JP6494680B2 - 光学的に透過性のスラグによる材料処理法 - Google Patents
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- B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
- B23K26/144—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor the fluid stream containing particles, e.g. powder
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- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/18—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using absorbing layers on the workpiece, e.g. for marking or protecting purposes
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- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
- B23K26/211—Bonding by welding with interposition of special material to facilitate connection of the parts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/34—Laser welding for purposes other than joining
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/18—Submerged-arc welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B11/00—Single-crystal growth by normal freezing or freezing under temperature gradient, e.g. Bridgman-Stockbarger method
- C30B11/005—Single-crystal growth by normal freezing or freezing under temperature gradient, e.g. Bridgman-Stockbarger method by irradiation or electric discharge
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B11/00—Single-crystal growth by normal freezing or freezing under temperature gradient, e.g. Bridgman-Stockbarger method
- C30B11/04—Single-crystal growth by normal freezing or freezing under temperature gradient, e.g. Bridgman-Stockbarger method adding crystallising materials or reactants forming it in situ to the melt
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B29/00—Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape
- C30B29/10—Inorganic compounds or compositions
- C30B29/52—Alloys
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Description
本発明は、概して材料技術の分野、特に、供給材料を溶融させるためにエネルギビームを使用する付加的な方法、1つの実施の形態においては、レーザ熱源を使用して金属を堆積させる方法に関する。
エレクトロスラグ溶接(ESW)は慣用の方法である。ESWは、溶融した導電性スラグを通じて基板表面へ1つ又は複数の供給金属ワイヤを通じて電流を連続的に流すことにより、溶融合金池を生ぜしめる。この方法において、アークは存在しないが、スラグ及び金属における電気抵抗が熱を発生し、供給金属を連続的に溶融させ、これにより、溶融金属池に加わる。溶融池の深さが増大するにつれて、溶融池の底部の金属が冷却され、鉛直方向に固化し、これにより、基板に新たに鋳造された材料を加える。このタイプの方法はしばしば、橋又はオイル貯蔵タンク用などの極めて厚い板を接合するために用いられる。これらの用途では、接合される板のエッジは、溶融池の2つの側を含んでおり、他方の2つの側を含むために、水冷式銅製シューが用いられる。
なお、William J.O’Sullivan,“Variable−Transparency Wall Regulates Temperatures of Structures”,June 1964,NASA Technical Brief,63−10528は、複数のガラスシートの間のパラフィン層を含む可変透明性壁を記載している。強い光に曝されると、そうでないときは不透明又は半透明のパラフィンは溶融し、光学的に透過性となり、これにより、壁自体がその温度を調節することができる。
図1は、本発明の態様により作動する装置20を示している。装置は、型22を有する。型22は、例えば、水冷式の銅製の型、又は冷却及び/又は加熱を行う又は行わない耐火金属又はセラミックの型であってよい。合金基板24は、型22において堆積及び構築されている。合金基板24は、溶融スラグ層30の下側において金属合金溶融池28が固化しながら、一軸方向26に成長する。供給装置34によって合金粉末32がスラグ層30上に堆積又はスラグ層30内へ噴射されてよい。合金粉末32は、溶融スラグ層30の表面張力を介して噴射されるか、又は溶融の前又は溶融の間にその重量により沈み込まされてよい。レーザビーム36は、1つ又は複数のパス38に沿って方向付けられ、所望の溶融領域を生ぜしめるために、後述のようにスキャン及びラスタされてよい。
1.合金の融点よりも低い温度での溶融(例えば1260℃未満)。これは、下側にある溶融した金属の熱が、スラグの表面を溶融状態に保つ場合に、有益である。
Claims (6)
- スラグ層の下側の基板への固化及び堆積のためにフィード材料を溶融させるためにエネルギビームに対して少なくとも部分的に透過性の溶融したスラグ層を通過するように前記エネルギビームを方向付けることを含む、方法であって、
前記基板の表面をるつぼ内で成長させるために前記るつぼ内へ前記フィード材料及びエネルギビームを方向付けることをさらに含み、前記溶融したフィード材料が前記基板の表面に定着し、固化するときに、前記溶融したスラグ層は、前記基板の成長する表面の上方に浮遊しており、
前記方法は、
前記エネルギビームを前記るつぼ内へレーザビームとして方向付けるステップと、
前記基板を鉛直方向で指向的に固化させるために、前記るつぼの底部の下に配置された熱除去装置を用いて、前記るつぼの底部を全体的かつ能動的に冷却するステップと
をさらに含む、
方法。 - 前記るつぼの底部を全体的かつ能動的に冷却するステップの間、前記るつぼの側部を断熱又は能動的に加熱することをさらに含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記溶融したスラグ層の近くの前記るつぼの側部を断熱又は能動的に加熱し、
前記基板の表面の近くの前記るつぼの側部を能動的に冷却することをさらに含む、請求項1記載の方法。 - スラグ層の下側の基板への固化及び堆積のためにフィード材料を溶融させるためにエネルギビームに対して少なくとも部分的に透過性の溶融したスラグ層を通過するように前記エネルギビームを方向付けることを含む、方法であって、
前記基板の表面をるつぼ内で成長させるために前記るつぼ内へ前記フィード材料及びエネルギビームを方向付けることをさらに含み、前記溶融したフィード材料が前記基板の表面に定着し、固化するときに、前記溶融したスラグ層は、前記基板の成長する表面の上方に浮遊しており、
前記基板を鉛直方向で指向的に固化させるために前記るつぼの底部を能動的に冷却しながら粉末状のフィード材料を前記るつぼ内へ連続的に供給し、
次第に粉末状のフィード材料の組成を変化させ、これにより、厚さにわたって段階的な組成を含む指向的に固化された基板を形成することをさらに含む、方法。 - 連続的に供給するステップの間、前記粉末状のフィード材料におけるアルミニウムのパーセンテージを変化させることをさらに含む、請求項4記載の方法。
- 連続的に供給するステップの間、前記粉末状のフィード材料におけるクロムのパーセンテージを変化させることをさらに含む、請求項4記載の方法。
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US201361758795P | 2013-01-31 | 2013-01-31 | |
US61/758,795 | 2013-01-31 | ||
US14/144,680 | 2013-12-31 | ||
US14/144,680 US9770781B2 (en) | 2013-01-31 | 2013-12-31 | Material processing through optically transmissive slag |
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JP2017055788A Expired - Fee Related JP6494680B2 (ja) | 2013-01-31 | 2017-03-22 | 光学的に透過性のスラグによる材料処理法 |
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EP (1) | EP2950967B1 (ja) |
JP (2) | JP6117382B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20150111367A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN105283264A (ja) |
RU (1) | RU2621095C2 (ja) |
SA (1) | SA515360775B1 (ja) |
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KR20150111367A (ko) | 2015-10-05 |
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CN105283264A (zh) | 2016-01-27 |
US9770781B2 (en) | 2017-09-26 |
RU2015131829A (ru) | 2017-03-10 |
JP6117382B2 (ja) | 2017-04-19 |
WO2014120854A3 (en) | 2014-09-25 |
WO2014120854A2 (en) | 2014-08-07 |
SA515360775B1 (ar) | 2019-02-20 |
EP2950967B1 (en) | 2016-12-28 |
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EP2950967A2 (en) | 2015-12-09 |
US20140220374A1 (en) | 2014-08-07 |
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