JP6505846B2 - プロトン伝導性複合酸化物およびそれを電解質として使用した燃料電池 - Google Patents
プロトン伝導性複合酸化物およびそれを電解質として使用した燃料電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6505846B2 JP6505846B2 JP2017536406A JP2017536406A JP6505846B2 JP 6505846 B2 JP6505846 B2 JP 6505846B2 JP 2017536406 A JP2017536406 A JP 2017536406A JP 2017536406 A JP2017536406 A JP 2017536406A JP 6505846 B2 JP6505846 B2 JP 6505846B2
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- complex oxide
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- oxide
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims description 112
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 33
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims description 20
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 18
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
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- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 49
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 30
- 238000000634 powder X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 26
- ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCO ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
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- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 15
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- RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin-22,24-diide Chemical compound [Cu+2].C1=CC(C(=C2C=CC([N-]2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC(N=2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C2=CC=C3[N-]2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=NC1=C3C1=CC=CC=C1 RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
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- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
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- YXEUGTSPQFTXTR-UHFFFAOYSA-K lanthanum(3+);trihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[La+3] YXEUGTSPQFTXTR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
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- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[La+3].[La+3] MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 6
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- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 5
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
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- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 4
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000005711 Benzoic acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910021193 La 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- -1 Li 2 SO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000010233 benzoic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004445 quantitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- BBMCTIGTTCKYKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-heptanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCO BBMCTIGTTCKYKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910018921 CoO 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003991 Rietveld refinement Methods 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002604 lanthanum compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 150000002642 lithium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 2
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001144 powder X-ray diffraction data Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003138 primary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004467 single crystal X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003755 zirconium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- WZFUQSJFWNHZHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]-1-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethanone Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)N1CCN(CC1)CC(=O)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 WZFUQSJFWNHZHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910020851 La(NO3)3.6H2O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017569 La2(CO3)3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018068 Li 2 O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018071 Li 2 O 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010611 Li6.75La3Ta0.25Zr1.75O12 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013553 LiNO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000010718 Oxidation Activity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000333 X-ray scattering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910007926 ZrCl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WYDJZNNBDSIQFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[Zr+4].[Li+] Chemical compound [O-2].[Zr+4].[Li+] WYDJZNNBDSIQFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AZJLMWQBMKNUKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Zr].[La] Chemical compound [Zr].[La] AZJLMWQBMKNUKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005456 alcohol based solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000008033 biological extinction Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001962 electrophoresis Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002363 hafnium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000449 hafnium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WIHZLLGSGQNAGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium(4+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Hf+4] WIHZLLGSGQNAGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007641 inkjet printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010416 ion conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010884 ion-beam technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- NZPIUJUFIFZSPW-UHFFFAOYSA-H lanthanum carbonate Chemical compound [La+3].[La+3].[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O NZPIUJUFIFZSPW-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 229960001633 lanthanum carbonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000000608 laser ablation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GLVGLXXAZUYQQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium lanthanum(3+) oxygen(2-) Chemical class [Li+].[O--].[O--].[La+3] GLVGLXXAZUYQQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002076 stabilized zirconia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012916 structural analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003826 uniaxial pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G25/00—Compounds of zirconium
- C01G25/006—Compounds containing, besides zirconium, two or more other elements, with the exception of oxygen or hydrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
- C01F17/00—Compounds of rare earth metals
- C01F17/30—Compounds containing rare earth metals and at least one element other than a rare earth metal, oxygen or hydrogen, e.g. La4S3Br6
- C01F17/32—Compounds containing rare earth metals and at least one element other than a rare earth metal, oxygen or hydrogen, e.g. La4S3Br6 oxide or hydroxide being the only anion, e.g. NaCeO2 or MgxCayEuO
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G27/00—Compounds of hafnium
- C01G27/006—Compounds containing, besides hafnium, two or more other elements, with the exception of oxygen or hydrogen
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- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/06—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances
- H01B1/08—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances oxides
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- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
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- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
- H01M8/124—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the process of manufacturing or by the material of the electrolyte
- H01M8/1246—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the process of manufacturing or by the material of the electrolyte the electrolyte consisting of oxides
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- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
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- C01P2002/80—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured data other than those specified in group C01P2002/70
- C01P2002/88—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured data other than those specified in group C01P2002/70 by thermal analysis data, e.g. TGA, DTA, DSC
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- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/30—Particle morphology extending in three dimensions
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Description
(複合酸化物Li7−xHxLa3Zr2O12(3.2<x≦6.6)の合成)
原料複合酸化物Li7La3Zr2O12(高純度化学研究所製)粉体1gと無水エタノール(和光純薬製、特級試薬)20mLを、内容積100mLのPTFE製ビーカーに入れ、それをSUS製耐圧容器にセットした。このSUS製耐圧容器を乾燥器に入れ、最高温度120℃で10時間、24時間、48時間、120時間、および240時間保持した。その後冷却し、エタノールで洗浄して粉体試料のみを取り出した。そして、空気中60℃で乾燥させて各複合酸化物の粉体試料を回収した。
(原料複合酸化物Li7La3Zr2O12多結晶の合成)
炭酸リチウム(Li2CO3、レアメタリック製、純度99.99%)、酸化ランタン(La2O3、レアメタリック製、純度99.99%)、および酸化ジルコニウム(ZrO2、レアメタリック製、純度99.99%)の各原料粉末を、物質量比(mol比)でLi:La:Zr=7.7:3:2となるように秤量した。これらをエタノール中にてメノウ製の乳鉢で混合し、乾燥させた後、ふた付きのアルミナるつぼ(ニッカトー製、グレードSSA−S、型番C3)に充填し、マッフル炉(ヤマト科学製、FP310)を用いて、空気中950℃で5時間加熱した。
上記で合成した原料複合酸化物Li7La3Zr2O12粉体1gと無水エタノール20mLを、内容積100mLのPTFE製ビーカーに入れ、それをSUS製耐圧容器にセットした。このSUS製耐圧容器を乾燥器に入れ、最高温度120℃で24時間保持した。その後冷却し、エタノールで洗浄して粉体のみを取り出した。そして、空気中60℃で乾燥させて複合酸化物の粉体試料を回収した。
(原料複合酸化物Li7La3Zr2O12単結晶の合成)
実施例2で合成した原料複合酸化物Li7La3Zr2O12多結晶粉末1gと炭酸リチウム1gを秤量・湿式混合し、乾燥させた後、内容積30mLのふた付きの金ルツボに充填し、マッフル炉を用いて、空気中1040℃で96時間加熱した。その後、12時間かけて室温まで冷却し、生成物をよく水洗して、大きさ30〜100μm程度の多面体形状の原料複合酸化物Li7La3Zr2O12単結晶の試料を得た。単結晶X線回折装置(リガク製、商品名AFC−7S)を用いて、この原料複合酸化物の結晶構造を調べた。この原料複合酸化物は、良好な単結晶性を有し、公知の正方晶系に属するガーネット型構造であることが確認された。
上記で合成した原料複合酸化物Li7La3Zr2O12単結晶0.1gと無水エタノール20mLを、内容積100mLのPTFE製ビーカーに入れ、それをSUS製耐圧容器にセットした。このSUS製耐圧容器を乾燥器に入れ、最高温度120℃で186時間保持した。その後冷却し、エタノールで洗浄して単結晶試料のみを取り出した。そして、空気中60℃で乾燥させて複合酸化物の粉体試料を回収した。
(原料複合酸化物Li7La3Hf2O12の合成)
炭酸リチウム、酸化ランタン、および酸化ハフニウム(HfO2、レアメタリック製、純度99.99%)の各原料粉末を、物質量比でLi:La:Hf=7.7:3:2となるように秤量した。これらをエタノール中にてメノウ製の乳鉢で混合し、乾燥後、ふた付きのアルミナるつぼに充填し、マッフル炉を用いて、空気中950℃で5時間加熱した。その後、粉砕・混合を行い、空気中980℃で5時間再加熱して原料複合酸化物Li7La3Hf2O12を得た。粉末X線回折装置(リガク製、商品名SmartLab 3kW)により、この原料複合酸化物の結晶構造を調べた。この原料複合酸化物は、良好な結晶性を有し、公知の正方晶系に属するガーネット型構造の単一相であることが確認された。この粉末X線回折チャートを図9に示す。
原料複合酸化物Li7La3Zr2O12に代えて、上記で合成した原料複合酸化物Li7La3Hf2O12を用いたことを除いて、無水エタノールを用いた実施例2と同様にして複合酸化物の粉体試料を回収した。粉末X線回折装置(リガク製、商品名SmartLab 3kW)を用いて、この複合酸化物の結晶構造を調べた。この複合酸化物は、良好な結晶性を有するガーネット型構造の単一相であることが確認された。この粉末X線回折チャートを図10に示す。図10に示すように、この複合酸化物のチャートは、正方晶系のピーク分離がなく立方晶化している。また、22°、53°付近に明確なピークが観測されていることから、この複合酸化物の結晶構造はIa−3dではなく、I−43dの空間群であることが確認できた。また、最小二乗法により算出した格子定数aは13.0772(1)Åであった。
(複合酸化物Li0.05H6.95La3Hf2O12の合成)
実施例4の原料複合酸化物Li7La3Hf2O12粉体1gと、イオン交換水20mLと、安息香酸(C7H6O2、和光純薬製、純度99.5%)粉末2gを、内容積100mLのPTFE製ビーカーに入れ、それをSUS製耐圧容器にセットした。このSUS製耐圧容器を乾燥器に入れ、最高温度200℃で24時間保持した。その後冷却し、エタノールで洗浄して粉体のみを取り出した。そして、空気中60℃で乾燥させて複合酸化物の粉体試料を回収した。
(複合酸化物Li7−xHxLa3Zr2O12(3.2<x≦6.6)の還流合成)
原料複合酸化物Li7La3Zr2O12(高純度化学研究所製)粉体5gと1−ヘキサノール(和光純薬製、特級試薬)100mLを、低温イオン交換処理装置(SIBATA製、商品名Chemi Chemi−200型)に入れ、撹拌しながら、100℃、120℃、140℃、および160℃の4種類の合成温度で24時間還流操作を行った。その後、無水エタノールで洗浄して粉末のみを取り出した。そして、空気中60℃で乾燥させて各複合酸化物の粉体試料を回収した。
(複合酸化物Li0.39H6.61La3Zr2O12の合成)
原料複合酸化物Li7La3Zr2O12(高純度化学研究所製)粉体1gと、無水エタノール20mLと、安息香酸(和光純薬製、特級試薬)2gを、内容積100mLのPTFE製ビーカーに入れ、それをSUS製耐圧容器にセットした。このSUS製耐圧容器を乾燥器に入れ、最高温度200℃で24時間保持した。その後冷却し、エタノールで洗浄して粉体のみを取り出した。そして、空気中60℃で乾燥させて複合酸化物の粉体試料を回収した。
(複合酸化物H7La3Zr2O12の合成)
乾燥器の最高温度を220℃としたことを除いて、実施例7と同様にして、複合酸化物の粉体試料を回収した。粉末X線回折装置(リガク製、商品名SmartLab 3kW)により、この複合酸化物の結晶構造を調べた。この複合酸化物は、良好な結晶性を有するガーネット型構造の単一相であることが確認された。この粉末X線回折チャートを図17に示す。この複合酸化物のチャートは、正方晶系のピーク分離がなく立方晶化している。この複合酸化物の結晶構造は、Ia−3dであることが確認できた。また、最小二乗法により算出したこの複合酸化物の格子定数aは、13.0943(2)Åであった。
上記で合成した複合酸化物H7La3Zr2O120.4gを一軸加圧成形法で加圧して、ペレット状の圧粉体を得た。この圧粉体とイオン交換水20mLを、内容積100mLのPTFE製ビーカーに入れ、それをSUS製耐圧容器にセットした。このSUS製耐圧容器を乾燥器に入れ、最高温度180℃で24時間保持した。その後、冷却してペレット状の固体電解質を得た。得られた固体電解質の相対密度を算出したところ78%であった。また、上記で合成した複合酸化物H7La3Zr2O12粉末0.05gに、PTFE粉末を4wt%の割合で混合し、一軸加圧成形法で60MPaにて加圧して薄膜状のコンポジット膜を得た。得られたコンポジット膜は、直径10mm、厚さ0.2mm、質量0.0485gの緻密な膜状成形体であった。
(複合酸化物Li6.25H0.75La3Zr2O12の合成)
原料複合酸化物Li7La3Zr2O12(高純度化学研究所製)粉体10gと純水500mLをガラスビーカーに入れ、25℃の室温条件下で24時間撹拌し、その後、無水エタノールで洗浄して粉末試料のみを取り出した。そして、空気中60℃で乾燥させて複合酸化物の粉体試料を回収した。
(純水のみを用いた複合酸化物Li7−xHxLa3Zr2O12の合成)
実施例2のLi7La3Zr2O12粉体1gと純水20mLを、内容積100mLのPTFE製ビーカーに入れ、それをSUS製耐圧容器にセットした。このSUS製耐圧容器を乾燥器に入れ、最高温度(交換温度)80℃、100℃、120℃、140℃、および180℃の5種類で24時間保持した。その後冷却し、エタノールで洗浄して粉体のみを取り出した。そして、空気中60℃で乾燥させて各複合酸化物の粉体試料を回収した。
2 燃料極
3 インターコネクタ
4 電解質
5 空気極
Claims (12)
- 化学式Li7−xHxLa3M2O12(MはZrおよび/またはHf、3.2<x≦6.6)で表され、立方晶系に属するガーネット型構造の単一相である複合酸化物。
- 立方晶系の格子定数aが、13.07Å<a<13.11Åを満たす請求項1に記載の複合酸化物。
- 結晶構造がI−43dの空間群である請求項1または2に記載の複合酸化物。
- 化学式Li7−xHxLa3M2O12(MはZrおよび/またはHf、6.6<x≦7)で表され、立方晶系に属するガーネット型構造の単一相である複合酸化物。
- 立方晶系の格子定数aが、13.07Å<a<13.11Åを満たす請求項4に記載の複合酸化物。
- 結晶構造がIa−3dの空間群である請求項4または5に記載の複合酸化物。
- 請求項1から6のいずれかに記載の複合酸化物を含有するプロトン伝導体。
- 燃料極と、空気極と、請求項7に記載のプロトン伝導体を含有する固定電解質とを有する燃料電池。
- 化学式Li7−xHxLa3M2O12(MはZrおよび/またはHf、3.2<x≦7)で表され、立方晶系に属するガーネット型構造の単一相である複合酸化物の製造方法であって、
化学式Li7−xHxLa3M2O12(MはZrおよび/またはHf、0≦x≦3.2)で表される原料複合酸化物と、ヒドロキシ基またはカルボキシル基を有する化合物を接触させて、前記原料複合酸化物の少なくとも一部のリチウムを、前記ヒドロキシ基またはカルボキシル基を有する化合物の水素と交換する交換工程を有する複合酸化物の製造方法。 - 前記ヒドロキシ基またはカルボキシル基を有する化合物が、酸性水溶液に含有されている、またはアルコールである請求項9に記載の複合酸化物の製造方法。
- 前記交換工程で、前記原料複合酸化物と、前記ヒドロキシ基またはカルボキシル基を有する化合物を温度80〜220℃で接触させる請求項9または10に記載の複合酸化物の製造方法。
- 前記交換工程で、前記原料複合酸化物と、前記ヒドロキシ基またはカルボキシル基を有する化合物を12時間以上接触させる請求項9から11のいずれかに記載の複合酸化物の製造方法。
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