JP6524624B2 - 発光装置 - Google Patents
発光装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP6524624B2 JP6524624B2 JP2014191049A JP2014191049A JP6524624B2 JP 6524624 B2 JP6524624 B2 JP 6524624B2 JP 2014191049 A JP2014191049 A JP 2014191049A JP 2014191049 A JP2014191049 A JP 2014191049A JP 6524624 B2 JP6524624 B2 JP 6524624B2
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- Prior art keywords
- light emitting
- emitting element
- light
- region
- height
- Prior art date
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- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L terephthalate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=C(C([O-])=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- BIKXLKXABVUSMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trizinc;diborate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]B([O-])[O-].[O-]B([O-])[O-] BIKXLKXABVUSMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L25/00—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices ; Multistep manufacturing processes thereof
- H01L25/03—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices ; Multistep manufacturing processes thereof all the devices being of a type provided for in the same subgroup of groups H01L27/00 - H01L33/00, or in a single subclass of H10K, H10N, e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes
- H01L25/04—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices ; Multistep manufacturing processes thereof all the devices being of a type provided for in the same subgroup of groups H01L27/00 - H01L33/00, or in a single subclass of H10K, H10N, e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes the devices not having separate containers
- H01L25/075—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices ; Multistep manufacturing processes thereof all the devices being of a type provided for in the same subgroup of groups H01L27/00 - H01L33/00, or in a single subclass of H10K, H10N, e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes the devices not having separate containers the devices being of a type provided for in group H01L33/00
- H01L25/0753—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices ; Multistep manufacturing processes thereof all the devices being of a type provided for in the same subgroup of groups H01L27/00 - H01L33/00, or in a single subclass of H10K, H10N, e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes the devices not having separate containers the devices being of a type provided for in group H01L33/00 the devices being arranged next to each other
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/48—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor body packages
- H01L33/50—Wavelength conversion elements
- H01L33/508—Wavelength conversion elements having a non-uniform spatial arrangement or non-uniform concentration, e.g. patterned wavelength conversion layer, wavelength conversion layer with a concentration gradient of the wavelength conversion material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2224/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2224/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/10—Bump connectors; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/15—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the bump connectors after the connecting process
- H01L2224/16—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the bump connectors after the connecting process of an individual bump connector
- H01L2224/161—Disposition
- H01L2224/16151—Disposition the bump connector connecting between a semiconductor or solid-state body and an item not being a semiconductor or solid-state body, e.g. chip-to-substrate, chip-to-passive
- H01L2224/16221—Disposition the bump connector connecting between a semiconductor or solid-state body and an item not being a semiconductor or solid-state body, e.g. chip-to-substrate, chip-to-passive the body and the item being stacked
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Description
図1は、実施の形態1に係る発光装置の概略断面図である。
図2は、実施の形態2に係る発光装置の概略断面図である。
基体は、発光素子が実装される筐体や台座となる部材である。具体的には、基体は、樹脂成形体がリード電極にトランスファ成形や射出成形などにより一体成形されて成るものや、導電性ペーストを印刷したセラミックグリーンシートが積層・焼成されて成るものなどがある。基体の素子載置面は、略平坦であることが好ましいが、湾曲していてもよい。基体は、平板状のものや凹部(カップ部)を有するものなどを用いることができる。凹部は、成形体や母体自体を窪ませることで形成されてもよいし、略平坦な成形体や母体の上面に枠状の突起を別途形成することにより、その突起の内側を凹部としてもよい。凹部の上面視形状は、矩形、角が丸みを帯びた矩形、円形、楕円形などが挙げられる。凹部の側壁面は、成形体を金型から離型しやすいように、また発光素子の光を効率良く取り出すために、凹部底面から上方に向かって凹部開口径が大きくなるように傾斜(湾曲を含む)していることが好ましい(傾斜角は例えば凹部底面から95°以上120°以下)。凹部の深さは、特に限定されないが、例えば0.05mm以上2mm以下、0.1mm以上1mm以下が好ましく、0.25mm以上0.5mm以下がより好ましい。
リード電極の材料としては、発光素子に接続されて導電可能な金属を用いることができる。具体的には、銅、アルミニウム、金、銀、タングステン、鉄、ニッケル、コバルト、モリブデン、又はこれらの合金、燐青銅、鉄入り銅などが挙げられる。特に、銅を主成分とする銅合金が好ましい。また、その表層に、銀、アルミニウム、ロジウム、金、銅、又はこれらの合金などのめっきや光反射膜が設けられていてもよく、なかでも光反射性に優れる銀が好ましい。リード電極は、例えばリードフレームがカット・フォーミングにより個々の発光装置の一部として個片化されたものである。リードフレームは、上記材料からなる金属板に、プレスやエッチング、圧延など各種の加工を施したものが母体となる。リード電極の厚さは、任意に選択できるが、例えば0.1mm以上1mm以下であり、好ましくは0.2mm以上0.4mm以下である。
配線基板の母体は、電気的絶縁性を有するものがよいが、導電性を有するものでも、絶縁膜などを介することで配線と電気的に絶縁させることができる。配線基板の母体の材料としては、酸化アルミニウム、窒化アルミニウム又はこれらの混合物を含むセラミックスや、銅、鉄、ニッケル、クロム、アルミニウム、銀、金、チタン又はこれらの合金を含む金属や、エポキシ樹脂、BTレジン、ポリイミド樹脂などの樹脂又はこれらの繊維強化樹脂(強化材はガラスなど)が挙げられる。配線基板は、母体の材質や厚さにより、リジッド基板、又は可撓性基板(フレキシブル基板)とすることができる。また、配線基板は、平板状の形態に限らず、上記パッケージと同様の凹部を有する形態とすることもできる。
発光素子は、LED素子などの半導体発光素子を用いることができる。発光素子は、少なくとも発光素子構造を備え、多くの場合に基板を更に備える。発光素子の上面視形状は、四角形、特に正方形又は一方向に長い矩形であることが好ましいが、その他の形状であってもよい。発光素子(特に基板)の側面は、上面に対して、略垂直であってもよいし、内側又は外側に傾斜していてもよい。発光素子は、同一面側にp,n両電極を有する構造のものでもよいし、p電極とn電極が素子の上面と下面に別個に設けられる、対向電極(上下電極)構造のものでもよい。同一面側にp,n両電極を有する構造の発光素子は、各電極をワイヤでリード電極や配線と接続されるか(フェイスアップ実装)、又は各電極を導電性接着剤でリード電極や配線と接続される(フリップチップ(フェイスダウン)実装)。対向電極構造の発光素子は、下面電極が導電性接着剤でリード電極や配線に接続され、上面電極がワイヤでリード電極や配線と接続される。1つの発光装置に搭載される発光素子は、1つでも複数でもよく、複数の場合には2種以上の半導体の発光素子を組み合わせてもよい。複数の発光素子は、直列又は並列に接続することができる。
基板は、発光素子構造を構成する半導体の結晶を成長可能な結晶成長用基板であってもよいし、結晶成長用基板から分離した発光素子構造に接合させる接合用基板であってもよい。基板が透光性を有することで、フリップチップ実装を採用しやすく、また光の取り出し効率を高めやすい。基板が導電性を有することで、対向電極構造を採用することができ、また発光素子構造に面内均一に給電しやすく電力効率を高めやすい。結晶成長用基板の母材としては、サファイア、スピネル、窒化ガリウム、窒化アルミニウム、シリコン、炭化珪素、ガリウム砒素、ガリウム燐、インジウム燐、硫化亜鉛、酸化亜鉛、セレン化亜鉛、ダイヤモンドなどが挙げられる。接合用基板としては、遮光性基板であることが好ましい。遮光性基板は、熱伝導性に優れるものが多く、発光素子の放熱性を高めやすい。具体的には、シリコン、炭化珪素、窒化アルミニウム、銅、銅−タングステン、ガリウム砒素、セラミックスなどを用いることができる。また、基板が接合用基板の場合、発光素子構造から基板内部への光の進行を抑制する接合層(反射層)があれば、光学特性よりも熱伝導性や導電性を優先的に考慮して基板を選択することができる。基板の厚さは、例えば50μm以上1000μm以下であり、基板の機械的強度及び発光装置全体の厚さの観点では、100μm以上500μm以下であることが好ましい。また一方、基板が透光性である場合、発光効率の観点では厚いほど良く、200μm以上900μm以下であることがより好ましく、300μm以上900μm以下であることがより好ましい。
発光素子構造は、半導体層の積層体、即ち少なくともn型半導体層とp型半導体層を含み、活性層をその間に介することが好ましい。さらに、発光素子構造は、電極や保護膜を含んでもよい。電極は、金、銀、錫、プラチナ、ロジウム、チタン、アルミニウム、タングステン、パラジウム、ニッケル又はこれらの合金で構成することができる。保護膜は、珪素、チタン、ジルコニウム、ニオブ、タンタル、アルミニウムからなる群より選択される少なくとも一種の元素の酸化物又は窒化物で構成することができる。発光素子構造の発光波長は、半導体材料やその混晶比によって、紫外域から赤外域まで選択することができる。半導体材料としては、蛍光体を効率良く励起できる短波長の光を発光可能な材料である、窒化物半導体(主として一般式InxAlyGa1−x−yN、0≦x、0≦y、x+y≦1)で表される)を用いることが好ましい。このほか、InAlGaAs系半導体、InAlGaP系半導体、硫化亜鉛、セレン化亜鉛、炭化珪素などを用いることもできる。
封止部材は、発光素子などを、封止して、埃や外力などから保護する部材である。封止部材は、電気的絶縁性を有することが好ましい。また、封止部材は、発光素子から出射される光を透過可能(好ましくは光透過率70%以上)であることが好ましい。封止部材の母材としては、シリコーン樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、フェノール樹脂、ポリカーボネート樹脂、アクリル樹脂、TPX樹脂、ポリノルボルネン樹脂、又はこれらの変性樹脂やこれらの樹脂を1種以上含むハイブリッド樹脂が挙げられる。ガラスでもよい。なかでも、シリコーン樹脂又はその変性樹脂は、耐熱性や耐光性に優れ、硬化後の体積収縮が少ないため、好ましい。特に、封止部材の母材は、フェニルシリコーン樹脂を主成分とすることが好ましい。フェニルシリコーン樹脂は、ガスバリア性にも優れ、腐食性ガスによるリード電極や配線の劣化を抑制しやすい。封止部材は、その母材中に、充填剤や蛍光体などを含有することが好ましいが、含有していなくてもよい。
充填剤は、拡散剤や着色剤などを用いることができる。具体的には、シリカ、酸化チタン、酸化マグネシウム、炭酸マグネシウム、水酸化マグネシウム、炭酸カルシウム、水酸化カルシウム、珪酸カルシウム、酸化亜鉛、チタン酸バリウム、酸化アルミニウム、酸化鉄、酸化クロム、酸化マンガン、ガラス、カーボンブラックなどが挙げられる。充填剤の形状は、球状、不定形破砕状、針状、柱状、板状(鱗片状を含む)、繊維状、又は樹枝状などが挙げられる。また、中空又は多孔質のものでもよい。
蛍光体は、発光素子から出射される一次光の少なくとも一部を吸収して、一次光とは異なる波長の二次光を出射する。蛍光体は、1種でもよいし、2種以上の組み合わせであってもよい。具体的には、セリウムで賦活されたイットリウム・アルミニウム・ガーネット、ユウロピウム及び/又はクロムで賦活された窒素含有アルミノ珪酸カルシウム、ユウロピウムで賦活されたサイアロン、ユウロピウムで賦活されたシリケート、マンガンで賦活されたフッ化珪酸カリウムなどが挙げられる。なかでも、マンガンで賦活されたフッ化珪酸カリウムは、発光ピーク波長が赤色域の蛍光体であって、発光スペクトル線幅が比較的狭く、例えば液晶ディスプレイの色再現性を高めるのに好適である。
接着剤は、発光素子を基体に接着する部材である。絶縁性接着剤は、エポキシ樹脂、シリコーン樹脂、ポリイミド樹脂、又はこれらの変性樹脂やハイブリッド樹脂などを用いることができる。導電性接着剤としては、銀、金、パラジウムなどの導電性ペーストや、錫−ビスマス系、錫−銅系、錫−銀系、金−錫系の半田などを用いることができる。
ワイヤは、発光素子の電極と、リード電極や配線と、を接続する導線である。具体的には、金、銅、銀、プラチナ、アルミニウム又はこれらの合金の金属線を用いることができる。特に、封止部材からの応力による破断が生じにくく、熱抵抗などに優れる金線が好ましい。また、光反射性を高めるために、少なくとも表面が銀又は銀合金で構成されていてもよい。
実施例1の発光装置は、図1に示す例の発光装置100の構造を有する、略直方体状のトップビュー式のSMD型LEDである。
20…第1発光素子(21…活性層、25…基板)
30…第2発光素子(31…活性層、35…基板)
40…封止部材(401…第1領域、402…第2領域、45…母材、50…蛍光体)
100,200…発光装置
Claims (4)
- 素子載置面を有する基体と、
前記素子載置面上に設けられ、窒化物半導体の活性層を有し、発光ピーク波長が青色域にある第1発光素子と、
前記素子載置面上に設けられ、窒化物半導体の活性層を有し、発光ピーク波長が緑色域にある第2発光素子と、
前記素子載置面上に設けられ、前記第1発光素子の光に励起され発光ピーク波長が赤色域にある蛍光体を含有し、前記第1発光素子及び前記第2発光素子を封止する封止部材と、を備え、
前記封止部材は、前記素子載置面側から、前記蛍光体が存在する第1領域と、前記蛍光体が実質的に存在しない第2領域と、を順に含み、
前記第1発光素子の上面の高さは、前記第1領域内の高さであり、
前記第2発光素子の上面の高さは、前記第2領域内の高さであり、
前記第2発光素子の一部は前記第1領域内に設けられており、
前記第2発光素子は透光性の基板を有し、
前記第2発光素子の活性層の高さは、前記第1領域内の高さであり、
前記第2発光素子の基板の全ては、前記第2領域内の高さにある発光装置。 - 前記第1発光素子の活性層の高さは、前記第1領域内の高さである請求項1に記載の発光装置。
- 前記第1発光素子は基板を有し、
前記第2発光素子の基板は、前記第1発光素子の基板より厚い請求項1又は2に記載の発光装置。 - 前記素子載置面は、下段と上段を有し、
前記第1発光素子は、前記下段に設けられ、
前記第2発光素子は、前記上段に設けられている請求項1乃至3のいずれか一項に記載の発光装置。
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JP2004356116A (ja) | 2003-05-26 | 2004-12-16 | Citizen Electronics Co Ltd | 発光ダイオード |
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JP2010206063A (ja) | 2009-03-05 | 2010-09-16 | Sony Corp | GaN系半導体発光素子の駆動方法、画像表示装置におけるGaN系半導体発光素子の駆動方法、面状光源装置の駆動方法、及び、発光装置の駆動方法 |
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