JP6525971B2 - タンパク質富化微細小胞、タンパク質富化微細小胞の作製方法及び使用方法 - Google Patents
タンパク質富化微細小胞、タンパク質富化微細小胞の作製方法及び使用方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
上記で要点を述べたように、本発明のいくつかの態様は、タンパク質富化微細小胞の生産方法である。「タンパク質富化微細小胞」とは、脂質二重層封入体内に一又はそれ以上の標的タンパク質を含む膜融合構造を意味する。ここで使用される「膜融合」という用語は、標的細胞の膜への微細小胞の膜の融合を提供するする微細小胞の特性に言及している。微細小胞が膜融合性を有するので、微細小胞は、細胞内に標的タンパク質を含めた内包物を輸送するために標的細胞の脂質二重層膜と融合することができる。タンパク質富化微細小胞について更に詳述する前に、その生産方法を以下より詳細に確認する。
微細小胞の作製方法で使用される細胞は、第1二量体化領域を含む膜結合性タンパク質を有する。該細胞は、第1二量体化領域を有する任意の適当な膜結合性タンパク質を有していてもよい。膜結合性タンパク質は、例えば、結合相互作用によって微細小胞の膜と安定的に結合することができるタンパク質であり、微細小胞の膜と結合する際、第1二量体化領域が微細小胞の細胞基質に接触するように構成されていてもよい。膜結合性タンパク質の大きさは、場合によっては、12キロダルトンから50キロダルトンを含む、10キロダルトンから100キロダルトンのような5キロダルトンから250キロダルトンの範囲内で多様であってもよい。
標的タンパク質(即ち、対象となるタンパク質又はPOI)は、細胞内に移動することが望まれる任意のポリペプチドであってもよい。標的タンパク質は、様々な大きさでよく、場合によって12キロダルトンから50キロダルトンを含む、10キロダルトンから100キロダルトンのような5キロダルトンから250キロダルトンの範囲内である。対象となる標的タンパク質としては、限定的ではないが、核タンパク質、転写制御因子、DNA結合及び/又は修飾酵素、RNA結合及び/又は修飾酵素、タンパク質修飾酵素、蛍光タンパク質、細胞周期制御タンパク質、キナーゼ、構造タンパク質、シグナルタンパク質、アポトーシスタンパク質、翻訳制御因子、ペプチド抗原、細胞基質タンパク質又はこれらと同種類のものがある。具体的に対象となる標的タンパク質としては、限定的ではないが、以下の有用性の項に挙げた標的タンパク質がある。
膜結合性タンパク質及び標的タンパク質の二量体化領域は様々であってよく、二量体化領域は、例えば、以下に詳述するように、互いに直接又は二量体化メディエータを介して結合するように構成されていてもよい。膜結合性タンパク質及び標的タンパク質は、夫々、膜結合性領域又は標的タンパク質の領域と、二量体化領域とを有しているので、安定して互いに結合する少なくとも二つの別個で非相同の領域を有するキメラタンパク質又は融合タンパク質と評価されてもよい。「非相同」とは、これらキメラタンパク質の少なくとも二つの別個の領域が同一の分子中では自然には生じないことを意味する。したがって、これらのキメラタンパク質は、異なる起源の少なくとも二つの別個の領域から構成される。これらのタンパク質の二つの領域が互いに安定して結合しているので、例えば細胞表面の状態、細胞内部の状態等の細胞の条件下で、互いに分離しない。所望であれば、所定のキメラタンパク質又は融合タンパク質においては、二つの領域は、直接又はアミノ酸リンカーを介して、互いに結合していてもよい。アミノ酸リンカーは、任意の適当なアミノ酸配列及び長さを有していてもよい。
ここで、「微細小胞誘導物質」は、細胞からの微細小胞の生産を促進(即ち、増進)する薬剤を指す。場合によっては、微細小胞誘導物質は微細小胞の一部とはならない分子であるが、微細小胞誘導物質の存在により、細胞が微細小胞を生産することとなる。また、場合によっては、微細小胞誘導物質は生産された微細小胞の一部となる。場合によっては、微細小胞の生産は、哺乳類の細胞内で微細小胞誘導物質の過剰発現を経て達成され得る。場合によっては、細胞内での微細小胞誘導物質の過剰発現は、形質移入された細胞の周囲の媒質中への微細小胞の放出をもたらす。
微細小胞を生産できる任意の適当な細胞が利用されてもよい。場合によっては、該細胞は、真核細胞である。対象となる細胞としては、真核細胞、例えば、動物細胞があり、動物細胞の具体的な種としては、限定的ではないが、昆虫、蠕虫、鳥類又は哺乳類の細胞がある。様々な哺乳類の細胞が使用されてもよく、例として、ウマ、ウシ、ヒツジ、イヌ、ネコ、ネズミ、非ヒト霊長類及びヒトの細胞がある。様々な種における様々な種類の細胞が用いられてよく、例えば、造血細胞、神経細胞、グリア細胞、間葉細胞、皮膚細胞、粘膜細胞、間質細胞、筋細胞(平滑筋細胞を含む)、脾臓細胞、網内細胞、上皮細胞、内皮細胞、肝細胞、腎臓細胞、消化管細胞、肺細胞、線維芽細胞、及び他の種類の細胞が用いられる。目的の造血細胞は、筋芽細胞及び線維芽細胞並びに、赤血球系、リンパ系又は骨髄単球系統に関する任意の有核細胞であってもよい。幹細胞及び始原細胞も対象であり、ES細胞、epi−ES細胞、及びiPS(induced Pluripotent Stem)細胞等の幹細胞であって、造血幹細胞、神経幹細胞、間質幹細胞、筋幹細胞、肝幹細胞、肺幹細胞、消化管幹細胞及び間葉幹細胞等がある。対象となる具体的な細胞としては、限定的ではないが、例えば、HEK−293細胞、HEK−293T細胞、COS7細胞、ヒーラ細胞、HT1080、3T3細胞等の哺乳類の細胞があり、例えば、High5細胞、Sf9細胞、Sf21その他同種類の昆虫細胞がある。更に対象となる細胞は、限定的ではないが、米国特許出願公開第2012/0322147号明細書に開示されており、その開示は参照によって本明細書に組み込まれる。
本方法のいくつかの態様は、例えば、上述したように、細胞から一又はそれ以上の微細小胞を生産するのに十分な状態で、微細小胞生産細胞を保持することを含んでおり、前記微細小胞は、膜結合性タンパク質及び標的タンパク質の二量体化複合体を有している。本方法中で、微細小胞を生産するのに十分な状態で細胞を保持する適当な方法が利用される。場合によっては、細胞は、1時間から24時間を含む1時間から2日、1時間から3日のような30分から1週間に亘る期間、保持される。場合によっては、細胞は、48時間から72時間を含む36時間から72時間、24時間から72時間、12時間から72時間、6時間から72時間、2時間から72時間のような30分から72時間に亘る期間保持される。細胞は、細胞からの微細小胞の生産を支援する温度に保持されてもよく、対象となる温度は、15℃から37℃のような4℃から42℃である。細胞は、所望であれば、適当な培地で保持されていてもよく、対象となる培地としては、限定的ではないが、DMEM、HAMsF12、RPMI1640、無血清条件の培地、及びこれらに類する培地がある。
本発明のいくつかの態様は、更に、上述の方法により生産されたようなタンパク質富化微細小胞を含む。微細小胞は、例えば、上述するように、脂質二重層封入体の内部に、一又はそれ以上の膜結合性タンパク質及び一又はそれ以上の標的タンパク質を有していてもよい。微細小胞が、例えば、上述したように、微細小胞生産細胞から生産されるので、微細小胞の脂質二重層成分は、微細小胞が生産される細胞の膜成分、例えば、リン酸質、膜タンパク質等を有している。更に、微細小胞は、微細小胞が生産される細胞でみられる成分、例えば、溶質、タンパク質、核酸等を含む細胞基質を有するが、細胞の成分の全てではなく、例えば、中核は除かれる。いくつかの実施形態において、微細小胞は、エクソソームに類似すると判断されている。微細小胞の大きさは様々であってよく、場合によっては、40nmから100nmを含む、30nmから150nmのような30nmから300nmの直径を有する。
上述したように、本発明のいくつかの態様は、標的細胞へのタンパク質の導入の方法である。該方法では、例えば上述したように、微細小胞への標的細胞の接触を含んでおり、微細小胞は、微細小胞の群(例えば、微細小胞の数は、104 から109 を含む104 から1012のような102 から1016の範囲である)の構成物中に、微細小胞が標的細胞と融合し、微細小胞に含まれる標的タンパク質を標的細胞内に輸送するのに十分な状態で、存在してもよい。微細小胞に細胞を接触させる任意の適当なプロトコルが使用されてもよい。使用される個々のプロトコルは様々であってもよく、例えば、標的細胞が、インビトロ又はインビボにあるかどうかで決定される。インビトロのプロトコルの場合、標的細胞は、微細小胞が標的細胞に融合するのに十分な状態で、適当な培地中で微細小胞と共に保持されてもよい。適当な培地の例としては、限定的ではないが、DMEM、HAMsF12、RPMI1640、及びこれらに類する培地がある。標的細胞及び微細小胞は、微細小胞が細胞と融合するのに十分な時間、保持されていてもよく、時間の範囲は、場合によって、30分から2時間のような5分から72時間の範囲である。標的細胞及び微細小胞は、適当な温度で保持されていてもよく、例えば、15℃から37℃のような4℃から42℃の範囲の温度である。インビボのプロトコルの場合、任意の適当な投与プロトコルが使用されてもよい。微細小胞及び標的細胞の屈性、所望される反応、投与の様式例えば、静脈注射、皮下注射、腹腔内投与、経口投与等、半減期、存在する細胞数等によって、様々な方法が使用されてもよい。
本発明に係る微細小胞、細胞及び方法は、例えば上述したように、対象となる単一又は複数のタンパク質の標的細胞への導入を対象とする様々な応用において有用性が見出される。対象となる応用としては、限定的ではないが、研究応用、診断応用、治療応用がある。したがって、本発明に係る方法の使用により、輸送され得る標的タンパク質としては、研究タンパク質、診断タンパク質、治療タンパク質がある。
本発明のいくつかの態様は更にキットを含み、該キットは、例えば上述したように、タンパク質富化微細小胞を作製する方法において使用される一又はそれ以上の構成要素を含む。場合によっては、キットは、微細小胞生産細胞を作製するのに使用され得る遺伝子構築物を有していてもよい。前記遺伝子構築物は、例えば上述したように、膜結合性タンパク質のコード配列を含んでいてもよく、該コード配列は、発現カセットの中に存在していてもよく、該発現カセットのプロモータは誘導性であってもなくてもよい。キットの中に存在する遺伝子構築物は、例えば上述するように、標的タンパク質のコード配列を含んでいてもよく、該コード配列は発現カセットの中に存在していてもよく、発現カセットのプロモータは、誘導性であってもなくてもよい。他の実施例においては、キットの中の遺伝子構築物は、標的タンパク質コード配列を有していないが、標的タンパク質のコード配列を受け取るように構成された発現カセットであってもよい。例えば、遺伝子構築物は、制限部位(例えば、マルチプルクローニング部位)によって二量体化領域から分離されたプロモータを有していてもよい。キット内に存在する遺伝子構築物は、例えば上述するように、微細小胞誘導物質のコード配列を含んでいてもよく、コード配列は、発現カセットの中に存在していてもよく、発現カセットのプロモータは、誘導性であってもなくてもよい。遺伝子構築物は、所望であれば、セパレートベクター上に存在していてもよく、また、単一のベクター上に結合していてもよく、対象となるベクターとしては、限定的ではないが、プラスミド、ウイルスベクター等がある。場合によっては、キットは、例えば上述したように微細小胞生産細胞を有している。所望であれば、キットは、付加的に、微細小胞誘導物質、二量体化メディエータ、二量体化分裂剤等のような試薬を有していてもよい。キットの様々な構成要素は、別の容器に存在していてもよく、所望であれば全部又は一部が、単一の容器中の試薬混合物に予め混合されていてもよい。キットは、また、制御用に、検出可能なタンパク質(例えば、AcGFP等)を発現する制御微細小胞を所定量有していてもよい。また、所望であれば、キットは、微細小胞を検出する抗体、ルシフェラーゼのようなレポータタンパク質を含む微細小胞を定量化する基質、又は、形質移入試薬、又は、精製機構、微細小胞の濃縮、精製のためのキットを有していてもよい。
実験I.
用意されたタンパク質のパッケージは、iDimerize システム(クロンテック・ラボラトリーズ社(マウンテンビュ―, カリフォルニア州))に含まれたリガンド誘導性ヘテロ二量体化領域を使用することにより結合パートナーの適合した結合対を作製することによって試験された。図2Aに示すように、結合パートナーは、二つのDmrA領域が融合されたCherryPickerタンパク質(膜を標的とする赤色蛍光タンパク質)及び単一のDmrC領域が融合されたCREリコンビナーゼ酵素から構成されていた。CherryPickerタンパク質及びCRE発現プラスミドは、図1に示すようにVSV−G発現プラスミドと共に293T細胞中に同時形質移入され、A/Cヘテロ二量体化剤が存在する場合又は存在しない場合のいずれかにおいて、微細小胞を生産するように48時間から72時間培養された。
ゲシクルへのリガンド依存の富化は、ゲシクル中への標的タンパク質パッケージング効率の8倍から10倍の増加をもたらす細胞質タンパク質(例:細胞基質のAcGFP)に対して示されている。CherryPicker及びAcGFP発現プラスミドは、A/Cヘテロ二量体化剤がある場合又はない場合のいずれかの場合に、微細小胞を生産するために293T細胞中にVSV−G発現プラスミドと共に同時形質移入された。微細小胞は、回収され、抗DmrC抗体を使用したウェスタンブロット法により関連するAcGFPタンパク質の量が測定された。同様の強度の結合の濃度測定分析は、A/Cヘテロ二量体化剤がある場合のAcGFPのパッケージングは、A/Cヘテロ二量体化剤が無い場合よりも8倍から10倍以上効率が良かったことを明らかにした。結果を図3に示し、以下の表1にて提供する。
サンプル 量
1 DmrC AcGFP 微細小胞(−) 5μL
2 DmrC AcGFP 微細小胞(−) 2.5μL
3 DmrC AcGFP 微細小胞(−) 1.25μL
4 DmrC AcGFP 微細小胞(−) 0.625μL
5 DmrC AcGFP 微細小胞(+) 5μL
6 DmrC AcGFP 微細小胞(+) 2.5μL
7 DmrC AcGFP 微細小胞(+) 1.25μL
8 DmrC AcGFP 微細小胞(+) 0.625μL
9 rAcGFP 25ng
10 rAcGFP 12.5ng
11 rAcGFP 6.25ng
12 rAcGFP 3.125ng
13 rAcGFP 1.56ng
14 rAcGFP 0.78ng
(a)第1二量体化領域を含む膜結合性タンパク質、及び
(b)第2二量体化領域を含む標的タンパク質
を有する細胞を、該細胞から微細小胞を生産するのに十分な状態で保持し、
前記微細小胞は、前記標的タンパク質を含む
ことを特徴とする方法。
第1二量体化領域を含む膜結合性タンパク質に係る第1コード配列を有する第1発現カセットと、
プロモータ及び第2二量体化領域を有する第2発現カセットと
を有することを特徴とする付記1から付記11までのいずれかに記載の方法。
プロモータ及び第2二量体化領域を有する第2発現カセットと
を備えることを特徴とする細胞。
(a)第1二量体化領域を含む膜結合性タンパク質、及び
(b)第2二量体化領域を含む標的タンパク質
を有する微細小胞を、前記微細小胞が前記細胞に融合し、前記細胞の内部へ前記標的タンパク質を導入するのに十分な状態で、
前記細胞に接触させることを特徴とする方法。
プロモータ及び第2二量体化領域を有する第2発現カセットと
を有することを特徴とするキット。
本願は、2013年8月30日に出願された米国仮特許出願第61/872,115号明細書と、2013年6月11日に出願された米国仮特許出願第61/833,880号明細書との利益を主張しており、その内容全体が参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
Claims (12)
- 標的タンパク質を有する微細小胞を作製する方法であって、
(a)第1二量体化領域を含む膜結合性タンパク質、
(b)第2二量体化領域を含む非相同標的タンパク質、及び
(c)二量体化メディエータ
を有する細胞を、該細胞から微細小胞を生産するのに十分な状態で培養し、
前記微細小胞は、前記二量体化メディエータにより互いに結合している前記膜結合性タンパク質及び非相同標的タンパク質の二量体化複合体を有し、
更に、前記細胞から前記微細小胞を分離する
ことを特徴とする方法。 - 前記二量体化メディエータは修飾可能な二量体化メディエータであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記二量体化複合体から前記非相同標的タンパク質を放出するように前記微細小胞の内部にて前記二量体化メディエータを修飾することを特徴とする請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記細胞は、更に、微細小胞誘導物質を有していることを特徴とする請求項1から請求項3までのいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記細胞は、更に、
第1二量体化領域を含む膜結合性タンパク質に係る第1コード配列を有する第1発現カセットと、
プロモータ及び第2二量体化領域に係る第2コード配列を有する第2発現カセットと
を有することを特徴とする請求項1から請求項4までのいずれかに記載の方法。 - 第1二量体化領域を含む膜結合性タンパク質に係る第1コード配列を有する第1発現カセットと、
プロモータ、並びに非相同標的タンパク質及び第2二量体化領域に係る第2コード配列を有する第2発現カセットと、
微細小胞誘導物質と
を備えることを特徴とする細胞。 - 更に、互いに結合している前記膜結合性タンパク質及び非相同標的タンパク質の二量体化複合体を形成する二量体化メディエータを備えることを特徴とする請求項6に記載の細胞。
- 第1二量体化領域を含む膜結合性タンパク質と、第2二量体化領域を含む非相同標的タンパク質と、二量体化メディエータとを有する微細小胞。
- 請求項1から請求項5までのいずれかに記載の方法により生産されたことを特徴とする微細小胞。
- 標的細胞への非相同標的タンパク質の導入方法であって、
請求項8又は請求項9に記載の微細小胞を、該微細小胞が前記標的細胞に融合し、前記標的細胞の内部へ前記非相同標的タンパク質を導入するように、前記標的細胞に接触させることを有することを特徴とする方法。 - 更に、分離した前記微細小胞を回収することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記二量体化メディエータの修飾は刺激を適用することを含むことを特徴とする請求項3に記載の方法。
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