JP6560314B2 - 高性能な防弾複合材料および製造方法 - Google Patents
高性能な防弾複合材料および製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6560314B2 JP6560314B2 JP2017180950A JP2017180950A JP6560314B2 JP 6560314 B2 JP6560314 B2 JP 6560314B2 JP 2017180950 A JP2017180950 A JP 2017180950A JP 2017180950 A JP2017180950 A JP 2017180950A JP 6560314 B2 JP6560314 B2 JP 6560314B2
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- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910000406 trisodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019801 trisodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001862 ultra low molecular weight polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004073 vulcanization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009816 wet lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
- D01F6/02—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D01F6/04—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds from polyolefins
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- D04H3/04—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments in rectilinear paths, e.g. crossing at right angles
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M10/00—Physical treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, e.g. ultrasonic, corona discharge, irradiation, electric currents, or magnetic fields; Physical treatment combined with treatment with chemical compounds or elements
- D06M10/02—Physical treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, e.g. ultrasonic, corona discharge, irradiation, electric currents, or magnetic fields; Physical treatment combined with treatment with chemical compounds or elements ultrasonic or sonic; Corona discharge
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- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/72—Density
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- B32B2571/00—Protective equipment
- B32B2571/02—Protective equipment defensive, e.g. armour plates or anti-ballistic clothing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
- B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
- D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
- D04H3/12—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with filaments or yarns secured together by chemical or thermo-activatable bonding agents, e.g. adhesives, applied or incorporated in liquid or solid form
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
- Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
- Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
- Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
Description
本出願は、2011年9月6日に出願された同時係属中の米国仮出願第61/531,302号の利益を主張するものであり、その開示内容全体が参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。本出願は、2011年12月2日に出願された同時係属中の米国仮出願第61/566,295号の利益も主張するものであり、その開示内容全体が参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
本発明は、プラズマ処理で改質されたかコロナ処理で改質され、かつ周囲室温で少なくとも約33g/デニールの靭性を有する改質高強度繊維であって、
a)周囲室温で少なくとも約33g/デニールの靭性を有する高強度繊維であって、該繊維は繊維表面を有し、かつ該表面は繊維表面仕上げ剤によって少なくとも部分的に被覆されているか該繊維は繊維表面仕上げ剤を実質的に含まない高強度繊維を用意する工程と、
b)該繊維表面が繊維表面仕上げ剤によって少なくとも部分的に被覆されている場合、該繊維表面仕上げ剤の少なくとも一部を該繊維表面から除去する工程と、
c)該高強度繊維を改質するのに有効な条件下で、該高強度繊維をプラズマ処理またはコロナ処理に供する工程と、
を含み、
それにより、プラズマ処理で改質されたかコロナ処理で改質され、かつ周囲室温で少なくとも約33g/デニールの靭性を有する改質高強度繊維を得る方法によって製造される、改質高強度繊維も提供する。
以下の実施例は、本発明を例示するためのものである。
実施例1〜10では、繊維を洗浄してそれらの繊維仕上げ剤を除去することもプラズマ処理することもなく、超高分子量ポリエチレン繊維の物理的特性を測定した。実施例1〜30の全てのための繊維試料は、超高分子量ポリエチレン繊維の同じスプールから選択した。
実施例11〜20では、繊維を洗浄してそれらの繊維仕上げ剤を実質的に除去したがプラズマ処理をせずに、超高分子量ポリエチレン繊維の物理的特性を測定した。実施例1〜30の全てのための繊維試料を超高分子量ポリエチレン繊維の同じスプールから選択した。
10種類の洗浄済繊維試料について、繊維のデニール、最大歪み時の繊維負荷、最大負荷時の歪み率、繊維の靭性および繊維の初期引張弾性率を測定した。その結果を表2にまとめる。表では、これらの繊維を洗浄済繊維1〜10として識別している。
実施例21〜30では、繊維を洗浄してそれらの繊維仕上げ剤を実質的に除去し、かつその後にプラズマ処理も施した後に、超高分子量ポリエチレン繊維の物理的特性を測定した。実施例1〜30の全てのための繊維試料を超高分子量ポリエチレン繊維の同じスプールから選択した。
まとめると、実施例1〜30は、繊維を洗浄して繊維仕上げ剤を実質的に除去した後にプラズマ処理を施した繊維は、処理前および処理後の両方にほぼ同じ物理的特性を有することを示している。特に、組み合わせた処理により、繊維の靭性の損失はほぼ認められず、多くの場合、初期引張弾性率が上昇した。繊維特性の平均値に基づいて、これらの実施例は、プラズマ処理前に繊維を洗浄した場合に、約1%の靭性の獲得と約2.7%の初期引張弾性率の上昇を示している。靭性および初期引張弾性率の上昇は、例えば、繊維表面仕上げ剤によるものというよりも繊維表面に直接プラズマ処理を施したことにより、繊維表面で高分子鎖が架橋したことによるものと思われる。
比較例1〜6では、プラズマ処理前に繊維を洗浄してそれらの繊維仕上げ剤を除去することなく、プラズマ処理後に、超高分子量ポリエチレン繊維の物理的特性を測定した。比較例1〜6の全てのための繊維試料を超高分子量ポリエチレン繊維の同じスプールから選択した。
まとめると、比較例1〜6は、最初に繊維を洗浄して繊維仕上げ剤を実質的に除去せずにプラズマ処理を施した繊維は、プラズマ処理により繊維の靭性の顕著な損失、すなわち繊維の平均値に基づき約17%の靭性の損失を被ったことを示している。これは特に、実施例1〜30(すなわち1.5キロワット)における大気圧でのプラズマ処理レベルに対して、比較例1〜6(すなわち250ワット)における低圧での実質的により低い攻撃性のプラズマ処理レベルを考慮すると明らかである。
約45g/dの繊維靭性を有する4プライの一方向に配向された実質的に平行な超高分子量ポリエチレン繊維を組み込んで、4プライ不織複合材料を作製した。
実施例31の複合材料を、一体化された2.0psf試料に作製し、裏面変形量およびV50について室温で試験した。周囲室温で16グレインRCCの発射体に対する平均的なV50値は、3621フィート/秒であった。同じ16グレインRCCの発射体に対する周囲室温での平均的なBFSは、複合材料の背面と粘土裏当て材料との間に1/2インチの空隙を設けて測定した場合、3mmであった。
同時係属中の特許出願第61/531,233号に記載されている装置を用いて裏面変形量を測定した。複合材料物品と粘土の塊との間に特注の機械加工スペーサ要素を挿入して、複合材料を粘土の塊から1/2インチ(12.7mm)だけ離間させた。特注の機械加工スペーサ要素は、境界および前記境界によって画定された内部空洞を有する要素を含み、ここでは、粘土は空洞から露出しており、スペーサは、粘土の前面に直接接触して配置されていた。発射体は、スペーサの内部空洞に対応する標的位置にある複合材料物品を狙撃した。発射体は、スペーサの内部空洞に対応する位置にある複合材料物品に嵌入し、各発射体衝撃により、粘土内に測定可能な凹部が生じた。3mmのBFS測定値は、スペーサ要素の深さを考慮しないこの方法によれば粘土内の凹部深さを指しており、すなわちBFS測定値は、複合材料と粘土との間の実際の距離を含んでいない。
従来から知られている規格化された技術を用い、特に16グレインRCCの発射体に対する国防総省の試験方法規格MIL−STD−662F条件に従って、V50データを取得した。
実施例31および32を繰り返してさらなる2.0psf試料を作製したが、異なる結合剤樹脂を用いた。複合材料を室温で裏面変形量およびV50について試験し、その結果を表6にまとめる。実施例36〜38では、実施例31のようにプラズマ処理ではなくコロナ処理を行った。約15フィート/分の速度で、コロナ処理装置の電力を2キロワットに設定して、洗浄済繊維のウェブを、30インチ幅の電極を有するコロナ処理装置に連続的に通して、コロナ処理を行った。コロナ場内の繊維の滞留時間は約2秒であった。標準的な大気圧で処理を行った。
実施例31の複数の複合材料を、複数の21インチ×21インチの正方形に切断する。複数の正方形を1つ以上の弾道シェルに作製し、弾道シェルを新型戦闘用ヘルメット(Enhanced Combat Helmet)に作製する。各弾道シェルの重量は約2.8ポンド(約2.24psf)である。ヘルメットの外側には、高分子系外側表面被覆物すなわち厚膜が、ヘルメット内部にはポリエチレン系織布(例えば、1200デニールのS900 SPECTRA(登録商標)ポリエチレン繊維が組み込まれた織布スタイル903、21×21端/インチ(端/2.54cm)のピック数(pick count)を有する平織り、7オンス/平方ヤード(217g/m2(gsm)の面積重量))が存在する。上記ヘルメットは、パッドおよび懸架装置で仕上げられていてもよい。
一方向に配向された実質的に平行な45g/d繊維の4プライを含めて4プライ不織複合材料を作製した。繊維を洗浄して、それらの繊維仕上げ剤を実質的に除去し、その後にプラズマ処理を施して乾燥した。プラズマ処理後の繊維の靭性は45g/dであった。その後、これらの繊維を1100psiの弾性率を有する脂肪族の陰イオン性ポリウレタン分散系で被覆した。各プライの樹脂含有量は、プライの約16重量%であった。4プライを各プライの長手繊維方向に対して0°/90°/0°/90°で配向させた。4プライ複合材料は、約53gsmの繊維面密度(1プライにつき)および約64gsmの各プライの総面密度を有していた。
[1]周囲室温で少なくとも約33g/デニールの靭性を有する、プラズマ処理で改質されたかコロナ処理で改質された改質高強度繊維。
[2]周囲室温で少なくとも約37g/デニールの靭性を有する、[1]に記載の改質高強度繊維。
[3]プラズマ処理した繊維が、周囲室温で少なくとも約45g/デニールの靭性を有する、[1]に記載の改質高強度繊維。
[4]繊維表面を有し、該表面が繊維表面仕上げ剤を実質的に含まない、[1]に記載の改質高強度繊維。
[5]複数の[1]に記載の改質高強度繊維を含むマルチ繊維糸。
[6]複数の繊維が実質的に平行な配列に揃えられている、複数の[1]に記載の改質高強度繊維を含む繊維プライ。
[7]複数の[1]に記載の改質高強度繊維から形成された布。
[8]複数の[1]に記載の改質高強度繊維と、該改質繊維の少なくとも幾本かを少なくとも部分的に被覆する高分子結合剤とを含む繊維複合材料。
[9]一体化された複数の繊維プライを含み、各繊維プライが複数の請求項1に記載の改質高強度繊維を含み、かつ該改質繊維の少なくとも幾本かが高分子結合剤により少なくとも部分的に被覆されている、[8]に記載の繊維複合材料。
[10]それぞれを約2.0ポンド/平方フィートの面密度を有する複合材料について測定した場合に、国防総省の試験方法規格MIL−STD−662Fに従って16グレイン直円柱の発射体に対して少なくとも約3300フィート/秒のV50値と、約427m/s〜約445m/s(1430フィート/秒(fps)±30fps)の速度で発射された124グレイン9mmのFMJ RN発射体による衝撃を受けた際に約5mm以下の裏面変形量とを有する、[9]に記載の繊維複合材料。
[11][10]に記載の繊維複合材料から形成された物品。
[12]周囲室温で少なくとも約33g/デニールの靭性を有する、プラズマ処理で改質されたかコロナ処理で改質された改質高強度繊維であって、
a)周囲室温で少なくとも約33g/デニールの靭性を有する高強度繊維であって、該繊維が繊維表面を有し、かつ該表面が繊維表面仕上げ剤によって少なくとも部分的に覆われているか該繊維が繊維表面仕上げ剤を実質的に含まない高強度繊維を用意する工程、
b)該繊維表面が繊維表面仕上げ剤によって少なくとも部分的に覆われている場合は、該繊維表面仕上げ剤の少なくとも一部を該繊維表面から除去する工程、及び
c)該高強度繊維を改質するのに有効な条件で、該高強度繊維をプラズマ処理またはコロナ処理に供する工程、
を含み、
それにより、周囲室温で少なくとも約33g/デニールの靭性を有する、プラズマ処理で改質されたかコロナ処理で改質された改質高強度繊維を製造する方法で製造される、改質高強度繊維。
[13]周囲室温で少なくとも約37g/デニールの靭性を有する、[12]に記載の改質高強度繊維。
[14]工程a)で用意した該繊維は、定められているように繊維表面仕上げ剤を実質的に含んでいない、[12]に記載の改質高強度繊維。
[15]工程c)が、ほぼ大気圧であるか大気圧を超える圧力に維持された室内で行われる、[12]に記載の改質高強度繊維。
Claims (5)
- 繊維表面仕上げ剤によって部分的に覆われている繊維表面を有する改質高強度繊維であって、
該繊維表面積の50%を超える部分が露出していて該繊維表面仕上げ剤によって覆われておらず、
100ワット/平方フィート/分以下のプラズマエネルギー流束のプラズマ処理で改質された、
改質高強度繊維。 - ポリエチレン繊維であり、化学官能基を繊維表面に付与する100ワット/平方フィート/分以下のプラズマエネルギー流束のプラズマ処理で改質され、周囲室温で少なくとも33g/デニールの靭性を有し、該繊維表面積の99.0%までが露出していて該繊維表面仕上げ剤によって覆われていない、請求項1に記載の改質高強度繊維。
- 複数の請求項1または2に記載の改質高強度繊維と、該改質繊維の少なくとも幾本かを少なくとも部分的に被覆する高分子結合剤とを含み、該高分子結合剤が脂肪族ポリエーテル系ポリウレタンを含む、繊維複合材料。
- 周囲室温で少なくとも33g/デニールの靭性を有する、プラズマ処理で改質された質高強度繊維であって、
a)周囲室温で少なくとも33g/デニールの靭性を有する高強度繊維であって、該繊維が繊維表面を有し、かつ該表面が繊維表面仕上げ剤によって少なくとも部分的に覆われている高強度繊維を用意する工程、
b)該繊維表面から該繊維表面仕上げ剤の一部のみを除去するために洗浄する工程、ここで、残留仕上げ剤が該繊維表面に存在する、及び
c)該高強度繊維をプラズマ処理に供して改質する工程、ここで、該高強度繊維は、100ワット/平方フィート/分以下のプラズマエネルギー流束でプラズマ処理され、該プラズマ処理は大気圧に維持されている室で行われる、
を含み、
それにより、周囲室温で少なくとも33g/デニールの靭性を有し、プラズマ処理前の元の繊維の靭性の95%〜100%が維持され、繊維表面積の50%を超える部分が露出していて繊維表面仕上げ剤によって覆われていない、プラズマ処理で改質された改質高強度繊維を製造する方法、
で製造される改質高強度繊維。 - それぞれを2.0ポンド/平方フィートの面密度を有する複合材料について測定した場合に、国防総省の試験方法規格MIL−STD−662Fに従って16グレイン直円柱の発射体に対して少なくとも3300フィート/秒のV50値と、427m/s〜445m/s(1430フィート/秒(fps)±30fps)の速度で発射された124グレイン9mmのFMJ RN発射体による衝撃を受けた際に5mm以下の裏面変形量とを有し、該高分子結合剤が個々の繊維のそれぞれを封入している、請求項3に記載の繊維複合材料。
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CA2847404C (en) | 2020-08-25 |
CN103917712B (zh) | 2016-07-06 |
CA2847404A1 (en) | 2013-07-11 |
MX2014002564A (es) | 2014-06-05 |
EP2753746A4 (en) | 2015-07-15 |
IL231247B (en) | 2018-05-31 |
MX347123B (es) | 2017-04-17 |
BR112014005319A2 (pt) | 2017-04-04 |
JP2014529692A (ja) | 2014-11-13 |
CN103917712A (zh) | 2014-07-09 |
WO2013103400A2 (en) | 2013-07-11 |
RU2615518C2 (ru) | 2017-04-05 |
KR101969437B1 (ko) | 2019-04-16 |
IL231247A0 (en) | 2014-04-30 |
US20130059494A1 (en) | 2013-03-07 |
EP2753746A2 (en) | 2014-07-16 |
RU2014110696A (ru) | 2015-10-20 |
JP2018035496A (ja) | 2018-03-08 |
KR20140060345A (ko) | 2014-05-19 |
WO2013103400A3 (en) | 2013-10-10 |
US9163335B2 (en) | 2015-10-20 |
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