JP6416193B2 - カルボニル化法を用いて合成ガスを分離する方法 - Google Patents
カルボニル化法を用いて合成ガスを分離する方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6416193B2 JP6416193B2 JP2016502676A JP2016502676A JP6416193B2 JP 6416193 B2 JP6416193 B2 JP 6416193B2 JP 2016502676 A JP2016502676 A JP 2016502676A JP 2016502676 A JP2016502676 A JP 2016502676A JP 6416193 B2 JP6416193 B2 JP 6416193B2
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- hydrogen
- carbon monoxide
- acetic acid
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 94
- 238000005810 carbonylation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 77
- 230000006315 carbonylation Effects 0.000 title claims description 64
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title claims description 60
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 55
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- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 166
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 162
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 159
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Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C51/00—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
- C07C51/10—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by reaction with carbon monoxide
- C07C51/12—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by reaction with carbon monoxide on an oxygen-containing group in organic compounds, e.g. alcohols
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C29/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C29/132—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group
- C07C29/136—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group of >C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH
- C07C29/147—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group of >C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH of carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof
- C07C29/149—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group of >C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH of carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
Description
[0001]本発明は、共に2013年3月15日に出願された米国出願第61/787,913号および第61/787,940号に対する優先権を主張し、その全内容および開示を参照により本明細書に取り込む。
[0023]一般に、本発明は、一酸化炭素が消費されて酢酸が製造され、水素が回収されるところの、カルボニル化反応器を用いる合成ガスまたはシンガスの分離に関する。回収した水素をさらに精製して酸化炭素の濃度を減少させることができる。大量の水素を含む合成ガスまたはシンガスの供給が、カルボニル化法における問題、例えば酢酸製造効率の低下または重大な増大した不純物の問題を引き起こさないことは驚くべきであり意外なことである。
[0028]本発明の目的のために、合成ガス106はシンガス反応器104を出る排出物を指し、ここでその排出物は水素、一酸化炭素および二酸化炭素を含有する。従って、製品を既知の分離技法、例えば深冷分離を用いて分離して別個の水素および一酸化炭素流を製造しなければならないという必要性はない。変わりに、本発明は好都合には水素および一酸化炭素の分離をカルボニル化反応器108に移している。これはカルボニル化反応の前の合成ガス106の追加の処理に関する必要性を減少させる。また、カルボニル化法は高い一酸化炭素変換、例えば90%より大きい、好ましくは95%より大きい、より好ましくは97%より大きい変換を有するため、得られる反応器ベントガスは水素に富んでいる。
[0034]合成ガス106および高度に精製されたシンガス107は、石炭、天然ガス、石油、およびバイオマスが含まれる様々な炭素源102から製造することができる。適切なバイオマス源には、農業植物廃棄物、産業プロセスからの植物廃棄物、消費者の廃棄物および特に燃料生産のために栽培されたエネルギー作物が含まれるが、それらに限定されない。バイオマスの例には、農業廃棄物、林産物、草、および他のセルロース性材料、木材の回収の残留物、軟木材チップ、硬木材チップ、軟木材チップおよび硬木材チップの混合物、木の枝、木の切り株、葉、樹皮、おがくず、規格外の製紙パルプ、トウモロコシ、トウモロコシの茎、麦わら、稲わら、サトウキビバガス、スイッチグラス、ススキ、動物性肥料、都市ゴミ、都市下水、商業廃棄物、ブドウ絞りかす(pumice)、ブドウ種子、アーモンドの殻、ペカンの殻、ココナツの殻、コーヒー粉、草のペレット、干し草のペレット、木材のペレット、ダンボール、紙、プラスチック、布、森林残留物、製紙工場廃棄物(スラッジおよびプラスチックが含まれる)、ヤナギ、アルファルファ、ペレット化された廃棄物固形燃料、バガス、カリフォルニアハイウェイの刈り取った草(California highway clippings)、ならびにそれらの混合物が含まれるが、それらに限定されない。
[0044]一酸化炭素、水素および二酸化炭素を含有する合成ガス106をカルボニル化ユニット108に供給し、メタノール反応物118、例えばメタノールまたはその反応性誘導体と反応させて酢酸を製造する。一部の態様において、意義深いことには、その二酸化炭素をシンガスをカルボニル化反応器に供給する前にシンガスから分離することができ、次いでWGSRにより追加の一酸化炭素を形成させるために二酸化炭素をシンガス反応器に再循環させることができる。図2において示したように、一酸化炭素および水素を含有するシンガス107をカルボニル化ユニット108に供給し、メタノール反応物118、例えばメタノールまたはその反応性誘導体と反応させて酢酸を製造する。
[0061]反応器ベントガス110は、望ましくは、水素を回収するために、および他の非凝縮性ガス、例えば窒素、二酸化炭素をパージして所与の反応器の全圧における設定された一酸化炭素分圧を維持するために、カルボニル化反応器108からベントされる。反応器中のガスの一部はまた、溶解した、および巻き込まれた(entrained)ガスとして反応器の新しい媒体から二次気水分離器へと向けられる。このガスの一部を反応器のベント非凝縮性ガスと組み合わせることができ、または精製区画112のカルボニル化ユニットの低圧スクラバーベントを経てベントと組み合わせることができる。反応器のベントガスは少なくとも一種類の非凝縮性ガス、例えば水素、二酸化炭素、一酸化炭素、窒素、およびそれらの混合物を含んでいてよい。反応器ベントガス110は、合成ガス106またはシンガス107と比較して水素に富んでいてよい。合成ガスからの一酸化炭素のほとんどはカルボニル化反応で消費される。一態様において、反応器ベントガスは5モル%〜95モル%、例えば10モル%〜90モル%または35モル%〜85モル%の水素を含んでいてよい。また、ベントガスは4モル%〜70モル%、例えば5モル%〜70モル%、10モル%〜35モル%、または15モル%〜25モル%の二酸化炭素を含んでいてよい。一部の態様において、反応器ベントガス110は反応器ベント135を経て取り出すことができる。
[0067]液体生成物を、カルボニル化反応器108から、その中で一定レベルを維持するために十分な速度で取り出し、二次気水分離器に導入する。二次気水分離器において、触媒含有溶液(触媒相)をベース流(base stream)(主に酢酸であり、ロジウムおよびヨウ化物塩をより少ない量の酢酸メチル、ヨウ化メチル、および水と共に含有する)として取り出し、一方で酢酸を含む蒸気流111(粗生成物とも呼ばれる)をオーーバーヘッドで取り出す。蒸気流111は酢酸、ヨウ化メチル、メタノール、酢酸メチル、水、およびそれらの混合物を含み得る。酢酸メチルの量は様々であってよく、一部の態様において、粗生成物は25重量%未満の酢酸メチルを有し得る。他の態様において、酢酸メチルの量は25重量%より多くてよい。加えて、蒸気流は、アセトアルデヒド、アセトン、メチルエチルケトン、ブチルアルデヒド、クロトンアルデヒド、2−エチルクロトンアルデヒド、2−エチルブチルアルデヒド等、およびそれらのアルドール縮合生成物からなる群から選択される一種類以上の過マンガン酸塩還元化合物(PRC)を含んでいてよい。理論により束縛されるわけではないが、PRCの濃度は合成ガス中の過剰な水素により増大し得る。PRCに加えて、より重い酸、例えばプロピオン酸も形成され得る。プロピオン酸は、0.5重量%より大きい望ましくないレベルで存在する場合、酢酸から分離することができる。一部の態様において、気流は0.1重量%〜5重量%、例えば0.1重量%〜3重量%、または0.2重量%〜0.8重量%のエタノールおよび/またはプロピオン酸の混合物を含み得る。
[0074]図2において示したように、ベントガスから回収された水素およびカルボニル化分離ユニット112から生成された酢酸を水素化ユニット140に同時供給してエタノールを製造することができる。ユニット112における精製に応じて、精製された酢酸流を水素化ユニット140に供給することができ、または酢酸および不純物、例えば酢酸メチル、アルデヒド、アセトアルデヒド、プロピオン酸、およびそれらの混合物を含む流れを水素化ユニットに供給することができる。酢酸の一部を水素化ユニット140と合体することができ、酢酸の別の一部を追加の生成物として分離することができる。本発明の目的のために、典型的な水素化法は酢酸に関して記載されているであろうが、それは無水酢酸にも適用可能である。
容易に明らかになるであろう。前記の論考、当該技術における関連する知識ならびに上記
で背景技術および発明を実施するための形態と関連して論じた参考文献を考慮して、その
開示を参照により全て本明細書に援用する。加えて、本発明の観点ならびに下記で、およ
び/または添付された特許請求の範囲において列挙する様々な態様および様々な特徴の一
部を全部または部分的にのどちらかで組み合わせる、または交換することができることは
理解されるべきである。当業者には理解されるであろうように、前記の様々な態様の記載
において、別の態様に言及するそれらの態様を他の態様と適切に組み合わせることができ
る。さらに、当業者は、前記の記載は例としてのみであり、本発明を限定することは意図
していないことを理解するであろう。
以下に、出願時の特許請求の範囲の記載を示す。
[請求項1]
酢酸を製造するための方法であって:
一酸化炭素、水素、および二酸化炭素を含む合成ガス、ならびにメタノール、酢酸メチル、ギ酸メチル、ジメチルエーテルおよびそれらの混合物からなる群から選択される少なくとも一種類の反応物を、酢酸を製造するために有効なカルボニル化条件下で、触媒、酢
酸メチル、促進剤、および触媒安定化剤を含む反応媒体を含む反応器に導入し;
該反応器からベントガスを取り出し、この際、該反応器中の一酸化炭素分圧はベントガ
ス中の一酸化炭素含有量を40モル%未満に維持するために15気圧未満であり;
該反応器から反応溶液を取り出し;そして
該反応溶液から酢酸を回収する
ことを含む方法。
[請求項2]
請求項1に記載の方法であって、該合成ガスが0.2:1〜6:1の水素:一酸化炭素モ
ル比を有する方法。
[請求項3]
請求項1に記載の方法であって、該合成ガスが9モル%〜80モル%の水素、3モル%〜
90モル%の一酸化炭素、および0.5モル%〜25モル%の二酸化炭素を含む方法。
[請求項4]
請求項3に記載の方法であって、該合成ガスが1:0.5〜1:80の二酸化炭素:一酸
化炭素モル比を有する方法。
[請求項5]
請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の方法であって、該反応器中の一酸化炭素分圧が0.
3気圧〜15気圧である方法。
[請求項6]
請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の方法であって、該反応器中の水素分圧が3気圧〜4
0気圧である方法。
[請求項7]
請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の方法であって、該反応器中の一酸化炭素分圧が反応
器中の水素分圧より低い方法。
[請求項8]
請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の方法であって、該ベントガスが5モル%〜95モル
%の水素、4モル%〜70モル%の二酸化炭素、および0.2モル%〜40モル%の一酸
化炭素を含む方法。
[請求項9]
反応溶液が0.1重量%〜5重量%のエタノールおよびプロピオン酸の混合物を含む、請
求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
[請求項10]
請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載の方法であって、該合成ガスを該カルボニル化反応器
中に供給する前に、該合成ガスから二酸化炭素を除去することをさらに含む方法。
[請求項11]
請求項1〜10のいずれか1項に記載の方法であって:
該ベントガスから水素富化流を回収し;そして
該水素富化流および該回収酢酸を、第2の触媒の存在下で水素化反応器に供給してエタ
ノールを製造する
ことをさらに含む方法。
[請求項12]
請求項11に記載の方法であって、該ベントガスを処理して一酸化炭素含有量を減少させ
ることをさらに含む方法。
[請求項13]
請求項11または12のいずれか1項に記載の方法であって、該水素富化流が0.1モル
%未満の一酸化炭素および5モル%未満の二酸化炭素をさらに含む方法。
[請求項14]
請求項11〜13のいずれか1項に記載の方法であって、該第1の触媒が該第2の触媒と
異なっており、該第1の触媒がイリジウム、ロジウム、またはそれらの混合物を含む方法
。
[請求項15]
請求項11〜14のいずれか1項に記載の方法であって、該粗生成物が25モル%未満の
酢酸メチルを含む方法。
102 炭素源
104 シンガス反応器
105 酸ガス除去装置
106 合成ガス
107 シンガス
108 カルボニル化反応器
109 二酸化炭素流
110 反応器ベントガス
111 蒸気流
112 蒸留および精製ユニット
114 ライン
116 ライン
118 メタノール反応物
120 酸ガス除去装置
122 流れ
124 ベントガス
126 水素除去装置
128 水素富化流
130 一酸化炭素流
132 ベントガス流
133 ライン
134 精製ベント
135 反応器ベント
140 水素化ユニット
142 粗製のエタノール生成物
144 蒸留および精製
146 エタノール
148 再循環可能なガス
150 ライン
152 ライン
Claims (10)
- 酢酸を製造するための方法であって:
一酸化炭素、水素、および二酸化炭素を含む合成ガス、ならびにメタノール、酢酸メチ
ル、ギ酸メチル、ジメチルエーテルおよびそれらの混合物からなる群から選択される少な
くとも一種類の反応物を、酢酸を製造するために有効なカルボニル化条件下で、触媒、酢
酸メチル、促進剤、および触媒安定化剤を含む反応媒体を含む反応器に導入し、該反応器
中の水素分圧が3気圧〜40気圧であり;
該反応器からベントガスを取り出し、この際、該反応器中の一酸化炭素分圧は15気圧
未満であり、該ベントガスが5モル%〜95モル%の水素、4モル%〜70モル%の二酸化炭素、および0.2モル%〜40モル%の一酸化炭素を含み;
該反応器から反応溶液を取り出し;そして
該反応溶液から酢酸を回収する
ことを含む方法。 - 請求項1に記載の方法であって、該合成ガスが0.2:1〜6:1の水素:一酸化炭素モ
ル比を有する方法。 - 請求項1に記載の方法であって、該合成ガスが9モル%〜80モル%の水素、3モル%〜
90モル%の一酸化炭素、および0.5モル%〜25モル%の二酸化炭素を含む方法。 - 請求項3に記載の方法であって、該合成ガスが1:0.5〜1:80の二酸化炭素:一酸
化炭素モル比を有する方法。 - 請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の方法であって、該反応器中の一酸化炭素分圧が反応
器中の水素分圧より低い方法。 - 反応溶液が0.1重量%〜5重量%のエタノールおよびプロピオン酸の混合物を含む、請
求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の方法。 - 請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の方法であって、該合成ガスを該カルボニル化反応器
中に供給する前に、該合成ガスから二酸化炭素を除去することをさらに含む方法。 - 請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の方法であって:
該ベントガスから水素富化流を回収することをさらに含む方法。 - 請求項8に記載の方法であって、該ベントガスを処理して一酸化炭素含有量を減少させることをさらに含む方法。
- 請求項8又は9のいずれか1項に記載の方法であって、該水素富化流が0.1モル%未満の一酸化炭素および5モル%未満の二酸化炭素をさらに含む方法。
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