JP6632607B2 - 抗微生物免疫修飾 - Google Patents
抗微生物免疫修飾 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6632607B2 JP6632607B2 JP2017508718A JP2017508718A JP6632607B2 JP 6632607 B2 JP6632607 B2 JP 6632607B2 JP 2017508718 A JP2017508718 A JP 2017508718A JP 2017508718 A JP2017508718 A JP 2017508718A JP 6632607 B2 JP6632607 B2 JP 6632607B2
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Description
大部分の動物は、他の生物、例えば、宿主動物と共生または片利共生関係で一般に存在する細菌によってある程度までコロニー形成される。このように、通常無害な細菌の多くの種が、健康な動物において見られ、特定の器官及び組織の表面に通常は局在している。多くの場合、これらの細菌は、身体の正常な機能を補助する。例えば、ヒトにおいて、共生のE.coli細菌は、腸において見られ得、免疫を促進して、より毒性の病原体による感染のリスクを低減する。
細菌種は、同様の株(通常の形態学的ではなく識別可能な生理学的区別によって推定される共通の祖先の群を一般に指すが、細菌表面抗原に対して血清学的技術を使用して同定され得る)の集合として運用上分類されることが当業者によって理解される。このように、各細菌種(例えば、Streptococcus pneumoniae)は、感染を引き起こす可能性が異なり得、特定の器官/部位において感染を引き起こす可能性が異なり得る多くの株(または血清型)を有する。例えば、少なくとも90種のStreptococcus pneumoniaeの血清型が存在するが、血清型1、3、4、7、8、及び12は、最も頻繁に、ヒトにおける肺炎球菌疾患の原因となる。
本発明の組成物は、特定の組織または器官において病原性である病原性微生物(細菌またはウイルス)種の抗原を含む。組成物は、細菌種全体を含んでいても、本発明の病原性細菌種の抽出物または調製物、例えば、細胞壁若しくは細胞膜抽出物、または細胞全体、または外毒素、あるいは細胞全体及び外毒素を含んでいてよい。組成物は、本発明の病原性細菌種の1種以上から単離された1種以上の抗原を含んでいてもよく、いくつかの実施形態において、かかる組成物は、特定用量の特定の抗原を正確に投与することが必要である場合がある状況において有用である場合があり、または、細菌種全体若しくはその成分(例えば、毒素)を投与することが有害である場合があるときに有用である場合がある。病原性細菌種は、(例えば、ATCC(マナサス、ヴァージニア州、USA)から)商業的に入手可能であってよく、または組織若しくは器官の細菌感染(例えば、肺炎)を有する対象からの臨床分離株であってよい。
実施例1a:マウスにおける単球/マクロファージ及び樹状細胞集団に対しての熱不活性化Klebsiella pneumoniae抗原性組成物の影響を示す。
本明細書に記載されている抗原性組成物と併せて使用される、本明細書に記載されているインビボモデルにおけるM1/M2表現型を調査することに焦点を当てて、以下の実験を実施した。簡潔には、5匹のマウス/群を、0、2、4、及び6日目に、PBS、E.coli結腸抗原性組成物、またはK.pneumoniae抗原性組成物のいずれかによって処置した。実験の7日目に、マウスを犠牲死させ、気管支肺胞洗浄を実施した。その後、肺及び近位結腸を除去し、酵素消化させた。消化後、回収した細胞を洗浄し、I−A/I−E FITC(MHCクラスII;M5/114.15.2)に特異的な抗体;抗Gr−1PE(RB6−8C5_;抗CD11b PerCP−Cy5(M1/70);抗CD11c APC(N418)によって染色した。全ての抗体を、eBioscience(サンディエゴ、カリフォルニア州)から取得した。肺細胞を計数し、細胞の合計数を求めた(結腸を計数しなかった、なぜなら、試料間で等しい量の結腸を除去しなかったからである)。20分間染色した後、細胞を洗浄し、FACSによって分析した。対応する図5に示す各データ点は、1匹のマウスについての生存するゲートにおけるCD11b+Gr−1+細胞の頻度を表す。図5に示されているように、E.coli抗原性組成物による処置は、処置マウスの結腸における炎症性単球の頻度の増加をもたらす。
実施例3a:K.pneumoniae誘発抗原性製剤(SSI)が、肺におけるS.pneumoniae負荷に対して防御する。
この実施例は、付着侵襲性E.coli(AIEC)をクリアにする能力が低減したマウスの129e株において、結腸における慢性IBD様感染を誘発するAIECの特定の種(NRG857)を使用する、炎症性腸管疾患のマウスモデルにおける抗微生物療法を示す。
第1態様において、この例は、全死滅E.coliSSI製剤が、S.entericaに対する防御において有効であることを示す。図11に示されているように、SSI処置マウスは、生理食塩水処置マウスよりも有意に少ない細菌を脾臓において有し(p<0.0001)、SSI処置マウスは、生理食塩水処置マウスよりも少ないピークの体重減少を有した(p<0.02)。
この実施例は、皮膚感染のマウスモデルにおける標的化された異種抗微生物療法を示し、標的組織の微生物病原体に由来する抗原性製剤の効能が改良されたことを示している。マウスを本発明(0.03ml/注射)の選択された抗原性製剤によって14日間処置し、次いで、6.5×105CFUの皮内注射によってPseudomonas aeruginosa(PA14)による負荷を行った。3日後、皮膚を無菌切除し、ホモジナイズし、Pseudomonas選択寒天プレートを使用して、細菌負荷について評価した。図13は、QBSAU(S.aureus誘発SSI)が、皮膚におけるP.aeruginosa負荷に対して防御し、QBKPN(マウスモデルにおける皮膚病原体ではない)と比較して、QBSAUの後に、細菌数が有意に低減したことを示している。上記の手順を繰り返し反復すると、結果、図14に示されているように、結果を再現した(n=8マウス/群)。
この実施例は、肺感染の老年マウスモデルにおける標的化された異種抗微生物療法を示し、Klebsiella pneumoniae SSI(QBKPN)が、老化マウスの肺におけるS.pneumoniae負荷に対して防御することを示している。図17は、高齢マウス(図17B)の生存利益が、若年マウス(図17A)よりも顕著であったことを示す。図18は、裏付けとなるデータを示し、QBKPNが、老化マウスにおいて、S.pneumoniaeによる負荷の後の体重減少を低減させ、この利益が、若年マウスと比較して、老化マウスでより大きいことを示している。
この実施例において、マウスに、QBKPN若しくはQBECO SSI、またはビヒクルを、他の実施例に概説されているプロトコルにしたがって14日間注射した。マウスに、次いで、ルシフェラーゼレポーターを駆動するように遺伝子操作されているウイルスであるマウスヘルペスウイルス68(MHV68)による経鼻負荷を行った。MHV68は、肺感染を研究するためのモデルウイルス病原体である。負荷の3日後に、マウスに300μgのルシフェリンを注射し、10分後、マウスを犠牲死させ、肺を切除し、Xenogen IVISイメージャーによって画像化した。肺における発光は、活性ウイルス感染及び複製の指標である。
本発明の種々の実施形態を本明細書において開示しているが、多くの改変及び変更が、当業者の一般知識にしがたって本発明の範囲内でなされてよい。かかる変更は、実質的に同じ方法で同じ結果を得るために、本発明の任意の態様について、公知の等価の置換を含む。いくつかの実施形態において、本発明は、医療または手術的処置を含むステップを排除している。数値範囲は、当該範囲を定義する数を含む。本明細書において、語「含む(comprising)」という語は、句「含む(including)が、限定されない」と実質的に等価である、オープンエンドの用語として使用されており、「含む(comprises)」という語は、対応する意味を有する。本明細書における参照文献の引用は、かかる参照文献が本発明の先行技術であるという承認として解釈されてはならない。全ての出版物は、各個々の出版物が、参照により本明細書に組み込まれることを具体的かつ個々に示すが如く、また、本明細書に完全に記載されているかのように、参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。本発明は、上記に記載されているように、また、実施例及び図面を参照して、実質的に、全ての実施形態及び変形例を含む。
Claims (16)
- クレブシエラ ニューモニエ(Klebsiella pneumoniae)の死滅細胞全体又は弱毒化細胞を含む、微生物病原体による脊椎動物宿主の肺組織における感染の治療的又は予防的処置に使用するための抗原性製剤であって、
前記微生物病原体が、ストレプトコッカス ニューモニエ(Streptococcus pneumoniae)、シュードモナス エルギノーサ(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)、又はウイルス性の肺病原体であり、
前記抗原性製剤が、前記宿主の免疫系を調節するための有効量で投与部位に投与され、かつ、少なくとも1時間の投薬間隔で付与される少なくとも2回以上の連続投薬で投与される、前記抗原性製剤。 - 連続投薬が、最短である2日間から最長である1ヶ月間の間の期間にわたってなされる、請求項1に記載の抗原性製剤。
- 投与が少なくとも1週間継続される、請求項1又は2に記載の抗原性製剤。
- 投与部位が、皮膚又は皮下組織である、請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の抗原性製剤。
- 投与部位が、腸内、非腸内、又は気道である、請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の抗原性製剤。
- 投与部位が、肺でない、請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の抗原性製剤。
- 投薬期間が、少なくとも2週間である、請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載の抗原性製剤。
- 各用量が投与部位において限局性の炎症性免疫応答を引き起こすのに有効であるように投与される、請求項1〜7のいずれかに記載の抗原性製剤。
- 投与部位における可視限局性炎症が1〜48時間以内に起こるように投与され、任意で毎日又は一日おきに皮下投与される、請求項8に記載の抗原性製剤。
- 微生物病原体による感染に対する防御免疫を付与するのに有効な投薬計画で投与される、請求項1〜9のいずれかに記載の抗原性製剤。
- 宿主が、ヒト患者であり、
任意で前記患者が、免疫抑制又は免疫不全状態にある、請求項1〜10のいずれかに記載の抗原性製剤。 - 患者が、高齢患者又は小児患者である、請求項11に記載の抗原性製剤。
- 患者が、院内感染のリスクがある、請求項11又は12に記載の抗原性製剤。
- 第2異種微生物病原体の死滅細胞全体又は弱毒化細胞を含む、第1微生物病原体による脊椎動物宿主の標的組織における感染の治療的又は予防的処置に使用するための抗原性製剤であって、
前記抗原性製剤が、前記宿主の免疫系を調節するための有効量で投与部位に投与され、かつ、少なくとも1時間の投薬間隔で付与される少なくとも2回以上の連続投薬で投与され、
前記第1微生物病原体が、ストレプトコッカス ニューモニエ(Streptococcus pneumoniae)又はシュードモナス エルギノーサ(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)であり、前記第2異種微生物病原体が、クレブシエラ ニューモニエ(Klebsiella pneumoniae)であり、かつ、前記標的組織が、肺であるか;或いは
前記第1微生物病原体が、シュードモナス エルギノーサ(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)であり、前記第2異種微生物病原体が、スタフィロコッカス アウレウス(Staphylococcus aureus)であり、かつ、前記標的組織が皮膚であるか;或いは
前記第1微生物病原体が、ウイルス性の肺病原体であり、前記第2異種微生物病原体が、クレブシエラ ニューモニエ(Klebsiella pneumoniae)であり、前記標的組織が肺であり;
任意で前記宿主がヒト患者である、前記抗原性製剤。 - 連続投薬が、最短である2日間から最長である1ヶ月間の間の期間にわたってなされる、請求項14に記載の抗原性製剤。
- 投与が少なくとも1週間継続される、請求項14又は15に記載の抗原性製剤。
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