JP6416192B2 - フッ素化方法及び反応器 - Google Patents
フッ素化方法及び反応器 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6416192B2 JP6416192B2 JP2016501877A JP2016501877A JP6416192B2 JP 6416192 B2 JP6416192 B2 JP 6416192B2 JP 2016501877 A JP2016501877 A JP 2016501877A JP 2016501877 A JP2016501877 A JP 2016501877A JP 6416192 B2 JP6416192 B2 JP 6416192B2
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- 238000003682 fluorination reaction Methods 0.000 title description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 33
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 100
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 77
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 31
- UMGQVBVEWTXECF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,3-tetrachloroprop-1-ene Chemical compound ClCC(Cl)=C(Cl)Cl UMGQVBVEWTXECF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 20
- FXRLMCRCYDHQFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene Chemical compound FC(=C)C(F)(F)F FXRLMCRCYDHQFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 19
- OQISUJXQFPPARX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(Cl)=C OQISUJXQFPPARX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- -1 without limitation Chemical class 0.000 description 14
- PQUUGVDRLWLNGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,3,3-tetrachloroprop-1-ene Chemical compound ClC(=C)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl PQUUGVDRLWLNGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000006200 vaporizer Substances 0.000 description 10
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910000040 hydrogen fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloromethane Chemical compound ClC NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- ZXPCCXXSNUIVNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,3-pentachloropropane Chemical compound ClCC(Cl)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl ZXPCCXXSNUIVNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910016569 AlF 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- AIYUHDOJVYHVIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M caesium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cs+] AIYUHDOJVYHVIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 150000008280 chlorinated hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 5
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000007857 degradation product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000012025 fluorinating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000011027 product recovery Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- BUQMVYQMVLAYRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,3-tetrachloropropane Chemical compound ClCC(Cl)C(Cl)Cl BUQMVYQMVLAYRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OHMHBGPWCHTMQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(Cl)Cl OHMHBGPWCHTMQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000792 Monel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007033 dehydrochlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichromium trioxide Chemical compound O=[Cr]O[Cr]=O QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000539 dimer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000026030 halogenation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005658 halogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000856 hastalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001026 inconel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001119 inconels 625 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 2
- GVVUPGXFVJLPDE-OWOJBTEDSA-N (e)-1,3,3,3-tetrachloroprop-1-ene Chemical compound Cl\C=C\C(Cl)(Cl)Cl GVVUPGXFVJLPDE-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FTCVHAQNWWBTIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,2-pentachloropropane Chemical compound CC(Cl)(Cl)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl FTCVHAQNWWBTIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FDOPVENYMZRARC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoropropane Chemical group CC(F)(F)C(F)(F)F FDOPVENYMZRARC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SMCNZLDHTZESTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropane Chemical group CC(F)(Cl)C(F)(F)F SMCNZLDHTZESTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FDMFUZHCIRHGRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C=C FDMFUZHCIRHGRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004604 Blowing Agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910004261 CaF 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002841 Lewis acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000934 Monel 400 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018287 SbF 5 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VMPVEPPRYRXYNP-UHFFFAOYSA-I antimony(5+);pentachloride Chemical compound Cl[Sb](Cl)(Cl)(Cl)Cl VMPVEPPRYRXYNP-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 description 1
- KYKAJFCTULSVSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloro(fluoro)methane Chemical compound F[C]Cl KYKAJFCTULSVSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UOUJSJZBMCDAEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Cr+3].[Cr+3] UOUJSJZBMCDAEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OANFWJQPUHQWDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper iron manganese nickel Chemical compound [Mn].[Fe].[Ni].[Cu] OANFWJQPUHQWDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002274 desiccant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004811 fluoropolymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010574 gas phase reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008246 gaseous mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001055 inconels 600 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013980 iron oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Fe+2] VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000053 low toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- SNMVRZFUUCLYTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-propyl chloride Chemical compound CCCCl SNMVRZFUUCLYTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 150000004812 organic fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011949 solid catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/24—Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/02—Apparatus characterised by being constructed of material selected for its chemically-resistant properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/26—Nozzle-type reactors, i.e. the distribution of the initial reactants within the reactor is effected by their introduction or injection through nozzles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J4/00—Feed or outlet devices; Feed or outlet control devices
- B01J4/001—Feed or outlet devices as such, e.g. feeding tubes
- B01J4/002—Nozzle-type elements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
- B01J8/0242—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid flow within the bed being predominantly vertical
- B01J8/025—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid flow within the bed being predominantly vertical in a cylindrical shaped bed
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
- B01J8/0278—Feeding reactive fluids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C17/00—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons
- C07C17/093—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens
- C07C17/20—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens of halogen atoms by other halogen atoms
- C07C17/202—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens of halogen atoms by other halogen atoms two or more compounds being involved in the reaction
- C07C17/206—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens of halogen atoms by other halogen atoms two or more compounds being involved in the reaction the other compound being HX
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C17/00—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons
- C07C17/25—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by splitting-off hydrogen halides from halogenated hydrocarbons
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C21/00—Acyclic unsaturated compounds containing halogen atoms
- C07C21/02—Acyclic unsaturated compounds containing halogen atoms containing carbon-to-carbon double bonds
- C07C21/18—Acyclic unsaturated compounds containing halogen atoms containing carbon-to-carbon double bonds containing fluorine
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
- B01J2208/00796—Details of the reactor or of the particulate material
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- B01J2208/00902—Nozzle-type feeding elements
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- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
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Description
ここで、TCP(1230xaとしても知られる)は、1,1,2,3−テトラクロロプロペン又はCCl2=CClCH2Clであり;1233xfは、2−クロロ−3,3,3−トリフルオロプロペン又はCH2=CClCF3である。工程(1)は、好ましくは、当該技術において公知の固体触媒、好ましくはフッ素化触媒、例えば酸化クロム(Cr2O3)などを充填した蒸気相反応器内で行う。
ここで、244bbは、2−クロロ−1,1,1,2−テトラフルオロプロパン又はCH3CClFCF3である。工程(2)は、好ましくは、液体触媒を充填した液相反応器内で行う。下記のように、工程2の副生成物も形成される可能性がある:1233xf+2HF→245cb+HCl(ここで、245cbは、1,1,1,2,2−ペンタフルオロプロパン又はCH3CF2CF3である)。
ここで、1234yfは、2,3,3,3−テトラフルオロプロペン又はCH2=CFCF3である。工程(3)は、好ましくは、脱塩化水素化触媒を用いて蒸気相反応器内で行う。
[0018]幾つかの好ましい態様においては、本転化工程は、少なくとも約40%、より好ましくは少なくとも約55%、更により好ましくは少なくとも約70%のテトラクロロプロペン転化率を与えるのに有効な条件下で行う。幾つかの好ましい態様においては、転化率は少なくとも約90%、より好ましくは約100%である。
CX2=CCl−CH2X (式I);
CX3−CCl=CH2 (式II);
CX3−CHCl−CH2X (式III);
(式中、Xは、独立して、F、Cl、Br、及びIから選択され、但しXの少なくとも1つはFではない)
にしたがう1種類以上の塩素化化合物である。好ましくはこれらの化合物は少なくとも1つの塩素を含み、より好ましくはXの大部分は塩素であり、更により好ましくは全てのXは塩素である。好ましくは、本方法は、一般に少なくとも3つの反応工程を含む。
[0029]第1工程においては、本発明をここに記載したように用いて、式(I)、(II)、又は(III)を有する1種類以上の化合物、好ましくは1,1,2,3−テトラクロロプロペン及び/又は2,3,3,3−テトラクロロプロペン(TCP)及び/又は1,1,1,2,3−ペンタクロロプロパン(240db)及び/又は2,3,3,3−テトラクロロプロペンを含む出発組成物を接触フッ素化し、第1の蒸気相反応器(フッ素化反応器)内で無水HFと反応させて、2−クロロ−3,3,3−トリフルオロプロペン(1233xf)及びHClの混合物を生成させる。
[0030]第2工程においては、工程1において製造される1233xfを、好ましくは液相反応器内、限定なしに当該技術において公知のフッ素化触媒、好ましくは液相フッ素化触媒の存在下において、HFを用いて244bbへ約95%より多く転化させる。この点に関して使用可能なかかるフッ素化触媒の非排他的なリストには、ルイス酸、遷移金属ハロゲン化物、遷移金属酸化物、第IVb族金属ハロゲン化物、第Vb族金属ハロゲン化物、又はこれらの組み合わせが含まれる。液相フッ素化触媒の非排他的な例としては、ハロゲン化アンチモン、ハロゲン化スズ、ハロゲン化タンタル、ハロゲン化チタン、ハロゲン化ニオブ、及びハロゲン化モリブデン、ハロゲン化鉄、フッ素化ハロゲン化クロム、又はこれらの組み合わせが挙げられる。液相フッ素化触媒の非排他的な具体例は、SbCl5、SbCl3、SbF5、SnCl4、TaCl5、TiCl4、NbCl5、MoCl6、FeCl3、SbCl5のフッ素化種、SbCl3のフッ素化種、SnCl4のフッ素化種、TaCl5のフッ素化種、TiCl4のフッ素化種、NbCl5のフッ素化種、MoCl6のフッ素化種、FeCl3のフッ素化種、又はこれらの組み合わせである。五塩化アンチモン:SbCl5が好ましく、SbCl5のフッ素化種がより好ましい。
[0031]第3工程においては、工程2から得られる244bbを第2の蒸気相反応器(脱塩化水素化反応器)に供給して脱塩化水素化して、所望の生成物の2,3,3,3−テトラフルオロプロペン(1233yf)を生成させる。この反応器は、244bbを接触脱塩化水素化して1234yfを生成させることができる触媒を含む。
[0035]本実施例は、2−クロロ−3,3,3−トリフルオロプロペン(1233xf)への1,1,2,3−テトラクロロプロペン(1230xa)の連続蒸気相フッ素化反応を示す。この実験のためのフッ素化触媒はフッ素化Cr2O3であった。
[0038]本実施例は、加熱及び気化によって1230xaがオリゴマーを形成することを示す。
[0040]ハステロイC276で形成された微細ノズルチップを反応器の頂部に取り付け、1230xa供給ポンプからの1230xa供給ラインを、気化器/過熱器の代わりにそれに直接接続した新しい反応器デザインを試験した。反応器の反対側において、頂部から約2インチに2つの別々の口を設けた。HF過熱器の出口からのHF供給ラインを分割して、側部の口の両方に配管して、過熱した気体HFガス供給流を反応器により良好に分配した。反応器は内径2インチ×長さ36インチのモネルパイプ反応器であり、これに約1.3リットルの予備処理したフッ素化Cr2O3触媒を充填した。これにより、触媒床の頂部からノズルまで約8インチの長さが残され、これは完全に空のパイプであった。この連続蒸気相フッ素化反応システムも、N2及びHF供給システム、HF供給流気化器、HF過熱器、酸スクラバー、生成物乾燥機、及び生成物回収システムから構成されていた。
[1]
反応チャンバー;
反応チャンバー上に配置されており、反応チャンバーと流体連絡している混合領域を含む加熱チャンバー;
混合領域と流体連絡している少なくとも第1及び第2の供給ライン;並びに
少なくとも第1の供給ラインの上に配置されており、混合領域中への出口を有する霧化ノズル;
を含む反応器装置。
[2]
加熱チャンバーが加熱手段を含む、[1]に記載の装置。
[3]
少なくとも第2の供給ラインと連絡している過熱手段を更に含む、[1]に記載の装置。
[4]
反応チャンバー内の触媒床を更に含む、[1]に記載の装置。
[5]
ノズル出口が触媒床に隣接して配置されている、[5]に記載の装置。
[6]
混合領域が反応チャンバーと接触している、[1]に記載の装置。
[7]
反応チャンバーと流体連絡している少なくとも1つの排出口を更に含む、[1]に記載の装置。
[8]
(a)反応チャンバー内の触媒床、並びに、反応チャンバー上に配置されており、反応チャンバーと流体連絡している混合領域を含む加熱チャンバーを有する反応器装置を与え;
(b)過熱したHF、並びに、クロロカーボン、混合クロロカーボン、及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される霧化した供給材料を、供給材料及びHFを含む気化した組成物を形成するのに有効な条件下で混合領域に供給し;そして
(c)気化した組成物を、テトラハロプロペンを形成するのに有効な条件下で触媒床と接触させ、接触は気化した組成物の形成と実質的に同時に行う;
ことを含むテトラハロプロペンの製造方法。
[9]
供給材料を、触媒床に隣接して配置されているノズルに通すことによって霧化する、[8]に記載の方法。
[10]
HF及び供給材料の組成物が、約1秒以下の加熱チャンバー内での滞留時間を有する、[8]に記載の方法。
[11]
テトラハロプロペンが2−クロロ−3,3,3−トリフルオロプロペン(1233xf)である、[8]に記載の方法。
[12]
供給材料が、1,1,2,3−テトラクロロプロペン(1230xa)、1,1,1,2,3−テトラクロロプロパン(HCC−240db)、2,3,3,3−テトラクロロプロペン(1230xf)、及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される、[8]に記載の方法。
[13]
(a)過熱したHF、並びに、1,1,2,3−テトラクロロプロペン(1230xa)、2,3,3,3−テトラクロロプロペン(1230xf)、1,1,1,2,3−テトラクロロプロパン(HCC−240db)、及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される霧化した供給材料を、供給材料及びHFを含む気化した組成物を形成するのに有効な条件下で混合し;そして
(b)気化した組成物を、1233xfを形成する条件下で触媒と接触させ、接触は気化した組成物の形成と実質的に同時に行う;
ことを含む2−クロロ−3,3,3−トリフルオロプロペン(1233xf)の製造方法。
[14]
供給材料を触媒に隣接して霧化させる、[11]に記載の方法。
[15]
(a)式I、II、及びII:
CX2=CCl−CH2X (式I);
CX3−CCl=CH2 (式II);
CX3−CHCl−CH2X (式III);
(式中、Xは、独立して、F、Cl、Br、及びIから選択され、但しXの少なくとも1つはFではない)
から選択される構造を有する少なくとも1種類の化合物を含む出発組成物を霧化し;
(b)霧化した組成物を過熱したHFと接触させて、1233xfを形成するのに有効な条件下で気化した出発組成物を形成する;
ことを含む2−クロロ−3,3,3−トリフルオロプロペン(1233xf)の製造方法。
[16]
有効な条件が蒸気相フッ素化触媒との接触を含む、[15]に記載の方法。
[17]
蒸気相フッ素化触媒が、Cr2O3、FeCl3/C、Cr2O3/Al2O3、Cr2O3/AlF3、Cr2O3/炭素、CoCl2/Cr2O3/Al2O3、NiCl2/Cr2O3/Al2O3、CoCl2/AlF3、NiCl2/AlF3、及びこれらの混合物からなる群から選択される、[16]に記載の方法。
[18]
工程(b)の接触を、気化した出発組成物の形成と実質的に同時に行う、[15]に記載の方法。
[19]
(a)[15]にしたがって製造される2−クロロ−3,3,3−トリフルオロプロペン(1233xf)を含む第1の中間体組成物を与え;
(b)1233xfを含む第1の中間体組成物を、フッ素化触媒の存在下、244bbを含む第2の中間体組成物を生成させるのに有効な条件下でHFと接触させ;そして
(c)244bbの少なくとも一部を脱塩化水素化して、1234yfを含む反応生成物を生成させる;
ことを含む2,3,3,3−テトラフルオロプロペン(1234yf)の製造方法。
Claims (4)
- 反応チャンバー;
反応チャンバー内の触媒床、ここで、触媒床は反応区域の始まりを定める境界を有する;
反応チャンバー上に配置されており、反応チャンバーと流体連絡している混合領域を含む加熱チャンバー;
混合領域と流体連絡している少なくとも第1及び第2の供給ライン;
第2の供給ラインと連絡している出口を有する予備加熱用の過熱手段、ここで、第2の供給ラインは混合領域へと供給するノズルを有する;並びに
前記第1の供給ラインの上に配置されており、混合領域中への出口を有する霧化ノズル、ここで、前記第1の供給ラインの上の霧化ノズルの出口が触媒床の境界に隣接して配置されている;
を含む反応器装置。 - 加熱チャンバーが加熱手段を含む、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 混合領域が反応チャンバーと接触している、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 反応チャンバーと流体連絡している少なくとも1つの排出口を更に含む、請求項1に記載の装置。
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