JP6463130B2 - 腫瘍転移及び腫瘍形成の予防及び治療のための化合物並びに方法 - Google Patents
腫瘍転移及び腫瘍形成の予防及び治療のための化合物並びに方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6463130B2 JP6463130B2 JP2014547550A JP2014547550A JP6463130B2 JP 6463130 B2 JP6463130 B2 JP 6463130B2 JP 2014547550 A JP2014547550 A JP 2014547550A JP 2014547550 A JP2014547550 A JP 2014547550A JP 6463130 B2 JP6463130 B2 JP 6463130B2
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Description
本発明は、国立衛生研究所により授与されたR01 GM078555、R03 MH082371およびU54 HG005031の下、政府の支援によってなされたものである。政府は、本発明において一定の権利を有する。
腫瘍転移は、疾患が、生体の一つの器官から隣接しない別の器官に広がるのに用いられる細胞機構である。このプロセスは、特に固形癌の進行に重要であり、この疾患に関連する死亡の大半の原因となっている。腫瘍病変を治療することが、腫瘍転移の前段階で始められる限り、予後がよくなることは本分野では良く認識されている。この10年間で、腫瘍転移に関わる基本的な機構の理解は進んできているが、腫瘍転移の過程に特異的に影響を及ぼす治療ツールは非常に限られる。
核小体の周辺に対する位置によって特徴づけられるとともにin vitroとin vivoの両面で悪性に関与する核内体である核周辺(小体)コンパートメント(PNC)の阻害剤が、癌、特に転移性癌の治療のためのアンメットニーズに対する解決策の一つとして開示されている。
本開示では、本発明の主成分を具現化した化合物又は塩を含有する医薬組成物を提供する。
R2は、アリール又はヘテロアリールであり、
R3は、H、アルキル、シクロアルキル、アリール、ヘテロアリール、アリールアルキル及びヘテロアリールアルキルから選択され、
R4は、アルキル、シクロアルキル、シクロアルキルアルキル、アリール、ヘテロアリール、アリールアルキル及びヘテロアリールアルキルから選択され、
上記において、H以外のR1,R2,R3及びR4は、アリール及び/又はアルキル部分が、ハロ、アルキル、ヒドロキシアルキル、チオアルキル、アルコキシ、アルキルチオアルキル、アルコキシカルボニル、アルキルチオカルボニル、アミノ、アルキルアミノ、ジアルキルアミノ、アミノスルホニル、ヒドロキシル、パーフルオロアルコキシ、アルキレンジオキシ及びアルキルカルボニルから選択される1以上の置換基で置換されていてもよい。
但し、R2及びR3が共に無置換フェニルでありかつR4が無置換ベンジルであるとき、R1は3-ヒドロキシプロピルではない。)
の化合物又はその医薬的に許容可能な塩を提供する。
ある実施態様によれば、R2は、フェニルである。
上記実施態様のいずれかによれば、R3は、ハロ、アルキル、ヒドロキシアルキル、チオアルキル、アルコキシ、アルキルチオアルキル、アルコキシカルボニル、アルキルチオカルボニル、アミノ、アルキルアミノ、ジアルキルアミノ及びアルキルカルボニルから選択される1以上の置換基で置換されていてもよいフェニルである。
上記実施態様のいずれかによれば、R4は、ベンジルであり、この基中のフェニル環は、アルキル、ヒドロキシアルキル、チオアルキル、アルコキシ、アルキルチオアルキル、アルコキシカルボニル、アルキルチオカルボニル、アミノ、アルキルアミノ、ジアルキルアミノ、アミノスルホニル、ヒドロキシル、パーフルオロアルコキシ及びアルキルカルボニルから選択される1以上の置換基で置換されていてもよい。
上記実施態様のいずれかによれば、R4は、ベンジルである。
ある好ましい実施態様によれば、R1は、以下から選択される:
ある好ましい実施態様では、R1は以下から選択される:
ある実施態様によれば、R4は、フェニルエチルである。
ある好ましい実施態様によれば、R1は以下から選択される:
ある実施態様によれば、R4は、
ある好ましい実施態様によれば、R1は以下から選択される:
ある好ましい実施態様によれば、R1は以下から選択される:
本出願中で用いられる“アリールアルキル”なる用語は、C6-C10アリール環に結合したアルキル基であり、該アルキル基を介して更に分子に結合している基を示す。本出願中で用いられる“アルキルアリール”なる用語は、アルキル基に結合しているC6-C10アリール環であり、該アリール基を介して分子に更に結合している基を示す。
本出願中で用いられる“アルキルカルボニル”なる用語は、カルボニル基に結合したアルキル基であり、アルキル−C(=O)−のように、該カルボニル基を介して更に分子に結合している基を示す。
本出願中で用いられる“アルコキシカルボニル”なる用語は、カルボニル基に結合したアルコキシ基であり、アルキル−O−C(=O)−のように、該カルボニル基を介して更に分子に結合している基を示す。
本発明化合物の実施態様の一般的合成は、反応式1に示される。最初に、化合物104の合成は、アルファヒドロキシケトン100を、塩化亜鉛の触媒の存在下、一級アミンと反応させてアルファアミノケトン101を得、これを単離することなく直接マロン酸ニトリルと反応させてアミノピロール102を得る。アミノピロール102をオルトギ酸トリエチルと反応させて、イミデート103を得る。メタノールのような溶媒中で、イミデート103を一級アミンR1NH2と反応させて最終生成物104を製造する。
反応式1
以下に本発明を具体的に説明する実施例を記載するが、いうまでもなくこれらの実施例は、いかなる意味でも本発明の範囲を限定するものと解されるべきでない。
本実施例は、2-アミノ-1-ベンジル-4,5-ジフェニル‐1H-ピロール-3-カルボニトリルA(本発明の実施態様の一つである化合物の合成中間体)の合成手順を示す。
改良フォークト反応/クネベナーゲル縮合反応の一連反応を、ロス,H. J.ら(Roth, H. J. et al., Arch. Pharmaz. 1975, 308, 179-185)に記載の手順を用いて実施した。ベンゾイン(2.19 g, 10.3 mmol), ベンジルアミン(1.66 g, 15.5 mmol, 1.5 equiv.), 及び塩化亜鉛(0.10 g, 0.73 mmol, 0.07 equiv.)を3時間還流しながら加熱し、この混合物を、油浴からどけた。まだ暖かいこの混合物に、マロノニトリル(1.35 g, 20.64 mmol, 2.0 equiv.) をDMF (3 mL)に加えた液を添加した。この反応混合物を室温まで冷却し、16時間撹拌し、粗製ピロールを暗褐色固体として得た。この固体を、水とCH2Cl2で分配し、水相を更にCH2Cl2(2×50 mL)で抽出した。有機相を合わせ、Na2SO4で乾燥し、真空で溶媒を除き、前記ピロールAを淡褐色固体(1.67 g, 4.78 mmol,収率 46%)として得た。本品は、更に精製することなく用いた。
Rf = 0.22 (ヘキサン中の20% EtOAc液); 1H NMR δ 4.91 (s, 2 H), 7.06-7.37 (complex, 15 H); 13C NMR δ d (CH, CH3) 125.8 (× 2), 126.3, 127.9, 128.1, 128.2 (× 2), 128.6 (× 2), 128.7 (× 2), 129.2 (× 2), 131.0; u (C, CH2) 46.9, 117.5, 120.9, 125.6, 130.8, 133.1, 136.0, 146.0, 162.5; IR 3329, 3228, 3031, 2195, 1663, 1556 cm-1; HRMS C24H20N3[M + H+]としての計算値350.1657, 実測値350.1648。
本実施例は、(E)-エチルN-(1-ベンジル-3-シアノ-4,5-ジフェニル‐1H-ピロール-2-イル)フォルムイミデートB(本発明の実施態様の一つである化合物の合成用中間体)の合成手順を示す。
2-アミノ-1-ベンジル-4,5-ジフェニル-1H-ピロール-3-カルボニトリルA(1.07 g, 3.06 mmol)とオルトギ酸トリエチル(4.54 g, 30.6 mmol, 10 equiv.)を75℃で14時間加熱し、過剰のオルトギ酸トリエチルを真空で除去した。残渣を最少量のCH2Cl2に溶解し、セライト上で吸着させ、シリカ上でのクロマトグラフィーにかけ、該フォルムイミデートBを黄褐色固体(0.80 g, 1.97 mmol, 収率64%)として得た。
Rf = 0.47 (ヘキサン中の20% EtOAc液); mp = 154-156 ℃; 1H NMR δ 1.30 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3 H), 4.27 (dq, J = 0.8, 8.2 Hz, 2 H), 5.05 (s, 2 H), 6.86 (dd, J = 2.0, 8.0 Hz, 2 H), 7.06 (dd, J = 1.6, 8.0 Hz, 2 H), 7.14-7.29 (complex, 11 H), 8.51 (s, 1 H); 13C NMR δ d (CH, CH3) 13.9, 126.4 (× 2), 126.5, 127.2, 128.1 (× 2), 128.2, 128.4 (× 4), 129.0 (× 2), 131.2 (× 2), 158.3; u (C, CH2) 46.9, 63.2, 117.9, 123.1, 128.5, 130.8, 132.8, 137.6, 143.9; IR 2208, 1627, 1605 cm-1; HRMS C27H24N3O [M + H+] としての計算値406.1919, 実測値406.1915.
本実施例は、本発明の実施態様の一つである化合物、trans-4-(7-ベンジル-4-イミノ-5,6-ジフェニル‐4,7-ジヒドロ-3H-ピロロ[2,3-d]ピリミジン-3-イル)シクロヘキサノール2の合成手順を示す。
前記フォルムイミデートB(40 mg, 0.099 mmol)とtrans-4-アミノシクロヘキサノール塩酸塩 (23 mg, 0.15 mmol, 1.5 equiv)をMeOH (1.5 mL)に溶解した溶液を、反応バイアル中で、60oC で、17時間加熱し、その後室温まで冷却した。溶媒を蒸発させ、残渣をマス指向分取逆相HPLCにかけて、所望のピロロピリミジン生成物2を黄褐色固体(16 mg, 0.034 mmol, 収率34%)として得た。
Rf = 0.39 (1% Et3N含有アセトンとCH2Cl2 の1:1混合物); mp = 171-185 ℃; 1H NMR δ 1.66 (m, 4 H), 2.13 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 4 H), 3.70 (m, 1 H), 5.14 (m, 1 H), 5.28 (s, 2 H), 6.45 (br s, 1 H),6.95 (m, 2 H), 7.04 (d, J= 6.8 Hz, 2 H), 7.18-7.26 (complex, 11 H), 7.80 (s, 1 H); 13C NMR δ d (CH, CH3) 52.0, 69.7, 126.7 (× 2), 126.9, 127.3, 128.0, 128.1 (× 2), 128.3 (× 2), 128.4 (× 2), 130.5 (× 2), 131.0 (× 2), 142.3; u (C, CH2) 30.6, 34.7, 46.0, 102.9, 118.1, 130.4, 133.2, 133.6, 137.7, 142.5, 155.1; IR 1625, 1604 cm-1; HRMS C31H31N4O [M + H+]としての計算値475.2498, 実測値475.2492.
本実施例は、2-アミノ-1-フェネチル-4,5-ジフェニル-1H-ピロール-3-カルボニトリルC(本発明の実施態様の一つである化合物の合成用中間体)の合成手順を示す。
ベンゾイン(4.35g, 20.5 mmol), フェネチルアミン(3.73 g, 30.7 mmol)及び塩化亜鉛(0.10 g, 0.73 mmol, 0.07 equiv.)を、還流下、3時間加熱し、得られた混合物を油浴から離した。まだ温かい混合物に、マロノニトリル(2.71 g, 41.0 mmol, 2.0 equiv.)をDMF (3 mL)に加えた液を添加した。この反応混合物を放置して室温まで冷却し、16時間撹拌した。このようにして、粗製の該ピロール化合物を暗褐色固体として得た。この固体を、水とCH2Cl2で分配し、水相をさらに追加のCH2Cl2(2× 50 mL)で抽出した。有機相を合わせ、Na2SO4で乾燥し、溶媒を真空で除去して、ピロール生成物C (3.50 g, 9.63 mmol,収率 47%)を、淡褐色固体として得た。
Rf = 0.13 (ヘキサン中の20% EtOAc液); mp = 144-149℃; IR 3330, 2199, 1634, 1601, 1502 cm-1; HRMS C25H23N3 [M + H+]としての計算値364.1814, 実測値364.1827.
本実施例は、PNC検出のためのハイコンテント分析を例示する。
本分析の定量的アウトプットは、PNCの蔓延割合の低減である。PNCは、生体細胞中で、PNCが局在化したタンパク質PTBに標識として付された緑色蛍光発光性タンパク質(GFP)の発現によって、検出することができる。PNCをマークするGFP-PTBを安定的に発現するPC3Mセルラインを使用した。この方法では、免疫蛍光染色の必要がなくなる。以前の研究から、融合タンパク質は、内因性の対応物と似た挙動を示すことが分かっており、融合タンパク質の一時的で安定な過剰発現は、細胞形態や細胞成長に検出できるほどの悪い影響を及ぼさなかった。処理後、細胞を固定して、ヘキスト(Hoechst)33342染料を用いて、核を対比染色した。その後細胞は分析に供された。
本実施例は、アデノシン三リン酸(ATP)定量分析を示す。
本追跡分析は、ATPレベルを測定する(ATPLiteTM)ことにより、化合物の細胞健康度へ及ぼす影響を測定するために行った。ATPLiteTMは、ホタル(Photinus pyralis)のルシフェラーゼに基づくATPのモニタリングシステムである。代謝的に活性な細胞のATPレベルは、細胞の生存力の一般的マーカーである。ATPレベルは、しぱしば壊死や細胞死の間、低下する。本分析において、ルシフェラーゼ酵素は、添加した基質D-ルシフェリンがオキシルシフェリンに変換し、ATPの介在で発光するのを触媒する。このようにして、放たれる光は、ATP濃度に比例する。この分析のために、PTB-GFPを安定的に発現させる高い転移性を示すPC3Mレポーターセルラインは、ノースウエスタン大学のスイファン(Sui Huang)教授から提供を受けた。培地と細胞培養試薬類はインビトロジェン(Invitrogen) (Carlsbad, CA)より購入し、ATPLiteTMは、パーキンエルマー(PerkinElmer)から得た。本分析は表2に記載のひと続きのものを用いて行った。
本実施例は、腫瘍細胞移動分析を示す。
3次元細胞外マトリックスにおけるハイコンテント腫瘍細胞移動分析は、転移プロセスにおける重要なステップの生物学をモデル化し、理解するうえで有力なツールである。しかしながら、ほとんどの利用可能な方法は、対比的薬理学研究や小規模スクリーニングに必要なスループットにはそのままでは適応できない。このような理由から、化合物は、ベルブルック研究所(BellBrook LabsTM)自動ハイコンテント腫瘍細胞浸潤分析で試験された。マイクロチャンネルを中に組み込んだアレイを有する標準的なスクリーニングサイズのプレートを設計し、普通の熱可塑性プラスチックから構築した。
本実施例は、本発明の実施態様の一つがPC3M細胞のコロニー形成に及ぼす効果を示す。
in vitroでの細胞の悪性転換を検出する厳密な方法である軟寒天分析におけるアンカレージ非依存性生育への影響力を確認するために、化合物2を試験した。化合物2は、極めて低い濃度で(3.8, 18.6 nM)、細胞生存力には影響を及ぼすことなく、14日後のコロニー数を用量依存的に低減する効果を示した。従って、本化合物は、PC3M細胞において、強力なアンカレッジ非依存的生育阻害力を発揮する。図1の左側は、異なる2種の濃度の化合物2で処理した14日後のPC3M軟寒天コロニーの数と大きさを表す柱状グラフを示す。PC3M細胞のコロニー数が明確に減少していること、とりわけ18.6 nMの濃度の化合物で減少していることが観察された。図1の右側は、DMSO(ビヒクル)(最上列)、3.8 nMの濃度での化合物2(中間列)及び18.6 nMの濃度での化合物2(最下列)でそれぞれ処理した後の軟寒天培地の2つの異なる領域で採取した2つの代表的な画像を示す。
本実施例は、本発明の実施態様の生物学的活性を示す。実施例5に記載のPNC検出のためのハイコンテント分析を用いて、 PNC AC50 の結果を得た。実施例6に記載のATP定量分析を用いて、ATP AC50 の結果を得た。結果を表4に示す。
Claims (8)
- 式(I)
(式中、R1は、以下:
からなる群から選択され、
R2は、ハロ、アルキル、ヒドロキシアルキル、チオアルキル、アルコキシ、アルキルチオアルキル、アルコキシカルボニル、アルキルチオカルボニル、アミノ、アルキルアミノ、ジアルキルアミノ及びアルキルカルボニルから選択される1以上の置換基で置換されていてもよいフェニルであり、
R3は、ハロ、アルキル、ヒドロキシアルキル、チオアルキル、アルコキシ、アルキルチオアルキル、アルコキシカルボニル、アルキルチオカルボニル、アミノ、アルキルアミノ、ジアルキルアミノ及びアルキルカルボニルから選択される1以上の置換基で置換されていてもよいフェニルであり、
R4は、シクロヘキシルメチル、シクロプロピルメチル、ベンジルおよびフェニルエチルからなる群から選択され、この基中のフェニル環は、アルキル、ヒドロキシアルキル、チオアルキル、アルコキシ、アルキルチオアルキル、アルコキシカルボニル、アルキルチオカルボニル、アミノ、アルキルアミノ、ジアルキルアミノ、ヒドロキシル、パーフルオロアルコキシ及びアルキルカルボニルから選択される1以上の置換基で置換されていてもよい。)
の化合物又はその医薬的に許容可能な塩。 - R1が、以下:
からなる群から選択される請求項1の化合物又はその医薬的に許容可能な塩。 - 式(I)
(式中、R2が、フェニルであり、R3が、フェニルであり、R4が、ベンジルであり、R1が、以下:
からなる群から選択される。)の化合物又はその医薬的に許容可能な塩。 - 式(I)
(式中、R4が、4-メトキシベンジルであり、R2が、フェニルであり、R3が、フェニルであり、R1が、以下:
からなる群から選択される。)の化合物又はその医薬的に許容可能な塩。 - 式(I)
(式中、R4が、フェニルエチルであり、R2が、フェニルであり、R3が、フェニルであり、R1が、以下:
からなる群から選択される。)の化合物又はその医薬的に許容可能な塩。 - R4が、4-メトキシベンジル及びシクロプロピルメチルから選択され、R1が、以下:
から選択される請求項1の化合物又はその医薬的に許容可能な塩。 - 式(I)
(式中、R2が、フェニルであり、R3が、フェニルであり、R4が、
であり、R1が、以下:
からなる群から選択される。)の化合物又はその医薬的に許容可能な塩。 - 請求項1−7のいずれか1項の化合物若しくはその医薬的に許容可能な塩及び医薬的に許容可能な担体を含有する医薬組成物。
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US9877966B1 (en) * | 2015-08-10 | 2018-01-30 | Eugene J. Oliva | Combination therapy for the inhibition of metastasis and tumorigenesis |
US11241436B2 (en) * | 2017-01-25 | 2022-02-08 | Northwestern University | Autophagy inducers for treatment of CNS conditions |
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