JP6392315B2 - インビトロでのメモリーb細胞分化方法およびvsv−g偽型ウイルスベクターを用いる形質導入方法 - Google Patents
インビトロでのメモリーb細胞分化方法およびvsv−g偽型ウイルスベクターを用いる形質導入方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本出願は、2013年3月14日に出願した米国仮特許出願番号第61/785,490号への優先権を主張し、その出願は参照により完全に本明細書中に組み込まれる。
本開示は、メモリーB細胞をプラズマ芽球およびプラズマ細胞へとインビトロで分化させること並びにこれらの細胞を遺伝学的に改変して目的タンパク質(例、特異的抗体または他のタンパク質治療剤)を発現させることに関する。
骨髄を離れた後、B細胞は、抗原提示細胞(APC)として振る舞い、抗原を内部に取り込む。抗原は、受容体を媒介するエンドサイトーシスによりB細胞に取り込まれ、プロセスされる。抗原は、抗原性ペプチドにプロセスされ、MHCII分子にロードされ、そして、CD4+Tヘルパー細胞へとB細胞の細胞外表面上で提示される。このT細胞は、MHCII/抗原分子に結合し、B細胞の活性化を引き起こす。T細胞により刺激されると、活性化B細胞は、より特異的な細胞へと分化する。胚中心のB細胞は、メモリーB細胞またはプラズマ細胞へと分化する場合がある。これらB細胞のほとんどは、プラズマ芽球、最終的にはプラズマ細胞になり、多量の抗体を産生開始する(例えば、Trends Immunol.、2009年6月、30(6):277−285;Nature Reviews、2005年、5:231−242を参照されたい)。B細胞ではなくプラズマ細胞と考えられるほとんどの未成熟血液細胞は、プラズマ芽球である。プラズマ芽球は、B細胞よりも抗体を分泌するが、プラズマ細胞よりは少ない。プラズマ芽球は、迅速に分裂し、まだ抗原を内部に取り込むことができて、抗原をT細胞へと提示することができる。細胞はこの状態に数日間留まる場合があり、その後、死滅するか、または、成熟した完全に分化したプラズマ細胞へと不可逆的に分化する。
非分裂細胞を改変することは、遺伝子治療および免疫療法にとって、特に重要である。しかしながら、B細胞をインビトロで分化および活性化する能力は、被験体に注入するために改変B細胞を調製する重要な工程となる。活性化および分裂B細胞はまた、簡単には遺伝的に改変されない。従って、効率的にインビトロでB細胞を遺伝子改変する方法および試薬を改善することの必要性が、当該技術分野ではまだある。本開示は、B細胞が予防と治療用途に効果的に使用可能なように、B細胞を改変および分化/活性化するベクターと方法を提供する。本開示は、詳細な説明に記載される本利点および他の利点を提供する。
特定の態様では、例えば以下の項目が提供される:
(項目1)
B細胞に目的核酸を発現させる方法であって、
(a)IL−2、IL−10、IL−15、およびp−ODNからなる群より選択される一又は複数の因子を含むB細胞活性化因子をCD40Lと組み合わせて含む組成物とメモリーB細胞を接触させる工程と、
(b)IL−2、IL−10、IL−6、およびIL−15からなる群より選択される一又は複数の因子を含むB細胞活性化因子と工程(a)の前記B細胞を接触させる工程であって、
工程(b)の前記B細胞がCD38を発現するような条件下にある工程と、
(c)VSV−G偽型レトロウイルスベクターを用いて工程(b)の前記B細胞に形質導入する工程であって、前記レトロウイルスベクターがプロモーターに機能的に連結された前記目的核酸を含む工程と、
(d)IFN−α、IFN−δ、IL−6、およびIL−15からなる群より選択される一又は複数の因子を含むB細胞活性化因子と工程(c)の前記形質導入B細胞を接触させて、従って、前記B細胞に前記目的核酸を発現させる工程と、を含む方法。
(項目2)
前記CD40LがsCD40L−hisである、請求項1に記載の方法。
(項目3)
前記形質導入効率が約20%である、請求項1に記載の方法。
(項目4)
前記形質導入効率が20%より高い、請求項1に記載の方法。
(項目5)
前記レトロウイルスベクターがレンチウイルスベクターである、請求項1に記載の方法。
(項目6)
前記目的核酸が、少なくとも免疫グロブリンVLおよびVH領域をコードする核酸を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
(項目7)
前記目的核酸が、抗体タンパク質、その抗原結合断片、融合タンパク質、またはDNAによりコードされる小分子をコードする、請求項1に記載の方法。
(項目8)
前記抗体が、抗HIV抗体、抗RNA抗体、または免疫制御に関わるタンパク質に結合する抗体である、請求項7に記載の方法。
(項目9)
前記メモリーB細胞が末梢血から単離される、請求項1に記載の方法。
(項目10)
工程(b)の前記B細胞がCD20−、CD38+およびCD138−である、請求項1に記載の方法。
(項目11)
工程(c)の前記B細胞がCD20−、CD38+およびCD138+である、請求項1に記載の方法。
本開示の形質導入方法を用いる、使用のための細胞のプロトタイプの例は、B細胞である。ある実施形態では、本開示の方法に使用されるB細胞は、休止B細胞、メモリーB細胞、プライムされるか若しくは活性化されたB細胞、ミエローマ細胞、リンパ球性白血病B細胞、またはBリンパ腫細胞である場合がある。しかしながら、当業者は、本開示のベクターおよび方法が他の細胞型にも適用可能であることを容易に理解する。例示すると、培養、分化、改変、および活性化可能な細胞型には、任意の一般的に非分裂または静止状態の細胞(例、神経芽細胞、造血幹細胞および造血前駆細胞(CD34+細胞)、間葉系幹細胞、間葉系前駆細胞、神経と肝臓の前駆および幹細胞、樹状細胞、T細胞(CD8+もしくはCD4+T細胞)、他の白血球集団、多能性幹細胞(pluripotentstemcell)、多能性幹細胞(multi−potentstemcell)等)が含まれる。従って、本開示のある実施形態は、この本方法の結果生じる細胞集団を提供する。ある実施形態では、本明細書中に記載される方法およびベクターを使用して、任意の他の所望細胞型(例、肝細胞、表皮細胞、骨芽細胞、筋肉細胞、繊維芽細胞、脂肪細胞等)に形質導入する場合がある。
ある実施形態は、本明細書中に記載される発現システムを用いて、プラズマ細胞(例、B細胞)に形質導入するためのウイルスベクターを採用する。ウイルスベクターの例には、限定はされないが、アデノウイルス系ベクター、アデノ随伴ウイルス(AAV)系ベクター、レトロウイルスベクター、レトロウイルス・アデノウイルスベクター、および単純ヘルペスウイルス(HSV)(アンプリコンベクター、複製欠損型HSV、および弱毒化HSVを含むもの)由来ベクターが含まれる(例えば、Krisky、Gene Ther.、5:1517−30、1998年;Pfeifer、Annu.Rev.Genomics Hum.Genet.、2:177−211、2001年を参照されたい;各々は参照により完全に組込まれる)。
ただ例示するやり方としてではあるが、単一のベクターが、所望の特異性を有する免疫グロブリン分子の各鎖をコードする配列を含む場合、IRESまたは2Aエレメントが使用可能である。例えば、第一コード領域(重鎖または軽鎖のいずれかをコードするもの)を、プロモーターの下流直下に配置してもよく、第二コード領域(他の鎖をコードするもの)を、第一コード領域の下流に位置するものであって、第一コード領域と第二コード領域との間にIRESまたは2Aエレメントを(好ましくは、第二コード領域の直前に)配置するようにしてもよい。他の実施形態では、IRESまたは2Aエレメントを使用して、非関連遺伝子(例、レポーター遺伝子、選択マーカー、または免疫機能を向上させる遺伝子)を共発現する。使用可能なIRES配列の例には、限定はされないが、脳せき髄炎ウイルス(EMCV)のIRESエレメント、口蹄疫ウイルス(FMDV)のIRESエレメント、タイラーマウス脳脊髄炎ウイルス(TMEV)のIRESエレメント、ヒトライノウイルス(HRV)のIRESエレメント、コクサッキーウイルス(CSV)のIRESエレメント、ポリオウイルス(POLIO)のIRESエレメント、A型肝炎ウイルス(HAV)のIRESエレメント、C型肝炎ウイルス(HCV)のIRESエレメント、およびペスチウイルス類(例、ブタコレラウイルス(HOCV)およびウシウイルス性下痢症ウイルス(BVDV))のIRESエレメントが含まれる(例えば、Leら、Virus Genes、12:135−147、1996年;およびLeら、Nuc.Acids Res.、25:362−369、1997年を参照されたい;各々は参照により完全に組み込まれる)。2Aエレメントの一つの例には、口蹄疫ウイルス由来のF2A配列が含まれる。
本明細書中で使用される「目的遺伝子」、「遺伝子」、または「目的核酸」は、標的形質導入細胞中で発現される目的タンパク質をコードする目的核酸を指す。用語「遺伝子」を使用する場合があるが、この用語は、ゲノムDNAに見られる遺伝子であることを意味せず、用語「核酸」と相互に交換して使用される。一般的に、目的核酸は、目的タンパク質をコードする適した核酸を提供し、cDNAまたはDNAを含む場合があり、そして、イントロンを含んでもよいし、含まなくてもよいが、一般的には、イントロンを含まない。どこかで記載されるように、目的核酸は、発現制御配列に機能的に連結されて、効果的に、標的細胞で目的タンパク質を発現する。ある実施形態では、本明細書中に記載されるベクターは、二以上の目的遺伝子を含む場合があり、2個、3個、または4個の目的遺伝子(例、免疫グロブリンの重鎖および軽鎖)であって、本明細書中に記載される内部プロモーターを使用して編成される場合があるものを含んでもよい。
一つの実施形態では、本開示の細胞組成物は、インビトロで活性化/分化したB細胞であって、本明細書中に記載されるように目的タンパク質を発現するために形質導入されたものを含む。一つの実施形態では、組成物は、プラズマB細胞に分化し、一又は複数の目的タンパク質を形質導入されて発現するB細胞を含む。標的細胞集団(例、形質導入されて活性化した本開示のB細胞集団)を、単独で投与する場合があり、または、希釈剤と組み合わせるか若しくは他の成分(例、サイトカインまたは細胞集団)と組み合わせる医薬組成物として投与する場合がある。簡単に言うと、本開示の細胞組成物は、本明細書中に記載される目的タンパク質を形質導入されて発現している分化および活性化したB細胞集団を、一若しくは複数の医薬的または生理学的に許容可能な担体、希釈剤、または賦形剤と組み合わせて含む場合がある。そのような組成物は、緩衝液(例、中性緩衝生理食塩水、リン酸緩衝生理食塩水等);炭水化物(例、グルコース、マンノース、スクロース、デキストラン、マンニトール);タンパク質;ポリペプチドまたはアミノ酸(例、グリシン);酸化防止剤;キレート剤(例、EDTAまたはグルタチオン);アジュバント(例、水酸化アルミニウム);および防腐剤を含んでもよい。本開示の組成物は、好ましくは、静脈投与用に処方される。
インビトロでのメモリーB細胞分化およびVSV−G偽型レンチウイルスを用いた形質導入
この実施例は、プラズマ芽球およびプラズマ細胞のインビトロ分化とVSV−Gウイルスを用いた同芽球・細胞への形質導入を記載する。本方法が実証するのは、培養システムの第二相後に、当該技術分野で既知の方法を使用してはたった5%であるのに比較して、約20%の形質導入が観察されることである。
(形質導入に関して:回転させながらイノキュレーションする必要(spinnoculation)はない。単に、硫酸プロタミンと共にウイルス上清を加えて、一晩インキュベートする。そして、培地交換する。)
1.D1:精製メモリーB細胞を、1.5×105細胞/mlで、サイトカインの混合剤を添加した培地#1に再懸濁し、3日間インキュベートする。
2.D4:細胞を回収し、基本培地で洗浄し、8分間300gでスピンダウンし、細胞を、サイトカインの混合剤を添加した培地#2中に再懸濁した。
3.D6:細胞を回収および計数し、培地#2中に1.5×106細胞/mlで、細胞を再懸濁し、硫酸プロタミン(100×)10μl+濃縮GFPウイルス100μl(MOI約50)を加え、一晩インキュベートする。
4.D7:細胞を回収し、基本培地で洗浄し、8分間300gでスピンダウンし、サイトカインの混合剤を添加した培地#3中に再懸濁し、3日間インキュベートした。
5.D10:8分間300gでスピンダウンすることにより、細胞を回収し、4℃で15分間、固定バッファー中で細胞を固定する。細胞を二度洗浄し、そして細胞をフローバッファー中に保存する。細胞は、形質導入効率を測定するためのフローサイトメトリー解析に準備が整っている。
1.インスリン50mg(シグマ)を、0.005NのHCLに溶解し、濾過(0.22μm)し、1ml/チューブで分注し、−20℃で保存した。ストック濃度は、5mg/ml(1000×)である。
2.トランスフェリン100mg(シグマ)を、2mlのPBSに溶解し、濾過(0.22μm)し、0.5ml/チューブで分注し、−20℃で保存した。ストック濃度は、50mg/ml(1000×)である。
3.p−ODN47.95mg(IDTで合成)を、4.795mlの滅菌ddH2Oに溶解し、1ml/チューブで分注し、−20℃で保存した。ストック濃度は、10mg/ml(1000×)である。
4.sCD40L−his(20μg/40μl)(Prospec)を、滅菌した0.4mlのPBS/0.5%BSA中に希釈し、130μl/チューブで分注し、−20℃で保存した。ストック濃度は、50μg/ml(1000×)である。
5.IL−15の5μg(R&D)を、0.5mlの滅菌したPBS/0.5%BSAに溶解し、100μl/チューブで分注し、−20℃で保存した。ストック濃度は、10μg/ml(1000×)である。
6.IL−6の10μg(R&D)を、0.2mlの滅菌したPBS/0.5%BSAに溶解し、50μl/チューブで分注し、−20℃で保存した。ストック濃度は、50μg/ml(1000×)である。
7.IL−2(eBioscience)は、100μg/ml、つまり5.6×106U/mgであった。従って、ストックは5.7×105U/ml(2850×)である。
8.IL−10(eBioscience)は、100μg/ml(2000×)であった。
9.IFNは、100000Uに対して総量0.1mlである。ストック濃度は、1×106U/ml(2000×)である。
10.抗ポリhis抗体
Claims (11)
- B細胞に目的核酸を発現させる方法であって、
(a)IL−2、IL−10、IL−15、およびp−ODNからなる群より選択される一又は複数の因子を含むB細胞活性化因子をCD40Lと組み合わせて含む組成物とメモリーB細胞を接触させる工程と、
(b)IL−2、IL−10、IL−6、およびIL−15からなる群より選択される一又は複数の因子を含むB細胞活性化因子と工程(a)後の前記B細胞を接触させる工程であって、
工程(b)の前記B細胞がCD38を発現するような条件下にある工程と、
(c)VSV−G偽型レトロウイルスベクターを用いて工程(b)後の前記B細胞に形質導入する工程であって、前記レトロウイルスベクターがプロモーターに機能的に連結された前記目的核酸を含む工程と、
(d)IFN−α、IFN−δ、IL−6、およびIL−15からなる群より選択される一又は複数の因子を含むB細胞活性化因子と工程(c)後の前記形質導入B細胞を接触させて、従って、前記B細胞に前記目的核酸を発現させる工程と、を含む方法。 - 前記CD40LがsCD40L−hisである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記形質導入効率が約20%である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記形質導入効率が20%より高い、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記レトロウイルスベクターがレンチウイルスベクターである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記目的核酸が、少なくとも免疫グロブリンVLおよびVH領域をコードする核酸を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記目的核酸が、抗体タンパク質、その抗原結合断片、融合タンパク質、またはDNAによりコードされる小分子をコードする、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記抗体が、抗HIV抗体、抗RNA抗体、または免疫制御に関わるタンパク質に結合する抗体である、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記メモリーB細胞が末梢血に由来するものである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 工程(b)後の前記B細胞がCD20−、CD38+およびCD138−である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 工程(c)後の前記B細胞がCD20−、CD38+およびCD138+である、請求項1に記載の方法。
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DK2971039T3 (da) | 2020-04-06 |
US10240125B2 (en) | 2019-03-26 |
HK1220230A1 (zh) | 2017-04-28 |
US11352603B2 (en) | 2022-06-07 |
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