JP6661128B2 - 複合微粒子及び分散液並びにそれらの製造方法及び用途 - Google Patents
複合微粒子及び分散液並びにそれらの製造方法及び用途 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6661128B2 JP6661128B2 JP2016573266A JP2016573266A JP6661128B2 JP 6661128 B2 JP6661128 B2 JP 6661128B2 JP 2016573266 A JP2016573266 A JP 2016573266A JP 2016573266 A JP2016573266 A JP 2016573266A JP 6661128 B2 JP6661128 B2 JP 6661128B2
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- copper
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- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 title claims description 137
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims description 78
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 title claims description 68
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 33
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 202
- -1 copper halide Chemical class 0.000 claims description 83
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 21
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- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002612 dispersion medium Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 15
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001867 hydroperoxy group Chemical group [*]OO[H] 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- OPQARKPSCNTWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Cu+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O OPQARKPSCNTWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- HFDWIMBEIXDNQS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;diformate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-]C=O.[O-]C=O HFDWIMBEIXDNQS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000020 sulfo group Chemical group O=S(=O)([*])O[H] 0.000 claims description 4
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- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 6
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- 239000011859 microparticle Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 67
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- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCCCCO WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013008 thixotropic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005628 tolylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006276 transfer reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005409 triarylsulfonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triflic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MGACORKJUSACCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N trinaphthalen-1-ylsulfanium Chemical class C1=CC=C2C([S+](C=3C4=CC=CC=C4C=CC=3)C=3C4=CC=CC=C4C=CC=3)=CC=CC2=C1 MGACORKJUSACCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HKDYXDHJQBAOAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N trinaphthalen-2-ylsulfanium Chemical class C1=CC=CC2=CC([S+](C=3C=C4C=CC=CC4=CC=3)C3=CC4=CC=CC=C4C=C3)=CC=C21 HKDYXDHJQBAOAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WLOQLWBIJZDHET-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylsulfonium Chemical class C1=CC=CC=C1[S+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 WLOQLWBIJZDHET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXYQQAVHPAUFQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-methylphenyl)sulfanium Chemical class CC1=CC=CC=C1[S+](C=1C(=CC=CC=1)C)C1=CC=CC=C1C AXYQQAVHPAUFQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MAOCPIDAEMTJLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(4-fluorophenyl)sulfanium Chemical class C1=CC(F)=CC=C1[S+](C=1C=CC(F)=CC=1)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 MAOCPIDAEMTJLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUWXFPUSCUUNPR-UHFFFAOYSA-O tris(4-hydroxyphenyl)sulfanium Chemical class C1=CC(O)=CC=C1[S+](C=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 XUWXFPUSCUUNPR-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- WUKMCKCDYKBLBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfanium Chemical class C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1[S+](C=1C=CC(OC)=CC=1)C1=CC=C(OC)C=C1 WUKMCKCDYKBLBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QKFJVDSYTSWPII-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(4-methylphenyl)sulfanium Chemical class C1=CC(C)=CC=C1[S+](C=1C=CC(C)=CC=1)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1 QKFJVDSYTSWPII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004034 viscosity adjusting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000006839 xylylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/10—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material
- B22F1/102—Metallic powder coated with organic material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/16—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes
- B22F9/18—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds
- B22F9/24—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds starting from liquid metal compounds, e.g. solutions
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/20—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material
- H01B1/22—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material the conductive material comprising metals or alloys
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B5/00—Non-insulated conductors or conductive bodies characterised by their form
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B5/00—Non-insulated conductors or conductive bodies characterised by their form
- H01B5/14—Non-insulated conductors or conductive bodies characterised by their form comprising conductive layers or films on insulating-supports
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K1/00—Printed circuits
- H05K1/02—Details
- H05K1/09—Use of materials for the conductive, e.g. metallic pattern
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Conductive Materials (AREA)
- Non-Insulated Conductors (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Metal Powder And Suspensions Thereof (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Description
A5は、置換基を有していてもよい炭化水素基、又は−A8−(O−A9)k−基(式中、A8及びA9は、それぞれ同一又は異なって、置換基を有していてもよい炭化水素基を示し、kは、1以上の整数である)を示し、
A4及びA5は異なる基である]。
金属微粒子を構成する金属としては、例えば、遷移金属(例えば、チタン、ジルコニウムなどの周期表第4A族金属;バナジウム、ニオブなどの周期表第5A族金属;モリブデン、タングステンなどの周期表第6A族金属;マンガンなどの周期表第7A族金属;鉄、ニッケル、コバルト、ルテニウム、ロジウム、パラジウム、レニウム、イリジウム、白金などの周期表第8族金属;銅、銀、金などの周期表第1B族金属など)、周期表第2B族金属(例えば、亜鉛、カドミウムなど)、周期表第3B族金属(例えば、アルミニウム、ガリウム、インジウムなど)、周期表第4B族金属(例えば、ゲルマニウム、スズ、鉛など)、周期表第5B族金属(例えば、アンチモン、ビスマスなど)などが挙げられる。金属微粒子は、これらの合金で形成された微粒子あってもよく、複数種の金属微粒子の組み合わせであってもよい。
保護層は、酸によって容易に分解する特性を有する酸分解性ポリマーを含んでいる。この酸分解性ポリマーは、酸の非存在下で所定温度の熱によっても分解するが、酸の存在下で更に分解性が向上される。このような特性を有する酸分解性ポリマーは、金属微粒子を焼結するための焼成温度を低下できるポリマーであればよく、例えば、エステル結合、カーボネート結合、ウレタン結合、アセタール結合などを有するポリマー(重合体)などが挙げられる。これらのポリマーのうち、酸分解性に優れる点から、アセタール結合を有するポリマーが好ましい。特に、重合体の主鎖を構成する繰り返し単位としてアセタール結合(アセタール構造)を有すると、酸と反応させることにより容易に分解できる。このようなアセタール構造は、熱、光、還元剤などの酸以外の通常の刺激(粒子合成条件における条件)に対しては安定であるため、保護層を形成する重合体は、酸の非存在下において高い安定性を有する。アセタール結合を有する酸分解性ポリマーは、前記式(1)で表される繰り返し単位を有するポリマー[ポリマー(1)]、前記式(2)で表される繰り返し単位を有するポリマー[ポリマー(2)]、前記式(3)で表される繰り返し単位を有するポリマー[ポリマー(3)]、又は前記式(4a)及び(4b)で表される二種の繰り返し単位を有するポリマー[ポリマー(4)]であってもよい。
前記式(1)のR1〜R4において、ハロゲン原子としては、例えば、フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子、ヨウ素原子などが挙げられる。
前記式(2)において、環Zは、ヘテロ原子として酸素原子を含む飽和ヘテロ環であればよい。飽和ヘテロ環は飽和単環式ヘテロ環(ヘテロ単環)であってもよく、飽和縮合ヘテロ環であってもよい。
前記式(3)、(4a)及び(4b)において、A1〜A9(A1〜A9骨格)の炭化水素基としては、例えば、脂肪族炭化水素基、脂環式炭化水素基、芳香族炭化水素基、これらの2種以上が結合した基が挙げられる。
保護層は、酸分解性ポリマーを含んでいればよく、他の成分、例えば、製造工程で混入する触媒や溶媒、還元剤の他、慣用の添加剤を含んでいてもよい。
本発明の複合微粒子は、平均粒径(数平均一次粒径)が3000nm以下であってもよい。特に、複合微粒子の平均粒径は、ナノメータサイズが好ましく、例えば1〜1000nm、好ましくは10〜500nm(例えば20〜400nm)、さらに好ましくは30〜300nm(特に50〜200nm)程度である。複合微粒子の粒径が大きすぎると、焼結させるための焼成温度が高くなり、微細配線パターンの形成も困難となる虞がある。一方、小さすぎると、調製が困難となる上に、比表面積が増大するため、酸化し易くなるとともに、ペーストやインクなどへの再分散も困難となる。さらに、これらの複合的な要因により導電性を向上させるのも困難となる虞がある。
本発明の分散液は、前記複合微粒子及び分散媒を含んでいればよく、前述のように、被覆工程で得られた分散液であってもよいが、通常、目的に応じて、分離精製工程を経て得られた複合微粒子を分散媒中に分散させることにより得られる。
本発明の塗膜は、基材の上に前記分散液を塗布する塗布工程を経て得られる。基材は、無機材料であってもよく、有機材料であってもよい。無機材料としては、例えば、ガラス類(ソーダガラス、ホウケイ酸ガラス、クラウンガラス、バリウム含有ガラス、ストロンチウム含有ガラス、ホウ素含有ガラス、低アルカリガラス、無アルカリガラス、結晶化透明ガラス、シリカガラス、石英ガラス、耐熱ガラスなど)、金属酸化物(アルミナ、サファイア、ジルコニア、チタニア、酸化イットリウム、酸化インジウム−酸化錫系複合酸化物(ITO)、フッ素ドープ酸化錫(FTO)など)などが挙げられる。有機材料としては、例えば、ポリメタクリル酸メチル系樹脂、ポリプロピレン系樹脂、環状ポリオレフィン系樹脂、スチレン系樹脂、塩化ビニル系樹脂、ポリエステル系樹脂[ポリアルキレンアリレート系樹脂(ポリエチレンテレタフタレートなど)、ポリアリレート系樹脂や液晶ポリマーを含む]、ポリアミド系樹脂、ポリカーボネート系樹脂、ポリスルホン系樹脂、ポリエーテルスルホン系樹脂、ポリイミド系樹脂、セルロース誘導体、フッ素樹脂などが挙げられる。特に、低温焼結可能であるため、ポリエチレンテレタフタレート(PET)などの耐熱性の低い樹脂基材であっても焼成できる。基材の平均厚みは、例えば0.001〜10mm、好ましくは0.01〜5mm、さらに好ましくは0.05〜3mm程度である。
合成例1で得られたポリマーの重量平均分子量(Mw)及び数平均分子量(Mn)は、カラム(東ソー(株)製「TSKgel MultiporeHXL−M」)を3本連結し、クロロホルムを移動相とし、40℃、流速1.0mL/分で、RI−8020ディテクターを備えた高速ゲルパーミエーションカラムクロマトグラフィー(東ソー(株)製「HLC−8220GPC」)を用いて、ポリスチレン換算で求めた。
1H−NMRは、核磁気共鳴装置(日本電子(株)製「JNM−ECA500」)を用いて、測定溶媒:重水素化クロロホルム、周波数:500MHzの条件で測定した。
ポリマーに濃度が20重量%となるよう溶媒を加え、室温で攪拌した後、目視で溶解状態を観察し、以下の基準で評価した。
×:濁りがある。
TG−DTAは、示差熱熱重量同時測定装置(エスアイアイ・ナノテクノロジー(株)製「TG−DTA6200」)を用いて、以下の条件で測定した。
雰囲気:N2300mL/min
温度範囲:30〜550℃
昇温速度:5℃/min
サンプルパン:Al。
抵抗率計(三菱化学アナリテック(株)製「ロレスタGP MCP−T610」)を用いて、4探針法により6点計測し、平均値を算出した。
デスクトップX線回折装置((株)リガク製「MiniFlex II」)を用いて、開始角度10°、終了角度110.005°、サンプリング幅0.015°、スキャンスピード毎分10.0°、電圧30kV、電流15mAで測定した。
[保護層用重合体(p−MOMPO)の合成]
乾燥窒素雰囲気下、精製したトルエン3.1mL、精製したヘプタン0.25mL、テトラヒドロフラン(THF)0.4mL、及び2−メトキシ−1−メチルプロピレンオキシド0.28mLを容器1に加え、均一になるように攪拌した。
[IBVE−HCl]=5mM
[GaCl3]=5mM
[THF]=1M。
1H−NMR(CDCl3):δ(ppm)4.4−4.2(m)、4.1−3.9(m)、3.7−3.3(m)、1.9−1.7(m)、1.4−1.1(m)、1.0−0.8(m)。
[保護層用重合体(p−ISB)の合成]
イソソルバイド(東京化成工業(株)製)5g及びピリジニウムパラトルエンスルホナート(東京化成工業(株)製)0.43gを、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート((株)ダイセル製)20gに加え、30℃以下でイソソルバイドジビニルエーテル((株)ダイセル製)6.78gを滴下した。滴下後40℃で4時間攪拌した。反応開始時はイソソルバイドの未溶解分が存在していたが、反応終了時にはイソソルバイドの未溶解分は消失していた。反応終了後、5重量%炭酸水素ナトリム水溶液及び水で洗浄し、有機層を減圧濃縮することで重合体7gを得た。この重合体の重量平均分子量Mwは5200であり、分子量分布(Mw/Mn)は2.2であった。得られた重合体のNMRデータを以下に示し、NMRチャートを図2に示す。
1H−NMR(CDCl3):δ(ppm)1.334−1.344(d)、1.386−1.397(d)、3.858−4.006(m)4.029−4.063(m)、4.232−4.352(m)、4.410−4.419(m)、4.526−4.567(m)、5.045−5.091(m)、6.352−6.487(m)。
[保護層用重合体(p−BDO)の合成]
1,4−ブタンジオール(東京化成工業(株)製)57.2g及びピリジニウムパラトルエンスルホナート(東京化成工業(株)製)1.59gを、モレキュラーシーブ(和光純薬工業(株)製「4A 1/16」)で脱水したプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート((株)ダイセル製)265gに加え攪拌した後、40℃で1,4−ブタンジオールジビニルエーテル(シグマアルドリッチ社製)100.2gを滴下した。滴下後、40℃で2時間攪拌した。反応終了後、ブチルアミン5gを添加し反応をクエンチした。次いで、酢酸エチルを加えた後、水で洗浄し有機層を減圧濃縮することで重合体(ポリマー)を72%の収率で得た。この重合体の重量平均分子量Mwは9000であり、分子量分布(Mw/Mn)は2.1であった。得られた重合体のNMRデータを以下に示し、NMRチャートを図3に示す。
1H−NMR(CDCl3):δ(ppm)1.285−1.295(d)、1.617−1.633(m)、3.387−3.457(m)、3.554−3.629(m)、4.651−4.683(q)、6.441−6.482(dd)。
[p−MOMPOで被覆された銅粒子の合成]
0.4Mのアンモニアを含むテトラヒドロフラン溶液20mLに重合体の合成例1で得られたp−MOMPOを1.2802g室温で溶解した後、酸化銅(II)(日進ケムコ(株)製「N−130」)0.8094gを加えて攪拌しながら60℃まで加熱し、攪拌した状態で1Mのヒドラジンを含むテトラヒドロフラン溶液24mLを添加した。添加12分後に反応液からの発泡が確認された。発泡終了後60℃で2時間反応を継続した。反応終了後、生成した粒子を口径0.2μmのフィルターでろ過し、ろ過した粒子をテトラヒドロフラン、水で洗浄、室温で真空乾燥することで、p−MOMPOで被覆された銅微粒子(複合微粒子)0.5gを得た。この複合微粒子をSEM(50000倍)で観察し、粒径を測定したところ、メディアン径123.8nmであった。SEMの測定結果を図5に示す。
[p−ISBで被覆された銅粒子の合成]
重合体の合成例2で得られたp−ISB3.3gと硫酸銅(II)5水和物12.5gを蒸留水10mLに添加し、50℃で1時間攪拌し、溶解させた。この混合液にヒドラジン1水和物12.5mLを加え50℃で3時間攪拌し反応させた。反応液に蒸留水を添加し、5000rpmで5分間遠心沈降し、デカンテーションで2回洗浄した後、さらにエタノールを添加し、5000rpmで5分間遠心沈降し、デカンテーションで2回洗浄した。得られた粒子を窒素雰囲気下室温で乾燥し、p−ISBで被覆された銅微粒子(複合微粒子)3.2gを得た。この複合微粒子をSEM(50000倍)で観察し、粒径を測定したところ、メディアン径90nmであった。SEMの測定結果を図6に示す。
[p−BDOで被覆された銅粒子の合成]
テトラヒドロフラン500mLに、重合体の合成例3で得られたp−BDOを1.67g室温で溶解した後、酸化銅(II)(日進ケムコ(株)製「N−130」)を20g加えて攪拌しながら50℃まで加熱し、この混合液にヒドラジン1水和物12.5mLを加え50℃で3時間攪拌し反応させた。反応液に蒸留水加え5000rpmで5分間遠心沈降を行い、デカンテーションで2回洗浄を行った後、さらにエタノールを添加し、5000rpmで5分間遠心沈降し、デカンテーションで2回洗浄した。得られた銅粒子を窒素雰囲気下室温で乾燥することで、p−BDOで被覆された銅微粒子(複合微粒子)16.02gを得た。この複合微粒子をSEM(25000倍)で観察し粒径を測定したところ、メディアン径150.9nmであった。SEMの測定結果を図7に示す。また、複合微粒子のX線回折(XRD)を測定した。XRDの測定結果を図8に示す。
(銅インクの製造と焼成評価)
p−MOMPOで被覆された銅微粒子(複合微粒子)を60メッシュの篩にて篩分けし、篩を通過した複合微粒子について乳鉢で粉砕した。この複合微粒子0.1260gにメタノール50mLを添加してミキサー((株)シンキー製「自転/公転Hybrid−Mixer」)で8分間攪拌した後、40kHzの超音波を10分照射し、400メッシュのフィルターでろ過した。超高圧分散機((株)スギノマシン製「スターバースト」)を用いて、ろ液を、噴射圧150MPaで5回、100MPaで10回分散処理し、複合微粒子の分散液を得た。この分散液をメタノール含量が50重量%になるまで減圧下でメタノールを除去した後、酸発生剤(三新化学工業(株)製「SI−110L」)を複合微粒子に対して0.1重量%添加し、銅インクを得た。この銅インクをアルミナ板にドクターブレードを用いて20μmの膜厚で塗布し、150℃、3%水素混合窒素下で4時間焼成を行った。焼成後の塗膜の表面抵抗は0.232Ω/□であった。複合微粒子、塗工後の塗膜及び焼成膜のX線回折(XRD)を測定した。XRDの測定結果を図9に示す。
p−ISBで被覆された銅微粒子(複合微粒子)3.0g及びα−テルピネオール7.0gをメタノール30mLに添加した後、ミキサー((株)シンキー製「自転/公転Hybrid−Mixer」)で32分間攪拌した。攪拌後、超高圧分散機((株)スギノマシン製「スターバースト」)を用いて、噴射圧150MPaで5回分散処理し、複合微粒子の分散液を得た。この分散液を減圧下で濃縮し、メタノールを除去した後、この濃縮液1.4mLにギ酸0.13mLを添加し、銅インクを得た。この銅インクをアルミナ板にドクターブレードを用いて40μmの膜厚で塗布し、60℃、窒素下で2時間脱媒した後150℃、3%水素混合窒素下で2時間焼成した。焼成後の塗膜の電気抵抗率は0.3036Ω/□であった。複合微粒子、塗工後の塗膜及び焼成膜のX線回折(XRD)を測定した。XRDの測定結果を図10に示す。
実施例1で酸発生剤を添加しなかった以外は実施例1と同様に銅インクを得た。この銅インクをアルミナ板にドクターブレードを用いて20μmの膜厚で塗布し、200℃、空気下で4時間脱媒したのち、200℃、3%水素混合窒素下で2時間焼成した。焼成後の塗膜の電気抵抗率は0.071Ω/□であった。複合微粒子、塗工後の塗膜、脱媒後の塗膜及び焼成膜のX線回折(XRD)を測定した。XRDの測定結果を図11に示す。
(銅粒子のホットプレスによる導電性評価)
複合微粒子の合成例3で得られた複合微粒子1gと酸発生剤(三新化学工業(株)製「SI−100」)10mgを混合し、表2の温度毎に空気下、100MPaで30分間ホットプレス(φ13mm)を実施した。一方、複合微粒子の合成例3で得られた複合微粒子1gを、表2の温度毎に空気下、100MPaで30分間ホットプレス(φ13mm)を実施した。得られた銅膜の膜厚及び比抵抗率を表2に示す。
Claims (15)
- 銅微粒子と、この銅微粒子の少なくとも一部の表面を被覆し、かつ酸分解性ポリマーを含む保護層とを含み、かつ平均粒径が10〜500nmである複合微粒子であって、
前記酸分解性ポリマーが、下記式(1)で表される繰り返し単位、下記式(2)で表される繰り返し単位、下記式(3)で表される繰り返し単位、又は下記式(4a)及び(4b)で表される二種の繰り返し単位を有する複合微粒子。
A 5 は、置換基を有していてもよい炭化水素基、−A 8 −(O−A 9 ) k −基(式中、A 8 及びA 9 は、それぞれ同一又は異なって、置換基を有していてもよい炭化水素基を示し、kは、1以上の整数である)を示し、
A 4 及びA 5 は異なる基である] - 酸分解性ポリマーで銅微粒子の少なくとも一部の表面を被覆する被覆工程を含む請求項1記載の複合微粒子の製造方法。
- 被覆工程において、酸分解性ポリマーの存在下で、銅酸化物、銅塩及び銅ハロゲン化物からなる群より選択された少なくとも1種の原料銅化合物を還元する請求項2記載の製造方法。
- 原料銅化合物が、酸化銅、硫酸銅、ギ酸銅、酢酸銅及び塩化銅からなる群より選択された少なくとも1種であり、還元剤としてヒドラジンを用いる請求項3記載の製造方法。
- 請求項1記載の複合微粒子及び分散媒を含む分散液。
- 分散媒が有機溶媒である請求項5記載の分散液。
- さらに酸性化合物及び/又は酸発生剤を含む請求項5又は6記載の分散液。
- さらに還元剤を含む請求項5〜7のいずれかに記載の分散液。
- 導電インク又は導電ペーストである請求項5〜8のいずれかに記載の分散液。
- 加圧下で分散処理する分散工程を含む請求項5〜9のいずれかに記載の分散液の製造方法。
- 基材の上に請求項5〜9のいずれかに記載の分散液を塗布する塗布工程を含む塗膜の製造方法。
- 請求項11記載の方法で得られた塗膜を加熱して焼成する焼成工程を含む焼成膜の製造方法。
- 焼成温度が200℃以下であり、不活性ガス雰囲気下で焼成する請求項12記載の製造方法。
- 得られた焼成膜の電気抵抗率が0.5Ω/□以下である請求項12又は13記載の製造方法。
- 請求項12〜14のいずれかに記載の製造方法で得られた焼成膜を配線基板として使用する方法。
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