Advertising (AREA)

Description

本発明は多様なパターンのロゴの発光が可能な複合層構造の遮蔽層を備えた内装材及びその製造方法に関する。具体的に、本発明はロゴを適切に発光させるのに必要な遮蔽構造を改善した、ロゴ発光部を備えた複合層構造の内装材及びその製造方法に関する。
内装材とは製品の外部を仕上げるのに使われる材料を言う。内装材は製品の質感、触感などの外観を向上させ、騷音、火炎、酸素などを遮断して内部の構成を保護する役割をする。内装材は美的要素を外部に表現することができるように製造されることが好ましい。
韓国登録特許第10−0913811号公報は、内装材としてリアルウッドフィルム(Realwood film)を用いた成形品を開示している。成形品は、リアルウッドシート(Realwood seat)の上下部に接着フィルムを熱圧着することによって製造され、このように製作された成形品は、自動車の内外装材、又は各種の電子製品のパネルなどに装着される。リアルウッド素材を使うことによって内装材が天然木材の質感を現し、よって内装材の外観を美麗に装飾することができる。
近年には、図1に示したように、リアルウッド素材の成形品に形成された“ABCDE”のようなロゴを発光させる内装材が提案されている。ロゴ によって他の部分から孤立した領域はアイランド(island)である。
ロゴを発光させるための方法として、本出願人の韓国登録特許第10−1883080号公報は、主表面材であるリアルウッド層の下に遮光層を形成し、遮光層の下にタッチセンサー電極を形成し、タッチセンサー電極の下に光源を配置することによって、ロゴ部分を発光させる技術を開示している。しかし、この特許は、光が通過するライティング溝が空いており(hollow)、空いている間隙を通じてほこりのような異物が累積して透光効果が低下するおそれがある。また、二重以上の複合フィルム構造に適用しにくくて耐久性が弱く、多様なロゴの具現が難しいという欠点がある。さらに、成形品の製作時にアイランド部分を支持する構造がないため、アイランド部分の精密な射出が難しいという問題がある。
韓国登録特許第10−0913811号公報 韓国登録特許第10−1883080号公報
したがって、本発明は、多様な形状のロゴ発光部を形成することができ、耐久力に優れ、製造が容易である多層構造の内装材の製造方法を提供することを目的とする。
本発明の内装材の製造方法は、発光部の光を遮断する遮蔽層を素材層としてのウッド層又は内部の透明フィルムに隣接して配列し、レーザーで食刻したライティング溝を透明フィルム成分で満たすことによって発光効果を多様で鮮かに具現する。
具体的に、本発明は、内装材の製造方法であって、(1−1)素材層の下部に熱融着層を挟んで光の透過を遮断する遮蔽層を接合する段階と、(1−2)素材層の上部にアイランドを支持するための支持テープを付着する段階と、(1−3)遮蔽層から素材層まで光が透過するライティング溝をレーザー食刻で加工する段階と、(2−1)透明フィルムにバインダーを付着する段階と、(3−1)段階(1−3)で製作されたモジュールと段階(2−1)で製作されたモジュールを接合する段階と、(3−2)素材層の上部にアイランドを支持するための支持テープを交換する段階と、(3−3)段階(3−2)の製品を、母材層を備えた母材又は加工対象品と接合し、インサート射出成形工程で射出することによって内装材を完成する段階であって、高温雰囲気下の射出成形工程で前記透明フィルムの成分がメルティング及び延伸してライティング溝を満たす段階とを含む内装材の製造方法を提供する。
また、本発明は以上の製造方法によって製造される内装材を提供する。
本発明によれば、複合層からなる内装材において、ライティング溝を満たした透明フィルムによってより鮮かなロゴの発光を期待することができ、ライティング溝に異物が流入することを防止することができ、多様なパターンのロゴ発光部を製作することができる。
本発明による内装材の製造方法は簡便で経済的であり、原価節減に有利である。
リアルウッド素材の成形品を示す図である。 本発明の第1実施例によるロゴ発光部を備えた内装材の製造方法を示す工程図である。 本発明の第1実施例によるロゴ発光部を備えた内装材の製造方法を示す工程図である。 本発明の第1実施例によるロゴ発光部を備えた内装材の製造方法を示す工程図である。 図2のそれぞれの工程によって製作される部材の断面図である。 図2のそれぞれの工程によって製作される部材の断面図である。 図2のそれぞれの工程によって製作される部材の断面図である。 図2のそれぞれの工程によって製作される部材の断面図である。 図2のそれぞれの工程によって製作される部材の断面図である。 図2のそれぞれの工程によって製作される部材の断面図である。 図2のそれぞれの工程によって製作される部材の断面図である。
以下、本発明の一実施例を例示的な図面に基づいて詳細に説明する。
各図の構成要素に参照符号を付けるにあたり、同じ構成要素に対しては、たとえ互いに異なる図に表示されても、できるだけ同じ符号を有するようにしていることに留意しなければならない。また、本実施例の説明において、関連した公知の構成又は機能についての具体的な説明が本実施例の要旨をあいまいにすることができると判断される場合にはその詳細な説明を省略する。
以下、本発明で記述する実施例は、光源から出る光が通過するガイドであるライティング溝を何の物質で満たすかを開示する点に特徴の一つがある。
図2a〜図2cは本発明の第1実施例によるロゴ発光部を備えた内装材の製造方法を示す工程図、図3a〜図3gは図2のそれぞれの工程によって製作される部材の断面図である。
これらの図を一緒に参照すると、まず、内装材の外側には主要素材としてウッド層又は素材層10が位置する。“ウッド”は一例を提示したものであり、纎維(fabric)、ストーン(stone)、人造皮革、炭素纎維強化プラスチック(CFRP)又はガラス纎維強化プラスチック(GFRP)であってもよい。素材層10の下部には熱融着層12を挟んで遮蔽層14が位置する。熱融着層(hotmelt layer)12はパルプ、纎維又はメッシュのような不織布と、適当な熱反応特性を有する熱可塑性重合体組成物とを含むことができる。遮蔽層14の下部にはさらに他の熱融着層16が位置する。遮蔽層14は光源(図示せず)から発散される光を遮断して、ロゴ以外の部分が発光しないようにするためのものであり、透明フィルムに印刷又は塗装して製作される。素材層10と遮蔽層14は、例えばロールラミネーティング(roll laminating)工程で接合される(S10)。
ついで、素材層10の他面、すなわち上部にはアイランドを支持するために支持テープ18を付着する(S12)。支持テープ18は後述するライティング溝形成工程でアイランドを支持して固定する役割をする。支持テープ18は、例えばPETを基材とするシリコン素材から製作される。
ついで、レーザーを用いて熱融着層16から素材層10を貫いてエッチングすることによってライティング溝L1、L2を加工する(S14)。ライティング溝L1、L2は一例を示すものであり、一本又は多数本の線形に形成されることができる。以上の工程によって本発明の内装材を成す第1モジュール50が出来上がる(図3c参照)。当業者であれば、第1モジュール50は少なくとも素材層10と、遮蔽層14と、ライティング溝L1、L2とを含むことが理解可能であろう。
一方、以上の工程とは別個に、図3dに示したように、透明フィルム20にバインダー22を付着して第2モジュール60を完成する(S20)。透明フィルム20は、例えば光学用透明フィルムであり、ポリカーボネート(polycarbonate、PC)、ポリイミド(polyimide、PI)、ポリエーテルスルホン(polyethersulfone、PES)、ポリアリレート(polyarylate、PAR)、ポリエチレンナフタレート(poly(ethylene naphthalate)、PEN)、ポリエチレンテレフタレート(polyethylene terephthalate)、PET)、シクロオレフィンコポリマー(cycloolefin copolymer)などの熱可塑性高分子から製作されることができる。バインダー22はアクリル樹脂のような共重合体が好ましいが、母材層と接合するために金属又はセラミック物質から製作することも可能である。
ついで、第1モジュール50と第2モジュール60を熱圧着工程によって、熱融着層16を挟んで接合する(S30及び図3e)。
ついで、素材層10の上部に位置する支持テープ18にはライティング溝L1、L2のエッチング中に発生した小さな屑が沈澱しているので、このような残余物を除去するために剥き出し、新しい支持テープ18Aを接合する(S32)。支持テープ18Aは後述する成形工程でアイランドを含む素材層10の上部を保護する役割をする。
最後に、このように出来上がった部材を母材層24を備えた母材又は加工対象品と接合し、インサート射出成形工程で射出することによって内装材を完成する(S34)。母材層24の下部には光源(図示せず)が設けられるので、光が充分に透過するように、ポリカーボネート(PC)又はABS(acrylonitrile butadiene styrene)樹脂のような透明又は半透明素材が適用される。高温雰囲気下の射出成形工程で、図3gに示したように、透明フィルム20の樹脂成分が溶融及び延伸してライティング溝L1、L2を満たす。
したがって、以上の本発明の一実施例によれば、第1モジュール50と第2モジュール60の結合によって複合層からなった内装材を製作することができる。ライティング溝L1、L2を満たした透明フィルム20の樹脂成分によってもっと鮮かなロゴの発光を期待することができ、ライティング溝L1、L2に異物が流入することを防止することができる。
以上本発明の好適な実施例を例として説明したが、これは例示のためのもので、本発明の権利範囲を制限しなく、本発明に対しては多様な変更が可能であり、これらも全て本発明の権利範囲に属し、本発明の権利範囲は添付の特許請求範囲によって規定される。
10 素材層
12、16 熱融着層
14 遮蔽層
20 透明フィルム
22 バインダー
24 母材層

Claims (4)

  1. 内装材の製造方法であって、前記方法は、
    (1−1)素材層の下部に熱融着層を挟んで光の透過を遮断する遮蔽層を接合し、前記遮蔽層の下部にも熱融着層を形成する段階と、
    (1−2)素材層の上部にアイランドを支持するための支持テープを付着する段階と、
    (1−3)遮蔽層から素材層まで光が透過するライティング溝をレーザー食刻で加工する段階と、
    (2−1)透明フィルムにバインダーを付着する段階と、
    (3−1)段階(1−3)で製作されたモジュールの前記遮蔽層の下部の熱融着層と、段階(2−1)で製作されたモジュールの前記透明フィルムとを接合する段階と、
    (3−2)素材層の上部にアイランドを支持するための支持テープを交換する段階と、
    (3−3)段階(3−2)の製品を、母材層を備えた母材又は加工対象品と接合し、インサート射出成形工程で射出することによって内装材を完成する段階であって、高温雰囲気下の射出成形工程で前記透明フィルムの成分がメルティング及び延伸してライティング溝を満たす段階と、
    を含むことを特徴とする、内装材の製造方法。
  2. 前記透明フィルム光学用透明フィルムは、ポリカーボネート(polycarbonate、PC)、ポリイミド(polyimide、PI)、ポリエーテルスルホン(polyethersulfone、PES)、ポリアリレート(polyarylate、PAR)、ポリエチレンナフタレート(poly(ethylene naphthalate)、PEN)、ポリエチレンテレフタレート(polyethylene terephthalate)、PET)、シクロオレフィンコポリマー(cycloolefin copolymer)などの熱可塑性高分子から製作されることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の内装材の製造方法。
  3. 前記素材層は、ウッド、纎維(fabric)、ストーン(stone)、人造皮革、炭素纎維強化プラスチック(CFRP)又はガラス纎維強化プラスチック(GFRP)のいずれか一つであることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の内装材の製造方法。
  4. 請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の方法で制作されることを特徴とする内装材。
JP2018216570A 2018-11-01 2018-11-19 多様なパターンのロゴの発光が可能な複合層構造の内装材及びその製造方法 Expired - Fee Related JP6712751B2 (ja)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
KR10-2018-0132950 2018-11-01
KR1020180132950A KR102128854B1 (ko) 2018-11-01 2018-11-01 다양한 패턴의 로고 발광이 가능한 복합층 구조 내장재 및 그 제조방법

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JP2020069781A JP2020069781A (ja) 2020-05-07
JP6712751B2 true JP6712751B2 (ja) 2020-06-24

Family

ID=64453309

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP2018216570A Expired - Fee Related JP6712751B2 (ja) 2018-11-01 2018-11-19 多様なパターンのロゴの発光が可能な複合層構造の内装材及びその製造方法

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US10913240B2 (ja)
EP (1) EP3647055B1 (ja)
JP (1) JP6712751B2 (ja)
KR (1) KR102128854B1 (ja)
CN (1) CN111113779A (ja)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR102128849B1 (ko) * 2018-11-01 2020-07-01 인탑스 주식회사 다양한 패턴의 로고 발광이 가능한 차폐층을 구비한 내장재 및 그 제조방법
CN112776730A (zh) * 2021-03-08 2021-05-11 东莞广华汽车饰件科技有限公司 一种实材透光汽车装饰件的制造方法
KR102522509B1 (ko) * 2021-07-16 2023-04-17 주식회사 서연이화 차량용 내장재에 적용 가능한 리얼우드 필름 및 이의 제조 방법

Family Cites Families (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP3301268B2 (ja) * 1995-04-25 2002-07-15 日産自動車株式会社 透過照明型メータ
DE19813314A1 (de) * 1998-03-26 1999-09-30 Kurz Leonhard Fa Prägefolie, insbesondere Heissprägefolie
US7097913B2 (en) 2000-05-24 2006-08-29 Kabushiki Kaisha Kawai Gakki Seisakusho Decorative article having translucent wood veneer
DE10118178C2 (de) 2001-04-11 2003-05-08 Draexlmaier Lisa Gmbh Verbundzierteil und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
US20030041962A1 (en) * 2001-09-05 2003-03-06 John R. Johnson Digitally printed products and process
DE10339842B4 (de) * 2003-08-29 2008-02-14 Angell-Demmel Europe Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung von Tasten, Zier- und Instrumentenblenden mit Feinsymbolik und eine nach dem Verfahren hergestellte Bedientaste
KR20100022332A (ko) * 2008-08-19 2010-03-02 (주)쉘라인 전자기기용 케이스 및 그 제조방법
KR100913811B1 (ko) 2008-12-29 2009-08-26 주식회사 세지솔로텍 리얼우드필름 및 그 제조방법, 리얼우드필름을 이용한 성형품
EP2295293B2 (de) * 2009-09-11 2019-02-20 Weidplas GmbH Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Bauteils mit einem flächigen Dekorelement und Bauteil mit einem flächigen Dekorelement
KR20110040094A (ko) * 2009-10-13 2011-04-20 삼성전자주식회사 금속박 적층 필름 및 그 제조 방법
US9375867B2 (en) * 2011-06-20 2016-06-28 Jnc Corporation Transfer film for in-mold molding and method for producing same
US9358944B1 (en) 2015-02-03 2016-06-07 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Active bolster with hot-weld rivets
KR101883080B1 (ko) * 2016-12-20 2018-07-30 인탑스 주식회사 내장재 및 그 제조방법
KR102128849B1 (ko) * 2018-11-01 2020-07-01 인탑스 주식회사 다양한 패턴의 로고 발광이 가능한 차폐층을 구비한 내장재 및 그 제조방법

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR20200050212A (ko) 2020-05-11
US10913240B2 (en) 2021-02-09
JP2020069781A (ja) 2020-05-07
EP3647055A1 (en) 2020-05-06
CN111113779A (zh) 2020-05-08
KR102128854B1 (ko) 2020-07-01
EP3647055B1 (en) 2021-07-14
US20200139670A1 (en) 2020-05-07

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
JP6726729B2 (ja) 多様なパターンのロゴの発光が可能な遮蔽層を備えた内装材及びその製造方法
JP6712751B2 (ja) 多様なパターンのロゴの発光が可能な複合層構造の内装材及びその製造方法
US10643503B2 (en) Motherboard and manufacturing method thereof, cover plate and manufacturing method thereof, and display device
KR101117921B1 (ko) 디지털 디스플레이를 포함하는 카드
TW201706800A (zh) 觸控面板及其製造方法
DE602007010688D1 (de) Leichtgewichtige thermoplastische Folien mit Verstärkungsschichten
ATE380111T1 (de) Mehrschichtige verbundwerkstoffe mit speziellen optischen effekten
TW201333774A (zh) 觸控螢幕
KR101627431B1 (ko) 도광 장식 복합 시트 및 이로 제조된 부품
US20200282702A1 (en) Decorative sheet, method of manufacturing the same, and display device
KR101516482B1 (ko) 검지 기능을 갖는 표면 패널
JP2019203188A (ja) 蒸着マスクの製造方法及び有機発光材料の蒸着方法
JP4449469B2 (ja) 車両内装用シート
JP2017050480A (ja) 外装パネルおよびその製造方法
WO2012105665A1 (ja) テキスタイル/樹脂積層構造ハウジング及びその製造装置
JPWO2021073876A5 (ja)
CN113954474A (zh) 一种用于表面装饰的透光材料和制备方法以及汽车饰件
TW201416247A (zh) 裝飾薄膜
JP7146993B1 (ja) インサート成形用加飾フィルム、インサート成形用加飾フィルムの製造方法及び樹脂成形品の製造方法
KR20220052071A (ko) 차량용 내장재 제조방법
KR102007727B1 (ko) 터치센싱 어셈블리 및 그 제조방법
US11507229B2 (en) Molded body for electronic function, method for manufacturing the same, and operation device using molded body for electronic function
US20220181592A1 (en) Display device
JP7158458B2 (ja) インサート成形用加飾フィルム、インサート成形用加飾フィルムの製造方法及び樹脂成形品の製造方法
JP2020131538A (ja) 樹脂積層体、電子機器、樹脂積層体の製造方法

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
A621 Written request for application examination

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621

Effective date: 20181122

A977 Report on retrieval

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007

Effective date: 20191111

A131 Notification of reasons for refusal

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131

Effective date: 20191119

A521 Request for written amendment filed

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523

Effective date: 20200218

TRDD Decision of grant or rejection written
A01 Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01

Effective date: 20200414

A61 First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61

Effective date: 20200508

R150 Certificate of patent or registration of utility model

Ref document number: 6712751

Country of ref document: JP

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150

LAPS Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees