JP6634074B2 - レーザ焼結による積層造形用レーザ加工機およびそれに対応する方法 - Google Patents
レーザ焼結による積層造形用レーザ加工機およびそれに対応する方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
・粉末床技術(powder bed technology)に基づく積層造形
・金属蒸着(metal deposition)による積層造形
11 移送機構
11a,11b アーム
11c 懸垂線部
11d 支持部
12 可動要素
20 光学レーザアセンブリ(光学アセンブリ)(光学スキャン手段)(光学スキャナ)(光学ユニット)
21 コリメータ
22 ミラー
24 集束要素(光学スキャン手段)
25 集束レンズ(光学スキャン手段)
25 レンズ
26 静止ミラー
26 固定ミラー(光学スキャン手段)
27 配向ミラー(光学スキャン手段)
30 ツールキャリアフレーム(クラウン)
31 アクチュエータ
34 ノズル
34a ノズル
60 制御ユニット
61,62 パーソナルコンピュータ
62a 動作システム
62b 延長部
63 サーボ制御基板
100 作業空間
110 作業平面(作業基板)
Claims (20)
- 作業空間(100)内で可動であり、移動軸(X,Y,Z)の第1の系に従って動作し、作業基板上(100,110)で焼結される焼結粉末ジェットを放出するための一つ以上のノズル(34)を支持するように構成されている移送機構(11)と、
前記粉末を焼結させるように、前記作業基板(100,110)上で集束されるレーザスポット(S)にレーザビーム(L)を伝送するための光学レーザアセンブリ(20)と
を備え、
前記光学レーザアセンブリ(20)は前記移送機構(11)と一体的に連結されており、可動要素(12)もまた移動軸(u,v)の第2の系に従って動作する前記移送機構(11)と一体的に連結されており、前記可動要素(12)はツールキャリアフレーム(30)を備えており、前記ツールキャリアフレーム(30)には前記焼結粉末ジェットを放出するための一つ以上のノズル(34)が配置されており、前記ノズル(34)は、移動軸(u,v)の前記第2の系と関連付けられており、前記光学レーザアセンブリ(20)に対して可動であることを特徴とする、レーザ焼結による対象物の積層造形用のレーザ加工機。 - 前記光学レーザアセンブリ(20)は、前記作業空間(100)内に前記レーザスポット(S)を配置するために、移動軸(α,θ,ω)の第3の系に従って動作する光学スキャン手段(24,25,26,27)を備えることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の加工機。
- 焼結粉末ジェットを放出するための複数のノズル(34)は、前記ツールキャリアフレーム(30)に配置されており、
前記光学スキャン手段(24,25,26,27)は、前記焼結粉末ジェットを放出するための前記複数のノズル(34)によって画定される周縁部内の作業平面(110)上に、前記レーザビーム(L)を伝送するように配置されていることを特徴とする請求項2に記載のレーザ加工機。 - 保護ガスを放出するための一つ以上のノズル(34a)もまた前記ツールキャリアフレーム(30)に配置されていることを特徴とする、請求項2または請求項3に記載の加工機。
- 前記ノズル(34,34a)は予加熱手段を備える、請求項2から請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の加工機。
- 前記ノズル(34)の放出軸(U)は、粉末堆積点(PD)で交差するように配向されている、請求項3から請求項5のいずれか1項に記載の加工機。
- 前記ツールキャリアフレーム(30)と、前記複数のノズル(34)の前記配置とによって、円形の周縁部が画定されることを特徴とする、請求項3から請求項6のいずれか1項に記載の加工機。
- 前記移動軸(X,Y,Z)の前記第1の系は、デカルト座標系における三軸を備えることを特徴とする、請求項2から請求項7のいずれか1項に記載の加工機。
- 前記移動軸(u,v)の前記第2の系は、前記ツールキャリアフレーム(30)を傾動可能にするための一つ以上の回転軸を備え、前記回転軸は、前記移動軸(u,v)の前記第2の系に含まれている並進軸(u,v)の下流に配置されていることを特徴とする、請求項2から請求項8のいずれか1項に記載の加工機。
- 前記移動軸(u,v)の前記第2の系は、三次元空間に独自の配向性を有して前記ツールキャリアフレーム(30)を配置するように構成されている平行運動機械によって実現されることを特徴とする、請求項2から請求項9のいずれか1項に記載の加工機。
- 前記移動軸(α,θ,ω)の前記第3の系は、前記作業平面(110)に入射する前記レーザビーム(L)の軸(I)の二つの互いに直交する回転軸(θ,ω)と、前記レーザビーム(L)の前記軸(I)に沿った並進軸(α)とを備えることを特徴とする、請求項3に記載の加工機。
- 前記光学スキャン手段(24,25,26,27)は、
光軸(α)に沿ってレーザビーム(L)を受け、前記レーザスポット(S)の移動を実行するために前記光軸(α)に沿って可動であるレンズ(25)を備える集束要素(24)と
前記集束要素(24)から出た前記レーザビーム(L)を受け、前記作業平面(110)に入射する前記レーザビーム(L)の前記軸(I)に沿って前記レーザビームを反射するように配置されている配向ミラー(27)に向かって前記レーザビーム(L)を反射する固定ミラー(26)と
を備え、
前記軸(I)は休止状態で前記作業平面に直交し、前記配向ミラー(27)は前記二つの回転軸(θ,ω)に沿って前記軸(I)を配向するように動かされることを特徴とする、請求項11に記載の加工機。 - 前記光学レーザアセンブリ(20)は、レーザアブレーション処理を実行するために、積層造形に関連して発生し得る加工欠陥を改良するように、前記焼結を実行する第1レーザ源に対して代替的に動作可能である第2レーザ源と関連付けられていることを特徴とする、請求項2から請求項12のいずれか1項に記載の加工機。
- 焼結が実行される作業平面(110)の領域を監視するために、加工処理で起こり得る欠陥の存在を検出するように、前記可動要素(12)と関連付けられた視覚システムを備えることを特徴とする、請求項2から請求項13のいずれか1項に記載の加工機。
- 粉末放出経路(PP)に従って前記ツールキャリアフレーム(30)における前記一つ以上のノズル(34)を通じて作業平面(110)上で焼結される材料の粉末を放出するための前記粉末放出経路(PP)を設定し、
焼結を実行するために前記粉末放出経路(PP)に従って放出された前記粉末上に、レーザ焼結経路(LP)に従って前記光学レーザアセンブリ(20)を通じて前記レーザビーム(L)を集束点(S)に伝送するための前記レーザ焼結経路(LP)を設定し、
前記レーザ焼結経路(LP)および前記粉末放出経路(PP)を実現するための各軸を介した軌道を実行するように、数値的な制御ユニット(50)とサーボ制御モジュール(53)とによって、加工機の軸に関連付けられたレーザ加工機(10)のアクチュエータ(31)に命令する
ことを含み、
前記アクチュエータに命令する動作は動作モードを含んでおり、前記可動要素(12)の前記アクチュエータ(31)は前記光学レーザアセンブリ(20)に関して可動である態様の前記ツールキャリアフレーム(30)を動かするように命令されている、請求項2から請求項14のいずれか1項に記載のレーザ加工機によるレーザ焼結によって対象物を積層造形する方法。 - 前記ツールキャリアフレーム(30)を動かすための前記可動要素(12)の前記アクチュエータに対して、前記粉末放出経路(PP)から生成される粉末放出軌道または前記軌道の成分を与え、
前記光学レーザアセンブリ(20)の前記光学スキャン手段(24,25,26,27)の前記アクチュエータに対して、前記レーザ焼結経路(LP)から生成される焼結軌道または前記軌道の成分を与える
ことを特徴とする、請求項15に記載の方法。 - 前記移送機構(11)上で前記粉末放出軌道の成分および/または前記焼結軌道の成分の分配、前記移送機構(11)の低い動的性の範囲の成分の分配を行うことを特徴とする、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 前記分配は、前記粉末放出軌道または前記焼結軌道から前記移送機構(11)上に分配された成分を減算し、前記減算から得られた軌道成分を、前記可動要素(12)または前記光学スキャン手段(24,25,26,27)にそれぞれ割り当てることを含んでいることを特徴とする、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 前記焼結軌道は、時間遅れをもって前記粉末放出軌道に続くことを特徴とする、請求項16から請求項18のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記粉末放出経路(PP)の所定点における放出流量を増加させることによって前記作業平面(110)上で粉末領域(PB)に堆積させるように前記粉末放出経路(PP)とともに流量を調整する命令を送り、前記レーザ焼結経路(LP)が前記粉末領域(PB)内の形状に従ってレーザスポット(S)を移動させるように命令することを特徴とする、請求項15または請求項16に記載の方法。
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