JP6299796B2 - 海水淡水化方法及び海水淡水化設備 - Google Patents
海水淡水化方法及び海水淡水化設備 Download PDFInfo
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- chlorine
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- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 title claims description 80
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 25
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 142
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 132
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 130
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 65
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 52
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 51
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 claims description 41
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 39
- FDDDEECHVMSUSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanilamide Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(S(N)(=O)=O)C=C1 FDDDEECHVMSUSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 33
- 229940124530 sulfonamide Drugs 0.000 claims description 33
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 claims 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- 235000015170 shellfish Nutrition 0.000 description 27
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 16
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 15
- -1 hypochlorite ions Chemical class 0.000 description 14
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 12
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000005708 Sodium hypochlorite Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- 241000237502 Ostreidae Species 0.000 description 7
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- WQYVRQLZKVEZGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hypochlorite Inorganic materials Cl[O-] WQYVRQLZKVEZGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 235000020636 oyster Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 5
- DWAQJAXMDSEUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bisulfite Chemical compound [Na+].OS([O-])=O DWAQJAXMDSEUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 235000010267 sodium hydrogen sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- LNOPIUAQISRISI-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-hydroxy-2-propan-2-ylsulfonylethanimidamide Chemical compound CC(C)S(=O)(=O)CC(N)=NO LNOPIUAQISRISI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 210000001835 viscera Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- QDHHCQZDFGDHMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloramine Chemical compound ClN QDHHCQZDFGDHMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000001246 bromo group Chemical class Br* 0.000 description 2
- QBWCMBCROVPCKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorous acid Chemical compound OCl=O QBWCMBCROVPCKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- OSVXSBDYLRYLIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxidochlorine(.) Chemical compound O=Cl=O OSVXSBDYLRYLIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 2
- JGJLWPGRMCADHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N hypobromite Chemical compound Br[O-] JGJLWPGRMCADHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QWPPOHNGKGFGJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hypochlorous acid Chemical compound ClO QWPPOHNGKGFGJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UKLNMMHNWFDKNT-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium chlorite Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]Cl=O UKLNMMHNWFDKNT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229960002218 sodium chlorite Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000009182 swimming Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009897 systematic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- RTQPZPWCYWVQCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[3-(2-methoxyethoxy)phenyl]piperazine Chemical compound COCCOC1=CC=CC(N2CCNCC2)=C1 RTQPZPWCYWVQCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BZSXEZOLBIJVQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylsulfonylbenzoic acid Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O BZSXEZOLBIJVQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JJKVMNNUINFIRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-amino-n-(4-methoxyphenyl)benzamide Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1NC(=O)C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 JJKVMNNUINFIRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QNGVNLMMEQUVQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-n,4-n-diethylbenzene-1,4-diamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 QNGVNLMMEQUVQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101100476210 Caenorhabditis elegans rnt-1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- ZKQDCIXGCQPQNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Ca+2].Cl[O-].Cl[O-] ZKQDCIXGCQPQNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine Chemical compound ClCl KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004155 Chlorine dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000238586 Cirripedia Species 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010013647 Drowning Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000257465 Echinoidea Species 0.000 description 1
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen bromide Chemical group Br CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010021033 Hypomenorrhoea Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000237536 Mytilus edulis Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- WOHVONCNVLIHKY-UHFFFAOYSA-L [Ba+2].[O-]Cl=O.[O-]Cl=O Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]Cl=O.[O-]Cl=O WOHVONCNVLIHKY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- KHPLPBHMTCTCHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium chlorate Chemical compound N.OCl(=O)=O KHPLPBHMTCTCHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011001 backwashing Methods 0.000 description 1
- ISFLYIRWQDJPDR-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium chlorate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]Cl(=O)=O.[O-]Cl(=O)=O ISFLYIRWQDJPDR-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- HPEWZLCIOKVLBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Ba+2].Cl[O-].Cl[O-] HPEWZLCIOKVLBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 159000000009 barium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BEHLMOQXOSLGHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzenamine sulfate Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1 BEHLMOQXOSLGHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SXDBWCPKPHAZSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromic acid Chemical compound OBr(=O)=O SXDBWCPKPHAZSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CODNYICXDISAEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine monochloride Chemical compound BrCl CODNYICXDISAEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JXHKAMUFJPEGFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromo sulfamate Chemical compound NS(=O)(=O)OBr JXHKAMUFJPEGFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YALMXYPQBUJUME-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium chlorate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]Cl(=O)=O.[O-]Cl(=O)=O YALMXYPQBUJUME-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 159000000007 calcium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RSIPQRDGPVEGLE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium;disulfamate Chemical compound [Ca+2].NS([O-])(=O)=O.NS([O-])(=O)=O RSIPQRDGPVEGLE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 238000004113 cell culture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)=O XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940005991 chloric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000012320 chlorinating reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001804 chlorine Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019398 chlorine dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- YUMNNMSNSLHINV-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloro sulfamate Chemical compound NS(=O)(=O)OCl YUMNNMSNSLHINV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940077239 chlorous acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000001868 cobalt Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007973 cyanuric acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- YGNOYUCUPMACDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylsulfamic acid Chemical compound CN(C)S(O)(=O)=O YGNOYUCUPMACDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002357 guanidines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- CUILPNURFADTPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hypobromous acid Chemical compound BrO CUILPNURFADTPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002779 inactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 159000000014 iron salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- SQZYOZWYVFYNFV-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+);disulfamate Chemical compound [Fe+2].NS([O-])(=O)=O.NS([O-])(=O)=O SQZYOZWYVFYNFV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002696 manganese Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MYMDOKBFMTVEGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylsulfamic acid Chemical compound CNS(O)(=O)=O MYMDOKBFMTVEGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000020638 mussel Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002815 nickel Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AMULHDKUJWPBKU-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(2+);dichlorite Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]Cl=O.[O-]Cl=O AMULHDKUJWPBKU-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium benzoate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VKJKEPKFPUWCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium chlorate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]Cl(=O)=O VKJKEPKFPUWCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- SATVIFGJTRRDQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium hypochlorite Chemical compound [K+].Cl[O-] SATVIFGJTRRDQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VISKNDGJUCDNMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium;chlorite Chemical compound [K+].[O-]Cl=O VISKNDGJUCDNMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BTAAXEFROUUDIL-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium;sulfamate Chemical compound [K+].NS([O-])(=O)=O BTAAXEFROUUDIL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001948 sodium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- CRWJEUDFKNYSBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;hypobromite Chemical compound [Na+].Br[O-] CRWJEUDFKNYSBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YHRRZDLNOVFJKG-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;n-bromosulfamate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)NBr YHRRZDLNOVFJKG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FZMJSKDUGCSOLI-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;n-chlorosulfamate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)NCl FZMJSKDUGCSOLI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- QDWYPRSFEZRKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;sulfamate Chemical compound [Na+].NS([O-])(=O)=O QDWYPRSFEZRKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 159000000008 strontium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IIACRCGMVDHOTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfamate Chemical compound NS([O-])(=O)=O IIACRCGMVDHOTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- IIACRCGMVDHOTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfamic acid Chemical class NS(O)(=O)=O IIACRCGMVDHOTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012085 test solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/14—Ultrafiltration; Microfiltration
- B01D61/16—Feed pretreatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/14—Ultrafiltration; Microfiltration
- B01D61/22—Controlling or regulating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D65/00—Accessories or auxiliary operations, in general, for separation processes or apparatus using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D65/08—Prevention of membrane fouling or of concentration polarisation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/50—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by addition or application of a germicide or by oligodynamic treatment
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
- Y02A20/131—Reverse-osmosis
Description
特許文献1には、十分に貝類の付着を防止するための遊離残留塩素(または臭素)濃度は1.0mg/L程度であり、少なくとも0.1〜0.5mg/L程度は必要であることが記載されている。
また、本発明は、この貝類の付着抑制方法を利用して、RO膜分離装置を用いた海水淡水化設備において、貝類の付着を抑制すると共に、残留酸化剤の還元除去のための還元剤の添加を不要とし、また、RO膜のバイオファウリング障害も防止することができる海水淡水化方法及び海水淡水化設備を提供することを課題とする。
本発明の貝類の付着抑制方法では、海水に、塩素系酸化剤及び/又は臭素系酸化剤からなるハロゲン系酸化剤とスルファミン系化合物とよりなる安定化塩素及び/又は安定化臭素を、塩素換算で所定の遊離塩素濃度及び全塩素濃度となるように添加して、海水接水部材への貝類の付着を抑制すると共に、貝類を殺貝して付着した貝類を剥離する。
本発明で用いる臭素系酸化剤に特に制限はなく、例えば、液体臭素、塩化臭素、臭素酸又はその塩、次亜臭素酸又はその塩などを挙げることができる。これらの臭素系酸化剤は、1種を単独で用いても良く、2種以上を組み合わせて用いても良い。
(1) スルファミン系化合物と塩素系酸化剤との含有割合が、Cl/N(モル比)で0.45〜0.6。
ここで、Cl/N(モル比)は、JIS K 0400−33−10:1999により測定される塩素系酸化剤のCl2のモル数と、Nにより構成されるスルファミン系化合物のモル数との比に相当する。
(2) アルカリ剤と塩素系酸化剤との含有割合が、Cl/アルカリ金属(モル比)で0.3〜0.4。
(3) アルカリ剤とスルファミン系化合物との含有割合が、N/アルカリ金属(モル比)で0.5〜0.7。
ここで、N/アルカリ金属(モル比)は、上記スルファミン系化合物のモル数と、アルカリ金属水酸化物により構成されるアルカリ剤のモル数との比に相当し、スルファミン系化合物に含まれるアルカリ金属の量はアルカリとして加算される。
(4) pHが13以上。
(5) 全塩素濃度が1〜10重量% as Cl2、好ましくは5〜10重量% as Cl2、全塩素に対する遊離塩素の含有率が2重量%以下。
遊離塩素濃度が過度に高いと、ポリアミド系RO膜へダメージを与える可能性があるため、RO膜を保護する観点から上限が存在する。
一方、全塩素濃度については、貝付着抑制及び殺貝の観点から、下限が存在するが、経済的観点から上限が存在する。
本発明の海水淡水化方法及び海水淡水化設備は、上述の本発明の貝類の付着抑制方法をRO膜分離装置を用いた海水淡水化設備に適用して海水の取水部で貝類の付着抑制及び殺貝処理を行うものである。
樹脂製細胞培養用容器(接着細胞用プレート)内で付着期にあるマガキ幼生の海水懸濁液を各試験区に200個体前後になるように一定量分注し、試験終了時点の付着マガキ数(付着個体数)、遊離マガキ数(遊離個体数)、それぞれの生死数を計数した。また、全個体数に占める付着個体数の割合(百分率)を付着率として算出した。
各試験区に添加した薬剤と添加量は表1に示す通りである。
なお、Run2〜4で用いた次亜塩素酸ナトリウムは、有効塩素濃度12重量%の水溶液であり、Run5〜8で用いたモノクロロスルファミン酸ナトリウムは、以下のようにして調製した。
また、付着しているかどうかの判断は、容器をゆすった際動かないもので、かつ顕微鏡観察により付着が促進されている(脚で接着している)ことを確認できたものを付着と判定した。
カキの生死判断については、顕微鏡観察によりいわゆる生体反応(例えば、内臓等に動きが観察される、面盤を動かして遊泳している)が観察されたものを生きた個体、内臓等が溶解し消失していたり、明らかに内臓に動きがないものを斃死個体として集計した。
72時間後の試験結果を表1に示す。
2 砂濾過器
3 濾過水槽
4 保安フィルタ
5 RO膜分離装置
6 薬剤タンク
7 塩素濃度計
8 制御装置
Claims (2)
- 海水を濾過する濾過工程と、該濾過工程からの濾過水を逆浸透膜分離処理する逆浸透膜分離工程とを有する海水淡水化方法において、該濾過工程よりも前に、塩素系酸化剤及び/又は臭素系酸化剤からなるハロゲン系酸化剤とスルファミン系化合物とよりなる安定化塩素及び/又は安定化臭素を、海水に添加する薬注工程を有する海水淡水化方法であって、
前記薬注工程において、前記安定化塩素及び/又は安定化臭素を、塩素換算で、遊離塩素濃度が0.05mg−Cl2/L未満、全塩素濃度が0.1〜5mg−Cl2/Lの範囲となるように海水に添加することを特徴とする海水淡水化方法。 - 海水を濾過する濾過器と、該濾過器からの濾過水を逆浸透膜分離処理する逆浸透膜分離装置とを有する海水淡水化設備において、該濾過器の前段に、塩素系酸化剤及び/又は臭素系酸化剤からなるハロゲン系酸化剤とスルファミン系化合物とよりなる安定化塩素及び/又は安定化臭素を、海水に添加する薬注手段を有する海水淡水化設備であって、
前記安定化塩素及び/又は安定化臭素添加後の海水の遊離塩素及び/又は遊離臭素濃度と全塩素及び/又は全臭素濃度を測定する塩素及び/又は臭素濃度測定手段と、該塩素及び/又は臭素濃度測定手段の測定結果に基づいて、海水の遊離塩素及び/又は遊離臭素濃度が、塩素換算で、0.05mg−Cl2/L未満、全塩素及び/又は臭素濃度が、塩素換算で、0.1〜5mg−Cl2/Lの範囲となるように前記薬注手段の薬注量を制御する制御手段を有することを特徴とする海水淡水化設備。
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