JP6543346B2 - 量子キャパシタンス感知 - Google Patents
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Description
(i)酸化還元キャパシタンスCrは、実際には(キャパシタンスを通じて)その最適な電気化学的「半波電位」における、拘束された酸化還元基の電気化学的活性について報告する。
(ii)その他の電位では情報が全く収集できない。
(iii)フィルムの電気化学的活性が撹乱された場合、Crの測定値は変化する。特異的結合/認識事象以外の現象による撹乱(例:副反応/分解、溶媒の変化または電解質透過)は、必ずしも試験中の結合/認識事象と識別できるわけではない。
(A)印加電位の範囲にわたって実施される電気化学的インピーダンス分光法によって、印加電位に対するその電気化学的レスポンスが電極の局所環境における変化に鋭敏である感知エレメントによって官能基化された電極基板であって、感知エレメントが0.5から10nmのサイズを有する電極基板を含む作用電極を有する系の、複素インピーダンスZ*の複数の測定値を得ること;
(B)前記の複数のZ*測定値を、選択した周波数ωにおける複素キャパシタンスの実数成分C’および/または選択した周波数ωにおける複素キャパシタンスの虚数成分C”の複数の測定値に変換すること;
(C)(a)C’、(b)C”または(c)C’とC”の任意の組み合わせの測定値を、印可した電圧の関数として選択した周波数ωにおいて積分して積分測定値を得ること;および
(D)前記積分測定値から電極の局所環境を評価することを含む感知法。
−作用電極、対極およびポテンシオスタットを含む電気化学的分光器であって、前記作用電極が、印加電位に対するその電気化学的レスポンスが電極の局所環境の変化に鋭敏である感知エレメントで官能基化された電極基板であって、感知エレメントが0.5から10nmのサイズを有する電極基板を含む電気化学的分光器;
−前記電気化学的分光器から、印加電位の範囲にわたって、複数の複素インピーダンス測定値Z*を含む入力データを受信するよう構成された受信器;および
−(i)前記の複数のZ*測定値を、選択した周波数ωにおける複素キャパシタンスの実数成分C’および/または選択した周波数ωにおける複素キャパシタンスの虚数成分C”の複数の測定値に変換し、且つ(ii)選択した周波数ωにおける(a)C’、(b)C”、または(c)C’とC”の任意の組み合わせの前記測定値を印可電圧の関数として積分して積分値を得るよう構成されたプロセッサを含む装置。感知法は量子キャパシタンス感知法であってもよく、すなわち装置は量子キャパシタンス感知法における使用を目的としてもよい。
−電気化学的分光器から、印加電位の範囲にわたる複数の複素インピーダンス測定値Z*を含む入力データを得るステップ;
−前記の複数のZ*測定値を、選択した周波数ωにおける複素キャパシタンスの実数成分C’および/または選択した周波数ωにおける複素キャパシタンスの虚数成分C”の複数の測定値に変換するステップ;および
−選択した周波数ωにおける前記の(a)C’、(b)C”または(c)C’とC”の任意の組み合わせの測定値を、印可電圧の関数として積分して積分測定値を得るステップを実行させる記憶媒体。
電気化学的インピーダンス分光法(EIS)は、当業者に既知の技術である。一般に、変動交流電位を、作用電極と対極の間のバイアス(または直流)電位に印可する。一般に、EICは一定範囲の交流周波数ωにわたるスキャニングを包含する。入力シグナル(典型的には変動電位)の出力シグナル(典型的には変動電流)に対する比率よりインピーダンスを算出することができる。一般的に、入力シグナルと出力シグナルの間には位相差があるので、インピーダンスは実数部分(時にZ’と呼ばれる)と虚数部分(時にZ”と呼ばれる)を有する複素関数Z*とみなすことができる。
作用電極は、感知エレメントで官能基化された電極基板を含む。
本発明の原理は幅広く適用することができる。具体的には、物理的物質または物理的物質以外の環境パラメータのいずれも感知することができる。ほとんどあらゆる物質または環境パラメータは、その物質の量またはパラメータの変化が作用電極の局所環境の変化をもたらし、且つそれゆえに感知エレメントと電極基板の間の電子分布の変化をもたらすのであれば、これを感知することができる。したがって、作用電極はそのために用いることになる意図する感知法について設計することができる。
1つの実施形態においては、方法は化学物質、すなわち化学化合物または化学化合物群を感知するための方法である。この実施形態においては、ステップ(A)において作用電極が物質を含みうる担体媒体と接触し、また印加電位に対する感知エレメントの電気化学的レスポンスは前記物質の存在に対して鋭敏である。担体媒体が物質を含有する場合、特定の積分測定値が得られる。担体媒体が物質を含有しない場合、積分測定値は異なる。同様に、担体媒体中の物質の濃度が変化するにつれて積分測定値の変化が発生する。
物質は、標的種、すなわち任意選択的に1つまたはそれ以上の他の非標的種と共に、担体媒体中に存在することもあれば存在しないこともあり、且つユーザーが検出/感知することを所望する種とすることできる。最も典型的には、方法は前記担体媒体中の前記標的種の濃度を判定するための方法である。
本発明の方法は、グリコアレイを包含する用途においても使用することができる。グリコアレイは、各アレイ単位が特異的な炭水化物部分(他のアレイ単位における炭水化物部分と異なる)を含むアレイである。本発明の文脈においては、アレイは複数の別個にアドレス指定できる電気化学的系を含み、それぞれの作用電極は炭水化物部分である受容体部分によって官能基化される。たとえば、炭水化物部分のアレイは、ヒトなどの生物のグリコームまたはグリコームの一部を構成しうる。
本発明のための方法の他の用途は、薬剤スクリーニングおよび創薬の分野にある。薬剤スクリーニングを目的としたアレイによる既知の系においては、各アレイ単位が、薬剤候補がそこに結合すれば薬剤候補が治療上対象となりうることが明確に示される、到達可能な受容体部分を含む。たとえば、タキソール−チューブリンモデルに基づく既知のスクリーニング法がある。このモデルにおいては、既知の抗癌剤タキソールとチューブリンプロテシンとの相互作用活性を、新規薬剤候補と比較する参照として用いる。
さらなる実施形態においては、方法は電極の局所環境における環境パラメータの変化を感知するための方法である。そのような環境パラメータの例は、局所環境の温度、局所環境の光度(例:可視光強度、またはその代わりまたはそれに加えて紫外線強度)および局所環境における湿度を含む。
本発明は、典型的には本発明の感知法である、感知法における使用を目的とした装置も提供する。この装置は、その作用電極が感知エレメントによって官能基化された電気化学分光器、すなわち本発明の方法を実施するために特に適合された電気化学分光器を含む。作用電極は本願に記載される。
(図4の)各パラメータ、すなわち量子キャパシタンス
「RR」を標的濃度にわたって収集することにより、図4に示すようにパラメータのそれぞれに対して分析曲線をプロットすることが可能であった。
Claims (16)
- 化学物質を感知するための感知法であって:
(A)印加電位の範囲にわたって実施される電気化学的インピーダンス分光法によって、前記物質を含みうる媒体担体と接触する作用電極を有する系の複素インピーダンスZ*の複数の測定値を得ることであって、前記作用電極は前記物質と結合することの可能な受容体部分を含み、前記作用電極が、前記印加電位に対するその電気化学的レスポンスが前記物質が前記受容体部分と結合することに鋭敏である感知エレメントによって官能基化された電極基板であって、前記感知エレメントが0.5から10nmのサイズを有する前記電極基板を含み;
(B)前記複数のZ*測定値を、選択した周波数ωにおける複素キャパシタンスの実数成分C’および/または選択した周波数ωにおける複素キャパシタンスの虚数成分C”の複数の測定値に変換すること;
(C)前記の(a)C’、(b)C”または(c)C’とC”の任意の組み合わせの測定値を、印可電圧の関数として前記の選択した周波数ωにおいて積分して積分測定値を得ること;および
(D)前記積分測定値から前記化学物質が前記担体媒体中に存在するか感知することを含む前記感知法。 - 請求項1に記載の感知法であって、ステップ(A)において、印加電位の範囲にわたって実施される電気化学的インピーダンス分光法により、前記複素インピーダンスの複数の測定値を得ることが、異なる印加電位における少なくとも5つの前記複素インピーダンスの測定値を得ることを含む前記感知法。
- 請求項1または2に記載の感知法であって、ステップ(D)における感知することが前記積分測定値を前記の電極の局所環境が既知である条件下でステップ(A)、(B)および(C)を実施することにより得られる1つまたはそれ以上の参照値と比較することによって実施される前記感知法。
- 請求項1に記載の感知法であって、前記物質がそこに前記受容体部分が特異的に結合することが可能な標的種であり、且つ前記方法が前記担体媒体中の前記標的種の濃度を測定するための方法である前記感知法。
- 請求項4に記載の感知法であって、前記標的種がCRPタンパク質、インスリンおよび神経変性、癌、心筋梗塞、糖尿病および一般的外傷のうち1つまたはそれ以上のマーカーからなる群から選択される前記感知法。
- 請求項1に記載の感知法であって、前記物質がレクチンタンパク質、糖酵素および炭水化物結合抗体から選択され、且つ前記受容体部分が炭水化物部分である前記感知法。
- 請求項6に記載の感知法であって、前記作用電極がそれぞれが異なる炭水化物部分によって官能基化された複数の作用電極を含むグリコアレイの一部を形成する前記感知法。
- 請求項1に記載の感知法であって、前記物質が薬剤候補であり、且つ前記受容体部分が参照薬剤と結合することの可能な部分である前記感知法。
- 請求項8に記載の感知法であって、前記作用電極がそれぞれが前記受容体部分で官能基化された複数の作用電極を含むアレイの一部を形成し、これにより前記アレイが複数の薬剤候補の同時スクリーニングにおける使用に適している前記感知法。
- 請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載の感知法であって、前記感知エレメントが1つまたはそれ以上の酸化還元活性種、分子フィルム、ナノ粒子、グラフェン、カーボンナノチューブまたは量子ドットを含む前記感知法。
- 請求項1から10のいずれか一項に記載の感知法であって、前記作用電極が酸化還元活性種によって官能基化されない前記感知法。
- 請求項1から11のいずれか一項に記載の感知法であって、前記物質と結合することの可能な前記の受容体部分が抗体または抗体フラグメントを含む前記感知法。
- 請求項1から12のいずれか一項に記載の感知法であって、前記感知エレメントがグラフェンを含む前記感知法。
- 化学物質を感知するための感知法のために用いる装置であって、当該装置が:
−作用電極、対極およびポテンシオスタットを含む電気化学的分光器であって、前記作用電極は前記物質と結合することの可能な受容体部分を含み、
前記作用電極が、印加電位に対するその電気化学的レスポンスが前記物質が前記受容体部分と結合することに鋭敏である感知エレメントによって官能基化された電極基板であって、前記感知エレメントが0.5から10nmのサイズを有する前記電極基板を含む電気化学的分光器;
−前記電気化学的分光器から、印加電位の範囲にわたって、複数の複素インピーダンス測定値Z*を含む入力データを受信するよう構成された受信器;
−(i)前記複数のZ*測定値を、選択した周波数ωにおける複素キャパシタンスの実数成分C’および/または選択した周波数ωにおける複素キャパシタンスの虚数成分C”の複数の測定値に変換し、且つ(ii)前記の選択した周波数ωにおける、前記の(a)C’、(b)C”、または(c)C’とC”の任意の組み合わせの前記測定値を印可電圧の関数として積分して積分測定値を得るよう構成されたプロセッサ;および
−前記積分測定値から生成されたデータを出力するよう構成された出力ユニットであって、出力されるデータが前記の感知される前記物質の有無又は濃度の表示を含む;
を含む前記装置。 - 請求項1から13のいずれか一項に記載の感知法であって、前記感知法が量子キャパシタンス感知法である、前記感知法。
- 請求項14に記載の装置であって、前記感知法が量子キャパシタンス感知法である、前記装置。
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