JP6576931B2 - 共重合体および成形体 - Google Patents
共重合体および成形体 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6576931B2 JP6576931B2 JP2016542604A JP2016542604A JP6576931B2 JP 6576931 B2 JP6576931 B2 JP 6576931B2 JP 2016542604 A JP2016542604 A JP 2016542604A JP 2016542604 A JP2016542604 A JP 2016542604A JP 6576931 B2 JP6576931 B2 JP 6576931B2
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Classifications
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- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
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- C08F220/18—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols of phenols or of alcohols containing two or more carbon atoms with acrylic or methacrylic acids
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- C08F220/1804—C4-(meth)acrylate, e.g. butyl (meth)acrylate, isobutyl (meth)acrylate or tert-butyl (meth)acrylate
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- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F230/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and containing phosphorus, selenium, tellurium or a metal
- C08F230/02—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and containing phosphorus, selenium, tellurium or a metal containing phosphorus
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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Description
樹脂の難燃性を高める方法として、樹脂に塩基性炭酸マグネシウムなどの無機化合物を配合した樹脂組成物が知られている(例えば特許文献1参照)。しかしながら、かかる樹脂組成物は、通常、透明性が低いため、光学材料などの高い透明性を求められる用途には適さない。
メタクリル酸、アクリル酸、式(2a)で示されるラジカル重合性単量体、および式(2b)で示されるラジカル重合性単量体からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一つのラジカル重合性単量体(2)に由来する構造単位(II)と、
メタクリル酸メチルに由来する構造単位(III)とを含有し、且つ
式(1)で示されるホスホネート系単量体に由来するリン原子の含有量が共重合体の質量に対して1.0質量%以上2.0質量%未満である、共重合体。
メタクリル酸またはアクリル酸に由来する構造単位の合計含有量が共重合体の質量に対して1〜12質量%である〔1〕に記載の共重合体。
〔3〕構造単位(III)の含有量が共重合体の質量に対して50質量%以上80質量%以下である〔1〕または〔2〕に記載の共重合体。
〔4〕構造単位(II)の含有量が共重合体の質量に対して5質量%以上30質量%以下である〔1〕〜〔3〕のいずれかひとつに記載の共重合体。
式(2a)中のR5が、ノルボルニル基、イソボルニル基、トリシクロデカニル基、ジシクロペンタジエニル基、アダマンチル基、または4−t−ブチルシクロヘキシル基である〔1〕〜〔4〕のいずれかひとつに記載の共重合体。
〔6〕ガラス転移温度が115℃以上である〔1〕〜〔5〕のいずれかひとつに記載の共重合体。
〔7〕重量平均分子量が15万以上である〔1〕〜〔6〕のいずれかひとつに記載の共重合体。
〔9〕2mm以上の厚さを有する〔8〕に記載の成形体。
式(1)中のR1は、水素原子またはメチル基を表す。
式(1)中のR2は、炭素数1〜4のアルキレン基を表す。アルキレン基は2価の炭化水素基である。アルキレン基としては、例えば、メチレン基、エチレン基(別名:ジメチレン基)、トリメチレン基、プロピレン基(別名:プロパン−1,2−ジイル基)、テトラメチレン基、ブタン−1,2−ジイル基、ブタン−1,3−ジイル基などが挙げられる。これらのうち経済性の観点からメチレン基またはエチレン基が好ましい。
多環脂肪族炭化水素基としては、例えば、ノルボルニル基、イソボルニル基、トリシクロデカニル基、ジシクロペンタジエニル基、アダマンチル基、フェンキル基、デカリン基などが挙げられる。これらのうち、ノルボルニル基、イソボルニル基、トリシクロデカニル基、ジシクロペンタジエニル基、アダマンチル基が好ましい。
アルキル置換単環脂肪族炭化水素基としては、例えば、4−メチルシクロヘキシル基、2−メチルシクロヘキシル基、4−イソプロピルシクロヘキシル基、2−イソプロピルシクロヘキシル基、4−t−ブチルシクロヘキシル基、2−t−ブチルシクロヘキシル基などが挙げられる。これらのうち4−t−ブチルシクロヘキシル基が好ましい。
本発明の共重合体に含まれる構造単位(III)は、透明性の観点からその下限量が、共重合体の質量に対して、好ましくは50質量%、より好ましくは55質量%、さらに好ましくは58質量%、最も好ましくは60質量%であり、耐燃性の観点からその上限量が、共重合体の質量に対して、好ましくは80質量%、より好ましくは75質量%、さらに好ましくは72質量%、最も好ましくは70質量%である。
これらラジカル重合性単量体(4)は、1種単独でまたは2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。なお、「(メタ)アクリル」は「メタクリルまたはアクリル」を意味する。
なお、重量平均分子量および分子量分布は、GPC(ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィ)で測定した標準ポリスチレン換算の値である。
かかる重量平均分子量および分子量分布は、重合開始剤および連鎖移動剤の種類や量などを調整することによって制御できる。
なお、上記したイエロインデックスは、JIS Z8722に準拠して測定した値を元にJIS K7373に準拠して算出した黄色度の値である。
リン系酸化防止剤とヒンダードフェノール系酸化防止剤とを併用する場合、その割合は特に制限されないが、リン系酸化防止剤/ヒンダードフェノール系酸化防止剤の質量比で、好ましくは1/5〜2/1、より好ましくは1/2〜1/1である。
該熱劣化防止剤としては、2−t−ブチル−6−(3’−t−ブチル−5’−メチル−ヒドロキシベンジル)−4−メチルフェニルアクリレート(住友化学社製;商品名スミライザーGM)、2,4−ジ−t−アミル−6−(3’,5’−ジ−t−アミル−2’−ヒドロキシ−α−メチルベンジル)フェニルアクリレート(住友化学社製;商品名スミライザーGS)などが挙げられる。
紫外線吸収剤としては、ベンゾフェノン類、ベンゾトリアゾール類、トリアジン類、ベンゾエート類、サリシレート類、シアノアクリレート類、蓚酸アニリド類、マロン酸エステル類、ホルムアミジン類などが挙げられる。これらの中でも、ベンゾトリアゾール類、トリアジン類、または波長380〜450nmにおけるモル吸光係数の最大値εmaxが100dm3・mol-1cm-1以下である紫外線吸収剤が好ましい。
これら紫外線吸収剤の中、紫外線被照による樹脂劣化が抑えられるという観点からベンゾトリアゾール類が好ましく用いられる。
該重合体粒子は、単一組成比および単一極限粘度の重合体からなる単層粒子であってもよいし、また組成比または極限粘度の異なる2種以上の重合体からなる多層粒子であってもよい。この中でも、内層に5dl/g未満の極限粘度を有する重合体層を有し、外層に5dl/g以上の極限粘度を有する重合体層を有する2層構造の粒子が好ましいものとして挙げられる。高分子加工助剤は、それ全体として、極限粘度が3〜6dl/gであることが好ましい。
光拡散剤や艶消し剤としては、ガラス微粒子、ポリシロキサン系架橋微粒子、架橋ポリマー微粒子、タルク、炭酸カルシウム、硫酸バリウムなどが挙げられる。
蛍光体として、蛍光顔料、蛍光染料、蛍光白色染料、蛍光増白剤、蛍光漂白剤などが挙げられる。
繊維としては、ガラス繊維、カーボン繊維などが挙げられる。
積層体の作製法は、特に制限されない。例えば、2種以上の重合体を同時に押出成形する方法(共押出法);2以上の成形体を熱、超音波、高周波などで融着させる方法(融着法);2以上の成形体を紫外線硬化性接着剤、熱硬化性接着剤、放射線硬化性接着剤などで接着する方法(接着法);シートやフィルムなどを金型内にセットしそこに溶融した重合体を流し込んで成形する方法(インサート成形法);他の基材を化学蒸着または物理蒸着によって堆積させる方法(蒸着法);他の基材を含む塗料を塗布して膜を形成する方法(塗布法)等が挙げられる。また、融着法または接着法においては、融着させる面もしくは接着する面を、融着または接着の前に、公知のプライマーで表面処理してもよいし、コロナ放電処理、プラズマ処理などしてもよい。
装置:核磁気共鳴装置(Bruker社製 ULTRA SHIELD 400 PLUS)
溶媒: 重クロロホルム
測定核種: 1H
測定温度: 室温
積算回数: 64回
ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー(GPC)による測定に基づき、ポリスチレン換算値で共重合体の重量平均分子量および分子量分布を決定した。ここでは、GPC装置として、東ソー株式会社製のHLC−8320(品番)を用い、カラムとして、東ソー株式会社製のTSKgel SuperMultipore HZM−Mの2本とSuperHZ4000の1本を直列に繋いだものを用いた。
溶離剤: テトラヒドロフラン
溶離剤流量: 0.35ml/分
カラム温度: 40℃
検量線: 標準ポリスチレン10点を用いて作成
樹脂ペレットを、230℃にて熱プレス成形し、厚さ3.2mmのシート状の成形体を得た。JIS K7361−1に準じて、村上色彩研究所製、HR−100(品番)を用いて、光路長3.2mmにおける全光線透過率を測定した。
厚さ3.2mmの試験片を用いて、JISK7136に準拠して、ヘイズメータ(村上色彩研究所製、HM−150)を用いて光路長3.2mmにおけるヘイズ(H)を測定した。
厚さ3.2mmの試験片を用いて、日本電色工業株式会社製の測色色差計ZE−2000を用い、JIS Z8722に準拠して光路長3.2mmで測定した値を元にJIS K7373に準拠して算出した黄色度の値をイエロインデックス(YI)とした。
樹脂ペレットを、JIS K7121に準拠して、230℃まで一度昇温し、次いで室温まで冷却し、その後室温から230℃までを10℃/分で昇温させる条件にて示差走査熱量測定法にてDSC曲線を測定した。2回目の昇温時に測定されるDSC曲線から求められる中間点ガラス転移温度を本発明におけるガラス転移温度として採用した。ここでは、測定装置として島津製作所製DSC−50(品番)を用いた。
長さ50mm×幅50mm×厚さ3.2mmの試験片を、50℃、667Pa(5mmHg)の環境下において3日間、乾燥させて、絶乾試験片を得た。絶乾試験片の質量W0を測定した。その後、絶乾試験片を温度23℃の水の中に浸漬させ2ヶ月間放置した。水から引き上げ後、試験片の質量W1を測定した。下式により飽和吸水率(%)を算出した。
飽和吸水率={(W1−W0)/W0}×100
JIS K6911(1995) 5.24 耐燃性 A法に準拠して、耐燃性の評価を行った。樹脂ペレットを、長さ約127mm、幅及び厚さそれぞれ12.7±0.5mmに成形して試験片を用意する。試験片の一端(自由端)から25mm及び100mmの箇所に標線を付けた。バーナーを傾斜角30度の支持台に載せ、鉛直線に対し30度傾斜した状態に保持した。空気の流れを感じない室内で、試験片の長さ方向が水平に、幅方向が水平に対して45°の角度に、試験片下端がバーナー青色炎の先端高さとなるように、一方の端をつかみ具を具備した実験用スタンドに保持した。試験片の自由端の下端に、バーナー青色炎の先端を30度の角度を保持して30秒間接触させ、炎を取り去ると同時にストップウオッチを始動させた。炎は試験片から450mm以上離しておき、試験片の炎が消えたときストップウオッチを止め、その時間を秒単位で読み取り、燃焼時間とした。このとき、試験片の炎が180秒間以上消えない場合は「可燃性」とした。消火後、試験片の燃焼した長さを下端で測り、燃焼距離をミリメートル(mm)単位で測定した。燃焼距離が25mm以下の場合は「不燃性」、25mmを超え100mm以下の場合は「自消性」とした。
15質量部のDEMMPO、15質量部のTCDMA、6質量部のMAA、62質量部のMMA、および2質量部のMAを混合して単量体混合物を得た。この単量体混合物に0.1質量部の重合開始剤(2,2’−アゾビス(2−メチルプロピオニトリル)、水素引抜能:1%、1時間半減期温度:83℃)を加え、溶解させて原料液を得た。
かかる原料液を、撥水処理したガラス板(厚さ10mm、30cm角)2枚と塩化ビニル樹脂製ガスケットより構成されるガラスセルに注入し、10mmHgにて3分間脱気した。このガラスセルを70℃にて2時間、次いで120℃にて2時間保持して単量体混合物を重合させた。次いでガラス板を取り除き、厚さ3.2mmのシート状成形体を得た。得られたシート状成形体から長さ127mm×幅13mm×厚さ3.2mmの試験片を切り出して、耐燃性、透明性および吸水性の評価を行った。
得られたシート状成形体は、非常に高い分子量の重合体で構成されているため溶媒に溶解せず、膨潤するのみであった。そのため、GPCによる分子量の測定はできなかった。推定重量平均分子量は100万g/mol以上である。ホスホネート系単量体(1)であるDEMMPO由来の構造単位(mol%)およびリン原子の含有量(質量%)は、膨潤した状態で1H−NMR測定することにより算出した。結果を表1に示す。
表1または2に示す処方に変えた以外は実施例1と同じ手法によって、厚さ3.2mmのシート状の成形体を得た。これらの試験片の評価を実施例1と同じ手法で実施した。結果を表1または表2に示す。
10質量部のDEMMPO、15質量部のTCDMA、6質量部のMAA、および69質量部のMMAを混合して単量体混合物を得た。この単量体混合物に0.1質量部の重合開始剤(2,2’−アゾビス(2−メチルプロピオニトリル)、水素引抜能:1%、1時間半減期温度:83℃)および0.1質量部の連鎖移動剤(n−オクチルメルカプタン)を加え、溶解させて原料液を得た。
100質量部のイオン交換水、0.03質量部の硫酸ナトリウムおよび0.46質量部の懸濁分散剤を混ぜ合わせて混合液を得た。
耐圧重合槽に、420質量部の前記混合液と210質量部の前記原料液を仕込み、窒素雰囲気下で撹拌しながら、温度を70℃にして重合反応を開始させた。重合反応開始後、3時間経過時に、温度を90℃に上げ、撹拌を引き続き1時間行って、ビーズ状の微粒子が分散した分散液を得た。
得られた分散液を濾過し、微粒子をイオン交換水で洗浄したのち、80℃で4時間、100Paで減圧乾燥し、ビーズ状の共重合体を得た。
得られた共重合体を230℃に制御された二軸押出機に供給して、未反応単量体などの揮発成分を分離除去し、次いで樹脂成分を押出成形してストランドにした。該ストランドをペレタイザーでカットし、ペレット状の成形体とした。
表1に示す処方に変えた以外は実施例3と同じ手法によって、ペレット状の成形体を得た。これらのペレット状の成形体の各種物性測定および試験片の評価を実施例1と同じ手法で実施した。結果を表1に示す。結果を表1に示す。
Claims (9)
- 式(1)で示されるホスホネート系単量体に由来する構造単位(I)と、
メタクリル酸、アクリル酸、式(2a)で示されるラジカル重合性単量体、および式(2b)で示されるラジカル重合性単量体からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一つのラジカル重合性単量体(2)に由来する構造単位(II)と、
メタクリル酸メチルに由来する構造単位(III)とを含有し、
構造単位(III)の含有量が共重合体の質量に対して50質量%以上80質量%以下であり、且つ
式(1)で示されるホスホネート系単量体に由来するリン原子の含有量が共重合体の質量に対して1.0質量%以上2.0質量%未満である、共重合体。
(式(1)中、R1は水素原子またはメチル基を表し、R2は炭素数1〜4のアルキレン基を表し、R3およびR4はそれぞれ独立に水素原子または炭素数1〜10のアルキル基を表す。)
(式(2a)中、R5は、多環脂肪族炭化水素基またはアルキル置換単環脂肪族炭化水素基を表す。)
(式(2b)中、R9は−CH2CHR10R11、−CHR10−CHR11R12または−CR10R11R13を表わし、R10、R11およびR13はそれぞれ独立に炭素数1〜3のアルキル基を表し、R12は水素原子または炭素数1〜3のアルキル基を表わす。) - 式(1)で示されるホスホネート系単量体に由来する構造単位(I)と、
メタクリル酸、アクリル酸、式(2a)で示されるラジカル重合性単量体、および式(2b)で示されるラジカル重合性単量体からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一つのラジカル重合性単量体(2)に由来する構造単位(II)と、
メタクリル酸メチルに由来する構造単位(III)とを含有し、
構造単位(II)が少なくとも式(2a)で示されるラジカル重合性単量体に由来する構造単位を含有しており、且つ
式(1)で示されるホスホネート系単量体に由来するリン原子の含有量が共重合体の質量に対して1.0質量%以上2.0質量%未満である、共重合体。
(式(1)中、R1は水素原子またはメチル基を表し、R2は炭素数1〜4のアルキレン基を表し、R3およびR4はそれぞれ独立に水素原子または炭素数1〜10のアルキル基を表す。)
(式(2a)中、R5は、ノルボルニル基、イソボルニル基、トリシクロデカニル基、ジシクロペンタジエニル基、アダマンチル基、または4−t−ブチルシクロヘキシル基を表す。)
(式(2b)中、R9は−CH2CHR10R11、−CHR10−CHR11R12または−CR10R11R13を表わし、R10、R11およびR13はそれぞれ独立に炭素数1〜3のアルキル基を表し、R12は水素原子または炭素数1〜3のアルキル基を表わす。) - 式(1)で示されるホスホネート系単量体に由来する構造単位(I)と、
メタクリル酸、アクリル酸、式(2a)で示されるラジカル重合性単量体、および式(2b)で示されるラジカル重合性単量体からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一つのラジカル重合性単量体(2)に由来する構造単位(II)と、
メタクリル酸メチルに由来する構造単位(III)とを含有し、
式(1)で示されるホスホネート系単量体に由来するリン原子の含有量が共重合体の質量に対して1.0質量%以上2.0質量%未満であり、且つ
ガラス転移温度が115℃以上である、共重合体。
(式(1)中、R1は水素原子またはメチル基を表し、R2は炭素数1〜4のアルキレン基を表し、R3およびR4はそれぞれ独立に水素原子または炭素数1〜10のアルキル基を表す。)
(式(2a)中、R5は、多環脂肪族炭化水素基またはアルキル置換単環脂肪族炭化水素基を表す。)
(式(2b)中、R9は−CH2CHR10R11、−CHR10−CHR11R12または−CR10R11R13を表わし、R10、R11およびR13はそれぞれ独立に炭素数1〜3のアルキル基を表し、R12は水素原子または炭素数1〜3のアルキル基を表わす。) - 構造単位(II)が少なくともメタクリル酸またはアクリル酸に由来する構造単位を含有しており、
メタクリル酸またはアクリル酸に由来する構造単位の合計含有量が共重合体の質量に対して1〜12質量%である請求項1〜3のいずれかひとつに記載の共重合体。 - 構造単位(II)の含有量が共重合体の質量に対して5質量%以上30質量%以下である請求項1〜4のいずれかひとつに記載の共重合体。
- 重量平均分子量が15万以上である請求項1〜5のいずれかひとつに記載の共重合体。
- 請求項1〜6のいずれかひとつに記載の共重合体を含有する成形体。
- 2mm以上の厚さを有する請求項7に記載の成形体。
- 0.1mm以上100mm未満の厚さを有する請求項7に記載の成形体。
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