JP6395541B2 - 液晶パネルおよびそれを備える液晶表示装置、ならびに液晶パネルの製造方法 - Google Patents
液晶パネルおよびそれを備える液晶表示装置、ならびに液晶パネルの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP6395541B2 JP6395541B2 JP2014195953A JP2014195953A JP6395541B2 JP 6395541 B2 JP6395541 B2 JP 6395541B2 JP 2014195953 A JP2014195953 A JP 2014195953A JP 2014195953 A JP2014195953 A JP 2014195953A JP 6395541 B2 JP6395541 B2 JP 6395541B2
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- liquid crystal
- substrate
- crystal panel
- array substrate
- polarizing plate
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1343—Electrodes
- G02F1/134309—Electrodes characterised by their geometrical arrangement
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
- G02F1/139—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent
- G02F1/1393—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent the birefringence of the liquid crystal being electrically controlled, e.g. ECB-, DAP-, HAN-, PI-LC cells
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133528—Polarisers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
- G02F1/133634—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation the refractive index Nz perpendicular to the element surface being different from in-plane refractive indices Nx and Ny, e.g. biaxial or with normal optical axis
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133528—Polarisers
- G02F1/133531—Polarisers characterised by the arrangement of polariser or analyser axes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
- G02F1/133707—Structures for producing distorted electric fields, e.g. bumps, protrusions, recesses, slits in pixel electrodes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
- G02F1/133749—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers for low pretilt angles, i.e. lower than 15 degrees
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
- G02F1/133773—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers the alignment material or treatment being different for the two opposite substrates
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1343—Electrodes
- G02F1/134309—Electrodes characterised by their geometrical arrangement
- G02F1/134372—Electrodes characterised by their geometrical arrangement for fringe field switching [FFS] where the common electrode is not patterned
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Geometry (AREA)
- Liquid Crystal (AREA)
- Polarising Elements (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
Priority Applications (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2014195953A JP6395541B2 (ja) | 2014-09-26 | 2014-09-26 | 液晶パネルおよびそれを備える液晶表示装置、ならびに液晶パネルの製造方法 |
| US14/850,482 US9804469B2 (en) | 2014-09-26 | 2015-09-10 | Liquid crystal panel, liquid crystal display device including liquid crystal panel, and method of manufacturing liquid crystal panel |
| DE102015217711.4A DE102015217711B4 (de) | 2014-09-26 | 2015-09-16 | Flüssigkristallpanel, Flüssigkristallanzeigegerät mit Flüssigkristallpanel, und Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Flüssigkristallpanels |
| CN201510623465.7A CN105467695B (zh) | 2014-09-26 | 2015-09-25 | 液晶面板、具备它的液晶显示装置、液晶面板的制造方法 |
| US15/702,269 US10429709B2 (en) | 2014-09-26 | 2017-09-12 | Liquid crystal panel, liquid crystal display device including liquid crystal panel, and method of manufacturing liquid crystal panel |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2014195953A JP6395541B2 (ja) | 2014-09-26 | 2014-09-26 | 液晶パネルおよびそれを備える液晶表示装置、ならびに液晶パネルの製造方法 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2016066022A JP2016066022A (ja) | 2016-04-28 |
| JP2016066022A5 JP2016066022A5 (enExample) | 2017-10-05 |
| JP6395541B2 true JP6395541B2 (ja) | 2018-09-26 |
Family
ID=55486052
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2014195953A Active JP6395541B2 (ja) | 2014-09-26 | 2014-09-26 | 液晶パネルおよびそれを備える液晶表示装置、ならびに液晶パネルの製造方法 |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US9804469B2 (enExample) |
| JP (1) | JP6395541B2 (enExample) |
| CN (1) | CN105467695B (enExample) |
| DE (1) | DE102015217711B4 (enExample) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106526931A (zh) * | 2016-11-04 | 2017-03-22 | 武汉华星光电技术有限公司 | 阵列基板、液晶显示面板及液晶显示面板的制备方法 |
| JP2021036252A (ja) * | 2017-12-21 | 2021-03-04 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 液晶パネルおよびそれを備える液晶表示装置 |
| WO2019123644A1 (ja) * | 2017-12-22 | 2019-06-27 | 堺ディスプレイプロダクト株式会社 | 表示装置および表示装置の製造方法 |
Family Cites Families (20)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH04338732A (ja) | 1991-05-16 | 1992-11-26 | Seiko Epson Corp | 液晶表示素子 |
| JPH07270777A (ja) * | 1994-03-28 | 1995-10-20 | Casio Comput Co Ltd | アクティブマトリックス型カラー液晶表示装置 |
| JPH1152358A (ja) * | 1997-08-08 | 1999-02-26 | Casio Comput Co Ltd | 液晶表示素子 |
| JP2003087688A (ja) | 2001-09-10 | 2003-03-20 | Sony Corp | 車載用表示装置およびカーナビゲーションシステム |
| EP1650728A3 (en) | 2001-09-10 | 2012-04-18 | Sony Corporation | Car-mounted display device and car navigation system |
| JP2003107452A (ja) * | 2001-09-17 | 2003-04-09 | Internatl Business Mach Corp <Ibm> | 液晶表示パネルの製造方法、液晶表示装置の製造方法、および、液晶表示装置の製造装置 |
| US7289179B2 (en) | 2002-11-08 | 2007-10-30 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Liquid crystal display |
| KR20040040817A (ko) * | 2002-11-08 | 2004-05-13 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 액정 표시 장치 |
| KR100577799B1 (ko) | 2004-02-16 | 2006-05-11 | 비오이 하이디스 테크놀로지 주식회사 | 프린지 필드 구동 모드 액정표시장치에서의 편광축 및 러빙축을 배열하는 방법 |
| JP5203557B2 (ja) | 2005-08-05 | 2013-06-05 | 株式会社ジャパンディスプレイセントラル | 液晶表示装置 |
| TWI421597B (zh) * | 2005-08-22 | 2014-01-01 | Fujifilm Corp | 光學膜、光學補償膜、與使用它之偏光板及液晶顯示器 |
| JP2007264626A (ja) * | 2006-03-03 | 2007-10-11 | Fujifilm Corp | 偏光板、及びそれを用いた液晶表示装置 |
| JP2008083546A (ja) * | 2006-09-28 | 2008-04-10 | Stanley Electric Co Ltd | 液晶表示装置 |
| JP2010113109A (ja) * | 2008-11-06 | 2010-05-20 | Seiko Epson Corp | 電気光学装置の製造方法 |
| TWI396021B (zh) * | 2008-12-31 | 2013-05-11 | Innolux Corp | 影像顯示系統 |
| JP2012032539A (ja) * | 2010-07-29 | 2012-02-16 | Toshiba Mobile Display Co Ltd | 液晶表示装置 |
| WO2013073572A1 (ja) * | 2011-11-15 | 2013-05-23 | Dic株式会社 | 強誘電性液晶組成物及び強誘電性液晶表示素子 |
| JP5785867B2 (ja) * | 2011-12-19 | 2015-09-30 | 株式会社ジャパンディスプレイ | 液晶表示装置及びその製造方法 |
| JP6116220B2 (ja) * | 2012-12-12 | 2017-04-19 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 液晶表示パネル |
| JP2013164626A (ja) * | 2013-05-16 | 2013-08-22 | Japan Display West Co Ltd | 液晶装置及び電子機器 |
-
2014
- 2014-09-26 JP JP2014195953A patent/JP6395541B2/ja active Active
-
2015
- 2015-09-10 US US14/850,482 patent/US9804469B2/en active Active
- 2015-09-16 DE DE102015217711.4A patent/DE102015217711B4/de active Active
- 2015-09-25 CN CN201510623465.7A patent/CN105467695B/zh active Active
-
2017
- 2017-09-12 US US15/702,269 patent/US10429709B2/en active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US9804469B2 (en) | 2017-10-31 |
| JP2016066022A (ja) | 2016-04-28 |
| US10429709B2 (en) | 2019-10-01 |
| US20180004024A1 (en) | 2018-01-04 |
| DE102015217711B4 (de) | 2021-10-28 |
| CN105467695A (zh) | 2016-04-06 |
| CN105467695B (zh) | 2018-09-11 |
| DE102015217711A1 (de) | 2016-03-31 |
| US20160091762A1 (en) | 2016-03-31 |
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