JP6444088B2 - トナー - Google Patents
トナー Download PDFInfo
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- JP6444088B2 JP6444088B2 JP2014157082A JP2014157082A JP6444088B2 JP 6444088 B2 JP6444088 B2 JP 6444088B2 JP 2014157082 A JP2014157082 A JP 2014157082A JP 2014157082 A JP2014157082 A JP 2014157082A JP 6444088 B2 JP6444088 B2 JP 6444088B2
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- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- fine particles
- toner
- organic
- resin
- inorganic composite
- Prior art date
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- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 claims description 215
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 90
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 90
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 87
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 74
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 44
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- VEALVRVVWBQVSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium titanate Chemical compound [Sr+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O VEALVRVVWBQVSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 43
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 26
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 22
- -1 silicon halogen compound Chemical class 0.000 description 22
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 18
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 17
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- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 13
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 13
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 12
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 10
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 7
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229920006038 crystalline resin Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 238000000113 differential scanning calorimetry Methods 0.000 description 6
- 235000013980 iron oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000003961 organosilicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
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- PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+/-)-1,3-Butanediol Chemical compound CC(O)CCO PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 5
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- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 5
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- TVIDDXQYHWJXFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O TVIDDXQYHWJXFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910021485 fumed silica Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
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- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000008065 acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000005907 alkyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004203 carnauba wax Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000013869 carnauba wax Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 3
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011246 composite particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- DSEKYWAQQVUQTP-XEWMWGOFSA-N (2r,4r,4as,6as,6as,6br,8ar,12ar,14as,14bs)-2-hydroxy-4,4a,6a,6b,8a,11,11,14a-octamethyl-2,4,5,6,6a,7,8,9,10,12,12a,13,14,14b-tetradecahydro-1h-picen-3-one Chemical compound C([C@H]1[C@]2(C)CC[C@@]34C)C(C)(C)CC[C@]1(C)CC[C@]2(C)[C@H]4CC[C@@]1(C)[C@H]3C[C@@H](O)C(=O)[C@@H]1C DSEKYWAQQVUQTP-XEWMWGOFSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PGMMMHFNKZSYEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,20-Eicosanediol Chemical compound OCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO PGMMMHFNKZSYEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UEEJHVSXFDXPFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-dimethylaminoethanol Chemical compound CN(C)CCO UEEJHVSXFDXPFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Succinic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylacetone Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(C)=O YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- PYKYMHQGRFAEBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthraquinone Natural products CCC(=O)c1c(O)c2C(=O)C3C(C=CC=C3O)C(=O)c2cc1CC(=O)OC PYKYMHQGRFAEBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000000751 azo group Chemical group [*]N=N[*] 0.000 description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000981 basic dye Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013871 bee wax Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000012166 beeswax Substances 0.000 description 2
- WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCCCCO WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N butanedioic acid Chemical compound O[14C](=O)CC[14C](O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004204 candelilla wax Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 229940073532 candelilla wax Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- IJOOHPMOJXWVHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorotrimethylsilane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)Cl IJOOHPMOJXWVHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 2
- NOPFSRXAKWQILS-UHFFFAOYSA-N docosan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO NOPFSRXAKWQILS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GHLKSLMMWAKNBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecane-1,12-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCCCCCCCO GHLKSLMMWAKNBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- IUJAMGNYPWYUPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N hentriacontane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC IUJAMGNYPWYUPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QQHJDPROMQRDLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QQHJDPROMQRDLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FFUAGWLWBBFQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethyldisilazane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)N[Si](C)(C)C FFUAGWLWBBFQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium stearate Chemical compound [Mg+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
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- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
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- BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCC(O)=O BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium(IV) isopropoxide Chemical compound CC(C)O[Ti](OC(C)C)(OC(C)C)OC(C)C VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCEPYODGJFPWOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridecane-1,13-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCCCCCCCCO HCEPYODGJFPWOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
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- YQJPWWLJDNCSCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-diphenyltetramethyldisiloxane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 YQJPWWLJDNCSCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ALVZNPYWJMLXKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,9-Nonanediol Chemical compound OCCCCCCCCCO ALVZNPYWJMLXKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylsulfonylpiperidin-4-one Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)N1CCC(=O)CC1 RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYGFTTWEWBXNMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 10-amino-10-oxodecanoic acid Chemical compound NC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O FYGFTTWEWBXNMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WCOXQTXVACYMLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-bis(12-hydroxyoctadecanoyloxy)propyl 12-hydroxyoctadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCC(O)CCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC(O)CCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC(O)CCCCCC WCOXQTXVACYMLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FFQALBCXGPYQGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-difluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC(C(F)(F)F)=C(F)C=C1F FFQALBCXGPYQGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JMXKSZRRTHPKDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium ethoxide Chemical compound [Ti+4].CC[O-].CC[O-].CC[O-].CC[O-] JMXKSZRRTHPKDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)(Cl)Cl XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- QWWZNXBOJLOHGI-HNQUOIGGSA-N trans-3-Octenedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC\C=C\CC(O)=O QWWZNXBOJLOHGI-HNQUOIGGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YHGNXQAFNHCBTK-OWOJBTEDSA-N trans-3-hexenedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C\C=C\CC(O)=O YHGNXQAFNHCBTK-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- CAPIMQICDAJXSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloro(1-chloroethyl)silane Chemical compound CC(Cl)[Si](Cl)(Cl)Cl CAPIMQICDAJXSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FLPXNJHYVOVLSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloro(2-chloroethyl)silane Chemical compound ClCC[Si](Cl)(Cl)Cl FLPXNJHYVOVLSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DXNCZXXFRKPEPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridecanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O DXNCZXXFRKPEPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XYJRNCYWTVGEEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy(2-methylpropyl)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CC(C)C XYJRNCYWTVGEEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NMEPHPOFYLLFTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy(octyl)silane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC[Si](OC)(OC)OC NMEPHPOFYLLFTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KHOQXNHADJBILQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(sulfanyl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)S KHOQXNHADJBILQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005051 trimethylchlorosilane Substances 0.000 description 1
- PQDJYEQOELDLCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylsilane Chemical compound C[SiH](C)C PQDJYEQOELDLCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005292 vacuum distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001060 yellow colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc stearate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KRJOFJHOZZPBKI-KSWODRSDSA-N α-defensin-1 Chemical compound C([C@H]1C(=O)N[C@H]2CSSC[C@H]3C(=O)N[C@H](C(N[C@@H](C)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=4C=CC(O)=CC=4)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CSSC[C@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CC=4C=CC(O)=CC=4)NC(=O)[C@H](CSSC[C@H](NC2=O)C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](C)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N2[C@@H](CCC2)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N3)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3NC=2)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N1)[C@@H](C)CC)[C@@H](C)O)=O)[C@@H](C)CC)C1=CC=CC=C1 KRJOFJHOZZPBKI-KSWODRSDSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/0825—Developers with toner particles characterised by their structure; characterised by non-homogenuous distribution of components
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/0821—Developers with toner particles characterised by physical parameters
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
- G03G9/08742—Binders for toner particles comprising macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- G03G9/08755—Polyesters
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
- G03G9/08784—Macromolecular material not specially provided for in a single one of groups G03G9/08702 - G03G9/08775
- G03G9/08795—Macromolecular material not specially provided for in a single one of groups G03G9/08702 - G03G9/08775 characterised by their chemical properties, e.g. acidity, molecular weight, sensitivity to reactants
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
- G03G9/08784—Macromolecular material not specially provided for in a single one of groups G03G9/08702 - G03G9/08775
- G03G9/08797—Macromolecular material not specially provided for in a single one of groups G03G9/08702 - G03G9/08775 characterised by their physical properties, e.g. viscosity, solubility, melting temperature, softening temperature, glass transition temperature
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/097—Plasticisers; Charge controlling agents
- G03G9/09708—Inorganic compounds
- G03G9/09716—Inorganic compounds treated with organic compounds
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
Description
更に、この有機無機複合微粒子によれば、樹脂微粒子と他のトナーとの直接的な接触機会が減少しやすくなるため、高温下での保存安定性をより改善することができる。
2−ブテン−1,4−ジオール、3−ヘキセン−1,6−ジオール、4−オクテン−1,8−ジオール等。
SiCl4+2H2+O2→SiO2+4HCl
この製造工程において、塩化アルミニウム又は塩化チタン等の他の金属ハロゲン化合物をケイ素ハロゲン化合物と共に用いることによってシリカと他の金属酸化物の複合微粉体を得ることも可能であり、シリカとしてはそれらも包含する。
・低分子量ポリエチレン、低分子量ポリプロピレン、ポリオレフィン共重合物、ポリオレフィンワックス、マイクロクリスタリンワックス、パラフィンワックス、フィッシャートロプシュワックスの如き脂肪族炭化水素系ワックス;
・酸化ポリエチレンワックスの如き脂肪族炭化水素系ワックスの酸化物;
・脂肪族炭化水素系ワックスのブロック共重合物、それらの酸化物;
・キャンデリラワックス、カルナバワックス、木ろう、ホホバろうの如き植物系ワックス;
・みつろう、ラノリン、鯨ろうの如き動物系ワックス;
・オゾケライト、セレシン、ペトロラクタムの如き鉱物系ワックス;
・モンタン酸エステルワックス、カスターワックスの如き脂肪族エステルを主成分とするワックス類;
・脱酸カルナバワックスの如き脂肪族エステルを一部又は全部を脱酸化したもの等。
粉砕法では、まず、トナー粒子を構成する結着樹脂、着色剤、ワックス、電荷制御剤等を、ヘンシェルミキサー、ボールミル等の混合機により充分に混合する。次いで、得られた混合物を二軸混練押出機、加熱ロール、ニーダー、エクストルーダー等の熱混練機を用いて溶融混練し、冷却固化後、粉砕及び分級を行う。これによって、本発明に係るトナー粒子を得られる。
トナーの重量平均粒径(D4)は、以下のようにして算出する。測定装置としては、100μmのアパーチャーチューブを備えた細孔電気抵抗法による精密粒度分布測定装置「コールター・カウンター Multisizer 3」(登録商標、ベックマン・コールター社製)を用いる。測定条件の設定及び測定データの解析は、付属の専用ソフト「ベックマン・コールター Multisizer 3 Version3.51」(ベックマン・コールター社製)を用いる。尚、測定は実効測定チャンネル数2万5千チャンネルで行う。
(3)発振周波数50kHzの発振器2個を位相を180度ずらした状態で内蔵し、電気的出力120Wの超音波分散器「Ultrasonic Dispension System Tetora150」(商品名;日科機バイオス社製)を準備する。超音波分散器の水槽内に約3.3Lのイオン交換水を入れ、この水槽中にコンタミノンNを約2mL添加する。
トナーの凝集度は、以下のようにして測定した。
凝集度(%)
={(目開き150μmの篩上の試料質量(g))/5(g)}×100
+{(目開き75μmの篩上の試料質量(g))/5(g)}×100×0.6
+{(目開き38μmの篩上の試料質量(g))/5(g)}×100×0.2
有機無機複合微粒子の個数平均粒径の測定は、走査型電子顕微鏡「S−4800」(商品名;日立製作所製)を用いて行う。有機無機複合微粒子が外添されたトナーを観察して、最大20万倍に拡大した視野において、ランダムに100個の有機無機複合微粒子の一次粒子の長径を測定して個数平均粒径を求める。観察倍率は、有機無機複合微粒子の大きさによって適宜調整する。
有機無機複合微粒子の樹脂の融点、ガラス転移温度Tgは、示差走査熱量分析装置「Q1000」(商品名;TA Instruments社製)を用いてASTM D3418−82に準じて測定する。装置検出部の温度補正はインジウムと亜鉛の融点を用い、熱量の補正についてはインジウムの融解熱を用いる。
樹脂微粒子の融点は、有機無機複合微粒子の樹脂の融点の測定方法と同様の方法で求めた。
撹拌機、コンデンサー、温度計、窒素導入管を備えた反応容器に、結晶性樹脂1を10gとトルエン40gを仕込み、60℃に加熱して溶解した。
有機無機複合微粒子1の製造例において、用いる樹脂を結晶性樹脂2とし、ジメチルアミノエタノールを0.56gとした。それら以外は、有機無機複合微粒子1の製造例と同様にして、有機無機複合微粒子2の分散液を得た。分散液の固形分濃度は30%に調整した。有機無機複合微粒子2の分散液を乾燥させてDSCを測定したところ、116℃に吸熱ピークを有していた。
撹拌機、コンデンサー、温度計、窒素導入管を備えた反応容器に、860gの水、無機微粒子として、196gのオルガノシリカゾル(商品名:オルガノシリカゾルMEK‐ST‐40、日産化学工業社製:平均粒子径15nm、固体重量比40%)を投入した。続いて20gのアクリル酸ブチル、78gのスチレンを添加して、撹拌しつつ60℃まで加熱昇温し、乳化粒子溶液を作製した。続いて乳化粒子溶液中に重合開始剤として2,2’−アゾビス(2,4−ジメチルバレロニトリル)50質量%トルエン溶液5gを添加し、60℃で4時間保持し重合反応させた。その後、ろ過、乾燥して有機無機複合微粒子3を得た。有機無機複合微粒子3のDSCを測定したところ、吸熱ピークは見られず、88℃にTgを有していた。
有機無機複合微粒子1の製造例において、オルガノシリカゾルを使わなかった以外は、有機無機複合微粒子1の製造例と同様にして、樹脂微粒子1の分散液を得た。分散液の固形分濃度は30%に調整した。樹脂微粒子1の分散液を乾燥させてDSCを測定したところ、86℃に吸熱ピークを有していた。
・非晶性ポリエステル樹脂(Tg:59℃、軟化点Tm:112℃):100部
・磁性酸化鉄粒子:75部
・フィッシャートロプッシュワックス(サゾール社製C105、融点:105℃):2部
・荷電制御剤(保土谷化学社製、T−77):2部
上記材料をヘンシェルミキサーで前混合した後、2軸押出機(商品名:PCM−30、池貝鉄工所社製)を用いて、吐出口における溶融物温度が150℃になるように、温度を設定し、溶融混練した。
トナー粒子1への有機無機複合微粒子の外添は湿式で行った。水2000質量部に「コンタミノンN」(商品名、和光純薬工業社製)を添加し、100質量部のトナー粒子を分散させた。トナー粒子分散液を撹拌しながら3質量部の有機無機複合微粒子1の分散液(固形分濃度は30%)を添加した。続いて温度を50℃に保持し、2時間撹拌を続け、トナー粒子1の表面へ有機無機複合微粒子1を外添した。ろ過、乾燥をすることで、トナー粒子1の表面に有機無機複合微粒子1が外添されたトナーを得ることができた。さらにこのトナーに対して、ヒュームドシリカ(BET比表面積:200m2/g)を100質量部のトナー粒子1に対して1.5質量部となる量で、ヘンシェルミキサーを用い外添混合し、目開き150μmのメッシュで篩い、トナー1を得た。SEMでトナー1の表面上の有機無機複合微粒子1を観察したところ、個数平均粒径は135nmであった。
有機無機複合微粒子1の代わりに有機無機複合微粒子2を用いた以外は、トナー1の製造例と同様にして、トナー2を得た。SEMでトナー2表面上の有機無機複合微粒子2を観察したところ、個数平均粒径は122nmであった。
有機無機複合微粒子1の代わりに有機無機複合微粒子3を用いた以外は、トナー1の製造例と同様にして、比較トナー1を得た。SEMで比較トナー1表面上の有機無機複合微粒子3を観察したところ、個数平均粒子径は129nmであった。
有機無機複合微粒子1の代わりに樹脂微粒子1を用いた以外は、トナー1の製造例と同様にして、比較トナー2を得た。SEMで比較トナー2表面上の樹脂微粒子1を観察したところ、個数平均粒径は140nmであった。
100質量部のトナー粒子1に対して、コロイダルシリカ(粒径:120nm)0.9質量部とヒュームドシリカ(BET:200m2/g)1.5質量部を、ヘンシェルミキサーを用い外添混合し、目開き150μmのメッシュで篩い、比較トナー3を得た。SEMで比較トナー3表面上のコロイダルシリカを観察したところ、個数平均粒径は120nmであった。
本実施例において評価に用いるマシンは、市販の磁性一成分方式のプリンターHP LaserJet Enterprise600 M603dn(ヒューレットパッカード社製:プロセススピード350mm/s)を用いた。この評価機において、トナー1を用いて下記の評価を実施した。評価結果を表3に示す。
トナーを所定のプロセスカートリッジに充填した。印字率2%となる横線パターンを2枚/1ジョブとして、ジョブとジョブの間にマシンがいったん停止してから次のジョブが始まるように設定したモードで、計5000枚の画出し試験を実施し、10枚目と5000枚目での画像濃度を測定した。評価は常温常湿下(温度25.0℃、相対湿度60%)と、現像剤担持体の汚染に厳しい高温高湿下(温度32.5℃、相対湿度85%)で行った。画像濃度は、反射濃度計であるマクベス濃度計(マクベス社製)でSPIフィルターを使用して、5mm丸のベタ画像の反射濃度を測定することにより測定した。数値が大きい方が良いことを示す。
高温高湿下(温度32.5℃、相対湿度85%)での現像性の評価において、計5000枚の画出し試験を実施した後の現像剤担持体を取り外し、エアブローで付着しているトナーを清掃して、汚染の有無を目視で確認した。
定着装置の定着温度を任意に設定できるように改造した。
10gのトナーを100mLのポリカップに入れ、50℃で3日間放置した後の凝集度を測定することで、トナーの保存安定性を評価した。数値が小さい方が流動性に優れることを示す。
トナー2、比較トナー1乃至3を用いて実施例1と同様の評価を実施した。評価結果を表3に示す。
Claims (6)
- トナー粒子、及び、該トナー粒子の表面に存在する有機無機複合微粒子を有するトナーであって、
該有機無機複合微粒子は、樹脂微粒子と、該樹脂微粒子に埋め込まれた無機微粒子とを有するものであり、
該有機無機複合微粒子中の該無機微粒子の含有量は、有機無機複合微粒子の質量を基準として、10質量%以上80質量%以下であり、
該樹脂微粒子を構成する樹脂は、融点が60℃以上150℃以下であることを特徴とするトナー。 - 前記無機微粒子が、シリカ微粒子、アルミナ微粒子、チタニア微粒子、酸化亜鉛微粒子、チタン酸ストロンチウム微粒子、酸化セリウム微粒子及び炭酸カルシウム微粒子からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の微粒子である請求項1に記載のトナー。
- 前記無機微粒子が、シリカ微粒子である請求項1に記載のトナー。
- 前記有機無機複合微粒子の個数平均粒径が、30nm以上500nm以下である請求項1乃至3のいずれか一項に記載のトナー。
- 前記無機微粒子の個数平均粒径が5nm以上100nm以下である請求項1乃至4のいずれか一項に記載のトナー。
- 前記樹脂微粒子を構成する樹脂が結晶性ポリエステルである請求項1乃至5のいずれか一項に記載のトナー。
Priority Applications (1)
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US10101683B2 (en) * | 2015-01-08 | 2018-10-16 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Toner and external additive for toner |
CN106997161B (zh) | 2016-01-26 | 2020-12-29 | 佳能株式会社 | 调色剂和调色剂用外部添加剂 |
US10241430B2 (en) | 2017-05-10 | 2019-03-26 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Toner, and external additive for toner |
JP7066439B2 (ja) * | 2018-02-14 | 2022-05-13 | キヤノン株式会社 | トナー用外添剤、トナー用外添剤の製造方法及びトナー |
US10768540B2 (en) * | 2018-02-14 | 2020-09-08 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | External additive, method for manufacturing external additive, and toner |
JP7091083B2 (ja) * | 2018-02-14 | 2022-06-27 | キヤノン株式会社 | トナー用外添剤、トナー用外添剤の製造方法及びトナー |
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JP7330725B2 (ja) | 2019-03-19 | 2023-08-22 | キヤノン株式会社 | トナー用外添剤及びトナー |
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JP2002131976A (ja) * | 2000-10-30 | 2002-05-09 | Konica Corp | 現像方法、現像装置、画像形成方法、画像形成装置 |
JP2004013940A (ja) | 2002-06-03 | 2004-01-15 | Ricoh Co Ltd | 情報再生装置 |
JP4136668B2 (ja) | 2003-01-06 | 2008-08-20 | 株式会社リコー | 画像形成用トナー、トナー容器および画像形成方法 |
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JP2011017913A (ja) * | 2009-07-09 | 2011-01-27 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | 静電荷像現像用トナー、静電荷像現像剤、トナーカートリッジ、プロセスカートリッジ、画像形成方法及び画像形成装置 |
JP2011090168A (ja) | 2009-10-23 | 2011-05-06 | Kyocera Mita Corp | 静電荷像現像用トナー、静電荷像現像用現像剤、及び画像形成装置 |
JP2012168222A (ja) | 2011-02-10 | 2012-09-06 | Konica Minolta Business Technologies Inc | 静電荷像現像用トナー |
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JP5811711B2 (ja) | 2011-09-07 | 2015-11-11 | 株式会社リコー | 機器連携システム、機能提供方法 |
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JP2013092748A (ja) * | 2011-10-26 | 2013-05-16 | Cabot Corp | 複合体粒子を含むトナー添加剤 |
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WO2015016336A1 (en) | 2015-02-05 |
US20160179024A1 (en) | 2016-06-23 |
JP2015045859A (ja) | 2015-03-12 |
CN105452964A (zh) | 2016-03-30 |
US10162280B2 (en) | 2018-12-25 |
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