JP6336367B2 - 過酷なオイル及びガス環境用の超高強度合金及び製造方法 - Google Patents
過酷なオイル及びガス環境用の超高強度合金及び製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 53
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims description 53
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 4
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010313 vacuum arc remelting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 101000912561 Bos taurus Fibrinogen gamma-B chain Proteins 0.000 claims 1
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 14
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003483 aging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003129 oil well Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910017150 AlTi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008246 gaseous mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000599 Cr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017315 Mo—Cu Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003271 Ni-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/10—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of nickel or cobalt or alloys based thereon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/34—Methods of heating
- C21D1/42—Induction heating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/08—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for tubular bodies or pipes
- C21D9/085—Cooling or quenching
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/52—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length
- C21D9/525—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length for wire, for rods
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
- C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
- C22C19/051—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W
- C22C19/055—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W with the maximum Cr content being at least 20% but less than 30%
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
- C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
- C22C19/051—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W
- C22C19/056—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W with the maximum Cr content being at least 10% but less than 20%
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C30/00—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
- C22C30/02—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent containing copper
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/002—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L19/00—Joints in which sealing surfaces are pressed together by means of a member, e.g. a swivel nut, screwed on or into one of the joint parts
- F16L19/02—Pipe ends provided with collars or flanges, integral with the pipe or not, pressed together by a screwed member
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Nonferrous Metals Or Alloys (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Description
本発明は、過酷なオイル及びガス環境に好適な合金に関し、より詳しくは、超高強度合金に関し、その独特な微小構造は、降伏強度、衝撃強度、延性、耐食性、熱的安定性及び成型性の組合せをもたらし、二酸化炭素と硫化水素の気体状混合物を含む腐食性の油井用途に適した合金を製造する特殊な焼きなまし及び時効硬化条件により得られる。
浅く、腐食性が低い油井が枯渇すると、より深い掘削を可能にし、腐食性の高い井戸を効果的に稼働させるために、強度がより高く、耐食性がより高い材料が必要になる。腐食性が穏やかな井戸は、各種の13Cr鋼により取り扱う。しかし、13%Cr合金は、二酸化炭素と硫化水素の気体状混合物を含む、より深い、腐食性の井戸用途に必要な、中程度の耐食性及び強度が不足している。Cayard et al.は、ここにその内容を参考として含めるNACE Paper No. 112, 1998, pp. 1-8、「オイル及びガス製造環境における13Crチューブの耐久性(Serviceability of 13Cr Tubulars in Oil and Gas Production Environments)」で、13Cr合金が、サワーガスと非サワーガスとの間の移行領域で稼働する井戸には不十分な耐食性を有することを示唆する硫化物応力腐食データを開示している。
従って、耐食性に不可欠なMo及びCrはマトリックス中に維持される。さらに、Mo及びCr炭化物は、粒界を形成する傾向があるのに対し、NbCは構造を通して形成される。Mo及びCr炭化物の排除/最少化は、延性を改良する。Nbの過度に高い含有量は、加工性および延性に有害なσ相及び過剰量のNbC及びγ”を形成する傾向がある。Nb範囲は、好ましくは3.6〜6.5%、より好ましくは3.6〜6.4%、さらに好ましくは4.0〜6.2%である。
注 135 lbs VIM+VARヒートであるD5-8323及びD5-8324を除いて、全てのヒートは、50 lbs VIMヒートであった。VIMは、真空誘導融解を意味し、VARは、真空アーク再融解を意味する。
VIMは、真空誘導融解を意味する。YS=降伏強度、UTS=極限引張強度、%EI=伸長、及び%ROA=絞り。
表3に示すヒートは、これらのヒートに対するNb/(Al+Ti比)が臨界範囲2.5〜7.5の外側にあるので、145 ksi min降伏強度を示さない。
試験は、347°Fで、20重量%NaCl溶液中、500 psigCO2及び500 psigH2S下で行った。時間破損(TTF)、%伸長、及び%絞り及びそれらの空気/環境中の比を以下に示す。これはB熱処理によるヒートD5-8323であった。
試験は、347°Fで、20重量%NaCl溶液中、500 psigCO2及び500 psigH2S下で行った。時間破損(TTF)、%伸長、及び%絞り及びそれらの空気/環境中の比を以下に示す。これはB熱処理によるヒートD5-8324であった。
表1〜5を精査し、耐食性+降伏強度の必要条件を満たす合金は、重量百分率で、下記の組成範囲、すなわちFe0〜15%、Cr18〜24%、Mo3.0〜9.0%、Cu0.05〜3%、Nb3.6〜5.5%、Ti0.5〜2.2%、Al0.05〜1.0%、C0.005〜0.040%、残部Ni並びに付随不純物から製造する。さらに、合金中のNb/(Al+Ti)比は、γ’及びγ”相の所望の体積画分を与えて高強度を得るために、2.5〜7.5である。
Claims (14)
- オイル及びガス環境における使用に好適な高強度耐食性合金であって、重量%で、Fe0〜15%、Cr18〜24%、Mo3〜9%、Cu0.05〜3.0%、Nb4.0〜6.5%、Ti0.5〜2.2%、Al0.05〜1.0%、C0.005〜0.040%、残部Ni並びに不可避不純物を含んでなり、
Nb/(Ti+Al)比=2.5〜7.5であり、
前記合金の微小構造がγ’及びγ”相を含み、
最小降伏強度が145 ksiであることを特徴とする、合金。 - 前記Fe含有量が最大で12%である、請求項1に記載の合金。
- 前記Mo含有量が最小で3.5%である、請求項1に記載の合金。
- 前記Cu含有量が最小で0.1%である、請求項1に記載の合金。
- 前記Cu含有量が最小で1.0%である、請求項1に記載の合金。
- 前記Ti含有量が最小で0.6%である、請求項1に記載の合金。
- 前記Ti含有量が最小で0.8%である、請求項1に記載の合金。
- 前記Al含有量が最大で0.7%である、請求項1に記載の合金。
- 前記C含有量が0.030%未満である、請求項1に記載の合金。
- 請求項1に記載の合金から製造された、オイルおよびガス井戸における使用に好適なバーまたはチューブ。
- 高強度耐食性合金の製造方法であって、
(a)重量%で、Fe0〜15%、Cr18〜24%、Mo3〜9%、Cu0.05〜3.0%、Nb4.0〜6.5%、Ti0.5〜2.2%、Al0.05〜1.0%、C0.005〜0.040%、残部Ni並びに不可避不純物を含んでなり、
Nb/(Ti+Al)比=2.5〜7.5である、合金を用意する工程、
(b)前記合金を所望の形状に熱間加工する工程、及び
(c)前記熱間加工された合金を、
(i)1750°F(954℃)〜2050°F(1121℃)で、0.5〜4.5時間加熱し、続いて水急冷または空気冷却することによる第一溶体化焼きなましすること、 (ii)少なくとも1275°F(691℃)の温度に加熱し、その温度に6〜10時間保持することにより時効処理してγ’及びγ”相を析出させること、
(iii)1050°F(565℃)〜1250°F(677℃)で第二時効加熱処理し、その温度に保持して二次的時効工程を4〜12時間行い、次いで、時効後に常温に空気冷却すること、
を含んでなることを特徴とする、方法。 - 工程(a)で、工程(b)の前に前記合金を真空誘導溶解および真空アーク再溶解することを含む、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記第一溶体化焼きなまし工程(c)(i)の加熱時間が1時間であり、二次的時効工程(c)(iii)における保持時間が8時間である、請求項11に記載の方法。
- オイルおよびガス井戸における使用に好適なバーまたはチューブの製造方法であって、 (a)重量%で、Fe0〜15%、Cr18〜24%、Mo3〜9%、Cu0.05〜3.0%、Nb4.0〜6.5%、Ti0.5〜2.2%、Al0.05〜1.0%、C0.005〜0.040%、残部Ni並びに不可避不純物を含んでなり、
Nb/(Ti+Al)比=2.5〜7.5である、合金を用意する工程、
(b)前記合金を所望の形状に熱間加工する工程、及び
(c)前記熱間加工された合金を、
(i)1750°F(954℃)〜2050°F(1121℃)で、0.5〜4.5時間加熱し、続いて水急冷または空気冷却することによる第一溶体化焼きなましすること、 (ii)少なくとも1275°F(691℃)の温度に加熱し、その温度に6〜10時間保持することにより時効処理してγ’及びγ”相を析出させること、
(iii)1050°F(565℃)〜1250°F(677℃)で第二時効加熱処理し、その温度に保持して二次的時効工程を4〜12時間行い、次いで、時効後に常温に空気冷却すること、
を含んでなることを特徴とする、方法。
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US98895707P | 2007-11-19 | 2007-11-19 | |
US60/988,957 | 2007-11-19 | ||
US1364707P | 2007-12-14 | 2007-12-14 | |
US61/013,647 | 2007-12-14 |
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US (3) | US9017490B2 (ja) |
EP (2) | EP2845916B1 (ja) |
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KR (1) | KR20100092021A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101868559A (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2008326504A1 (ja) |
ES (2) | ES2534346T3 (ja) |
MX (1) | MX2010005531A (ja) |
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CN115747576B (zh) * | 2022-10-26 | 2024-03-22 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | 一种高压氢气压缩机临氢膜片用耐氢脆耐疲劳板材的制备方法 |
CN115961178B (zh) * | 2022-11-15 | 2024-07-30 | 重庆材料研究院有限公司 | 一种超高强韧镍基耐蚀合金 |
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Also Published As
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ES2624416T3 (es) | 2017-07-14 |
EP2222884A4 (en) | 2012-02-22 |
CN101868559A (zh) | 2010-10-20 |
US20110011500A1 (en) | 2011-01-20 |
EP2845916B1 (en) | 2017-03-29 |
US9017490B2 (en) | 2015-04-28 |
EP2222884A1 (en) | 2010-09-01 |
MX2010005531A (es) | 2010-10-25 |
RU2010125217A (ru) | 2011-12-27 |
KR20100092021A (ko) | 2010-08-19 |
JP5868595B2 (ja) | 2016-02-24 |
EP2845916A3 (en) | 2015-05-06 |
AU2008326504A1 (en) | 2009-05-28 |
JP2011503366A (ja) | 2011-01-27 |
EP2222884B1 (en) | 2015-02-18 |
US10100392B2 (en) | 2018-10-16 |
US20150218686A1 (en) | 2015-08-06 |
ES2534346T3 (es) | 2015-04-21 |
WO2009067436A1 (en) | 2009-05-28 |
EP2845916A2 (en) | 2015-03-11 |
US20150232974A1 (en) | 2015-08-20 |
JP2015052166A (ja) | 2015-03-19 |
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