JP6363595B2 - 歯周炎および歯周炎に関連する疾患を処置または予防する方法 - Google Patents
歯周炎および歯周炎に関連する疾患を処置または予防する方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本出願は、米国出願第61/662,022号(2012年6月20日出願)および米国出願第13/801,096号(2013年3月13日出願)の優先権を主張する。
本発明は、国立衛生研究所の国立歯科・頭蓋顔面研究所(NIDCR)によって与えられた課題番号DE021685の下での政府支援により為された。政府は本発明に特定の権利を有する。
本発明は、一般的に、歯周病におよび歯周炎を処置または予防する方法に関する。
歯周炎は、歯を囲み、かつ支える組織(歯周組織)の破壊をもたらす一般的な慢性炎症疾患である。この口腔疾患は、歯肉縁下歯表面上に形成され、主にグラム陰性嫌気性種の群集を含む、細菌のバイオフィルムによって始まる。歯牙歯肉ニッチでの慢性微生物負荷に対する宿主炎症応答が、歯周組織に損傷を与えることに関与している。
本発明は、歯周炎または歯周炎に関連する疾患を予防または処置する方法を記載する。また、本発明は、歯周炎または歯周炎に関連する疾患を予防または処置するために使用できる化合物をスクリーニングする方法を記載する。
歯周炎は、歯周組織、すなわち歯を囲み、かつ支持する組織を冒す一連の炎症性疾患である。歯周炎は、歯の周囲の歯槽骨の進行性喪失を含み、処置しなければ、歯の弛緩とその後の喪失に至り得る。歯周炎は、歯の表面に付着して増殖する微生物に加えて、これらの微生物に対する過度に攻撃的な免疫応答が原因である。歯周炎は、大量のプラークを伴う、歯肉の痛み、赤味、腫脹として顕在化する。症状は、歯磨き中、デンタルフロス使用時、硬い食物(例えばリンゴ)を噛んだ時の歯肉の発赤や出血;歯肉の反復性腫脹;口臭および口内の持続的な金気;歯が伸びて見えるようになる歯肉退縮;歯と歯肉の間の深いポケット(ポケットは、アタッチメントがコラゲナーゼによって徐々に破壊された部位である);および歯の弛緩を含み得る。
本明細書に記載されたポルフィロモナス・ジンジバリスが使用する宿主の免疫応答を圧倒するおよび阻止するメカニズムは、歯周炎または歯周炎に関連する疾患を処置または予防する方法において、病原体に対して使用できる。例えば、C3の遮断は、ポルフィロモナス・ジンジバリスから決定的な生存戦術を効果的に奪う。それ故に、C3の発現、活性または活性化を阻害または遮断する方法は、個体においてポルフィロモナス・ジンジバリスの量を減少させ、それによって、歯周炎および関連する全身疾患、例えばアテローム動脈硬化症から個体を保護するために使用できる。さらに、C3の存在下で起こる免疫抑制性シグナル伝達を阻害する方法も、個体においてポルフィロモナス・ジンジバリスの量を減少させ、それによって、歯周炎および関連する全身疾患から個体を保護するために使用できる。
補体成分C3およびポルフィロモナス・ジンジバリスに関する本明細書に記載された結果はまた、治療用化合物(すなわちC3の発現、活性または活性化を阻害する化合物)をスクリーニングするためにも使用できる。例えば、C3ポリペプチドをコードする核酸に作動可能に連結したプロモーターを含む核酸分子が作製できる。DNA配列の発現を駆動するプロモーターは、当技術分野でよく知られている。C3をコードする核酸を発現するのに適したプロモーターは、当業者に知られており、例えば、構成型または誘導型プロモーターを含む。多くの構成型および誘導型プロモーターが、当技術分野で知られている。本明細書で用いられるとき、“作動可能に連結”とは、プロモーターおよび/または他の制御エレメントが、ベクター中で、C3をコードする核酸に対して当該核酸の発現を指示するまたは制御するような位置にあることを意味する。当該核酸分子は、宿主細胞(例えば大腸菌(E. coli)、酵母)に、常法(例えばエレクトロポレーション、脂質ベースの送達系、ナノ粒子送達系およびウイルスベースの送達系)を用いて導入でき、該宿主細胞を試験化合物と接触させ得る。また、本明細書に記載されたベクターは、選択可能マーカーをコードする配列(例えば抗生物質耐性遺伝子)などの配列を含み得る。
CS7BL/6 野生型(WT)マウスまたはC3欠損マウス(C3-/-)を、ポルフィロモナス・ジンジバリス(Pg)に経口感染させた、または感染させず、肉を除いた上顎骨を用いて歯槽骨喪失の誘発について評価した(図1A)。上顎大臼歯6本の周囲の頬側および舌側の歯肉を同じマウスから切断し、リアルタイムPCR用に処理して、表示したサイトカインについてmRNA発現レベルを決定した(GAPDHのmRNAに対して標準化、偽感染野生型群に対する誘発倍率として表す)(図1B)。歯肉をホモジナイズし、可溶性抽出物を使用してLuminex-100 technologyを用いてサイトカインレベルを決定する、同様の実験を行った(図1C)。
野生型マウス(WT)またはC3欠損マウスまたはC5aR欠損マウスに、ポルフィロモナス・ジンジバリス(Pg)またはビークルのみ(偽感染)を経口接種し、7日後に屠殺した。歯周組織中のポルフィロモナス・ジンジバリス数および全細菌数を、ISPg1遺伝子(ポルフィロモナス・ジンジバリス)または16S rRNA遺伝子(全細菌)の定量的リアルタイムPCRを用いて決定した。
骨喪失を上顎第2大臼歯(L)の周囲を5−0絹糸結紮の使用により誘発させた;各マウスの反対側の臼歯は、結紮しないままとし、ベースラインの対照(UCまたはWT)とした。
カニクイザルの免疫系および歯周解剖学的形態は、ヒトと非常に類似しており、このNHPモデルにおける結紮誘発歯周炎は、ヒトの歯周炎で観察されるものと最も類似した細菌学的、免疫組織学的および臨床学的特徴を表す。このため、他の広く用いられている前臨床動物モデル、例えば齧歯類と比較して、カニクイザルモデルは、ヒト歯周炎における薬物有効性についてはるかに予測的である。さらに、結紮誘発歯周炎のカニクイザルモデルは、ヒトで行えない方法で本疾患の長期的試験を可能とする。
対象の方法および組成物は、幾つかの異なる局面と併せて本明細書に記載されているが、様々な局面の前述の記載は、説明することを意図しており、対象の方法の範囲を限定しないことが理解されるべきである。他の局面、利点および修飾は、請求の範囲の範囲内である。
Claims (8)
- 有効成分としてコンプスタチンアナログであるCp40を含む、個体において歯周炎を処置または予防するための医薬組成物。
- 有効成分としてコンプスタチンアナログであるCp40を含む、個体においてポルフィロモナス・ジンジバリスの量を減らす、および/またはポルフィロモナス・ジンジバリスによって引き起こされる炎症を軽減するための医薬組成物。
- 静脈内、皮内、皮下、経口、経皮、局所および経粘膜から選択される経路によって投与される、請求項1または2に記載の医薬組成物。
- 個体の部位に局所的に投与される、請求項1〜3の何れか1項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 個体の歯周ポケットに投与される、請求項3に記載の医薬組成物。
- 歯周炎を処置または予防する化合物をスクリーニングする方法であって、
ポルフィロモナス・ジンジバリスの存在下で、細胞を試験化合物と接触させ;
C3の発現、活性または活性化について当該細胞を評価することを含み、
ここで、試験化合物存在下でのC3の発現、活性または活性化の減少が、歯周炎を処置または予防するのに使用できる試験化合物を示す方法。 - 当該細胞が、哺乳動物細胞である、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 当該細胞がC3をコードする外因性核酸を含む組換え細胞である、請求項6に記載の方法。
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