JP6297816B2 - Abalone culture method and culture system - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an abalone culture method and a culture system therefor. More specifically, the present invention relates to an abalone culture method and an aquaculture system capable of efficiently producing abalone while maintaining good water quality as a growth environment for abalone growth.

  Abalone is cultivated on land, and various devices for this have been proposed (Patent Documents 1 and 2). The thing of patent document 1 arrange | positions the shelter (adhesion board to which abalone adhere | attaches) which guides the breeding seawater which is breeding water concentrically, arranges a foreign object with breeding seawater from the center bottom by rotating seawater. It discharges and keeps water quality. The thing of patent document 2 circulates the water storage in a breeding tank between the breeding tank and the filter tank in which the filter medium containing the mineral content is accommodated, and activates aerobic bacteria with the mineral content of the filter medium. It is to become.

  On the other hand, in the report of the growth of Ezo abalone, when the seawater temperature is 26 ° C. or higher, the oxygen consumption is lower than 24 ° C., and the ammonia nitrogen derived from the excrement of organisms as a seawater contamination index (Ammonia nitrogen) is used, but when this value exceeds 10 μg-atoms / L, there is a report that the oxygen consumption is rapidly reduced in the breeding seawater (Non-patent Document 1). That is, there is a strong correlation between the concentration of ammonia nitrogen in water and the amount of oxygen consumed by abalone, and this reduction in oxygen consumption means that the activity of Ezo abalone is reduced. In order to lower the water temperature, it is only necessary to cool the breeding seawater with a cooling device, but the energy consumption increases, and it is not easy to remove ammonia nitrogen. There is a limit to purify the breeding seawater with the apparatus proposed as described above. In particular, in the summer when the seawater temperature rises, abalone killing during cultivation is inevitable to some extent.

  Therefore, a method of frequently replacing fresh seawater is employed. For example, all the breeding seawater is replaced once every four days in the low water temperature period and once every two days in the high water temperature period. This method of frequently replacing seawater causes problems such as loss of pump energy for water supply and drainage, energy loss due to discharge of cooling seawater, and marine pollution. Furthermore, this replacement of seawater gives a large stress to abalone during breeding due to a temperature difference with fresh seawater temperature and a sudden change in water quality, so replace it as often as possible. Better. On the other hand, the present inventor has proposed an apparatus for activating seafood inhabitants for supplying sodium hydroxide from a chemical solution injector at the same time as supplying oxygen to the breeding seawater to prevent a decrease in pH value. This prevents accumulation of carbon dioxide in the breeding seawater. However, even if this apparatus is applied to abalone as it is, the amount of dissolved oxygen can be increased, but ammonia nitrogen cannot be removed, so the optimum environment for abalone is not necessarily obtained.

  A method to generate ideal phytoplankton and brown plankton by adjusting the generation of brown plankton or green phytoplankton in breeding seawater, which is important as food, in the culture of prawns by adjusting nitrogen concentration and phosphate concentration Has been proposed (Patent Document 4). On the other hand, in order to promote the cultivation of algae such as sea grapes, the essential nutrients essential for the growth of algae, by keeping the temperature constant, irradiating light with controlled wavelength, dissolving oxygen-containing air or nitrogen gas Etc. have also been proposed (Patent Document 5). However, all of the proposed ones have different purposes and are not immediately applicable to the improvement of abalone breeding seawater of the present invention.

JP 2004-329042 A JP 2002-119169 A JP 2004-159558 A JP-A-8-154664 WO2005 / 102031

"Environmental conditions affecting the growth of Ezo abalone" Tohoku Fisheries Research Institute Bulletin 21

The present invention has been invented with the above technical background, and achieves the following object.
An object of the present invention is to provide an abalone culture method and an aquaculture system capable of efficiently ingesting nutrients necessary for abalone.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an abalone culture method and an aquaculture system capable of reducing the frequency of rearing seawater.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide an abalone culture method and culture system that can reduce carbon dioxide, nitrate nitrogen, phosphate phosphorus, and the like derived from organic matter such as feces and residual food in the breeding seawater. It is in.

The abalone culture method of the present invention 1
In the abalone culture method, where abalone is cultivated on land with circulating breeding seawater,
After separating the solid matter in the breeding seawater discharged from the breeding tank for abalone cultivation,
Mainly using aerobic microorganisms, oxidative degradation of organic matter contained in the breeding seawater by nitrifying bacteria,
By diatoms generated in the breeding seawater, the components in the breeding seawater effective for the growth of the diatoms are absorbed and cultivated by photosynthesis ,
When the breeding seawater is sprayed from a nozzle that generates cavitation in a partitioned space, at least one selected from a chemical solution, oxygen, and air is used in the breeding seawater, and silicic acid for causing the diatoms to proliferate Potassium or sodium silicate aqueous solution is added and dissolved in the breeding seawater .

Aquaculture method of the present invention 2 abalone in aquaculture method of the present invention 1 abalone, in order to remove the ammonia of the breeding seawater, after generating cavitation the breeding seawater is injected from the nozzle, the Air is blown into breeding seawater to vaporize and remove the ammonia into the air.

The abalone culturing method of the present invention 3 is the abalone culturing method of the present invention 2,
Separation of the solid matter is to generate a swirling flow in the breeding seawater discharged from the breeding tank, and to perform foreign matter separation by a cyclone to remove the solid foreign matter by centrifugal force and gravity,
The growth of the diatoms is the irradiation of sunlight and / or artificial light to grow the diatoms ,
It is characterized by using a microorganism filtration tank in which air is blown into the breeding seawater and an organic substance is oxidatively decomposed by nitrifying bacteria using aerobic microorganisms contained in the seawater.

The abalone culture system of the present invention 4
A breeding tank that is a tank containing breeding seawater for abalone farming,
A solid foreign material recovery device that is a device for separating solids in the breeding seawater;
A microorganism filtration tank that mainly uses aerobic microorganisms to oxidize and decompose organic matter contained in the breeding seawater with nitrifying bacteria;
Algae cultivation device for absorbing and cultivating the components in the breeding seawater effective for the growth of the diatoms by photosynthesis by the diatoms generated in the breeding seawater;
An activation device for activating the breeding seawater by blowing and dissolving one or more selected from medicinal solution, oxygen and air into the breeding seawater
Abalone farming system consisting of
The activation device comprises:
The breeding seawater, when ejected from the nozzle causing cavitation compartmented space, the chemical in the breeding seawater, oxygen, and one or more selected from the air, and potassium silicate in order to flourish the diatoms Alternatively, it comprises a jet generating device for adding an aqueous sodium silicate solution to dissolve it in the breeding seawater, and an open tank for blowing air into the breeding seawater discharged from the jet generating device to vaporize ammonia in the breeding seawater.

The abalone culture system according to the present invention 5 is characterized in that, in the abalone culture system according to the present invention 4, the solid foreign matter collecting device is of a cyclone type that separates solid matter in the breeding seawater by centrifugal force.

The abalone culture system of the present invention 6 is the abalone culture system of the present invention 4, wherein a double tube comprising an outer tube and a discharge tube is disposed in the breeding tank in order to discharge the solid matter from the breeding tank. The bottom of the outer tube of the double tube is opened to the bottom side of the breeding tank, air is blown into the gap between the outer tube and the discharge pipe, and the solid matter on the bottom of the water tank is floated by the air And discharging from the upper surface of the discharge pipe .

  Abalone culture method and culture system of the present invention are capable of efficiently ingesting the nutrients necessary for abalone, can reduce the frequency of replacement of domestic seawater, harmful ammonia derived from organic matter such as feces and residual food in domestic seawater , Carbon dioxide, nitrate nitrogen, phosphoric acid phosphorus and the like can be lowered.

1 (a) to 1 (e) are embodiments of the abalone culture system of the present invention, and are external views of each device constituting this system. FIG. 2 is an external three-dimensional view in which a part of the breeding tank is broken. FIG. 3 is a plan view of FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A in FIG. FIG. 5 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the drainage space of the breeding tank. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the cyclone waste collection apparatus. FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the activation device. FIG. 8 is an algal cultivation apparatus that artificially cultivates and cultivates green algae.

[Outline of abalone farming system]
The outline of the abalone culture system of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 (a) to FIG. 1 (e) are embodiments of the abalone culture system of the present invention, and are external views showing an outline of each device constituting the system. A breeding tank 1 shown in FIG. 1 (a) is a water tank filled with seawater for culturing abalone. The breeding tank 1 is filled with seawater which is breeding water, and the seawater has a depth as close as possible to the coast and a seawater temperature with little seasonal variation. The seawater is pumped up to the water storage tank 6 and stored. Seawater sent from the pump is pumped and stored in the water storage tank 6 by a well-known float valve (not shown) so that the water level is always constant in the water storage tank 6.

  In the water storage tank 6, a heat insulating material is affixed to the tank wall or ceiling in order to avoid the influence of the temperature of the stored seawater from outside air. It arrange | positions so that the minimum water level of the water storage tank 6 may be a little higher than the maximum water level of the breeding tank 1 (for example, about 10 cm). The reason for arranging the water storage tank 6 at this height position is to prevent a loss of potential energy of the stored seawater. Seawater pumped from the coast contains foreign matter such as barnacle eggs harmful to breeding water, harmful plankton, etc., and the water removed by the filter is stored. A manual on-off valve 7 is disposed below the water storage tank 6. The on-off valve 7 is for opening and closing the stored seawater to the breeding tank 1 for water distribution.

  The opening degree of the on-off valve 7 is determined as follows. For example, when it is set so that all the breeding seawaters are exchanged in 10 circulations per day, new seawater is distributed in an amount that adds about 10% of the circulating water within the time required for one circulation. Depending on the seawater temperature, the state of the seawater, and the weather, this system distributes about 5 to 20% of new seawater under the above conditions. Due to the distribution of this new seawater, the circulating breeding seawater increases, and the excess seawater overflows from the breeding tank 1 and is discarded (not shown). Breeding seawater, which is dirty seawater in the breeding tank 1 containing abalone feces and urine, is discharged from the lower part for purification. The discharged seawater is pumped out by a pump and sent to the cyclone-type waste collection device 2 shown in FIG. As its principle is known, the cyclone-type filth collecting apparatus 2 is an apparatus for separating solids in the breeding seawater by centrifugal force caused by a swirling flow.

Solids such as feces and food debris are deposited on the top of the cone at the bottom of the swirl tank 31 by gravity. The breeding seawater filled in the swirl tank 31 is pumped out by the pump 8 after the solid matter is removed from the center of the upper part. The breeding seawater pumped out by the circulation pump 8 is bifurcated and supplied through a manual on-off valve 9 and a manual on-off valve 10. The breeding seawater branched to the manual opening / closing valve 10 side is supplied to the microorganism filtration tank 5 shown in FIG. The breeding seawater branched to the manual opening / closing valve 9 side is supplied to the activation device 3 shown in FIG. Normally, in the case of daytime operation, when opening the manual on-off valve 10, the manual on-off valve 9 is closed. At this time, the manual opening / closing valve 9 is closed and the activation device 3 is not operated. The microorganism filtration tank 5 decomposes organic substances in the breeding seawater to produce carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ), nitrate nitrogen (NO ₃ -N), phosphate phosphorus (PO ₄ -P), and the like. is there.

  The microbial filtration tank 5 oxidizes and decomposes organic matter such as abalone excreta contained in seawater mainly using aerobic nitrifying bacteria. A long-fiber non-woven fabric made of water-permeable synthetic fibers is laminated, and a water-flow space for water flow is sandwiched between them in the middle. Breeding seawater containing air or air containing oxygen is blown into the water passing space. Therefore, microorganisms such as aerobic nitrifying bacteria adhering to the long-fiber nonwoven fabric decompose abalone excrement. In addition, since the water-permeable layer is sandwiched between the long-fiber nonwoven fabrics, seawater passes through the long-fiber nonwoven fabric layers evenly. The microorganism filtration tank 5 is an invention of the inventor of the present invention, but since it is a known technique, a detailed description of its structure is omitted (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-118676). The pumping capacity of the circulation pump 8 may be such that the total amount of seawater in the breeding tank 1 is circulated about 10 to 12 times / day.

The breeding seawater that has been treated in the microorganism filtration tank 5 and decomposed organic matter is sent to the algae cultivation apparatus 4. The algal cultivation apparatus 4 is an aquaculture apparatus for mainly cultivating and cultivating green algae. The algae cultivation apparatus 4 performs agitation of the breeding seawater by air and culture of green algae with sunlight or the like. When the light of sunlight is weak during rainy weather or cloudy weather, an artificial LED light irradiation lamp is installed. Therefore, this LED light irradiation lamp may be used additionally. Green algae such as blue seaweed cultivated here are treated with aerobic bacteria, bacteria, etc. in the microorganism filtration tank 5 by organic matter generated by abalone rearing, and carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ), nitrate nitrogen (NO ₃ − N), which is decomposed into phosphate phosphorus (PO ₄ -P), but absorbs these. In addition, green algae generate oxygen (O ₂ ) generated by photosynthesis and play a role in dissolving it in the breeding seawater.

  Green algae such as blue seaweed can be used as abalone food, and circulation culture is possible. On the other hand, when abalone is stored at a high density in the breeding in which the breeding seawater is circulated, the mineral balance in the breeding seawater is lost, and in the case of abalone that absorbs a lot of minerals from the epidermis cells, the shell formation becomes poor. In particular, according to the knowledge of the present inventor, unlike the growth in nature, there is no sand or the like, so in the breeding seawater, silicon (Si) tends to be deficient in terms of elements. Unicellular diatoms proliferate with silicon (Si) added by the algal cultivation apparatus 4. The silicon (Si) added here is supplemented by potassium silicate, water glass (sodium silicate aqueous solution) and the like used in agricultural fertilizers. By adding this silicon, diatoms are generated in the breeding seawater, and the diatoms serve as abalone food.

As understood from the above description, the addition of minerals in the silicon or the like is not necessarily Ru added at this algae culture apparatus 4 may be added at activation device 3 or the like. The drainage from the bottom of the algal cultivation device 4 is sent again to the breeding tank 1 and distributed. Although it is mainly driving at night, when opening the manual on-off valve 9, the manual on-off valve 10 is closed. At this time, the microorganism filtration tank 5 and the algal cultivation apparatus 4 are not operated. The activation device 3 blows and dissolves a chemical solution such as sodium hydroxide, gas such as oxygen and air into seawater, raises the pH value of the breeding seawater, lowers the concentration of carbon dioxide, and gasifies ammonia to produce seawater. It is a device for activating seawater. This detailed function will be described later. Normally, during daytime operation, the manual on-off valve 9 is closed and the manual on-off valve 10 is opened, so that the microorganism filtration tank 5 is operated only during the day.

In nighttime operation, the manual opening / closing valve 9 is opened and the manual opening / closing valve 10 is closed, so that the activation device 3 is operated only at night. Seawater discharged from the bottom of the tank of the activation device 3 is sent to the water pipe of the breeding tank 1. The detailed structure and function of each device of the abalone culture system described above will be described below.
[Raising tank 1]
2 shows the appearance of the breeding tank 1, FIG. 3 is a plan view thereof, and FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. The breeding tank 1 is a partitioned space, in which seawater is introduced to raise abalone. The aquarium body 12 of the breeding tank 1 is made of FRP, an acrylic plate, etc., and as shown in FIG. 3, both ends are arcuate and have a rectangular shape, and the upper surface is open. Yes.

  The water tank main body 12 is divided into four spaces by a partition wall 13 in this example. However, since the partition wall 13 does not extend to the bottom surface of the water tank body 12, the bottoms of these four spaces are not partitioned. For this reason, the breeding seawater flows freely in the lower part of the aquarium body 12. Two partitioned spaces located in the central part of the aquarium body 12 are aquaculture spaces 14 for culturing abalone. In the aquaculture space 14, a plurality of plate abalone dressing plates 15 are arranged in a stacked manner.

  In this example, the abalone dressing plate 15 is suitable for the properties of black candy among abalone. The outer wall is made of fiber reinforced plastic, diatomaceous earth, cement, etc., and has a space where abalone can move freely, has a space for feeding seaweed, and can be easily cleaned. There is no such thing, and a plurality of plates are stacked with a gap, and this plate-like body is structured in a cross-beam shape. The abalone dressing plate 15 having this structure is known in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-129606, and the details thereof are omitted. In this example, two abalone planting plates 15 are stacked on the top and bottom, a total of 12 units are installed in one aquaculture space 14, and a total of 24 units are installed in two aquaculture spaces 14. it can. The abalone dressing plate 15 is installed on a net-like bottom plate 16 having a plurality of through holes. Therefore, a bottom space 17 that is a flat space is formed between the bottom plate 16 and the bottom surface of the water tank body 12.

  The bottom space 17 is provided with a supply pipe 18 for supplying breeding seawater that has been circulated and purified, or new fresh seawater that has been supplied. The replenishment pipe 18 has discharge ports arranged at a plurality of locations in the bottom space 17 so that the purified rearing seawater spreads over the two aquaculture spaces 14 evenly. In addition, an air pipe 20 for supplying air to seawater in the aquaculture space 14 is laid in the bottom space 17. Similarly, the air pipe 20 performs aeration by disposing outlets at a plurality of locations in the bottom space 17 so that air is evenly distributed to the seawater in the aquaculture space 14. Aeration is a method in which air is sent into water, bubbles are formed and water is mixed, and air is dissolved in water. Abalone in sea water can breathe with this oxygen in the air.

  FIG. 5 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of 19 parts of the drainage space of the breeding tank 1. As shown in FIG. 5, a water level pipe 21 having a lower end fixed to the water tank body 12 is arranged in the vertical direction in the drainage space 19 arranged at one end of the water tank body 12. Inside the water level pipe 21, a drain pipe 23 is arranged concentrically with the center line of the water level pipe 21. A flange 22 parallel to the bottom surface 25 of the tank body 12 is integrally formed at the lower portion of the water level pipe 21. A cylindrical and annular foreign matter discharge space 24 is formed between the inner diameter of the water level pipe 21 and the drain pipe 23. The foreign matter discharge space 24 is a space for allowing the foreign matter 26 made of solid matter such as feces and food debris deposited on the bottom of the tank body 12 to float by aeration and to be discharged from the opening at the upper end of the drain pipe 23. .

  The reason why the flange 22 is provided in the lower part of the water level pipe 21 is to promote the discharge of the foreign matter 26 accumulated on the bottom of the tank body 12. There is a step S between the upper end of the water level pipe 21 and the upper end of the drain pipe 23. When makeup water is poured into the aquarium body 12, the breeding seawater flows from the upper end of the water level pipe 21 and also from the upper surface of the drain pipe 23. Even when there is no additional makeup water with only circulating water and the water level drops below the upper surface of the water level pipe 21, the rearing seawater passes through the foreign matter discharge space 24 from the vicinity of the bottom surface 25 of the tank body 12 and the drainage pipe together with the foreign matter. Priority is given to the discharge of the foreign matter from 23. Since the space between the flange 22 and the bottom surface 25 of the tank body 12 is narrow, the breeding seawater to be drained flows faster at the position of the flange 22. For this reason, discharge of the foreign matter 26 can be urged.

  That is, the foreign matter 26 sucked together with the breeding seawater near the flange 22 flows into the foreign matter discharge space 24. Since air is supplied from the air pipe 20 into the foreign matter discharge space 24, the foreign matter 26 is lifted together with the breeding seawater by a kind of air lift pump, floats above the drain pipe 23, and is discharged from the drain pipe 23. Is done.

[Cyclone type waste collection device 2]
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the cyclone waste collection apparatus. The cyclone-type waste collection device 2 is a device for separating solids such as feces and food residues in the breeding seawater by centrifugal force caused by a swirling flow. The breeding seawater discharged from the drain pipe 23 (see FIG. 5) of the tank body 12 is pressurized by the pump 30 and supplied from the supply pipe 32 to the cylindrical swirl tank 31. The breeding seawater supply pipe 32 at this time is installed in the tangential direction of the outer peripheral surface of the swirl tank 31. Accordingly, the solid foreign matter in the supplied breeding seawater is driven on the inner peripheral surface 33 of the swirl tank 31 by centrifugal force, and spirally formed along the inner peripheral surface 33 of the swirl tank 31 by the resultant force of centrifugal force and gravity. Swirl to fall. Finally, the solid foreign matter accumulates on the funnel-shaped conical portion 34 below the swirl tank 31.

  A plurality of protrusions 36 are arranged on the inner circumferential surface 33 of the swirl tank 31. The protrusion 36 is disposed with a lead angle with respect to the swivel tank 31. For this reason, the foreign matter moving on the inner peripheral surface 33 is caught by the protrusion 36 and the speed is reduced. For this reason, the foreign matter is more affected by the gravity and falls to the funnel-shaped conical portion 34 below the swirl tank 31. The volume of solid foreign matter is manually discharged periodically by the on-off valve 35. The discharged foreign matter such as abalone feces can be used as sea cucumber food, just like the natural world. A discharge pipe 37 is disposed at the center of the swirl tank 31 along the center line.

  The breeding seawater that has come out of the discharge pipe 37 is sent to the next activation device 3 or the microorganism filtration tank 5 as described above. The breeding seawater that has come out of the discharge pipe 37 is pumped and discharged only from the purified breeding seawater at the center of the swirl tank 31. Since the foreign matter with a mass sent to the swirl tank 31 is collected by the funnel-shaped conical part 34, the breeding seawater of the center part is the purified thing from which foreign matters, such as a solid substance, were removed. Therefore, the breeding seawater from which the solid matter is removed is sent to the next activation device 3 or the microorganism filtration tank 5.

[Activator 3]
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the activation device 3. The activation device 3 is a device for increasing the pH value of the breeding seawater to lower the concentration of carbon dioxide, gasifying harmful ammonia from the seawater, and activating the seawater. In the breeding seawater, carbon dioxide in the breeding seawater increases due to activities such as abalone and microorganisms, and the pH value decreases. Furthermore, the amount of ammonia in the breeding seawater increases due to the waste produced by the abalone. It is preferable to remove these ammonia as much as possible. The activation device 3 increases the pH value of the breeding seawater and removes gasified ammonia and the like from the seawater. The jet generator 40 which forms the main part of the activation device 3 will be described. The basic method for generating a jet is described in detail in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-563, and detailed description thereof will be omitted. However, only the principle of jet generation of the jet generator 40 will be briefly described. . This jet generation principle uses the Coanda effect to generate a jet.

  In general, in a hydraulic machine, cavitation should be avoided because it causes vibration, corrosion and damage to the material. However, in this jet generating device 40, the oxygen concentration of the inhabiting water is actively improved and alkalinized. This phenomenon is utilized. In general, cavitation does not occur where Bernoulli's theorem holds. The above-mentioned Coanda effect refers to a phenomenon in which fluid is attracted to a wall, and in a jet, a water jet is attracted to a wall of a box-shaped internal space V to generate a vortex. The jet generation box 42 that forms the base of the jet generation device 40 has a flat rectangular shape in this example. It arrange | positions so that a longitudinal direction may become vertical. An injection nozzle 43 for supplying pressurized breeding seawater from the pump unit 40 and injecting it downward is fixed to the upper surface of the jet generation box 42.

  The injection nozzle 43 is an annular space having a cylindrical cross section. A partitioned jet generation chamber 44 is formed inside the jet generation box 42. The internal space V of the jet generating chamber 44 is a flat three-dimensional box-like space, and the general height of the space is represented by H, the general width thereof is represented by W, and the length in the vertical (vertical) direction is represented. Assuming that L1 is L1 and the effective diameter of the opening of the injection nozzle 43 is D1, as described above, the vortex generation conditions are D1 <H, W / H> 4, and H <L1. The jet stream ejected from the ejection nozzle 43 is ejected in the direction of the center line of the internal space V in the vertical direction, and cavitation occurs. A suction pipe 45 for sucking sodium hydroxide, oxygen, or the like is disposed at the center of the spray nozzle 43. Since the central portion of the injection nozzle 43 has a negative pressure, sodium hydroxide, air, oxygen, or the like can be sucked.

Air, oxygen, sodium hydroxide, potassium silicate aqueous solution, water glass (sodium silicate aqueous solution) and the like from the suction pipe 45 are supplied. These necessary chemicals are supplied only at a desired supply amount ratio or set time by a metering pump or the like. Further, when a jet is jetted, adhering vortices, which are low-pressure vortices, are generated at the eight corners of the jet generating chamber 44 by the Coanda effect. By generating a jet flow accompanied by vortex flow in this way, bubbles such as oxygen and chemicals can be refined by cavitation and the like, and the dissolved oxygen concentration is increased. Further, sodium hydroxide is added and neutralized. . By these jets, adhering vortices, etc., there is a function of uniformly mixing and stirring the breeding seawater and gas such as oxygen, and habitat water and sodium hydroxide. When sodium hydroxide is added to the breeding seawater, carbon dioxide in the breeding seawater decreases due to a reaction such as the following formula.
[Chemical 1]
2NaOH + CO ₂ → Na ₂ CO ₃ + H ₂ O

Along with such a reaction, the jet flow containing bubbles refined in the internal space V is discharged from the discharge pipe 46 into the open tank 50. Ammonia discharged from fish and shellfish is known to affect the respiratory organs of fish and shellfish, causing a decrease in hemoglobin and hematocrit values. Therefore, it is necessary to remove this as much as possible. is there. Ammonia in water takes two forms, dissociable (NH ₄ ⁺ ) and non-dissociable (NH ₃ ), and each amount is in equilibrium at a constant temperature and pressure. Non-dissociative ammonia is known to harm biological nerves and respiratory organs and must be reduced as much as possible. If the pH value of the breeding seawater rises (if [H ⁺ ] is decreased), or if the water temperature is raised, the dissolution rate of ammonia decreases, and the dissolved non-dissociated ammonia increases.

Increasing the pH value by adding the above-mentioned sodium hydroxide to the breeding seawater can lower the dissolved rate of carbon dioxide, but increases the non-dissociable ammonia by the next reaction.
[Chemical formula 2]
NH ₄ ⁺ + NaOH → NH ₃ + H ₂ O
Therefore, it is preferable to remove non-dissociable ammonia in the breeding seawater as ammonia gas. The open tank 50 is a tank mainly for evaporating this ammonia, and the upper part is opened. A wire mesh 51 is disposed at the bottom of the tank 50. An air extraction pipe 53 connected to an air supply pipe 52 for supplying a large amount of air from an air pump is disposed on the metal mesh 51.

  The air extraction pipe 53 has a large number of nozzles, and air is ejected from these nozzles. A large amount of air is spouted from the bottom by the air extraction pipe 53 in the open tank 50 to aerate the breeding seawater in the tank. Due to the cavitation action of the jet flow generating device 40, ammonia has a low boiling point, so it easily vaporizes and is released into the air by being included in bubbles by aeration. As a result, the ammonia concentration in the breeding seawater decreases. A drain pipe 54 is connected to the bottom surface of the open tank 50, and the breeding seawater to which sodium hydroxide has been added and from which the animonia has been removed is drained. The breeding seawater discharged from the drain pipe 54 of the open tank 50 is supplied to the breeding tank 1 as it is and circulated. The technical meaning of supplying a potassium silicate aqueous solution and water glass (sodium silicate aqueous solution) will be described later.

[Microbial filtration tank 5]
The microorganism filtration tank 5 mainly utilizes aerobic microorganisms to oxidize and decompose organic matter such as abalone excreta contained in seawater mainly by aerobic nitrifying bacteria. Since the outline of this structure and function has been described above and is a known technique (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-118676), the description thereof will be omitted. The breeding seawater treated in the microorganism filtration tank 5 is sent to the breeding seawater supply pipe 59 of the algal cultivation apparatus 4.

[Algae cultivation device 4]
FIG. 8 is an algal cultivation apparatus for artificially cultivating and cultivating green algae. The algae cultivation device 4 is a culture device for artificially cultivating and cultivating green algae in a broad sense such as Aosa. Algae culture apparatus 4 is an aquaculture system for aquaculture artificially cultivated lettuce in this example, carbon dioxide (CO ₂₎ generated in the breeding of abalone, nitrate nitrogen (NO ₃ -N), phosphoric acid The state phosphorus (PO ₄ -P) is absorbed, and oxygen (O ₂ ) generated by photosynthesis in Aosa is dissolved in seawater. The transparent water tank 60 of the algae cultivation apparatus 4 is a tank made of a transparent material such as acrylic, and the upper part is open. A wire mesh 61 is disposed at the bottom of the water tank 60. The wire net 61 is provided with an air extraction pipe 65 connected to an air supply pipe 63 for supplying air from the air pump 62.

The air extraction pipe 65 has a large number of nozzles, and air is ejected from these nozzles. A large amount of air is ejected from the bottom by the air extraction pipe 65 in the aquarium 60 to aerate the breeding seawater in the transparent aquarium 60. The installation stand 66 on which the transparent water tank 60 is installed has a reflection plate such as an aluminum plate that reflects light on the upper surface. In the transparent water tank 60, Aosa 67 is cultured in this example. On the upper part of the transparent water tank 60, a lighting fixture 68 made of LEDs is arranged. Since the transparent aquarium 60 is made of a transparent material, the Aosa 67 receives sunlight and light from the lighting fixture 69, and receives carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ), nitrate nitrogen ( NO ₃ -N), phosphoric acid phosphorus (PO ₄ -P), etc. are absorbed, and Aosa dissolves oxygen (O ₂ ) generated by photosynthesis in seawater.

  A bar 68 is stretched over the upper surface of the water tank 60, and a fertilizer bag 70 is suspended from the bar 68. In the fertilizer bag 70, potassium silicate used in the fertilizer for agriculture in this example is placed. Potassium silicate is added for the growth of unicellular diatoms, and the diatoms that grow unicellular diatoms on the abalone dressing plate 15 and the like are propagated by this silicon (Si). Not only potassium silicate but water glass (aqueous solution of sodium silicate) may be used. The diatoms generated in this breeding seawater serve as abalone food and become an effective nutrient for the formation of the crust. A drain pipe 71 is connected to the bottom of the transparent water tank 60, and the breeding seawater in the transparent water tank 60 is drained. The drained breeding seawater is sent to the breeding tank 1 again.

[Others]
The aquarium body 12 described above is made of synthetic resin such as FRP, but it may be made of concrete and may have a structure in which about 1/2 of the height is embedded in the ground. Adopting this structure has the advantage that geothermal heat can be used effectively. Moreover, since concrete is excellent in heat storage, temperature change is prevented and underground heat can be used effectively. In the above-described embodiment, the device to be operated is changed by switching the manual on-off valve 9 and the manual on-off valve 10 at night and during the day. However, when the seawater is severely deteriorated and contaminated, all the devices described above may be operated.

[All systems]
As described above, there is a strong correlation between the concentration of ammonia nitrogen in water and the amount of oxygen consumed by abalone, and this reduction in oxygen consumption means that the activity of ego abalone is reduced. This system was able to significantly reduce ammonia nitrogen (ammonia nitrogen) derived from abalone manure and the like. Also, the amount of dissolved oxygen could be increased. In addition, since a silicon (Si) component such as potassium silicate was added in order to proliferate unicellular diatoms, abalone shells were well formed. In addition, abalone farming using this system circulates and uses most of the breeding seawater, so there is no need to change the breeding seawater for a long period of time, so no stress is applied to the abalone.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Breeding tank 2 ... Cyclone type waste collection apparatus 3 ... Activation apparatus 4 ... Algae cultivation apparatus 5 ... Microbial filtration tank 12 ... Aquarium body 14 ... Aquaculture space 15 ... Abalone growth plate 19 ... Drainage space 21 ... Water level pipe 24 ... Foreign matter Discharge space 31 ... swirl tank 40 ... jet generating device 43 ... jet nozzle 44 ... jet generating chamber 50 ... open tank 60 ... transparent water tank 69 ... lighting fixture 70 ... fertilizer bag

Claims (6)

In the abalone culture method, where abalone is cultivated on land with circulating breeding seawater,
After separating the solid matter in the breeding seawater discharged from the breeding tank for abalone cultivation,
Mainly using aerobic microorganisms, oxidative degradation of organic matter contained in the breeding seawater by nitrifying bacteria,
By diatoms generated in the breeding seawater, the components in the breeding seawater effective for the growth of the diatoms are absorbed and cultivated by photosynthesis ,
When the breeding seawater is sprayed from a nozzle that generates cavitation in a partitioned space, at least one selected from a chemical solution, oxygen, and air is used in the breeding seawater, and silicic acid for causing the diatoms to proliferate A method for cultivating abalone , wherein potassium or sodium silicate aqueous solution is added and dissolved in the breeding seawater . The abalone culture method according to claim 1 ,
In order to remove the ammonia of the breeding seawater, after the breeding seawater by injection to generate cavitation from the nozzles, to remove the ammonia by blowing air to vaporize the air to the breeding seawater Abalone culture method characterized. Oite the method of cultivating abalone according to claim 2,
Separation of the solid matter is to generate a swirling flow in the breeding seawater discharged from the breeding tank, and to perform foreign matter separation by a cyclone to remove the solid foreign matter by centrifugal force and gravity,
The growth of the diatoms is the irradiation of sunlight and / or artificial light to grow the diatoms ,
An abalone culture method characterized by using a microorganism filtration tank that blows air into the breeding seawater and utilizes an aerobic microorganism contained in the seawater to oxidatively decompose organic matter with nitrifying bacteria. A breeding tank that is a tank containing breeding seawater for abalone farming,
A solid foreign material recovery device that is a device for separating solids in the breeding seawater;
A microorganism filtration tank that mainly uses aerobic microorganisms to oxidize and decompose organic matter contained in the breeding seawater with nitrifying bacteria;
Algae cultivation device for absorbing and cultivating the components in the breeding seawater effective for the growth of the diatoms by photosynthesis by the diatoms generated in the breeding seawater;
An activation device for activating the breeding seawater by blowing and dissolving one or more selected from medicinal solution, oxygen and air into the breeding seawater
Abalone farming system consisting of
The activation device comprises:
The breeding seawater, when ejected from the nozzle causing cavitation compartmented space, the chemical in the breeding seawater, oxygen, and one or more selected from the air, and potassium silicate in order to flourish the diatoms An abalone comprising: a jet generating device for adding an aqueous sodium silicate solution to dissolve in the breeding seawater ; and an open tank for blowing air into the breeding seawater discharged from the jet generating device to vaporize ammonia in the breeding seawater. Aquaculture system. The abalone culture system according to claim 4 ,
The abalone culture system is characterized in that the solid foreign matter collecting device is of a cyclone type that separates solid matter in the breeding seawater by centrifugal force. The abalone culture system according to claim 4 ,
In order to discharge the solid matter from the breeding tank, a double pipe composed of an outer pipe and a discharge pipe is arranged in the breeding tank, and the bottom of the outer pipe of the double pipe is opened on the bottom side of the breeding tank. Abalone culture system, wherein air is blown into a gap between the outer pipe and the discharge pipe, and solids on the bottom surface of the water tank are floated by the air and discharged from the upper surface of the discharge pipe. .

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