JP6644014B2 - 用水処理方法 - Google Patents
用水処理方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6644014B2 JP6644014B2 JP2017057674A JP2017057674A JP6644014B2 JP 6644014 B2 JP6644014 B2 JP 6644014B2 JP 2017057674 A JP2017057674 A JP 2017057674A JP 2017057674 A JP2017057674 A JP 2017057674A JP 6644014 B2 JP6644014 B2 JP 6644014B2
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 72
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 18
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 66
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 41
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 40
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 38
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 34
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000000701 coagulant Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005352 clarification Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 17
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 8
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 8
- QTWJRLJHJPIABL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylphenol;3-methylphenol;4-methylphenol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1.CC1=CC=CC(O)=C1.CC1=CC=CC=C1O QTWJRLJHJPIABL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 7
- 229920003987 resole Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 238000010517 secondary reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 6
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002349 well water Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000020681 well water Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000008235 industrial water Substances 0.000 description 3
- -1 iron salt Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930040373 Paraformaldehyde Natural products 0.000 description 2
- HUMNYLRZRPPJDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CC=C1 HUMNYLRZRPPJDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920006317 cationic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- LEQAOMBKQFMDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N glyoxal Chemical compound O=CC=O LEQAOMBKQFMDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005374 membrane filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- QWVGKYWNOKOFNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N o-cresol Chemical class CC1=CC=CC=C1O QWVGKYWNOKOFNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002866 paraformaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- SMQUZDBALVYZAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N salicylaldehyde Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C=O SMQUZDBALVYZAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBBJYMSMWIIQGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propionic aldehyde Chemical compound CCC=O NBBJYMSMWIIQGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005708 Sodium hypochlorite Substances 0.000 description 1
- IKHGUXGNUITLKF-XPULMUKRSA-N acetaldehyde Chemical compound [14CH]([14CH3])=O IKHGUXGNUITLKF-XPULMUKRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003377 acid catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011001 backwashing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006482 condensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930003836 cresol Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011033 desalting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009296 electrodeionization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008394 flocculating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940015043 glyoxal Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- FBAFATDZDUQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M iron chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Fe] FBAFATDZDUQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- RUTXIHLAWFEWGM-UHFFFAOYSA-H iron(3+) sulfate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[Fe+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O RUTXIHLAWFEWGM-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 229910000360 iron(III) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005339 levitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003986 novolac Polymers 0.000 description 1
- QNGNSVIICDLXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N para-ethylbenzaldehyde Natural products CCC1=CC=C(C=O)C=C1 QNGNSVIICDLXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XZPVPNZTYPUODG-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[Cl-] XZPVPNZTYPUODG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
- C02F1/5209—Regulation methods for flocculation or precipitation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
- B01D61/04—Feed pretreatment
-
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- B01D21/01—Separation of suspended solid particles from liquids by sedimentation using flocculating agents
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- B01D35/02—Filters adapted for location in special places, e.g. pipe-lines, pumps, stop-cocks
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- B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
- B01D61/025—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration
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- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D3/00—Differential sedimentation
- B03D3/02—Coagulation
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- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
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- B03D3/06—Flocculation
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Description
(1) ブライン量は3.6m3/h以上が好ましい。
(2) 逆浸透膜は、標準圧力0.735MPaの超低圧膜が好ましい。膜面積は35〜41m2が好ましい。
(3) 初期純水フラックスは1.0m/d(25℃以上、0.735MPa)が好ましい。初期脱塩率は98%以上が好ましい。
(4) カルシウム硬度ランゲリア指数が0以下となるように回収率を設定することが好ましい。また、ブライン水中のシリカ濃度がシリカの溶解度以内となるように回収率を設定することが好ましい。回収率は50〜80%が好ましい。
井戸水を種々の凝集剤比で凝集処理した後、濾過処理し、凝集効果を試験した。
表1の通り、凝集剤比を0.01〜0.5とした実験例2〜5は、凝集剤比が0の実験例1よりもTOC濃度が低い。
<実験条件>
原水(野木町水:TOC0.9mg/L)に対して、フェノール性水酸基を有する高分子化合物(クリバーターBP−201(レゾール型))を表2の添加量にて添加後、塩化第二鉄を表2の添加量にて添加した。その後、孔径0.02μmの除濁膜にて濾過し、RO処理した。RO処理条件は以下の通りである。
<RO処理条件>
処理水量3.8L/min
循環水量15L/min
回収率65%
F:フラックス
F0:初期フラックス
T:時間
m:フラックス低下係数
表2のとおり、凝集剤比が同じであっても、フェノール性水酸基を有する高分子化合物の添加濃度が多くなると、差圧の上昇、又はフラックスの低下が認められた。これは、除濁膜への付着による差圧上昇、フェノール性水酸基を有する高分子化合物中の低分子成分の一部がROへリークして膜閉塞を引き起こしたものと考えられる。
実施例1において、カナディアンフルボを添加してTOCを表3の通りとした条件で、RO処理運転した。その際、フェノール性水酸基を有する高分子化合物と鉄系凝集剤は、凝集剤比を0.16に固定した条件(実施例3〜6)、鉄系凝集剤の濃度を変化させ、フェノール性水酸基を有する高分子化合物の濃度を固定した条件(比較例3〜6)で行った。なお、カナディアンフルボの添加は1週間に一度行い、1週間通水して除濁膜差圧、RO膜のフラックス挙動(フラックス低下係数)を評価した。結果を表3に示す。なお、TOCを添加する際、一旦RO膜の運転を停止した。各フラックス低下係数は、それぞれTOCを追添加する前のフラックスを初期フラックスとして換算している。
実施例3〜6と比較例3〜6とでは、鉄系凝集剤とフェノール性水酸基を有する高分子化合物それぞれの総添加量は同じである。凝集剤の添加量はいずれも適正範囲である。
Claims (2)
- 被処理水に凝集剤としてフェノール性水酸基を有する高分子化合物と鉄系凝集剤を添加する工程と、
この凝集水を除濁用濾過器で濾過する工程と、
この濾過水を逆浸透膜処理する工程と
を有する用水処理方法において、
フェノール性水酸基を有する高分子化合物添加濃度は1〜15mg/Lであり、
鉄系凝集剤の添加量を、原水のTOC濃度の変動範囲0.1〜5.0mg/Lに応じて5〜300mg/Lの範囲で制御する方法であって、
フェノール性水酸基を有する高分子化合物の添加濃度と鉄系凝集剤の添加濃度との比が0.01〜0.25の範囲において予め設定した所定の比率となるように該凝集剤の添加量を制御することを特徴とする用水処理方法。 - 請求項1において、前記凝集水を直接に前記除濁用濾過器に供給することを特徴とする用水処理方法。
Priority Applications (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2017057674A JP6644014B2 (ja) | 2017-03-23 | 2017-03-23 | 用水処理方法 |
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US16/490,161 US11077403B2 (en) | 2017-03-23 | 2017-09-15 | Water treatment method |
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JP2008264723A (ja) * | 2007-04-24 | 2008-11-06 | Toray Ind Inc | 不純物の凝集方法および凝集装置 |
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JP2018158310A (ja) | 2018-10-11 |
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