JP6477892B2 - 燃料電池システム及び燃料電池制御方法 - Google Patents
燃料電池システム及び燃料電池制御方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
図1を参照して第1実施形態に係る燃料電池システム1の構成を説明する。図1に示すように、燃料電池システム1は、アノード10a及びカソード10bを備えた前段燃料電池10と、アノード11a及びカソード11bを備えた後段燃料電池11と、改質器12を備える。改質器12から送出される改質ガスは、アノード10aに供給され、さらに燃料流路16を介してアノード11aにも供給される。
[数1]
ηref=ΔHref/ΔH・・・(1)
ここで、ΔHrefは改質後エンタルピー変化量であり、ΔHは投入エンタルピー変化量である。共に、エンタルピー変化の基準としては、ここでは低位発熱量の定義を採用する。本案件は、この定義に限定されるものではない。
第1実施形態において、前段燃料電池10及び後段燃料電池11で使用する改質ガスがアノード10aに供給される。すなわち、2つの燃料電池の発電に必要な改質ガスがアノード10aに供給される。改質ガスにはメタンが含まれているため、アノード10aには多量のメタンが供給されることになる。
[数2]
Q1=ΔH1−P1・・・(2)
ここで、ΔH1は前段燃料電池10の発電利用燃料エンタルピー変化量である。
[数3]
QDR=ΔHout1+ΔH1−ΔHref・・・(3)
ここで、ΔHout1は、前段燃料電池10出口の未利用燃料エンタルピー変化量である。
[数4]
ηFU=ΔHin/ΔHref・・・(4)
ここで、ΔHinは発電利用燃料の総エンタルピー変化量である。前段燃料電池10の発電利用燃料エンタルピー変化量をΔH1とし、後段燃料電池11の発電利用燃料エンタルピー変化量をΔH2とした場合、ΔHinは、(5)式で表される。
[数5]
ΔHin=ΔH1+ΔH2・・・(5)
[数6]
ηS=P/ΔH=ηref×ηFC×ηFU・・・(6)
ここで、ηFCは、前段燃料電池10及び後段燃料電池11の発電効率である。この発電効率ηFCについては後述する。上記(6)式に示すようにシステム効率ηSは、改質効率ηrefと発電効率ηFCと燃料利用率ηFUとの積で表される。
図4に示すように、発電効率ηFCを縦軸にとり、前段燃料電池10と後段燃料電池11の総電流量(I1N1+I2N2)に対する前段燃料電池10の電流量I1N1の割合を横軸にとると、縦軸と横軸の関係は所定のピークをもつ放物線になる。なお、N2は、後段燃料電池11のスタック積層段数である。発電効率ηFCは、(7)式で表される。
[数7]
ηFU=P1+P2/ΔHin・・・(7)
次に、本発明の第2実施形態を説明する。第2実施形態に係る燃料電池システム1は、前述した第1実施形態と構成は同一であり、運転条件を算出する手法が相違する。即ち、第1実施形態では図3〜図6に示した各マップを参照して運転条件を設定したが、第2実施形態では、以下に示すように、図3〜図6に加え、図8〜図11のマップを参照して運転条件を設定する。以下、図12、図13に示すフローチャートを参照して、第2実施形態に係る燃料電池システムの作用について詳細に説明する。
11 後段燃料電池
12 改質器
S2 センサ
20 制御部
Claims (6)
- 前段燃料電池と、前記前段燃料電池に燃料流路を介して接続される後段燃料電池を有する燃料電池システムにおいて、
燃料を改質し、改質ガスを前記前段燃料電池に供給する改質器と、
前記前段燃料電池の電流量に基づいて前記前段燃料電池の発熱量を予測し、前記改質器に投入される燃料の流量に基づいて前記前段燃料電池の吸熱量を予測する制御手段と、を備え、
前記制御手段は、予測した前記発熱量より、予測した前記吸熱量が大きい場合、前記前段燃料電池の電流量、前記改質器へ供給する空気流量、または前記前段燃料電池の温度のうち少なくとも1つを制御する
ことを特徴とする燃料電池システム。 - 前記制御手段は、前記改質器の改質効率と、前記前段燃料電池及び前記後段燃料電池の発電効率と、燃料電池システムに供給される前記燃料に対する発電に利用された前記燃料の割合を示す燃料利用率との積であるシステム効率に基づいて、運転条件を設定することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の燃料電池システム。
- 前記制御手段は、前記発熱量より前記吸熱量が大きい場合、前記前段燃料電池の電流量を増加させることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の燃料電池システム。
- 前記制御手段は、前記電流量を増加させた際、前記電流量に対する前記発電効率の傾きが正の場合はさらに前記電流量を増加させ、前記傾きがゼロまたは負の場合はシステム効率を予測することを特徴とする請求項3に記載の燃料電池システム。
- 前記制御手段は、前記発電効率が前記後段燃料電池のみで発電した際の第2発電効率より大きい場合は前記改質器に空気を供給し、前記発電効率が前記第2発電効率より小さい場合は前記前段燃料電池の温度を下げることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の燃料電池システム。
- 前段燃料電池と、前記前段燃料電池に燃料流路を介して接続される後段燃料電池を有する燃料電池制御方法において、
燃料を改質し、改質ガスを前記前段燃料電池に供給し、
前記前段燃料電池の電流量に基づいて前記前段燃料電池の発熱量を予測し、前記改質器に投入される燃料の流量に基づいて前記前段燃料電池の吸熱量を予測し、
予測した前記発熱量より予測した前記吸熱量が大きい場合、前記前段燃料電池の電流量、改質器へ供給する空気流量、または前記前段燃料電池の温度のうち少なくとも1つを制御する
ことを特徴とする燃料電池制御方法。
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