JP2016208890A - Abalone culturing method and system for same - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a culture system enabling abalones to intake diatom required for crust formation, which is essential for the abalones, and capable of reducing an exchange frequency of a rearing water and reducing carbon dioxide, nitrate nitrogen, and the like in a rearing tank.SOLUTION: The abalone culture system comprises a rearing tank 2 as a water tank for culturing abalones, a solid-foreign matter recovery device 2 for separating solid substances in the rearing water by cyclone, a cyclone-type dirt collection device 4, an activation device 5 for blowing a drug solution, oxygen, air, and the like into the rearing water, an algae cultivation device 7 for cultivating algae by allowing the algae to absorb components in the rearing water through photosynthesis, a heat exchange pipe 9 for heating or cooling the rearing water with underground heat, and a microorganism filtration tank 1 for decomposing organic substances with the microorganism. An aqueous solution and the like of potassium silicate or sodium silicate is mixed into the rearing water by a cavitation action in order to allow the diatom, essential for the crust growth of the abalones, to thickly grow.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to an abalone culture method and system. More specifically, the present invention relates to an abalone cultivation method and system capable of efficiently producing abalone while maintaining good water quality as a growth environment for abalone growth.

  Abalone is cultivated on land, and various devices for this have been proposed (Patent Documents 1 and 2). The thing of patent document 1 arrange | positions the shelter (adhesion board to which abalone adhere | attaches) which guides the breeding seawater which is breeding water concentrically, arranges a foreign object with breeding seawater from the center bottom by rotating seawater. It discharges and keeps water quality. The thing of patent document 2 circulates the water storage in a breeding tank between the breeding tank and the filter tank in which the filter medium containing the mineral content is accommodated, and activates aerobic bacteria with the mineral content of the filter medium. It is to become.

  On the other hand, in the report of the growth of Ezo abalone, when the seawater temperature is 26 ° C. or higher, the oxygen consumption is lower than 24 ° C., and the ammonia nitrogen derived from the excrement of organisms as a seawater contamination index (Ammonia nitrogen) is used, but when this value exceeds 10 μg-atoms / L, there is a report that the oxygen consumption is rapidly reduced in the breeding seawater (Non-patent Document 1). That is, there is a strong correlation between the concentration of ammonia nitrogen in water and the amount of oxygen consumed by abalone, and this reduction in oxygen consumption means that the activity of Ezo abalone is reduced. In order to lower the water temperature, it is only necessary to cool the breeding seawater with a cooling device, but the energy consumption increases, and it is not easy to remove ammonia nitrogen. There is a limit to purify the breeding seawater with the apparatus proposed as described above. In particular, in the summer when the seawater temperature rises, abalone killing during cultivation is inevitable to some extent.

  In abalone aquaculture equipment, it has also been proposed to make chlorine by electrolysis, make it easy to decompose organic matter with the oxidizing power of hypochlorous acid in water in which this chlorine gas is dissolved, and decompose this by microbial filtration (Patent Document 5). However, it is difficult to handle chlorine gas and hypochlorous acid known as poisons. Moreover, the method of replacing | exchanging fresh seawater frequently is also employ | adopted, for example, all the breeding seawater is replaced at intervals of once every four days in the low water temperature period, and once every two days in the high water temperature period. This method of frequently replacing seawater causes problems such as loss of pump energy for water supply and drainage, energy loss due to discharge of cooling seawater, and marine pollution.

  Furthermore, this replacement of seawater causes a large stress on the abalone during breeding due to the temperature difference between the fresh seawater temperature and a sudden change in water quality. It is better to replace it. On the other hand, the present inventor has proposed an apparatus for activating seafood inhabitants for supplying sodium hydroxide from a chemical solution injector at the same time as supplying oxygen to the breeding seawater to prevent a decrease in pH value. This prevents accumulation of carbon dioxide in the breeding seawater. However, even if this apparatus is applied to abalone as it is, the amount of dissolved oxygen can be increased, but ammonia nitrogen cannot be removed, so the optimum environment for abalone is not necessarily obtained.

  Method of generating ideal phytoplankton and brown plankton by adjusting the generation of brown plankton or green phytoplankton in breeding seawater, which is important as food, in the culture of prawns by adjusting nitrogen concentration and phosphate concentration Has been proposed (Patent Document 4). On the other hand, in order to promote the cultivation of algae such as sea grapes, the essential nutrients essential for the growth of algae, by keeping the temperature constant, irradiating light with controlled wavelength, dissolving oxygen-containing air or nitrogen gas Etc. have also been proposed (Patent Document 6). However, all of the proposed ones have different purposes and are not immediately applicable to the improvement of abalone breeding seawater of the present invention.

JP 2004-329042 A JP 2002-119169 A JP 2004-159558 A JP-A-8-154664 Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2015-61513 WO2005 / 102031

"Environmental conditions affecting the growth of Ezo abalone" Tohoku Fisheries Research Institute Bulletin 21

The present invention has been invented with the above technical background, and achieves the following object.
An object of the present invention is to provide an abalone culture method and an aquaculture system that allow the abalone to efficiently consume the nutrients necessary for abalone.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an abalone culture method and an aquaculture system capable of reducing the frequency of rearing seawater.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide an abalone culture method and an aquaculture system that consume less energy for heating or cooling the breeding seawater.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide an abalone culture method and culture system that can reduce the content of carbon dioxide, nitrate nitrogen, phosphate phosphorus, and the like derived from organic matter such as feces and residual food in the breeding seawater. It is to provide.

The present invention employs the following means to achieve the above object.
The abalone culture method of the present invention 1
A microorganism filtration tank that mainly utilizes aerobic microorganisms and oxidatively decomposes organic matter contained in the breeding water with nitrifying bacteria,
A tank containing the breeding water, a breeding tank for inhabiting and culturing abalone;
A solid foreign matter recovery device for separating the solid matter in the breeding water,
In the abalone aquaculture system on land used by circulating part or all of the growing water in the microorganism filtration tank, the breeding tank, and the solid foreign matter collecting apparatus,
In the breeding water, oxygen or air, and a chemical solution for modifying the breeding water are dissolved in the breeding water to activate the breeding water, and / or the green algae are immersed in the breeding water, The green algae is cultivated by irradiating green algae with light to absorb components in the breeding water effective for growth.

The abalone culturing method of the present invention 2 is characterized in that, in the abalone culturing method of the present invention 1, the chemical solution is one in which potassium silicate and / or sodium silicate aqueous solution is added to the breeding water.
The abalone culturing method of the present invention 3 is the abalone culturing method of the present invention 1 or 2,
In the activation, in the jet generation chamber having a closed rectangular space, the pressurized breeding water is ejected from the nozzle to generate cavitation, and the breeding water is mixed with the oxygen or air and the chemical solution. Is,
The heating or cooling of the breeding water is characterized by utilizing underground heat or cold through a ground heat exchange pipe buried in the ground.

The abalone culturing method of the present invention 4 is the abalone culturing method of the present invention 1 or 2,
Separation of the solid matter is to generate a swirling flow in the breeding water discharged from the breeding tank, and to separate the solid matter by centrifugal force and gravity,
The growth of the green algae is cultivating the green algae by irradiating sunlight and / or artificial light,
An abalone dressing plate to which abalone adheres is disposed in the breeding tank, and artificial light is irradiated on the abalone dressing plate to generate diatoms on the abalone dressing plate.

The abalone farming system of the present invention 1
A microorganism filtration tank that mainly utilizes aerobic microorganisms and oxidatively decomposes organic matter contained in the breeding water with nitrifying bacteria,
A tank containing the breeding water, a breeding tank for inhabiting and culturing abalone;
A solid foreign matter recovery device for separating the solid matter in the breeding water,
In the abalone aquaculture system on land used by circulating part or all of the growing water in the microorganism filtration tank, the breeding tank, and the solid foreign matter collecting apparatus,
In the breeding water, oxygen or air and a chemical solution for modifying the breeding water are blown and dissolved, and an activation device for activating the breeding water and / or green algae immersed in the breeding water It consists of an algal cultivation apparatus for cultivating the green algae by irradiating light and absorbing the components in the breeding water effective for the growth of the green algae by photosynthesis.

The abalone culture system of the present invention 2 is the abalone culture system of the present invention 1,
In order to heat or cool the breeding water supplied to the breeding tank, it has an underground heat exchange pipe buried in the ground so as to use the underground heat or cold through the breeding water. Features.

The abalone culture system of the present invention 3 is the abalone culture system of the present invention 1 or 2,
The activation device generates cavitation by jetting the pressurized breeding water from a nozzle into a jet generating chamber having a closed rectangular space, and mixing the breeding water with the oxygen or air and the chemical solution Is what
In the algae cultivation apparatus, the green algae is grown by irradiating sunlight and / or artificial light for the growth of the green algae,
An abalone dressing plate on which abalone adheres is disposed in the breeding tank, and an artificial light for irradiating the abalone dressing plate with artificial light to generate diatoms on the abalone dressing plate is provided.

The abalone culture system of the present invention 4 is the abalone culture system of the present invention 3,
The main flow of the breeding water is circulated in the order of the microorganism filtration tank, the breeding tank, the solid foreign material recovery device, the activation device, the algae cultivation device, and the underground heat exchange pipe. And

  The abalone culturing method and the aquaculture system of the present invention are capable of efficiently ingesting the nutrients necessary for abalone, reducing the frequency of replacement of cultivated seawater, organic matter such as feces and residual food in cultivated seawater. The content of harmful ammonia, carbon dioxide, nitrate nitrogen, phosphate phosphorus, etc. derived from the origin can be lowered, and the temperature of the breeding seawater can be optimally maintained.

FIG. 1 is a plan view showing the outline of the abalone culture system of the present invention. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the drainage space of the breeding tank. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a swirl tank of a cyclone-type waste collection apparatus, an activation tank of an activation apparatus, and an algae cultivation tank of an algae cultivation apparatus. FIG. 5 is a partial cross-sectional view of the activation device.

[Outline of abalone farming system]
The outline of the abalone culture system of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a plan view showing the outline of the abalone culture system of the present invention. Seawater from this coast is pumped up to a water storage tank (not shown) and stored. Seawater sent from the pump is pumped and stored in a water storage tank by a float valve (not shown), which is a well-known technique, so that the water level is always constant in the water storage tank.

  Seawater, which is breeding water, is put in the water tank. This seawater is as deep as possible near the coast and has a seasonal seawater temperature with little variation. In addition, in the water tank, a heat insulating material is affixed to the tank wall and ceiling in order to avoid the influence of the temperature of the stored seawater from the outside air. Seawater pumped from the coast contains foreign matter such as barnacle eggs harmful to breeding water, harmful plankton, etc., and the water removed by the filter is stored. A manual on-off valve is arranged at the bottom of the water storage tank. Normally, the stored seawater is always distributed to the microorganism filtration tank 1 by adjusting the opening of the on-off valve.

  The opening degree of the on-off valve is determined as follows. For example, when it is set so that all the breeding waters are exchanged in 10 cycles per day, new seawater is distributed in an amount that adds about 10% of the circulating water within the time required for one cycle. Depending on the seawater temperature, the state of seawater such as microorganisms, the weather, etc., the system distributes about 5 to 20% of new seawater under the above conditions. Since this new distribution of seawater increases the amount of breeding water that is circulated, it is necessary to remove the excess from the discharge gate 52 of the activation tank 51 and the on-off valve 43 (see FIG. 4) of the cyclone-type waste collection device 4 described later. Seawater overflows and is discarded.

  The microbial filtration tank 1 oxidizes and decomposes organic substances such as abalone feces and residual food contained in seawater mainly using aerobic nitrifying bacteria. Seawater filtered in the microorganism filtration tank 1 is supplied in a flow utilizing the difference in water level to breeding water for culturing abalone. The breeding tank 2 is a tank for breeding filled with seawater for cultivating abalone, and the abalone is raised on an abalone dressing plate 25 which is a shelf arranged in the tank. The breeding water in the breeding tank 2 is discharged from the drain outlet at the bottom of the breeding tank 1 together with the remaining food, feces and the like. The discharged breeding water is naturally discharged into the adjustment tank 3 by a drop. The adjustment tank 3 has a function of temporarily storing breeding water and keeping the flow constant, and a filter function of filtering solid matter such as residual food and feces. The breeding water flowing out of the adjustment tank 3 branches in two directions, and one of the diversions is sent to the cyclone-type waste collection device 4. As its principle is known, the cyclone-type waste collection device 4 is a device for separating solids in the breeding water by centrifugal force caused by a swirling flow.

The other branch of the breeding water flowing out from the adjustment tank 3 is sent to the activation tank 5. The activation tank 5 is for finely dissolving air or oxygen and an aqueous solution of silicon sodium, which is water glass, by a cavitation action and dissolving it in the breeding water. Furthermore, the fertilizer for agriculture which can be used as a food additive is added to the breeding water in the activation tank 5. The breeding water from the activation tank 5 is sent to the algal cultivation apparatus 4. The algae cultivation device 7 is a cultivation device for artificially cultivating and cultivating green algae such as Aosa which has a strong breeding ability mainly in a high water temperature period. NO ₃ -N), phosphate phosphorus (PO ₄ -P), nutrient salts in breeding water, etc. are taken in and absorbed as nutrients. The breeding water discharged from the algal cultivation device 7 flows to the circulation pump 8. The circulation pump 8 pressurizes the breeding water and sends it to a polyethylene heat exchange pipe 9 buried in the ground. The breeding water is heat-exchanged to near the temperature in the ground and returned to the microorganism filtration tank 2. The temperature controller 10 takes water from the microorganism filtration tank 2, controls the breeding water to the set temperature, and then returns it to the microorganism filtration tank 2, and does not always operate. Hereinafter, the individual devices constituting the abalone culture system will be described in detail.

[Microbial filtration tank 1]
The microorganism filtration tank 1 oxidizes and decomposes organic matter such as abalone excreta contained in seawater mainly using aerobic nitrifying bacteria. In this example, a long-fiber nonwoven fabric made of rice husk and water-permeable synthetic fibers is laminated, and a water flow space for water flow is sandwiched between them in a sandwich shape. Microorganisms such as aerobic nitrifying bacteria adhering to the long-fiber non-woven fabric decompose abalone excrement and residual food. An example of the microorganism filtration tank 1 is the invention of the inventor of the present invention, but since it is a known technique, a detailed description thereof is omitted (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-118676). However, it is not always necessary to use the structure and function as long as the nitrifying bacteria work effectively.

Organic matter generated by abalone breeding is treated with aerobic bacteria, bacteria, etc. in the long-fiber nonwoven fabric layer of the microorganism filtration tank 1, and carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ), nitrate nitrogen (NO ₃ -N), phosphate Decomposed into phosphorus (PO ₄ -P) and the like. In order to promote the activity of aerobic bacteria and bacteria, it is recommended to perform aeration by dissolving air and oxygen in the breeding water as necessary. The breeding water in the microorganism filtration tank 1 branches from the breeding water supply tank 11 connected to the lower part to each breeding tank 2. Furthermore, the branched breeding water supply rod 11 has a discharge pipe 12 branched in each of two directions. The discharge pipe 12 is arranged along the bottom surface 22 in the longitudinal direction of the breeding tank 2 (see FIG. 2). A plurality of through holes are formed at regular intervals in the longitudinal direction of the discharge pipe 12, and breeding water is ejected 13 from the through holes. By this spout 13 of breeding water, residual food, feces and the like accumulated on the bottom surface 22 can be flowed in the direction of the drain pipe 18. In addition, the breeding water purified through the spout 13 and the cavitation action generated along with the spout 13 are spread over the two aquaculture spaces 24 evenly.

[Raising tank 2]
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the breeding tank 2 cut along line AA in FIG. The breeding tank 2 is a partitioned space, in which seawater is placed to breed abalone. The aquarium body 21 of the breeding tank 2 is made of FRP, acrylic board, etc. in this example, and as shown in FIG. And the upper surface is open. In this example, the water tank body 21 is a space partitioned into four spaces by the partition wall 23, that is, two rectangular spaces and two semi-cylinders. However, the partition wall 23 in the semi-cylindrical portion does not extend to the bottom surface of the water tank main body 21 (see FIG. 2), so these four spaces are not completely partitioned. For this reason, the breeding water flows freely in the lower part of the aquarium body 21. Two partitioned rectangular spaces located in the center of the aquarium body 21 are aquaculture spaces 24 for abalone aquaculture. In the aquaculture space 24, a plurality of abalone dressing plates 25 made of plate materials are arranged in a stacked manner.

  In this example, the abalone dressing plate 25 is suitable for the characteristics of black candy among abalone. In this example, it is made of fiber reinforced plastic, diatomaceous earth, cement, etc., because abalone can move freely, it has a space to be fed seaweed, it can be easily cleaned, etc. There is no outer wall, and a plurality of plates are laminated with gaps, and this plate-like body is structured in a cross-beam shape. The abalone dressing plate 25 having this structure is known in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-129606, and the details thereof are omitted. In this example, two abalone planting plates 25 are stacked on the top and bottom, a total of 12 are installed in one aquaculture space 24, and a total of 24 are installed in two aquaculture spaces 24. it can. The abalone dressing 25 is installed on a net-like bottom plate (not shown) having a plurality of through holes.

  For this reason, a bottom space which is a flat space is formed between the bottom plate and the bottom surface of the water tank body 21. In addition, air pipes (not shown) for supplying air to the aquaculture water in the aquaculture space 24 are laid on the bottom surface 22 of the bottom space at the corners on both sides of one aquaculture space 24. The air pipe performs aeration by disposing outlets at a plurality of locations on the bottom surface so that the air is evenly distributed over the seawater in the culture space 24. Aeration is a method in which air is sent into water, bubbles are formed and water is mixed, and air is dissolved in water. Abalone in sea water can breathe with this oxygen in the air. Furthermore, by aeration arranged at the corners on both sides of the aquaculture space 24, the aquaculture water in the aquaculture space 24 causes convection and is uniformly agitated.

(Drainage space 15)
A drainage space 15 is disposed at one end of the breeding tank 2. FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the drainage space 15 part of the breeding tank 2. As shown in the cross-sectional view of FIG. 3, a water level pipe 16 having a lower end fixed to the water tank body 21 is disposed in the vertical direction in the drainage space 15 disposed at one end of the water tank body 21. Inside the water level pipe 16, a drain pipe 18 is disposed concentrically with the center line of the water level pipe 16. There is a step S between the upper end of the water level pipe 16 and the upper end of the drain pipe 18. When the water level of the water tank body 21 is higher than the upper end surface of the water level pipe 16, the breeding water flows also from the upper surface of the water level pipe 16. When the water level of the water tank main body 21 is lower than the upper end surface of the water level pipe 16, the breeding water is drained through the foreign matter discharge space 19.

  A flange 17 parallel to the bottom surface 22 of the tank body 21 is integrally formed at the lower part of the water level pipe 16. A cylindrical and annular foreign matter discharge space 19 is formed between the inner diameter of the water level pipe 16 and the drain pipe 18. The foreign matter discharge space 19 is used to float the foreign matter 19 made of solid matter, semi-solid matter, etc. deposited on the bottom of the tank body 21 by aeration, and discharge it from the opening at the upper end of the drain pipe 18. It is space. The principle of discharging the foreign matter 19 is a kind of air lift pump. The reason why the flange 17 is provided in the lower part of the water level pipe 16 is to promote the discharge of solid or semi-solid foreign matter 19 such as feces and residual food deposited on the bottom of the tank body 21. Usually, the breeding water passes through the foreign matter discharge space 19 from the vicinity of the bottom surface 22 of the tank body 21 and discharges foreign matter from the drain pipe 18 together with the foreign matter.

  At this time, the breeding water to be drained has a narrow space between the flange 17 and the bottom surface 22 of the tank main body 21, so that the flow velocity is increased at the position of the flange 17. Due to the dynamic pressure of this flow, discharge of the foreign matter 19 can be promoted. Since the water level of the breeding tank 2 is higher than that of the microorganism filtration tank 1 by the circulation pump 8, the water level does not fall below the water level at the upper end of the drain pipe 18. That is, the foreign matter 19 sucked together with the breeding water near the flange 17 flows into the foreign matter discharge space 19. Since air is supplied from the air pipe 20 into the foreign matter discharge space 19, the foreign matter 19 is lifted together with the breeding water by a kind of air lift pump, floats above the drain pipe 18, and is discharged from the drain pipe 18. Is done.

(LED lighting device)
An LED lighting device (not shown) is disposed on the upper part of the breeding tank 2. The LED lighting device should be as close to daylight as possible. The LED lighting device is for mainly breeding diatoms on the surface of the abalone dressing plate 25, breeding water, and the like. Diatoms are photo-synthesized and proliferated with nutrients for breeding water. This diatom will be the food for abalone during cultivation and will create a strong shell. In order to propagate diatoms efficiently, water glass (aqueous solution of sodium silicate) refined by a cavitation action or the like is mixed in this embodiment as described later.

[Adjustment tank 3]
The adjustment tank 3 has a rectangular body 31 having an open top, temporarily stores breeding water discharged from each breeding tank 2, and adjusts the flow rate. The breeding water discharged from the drain pipe 18 of each breeding tank 2 flows into the adjustment tank 3. Since the water level of the adjustment tank 3 is below the upper surface of the drainage pipe 18 of the breeding tank 2, the breeding water is poured from the breeding tank 2 to the adjustment tank 3 on the principle of siphon (see FIG. 1). In the adjustment tank 3, a bowl-shaped filter 32 having an open upper surface and stretched on a bowl-shaped container is disposed. The rod-shaped filter 32 is for filtering solid matter such as residual food and feces in the breeding water sent from the breeding tank 2. The solid matter in the bowl-shaped filter 32 is periodically cleaned and removed manually. The breeding water in the adjustment tank 3 is diverted to the cyclone type waste collection device 4 and the activation tank 5 and sent. As shown in FIG. 1, a discharge pipe 33 is attached to the main body 31 of the adjustment tank 3, and one of the diversions is bred to the cyclone-type waste collection device 4 through an on-off valve 34 connected to the discharge pipe 33. Water is sent. The other branch flow is sent to the activation tank 51 by a connecting pipe 35 provided in the main body 31 of the adjustment tank 3.

[Cyclone type waste collection device 4]
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the swirl tank 41 of the cyclone-type waste collection device 4, the activation tank 51 of the activation device 5, and the algae cultivation tank 71 of the algae cultivation device 7. What is shown at the left end of FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the swirl tank 41 of the cyclone waste collection apparatus 4. The cyclone-type filth collecting device 4 is a device for separating solids such as feces and residual food in the breeding water by centrifugal force due to the swirling flow. The breeding water supplied from the adjustment tank 3 is supplied to a cylindrical swirl tank 41. At this time, the discharge direction of the breeding water from the discharge pipe 33 of the adjustment tank 3 is set toward the tangential direction of the outer peripheral surface of the swirl tank 41 (see FIG. 1). Accordingly, the semi-solid or solid foreign matter 46 having a large specific gravity in the supplied breeding water is driven onto the inner peripheral surface 42 of the swirl tank 41 by centrifugal force, and the inner periphery of the swirl tank 41 by the resultant force of centrifugal force and gravity. Along the surface 42, it spirally turns and falls.

  Finally, the foreign matter 46 is deposited at the center of the bottom portion of the swirl tank 41 by the upper and lower secondary flows. A water level pipe 47 whose lower end is fixed to the swirl tank 41 is disposed in the center of the swirl tank 41 in the vertical direction. Inside the water level pipe 47, a drain pipe 48 is arranged concentrically with the center line of the water level pipe 47. A flange that is substantially parallel to the bottom surface of the swirl tank 41 is formed integrally with the lower portion of the water level pipe 47. A cylindrical and annular foreign matter discharge space 49 is formed between the inner diameter of the water level pipe 47 and the drain pipe 48. The structure and function of the water level pipe 41 and the drain pipe 48 (water level function, discharge of the foreign matter 46) are the same as those of the drainage space 15 of the breeding tank 21 described above, and a detailed description thereof is omitted. To do.

  The foreign matter 46 accumulated on the bottom is discharged through the on-off valve 43. In the normal operation, the on-off valve 43 is opened. However, since it is not always necessary to open it, a method of periodically opening it may be used. The discharged foreign matter such as abalone feces can be used as sea cucumber food, just like the natural world. A discharge pipe 44 is disposed at the center of the swirl tank 41. The breeding water that has come out of the discharge pipe 44 is supplied to the activation tank 5 via the on-off valve 45.

[Activator 5]
FIG. 4 shows a cross-sectional view of the activation tank 51 of the activation device 5. The activation device 5 is for optimizing the breeding water so as to be optimum for abalone breeding. Specifically, water glass (sodium silicate aqueous solution), potassium silicate, and other necessary ingredients are replenished to the breeding water. Sodium hydroxide is dissolved in the breeding water to increase the pH value and reduce the concentration of carbon dioxide. Gasification of harmful ammonia and removal from seawater. In the breeding water, carbon dioxide in the breeding water increases due to activities such as abalone and microorganisms, and the pH value decreases. Furthermore, the amount of ammonia in the breeding water increases due to the waste produced by the abalone. It is preferable to remove these ammonia as much as possible. The activation device 5 is for raising the pH value of the breeding water, removing gasified ammonia and the like from the seawater, subdividing the introduced components into the breeding water, and dissolving them uniformly. In addition, it is the function estimated by the cavitation function of the activation apparatus 5, and it does not confirm directly that gasified ammonia escapes from cultured seawater directly.

  FIG. 5 is a partial cross-sectional view showing the jet flow generating device 60. The jet generating device 60 that forms the main part of the activation device 5 will be described. Details of the basic method and function for generating a jet are described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-563, etc., and are well-known techniques. Therefore, the detailed description is omitted, but the principle of jet generation uses the Coanda effect. This generates a squirt jet. In general, in hydraulic machines, cavitation should be avoided because it causes vibration, corrosion and breakage of materials. However, in this jet generating device 60, the oxygen concentration of the inhabiting water is actively improved and alkalinized. This phenomenon is utilized. In general, cavitation does not occur where Bernoulli's theorem holds. The above-mentioned Coanda effect refers to a phenomenon in which fluid is attracted to a wall, and in a jet, a water jet is attracted to a wall of a box-shaped internal space V to generate a vortex.

  The jet generation box 64 forming the base of the jet generation device 60 is a flat rectangular body in this example. It arrange | positions so that a longitudinal direction may become vertical. The breeding water taken from the activation tank 51 is pressurized (0.1 to 1.0 MPa) by the pump unit 61. The pressurized breeding water is supplied through a pipe 62 to an injection nozzle 63 provided in a jet generation box 64. The injection nozzle 63 is an annular space having a cylindrical cross section. A partitioned jet generation chamber 65 is formed inside the jet generation box 64. The internal space V of the jet generating chamber 65 is a flat three-dimensional box-like space, the general height of the space is H, the general width is W, and the length in the vertical (vertical) direction is Assuming that L1 is L1 and the effective diameter of the opening of the injection nozzle 63 is D1, as described above, the vortex generation conditions are D1 <H, W / H> 4, and H <L1. The jet stream ejected from the ejection nozzle 63 is ejected in the direction of the center line of the internal space V in the vertical direction, and cavitation occurs.

  A suction pipe 67 for sucking air, oxygen, or the like is disposed at the center of the injection nozzle 63. For example, when metering in sodium hydroxide, potassium silicate aqueous solution, or water glass (sodium silicate aqueous solution), the suction pipe 67 supplies a set amount from the chemical liquid tank 69 from the suction pipe 67 using a metering pump 68. To do. Since the central portion of the injection nozzle 63 has a negative pressure, water glass, air, oxygen, or the like can be sucked. In short, gas or liquid such as air or oxygen, sodium hydroxide, potassium silicate aqueous solution, water glass (sodium silicate aqueous solution), which is a component necessary for breeding water, is supplied from the suction pipe 63. These necessary drugs and the like are supplied by a metering pump 68 to supply a desired supply amount or only for a set time. Further, when a jet is jetted, adhering vortices, which are low-pressure vortices, are generated at the eight corners of the space V of the jet generating chamber 65 due to the Coanda effect.

By generating a jet flow accompanied by vortex flow in this way, bubbles such as oxygen, chemicals, and the like can be refined by the Coanda effect, cavitation, and the like, and the dissolved oxygen concentration is increased. By these jets, adhering vortices, etc., there is a function of uniformly mixing and stirring breeding water and gas such as oxygen, sodium hydroxide, potassium silicate aqueous solution, water glass (sodium silicate aqueous solution) and the like. In addition, the meaning which adds sodium hydroxide to breeding water reduces the carbon dioxide in breeding water by reaction like following Formula.
[Chemical 1]
2NaOH + CO ₂ → Na ₂ CO ₃ + H ₂ O

Along with such a reaction, a jet containing bubbles refined in the jet generating chamber 65 is blown into the activation tank 51 through the discharge pipe 66. Ammonia discharged from fish and shellfish is known to affect the respiratory organs of fish and shellfish, causing a decrease in hemoglobin and hematocrit values. Therefore, it is necessary to remove this as much as possible. is there. Ammonia in water takes two forms, dissociable (NH ₄ ⁺ ) and non-dissociable (NH ₃ ), and each amount is in equilibrium at a constant temperature and pressure. This non-dissociative ammonia is known to harm the nerves and respiratory organs of the organism and must be reduced as much as possible. If the pH value of the breeding water rises (if [H ⁺ ] is decreased), or the water temperature is raised, the dissolution rate of ammonia decreases, and dissolved non-dissociated ammonia increases.

Increasing the pH value by adding the above-mentioned sodium hydroxide to the breeding water can reduce the dissolved rate of carbon dioxide, but increases the non-dissociable ammonia by the next reaction.
[Chemical formula 2]
NH ₄ ⁺ + NaOH → NH ₃ + H ₂ O
Therefore, it is most preferable to remove non-dissociable ammonia in the breeding water as ammonia gas. An air supply pipe (not shown) for supplying a large amount of air from the air pump is disposed at the bottom of the activation tank 51, and the air discharge pipe has a number of nozzles. Erupt air from. A large amount of air is spouted from the bottom by the air extraction pipe in the activation tank 51 to aerate the breeding water in the activation tank 51. Due to the cavitation action of the jet flow generating device 50, ammonia has a low boiling point, so it easily vaporizes and is released into the air by being included in bubbles by aeration. As a result, the ammonia concentration in the breeding water will decrease.

  A discharge pipe 66 is connected to the bottom surface of the jet generating chamber 65, such as sodium hydroxide, potassium silicate (for example, Kori Premium Silicate 34 (developed fertilizer Co., Ltd. (Takehara head office: Takehara city, Hiroshima)), etc. It is possible to drain the breeding water from which the necessary components are added and from which the animonia gas is separated, and the reason for adding water glass (sodium silicate aqueous solution) is to increase the abalone in the breeding of the breeding water. When contained in density, the balance of minerals in the breeding water is lost, and in the case of abalone, which absorbs a lot of minerals from epidermal cells, shell formation is worse.In particular, according to the knowledge of the present inventor, it is different from growth in nature. Since there is no sand etc., silicon (Si) tends to be insufficient in terms of elements in breeding water.

  Due to the cavitation action of the jet generating device 60, the organic matter in the breeding water is decomposed into foam. This foam is an organic substance called a so-called wave flower. This wave and the amount of water exceeding the amount of water are drained from a discharge port 52 formed by cutting the activation tank 51 into a concave shape. The breeding water from the connection pipe 35 of the adjustment tank 3 flows into the bowl-shaped filter 53 with the upper part opened. The bowl-shaped filter 53 filters solid foreign matters in the breeding water. A bar 54 is bridged over the upper surface of the activation tank 51. A net-like fertilization bag 55 is suspended from the bar 54. The fertilizer application bag 55 is solid potassium silicate used for agriculture or the like in this example. However, when liquid potassium silicate is used, it may be supplied by the jet flow generator 60 simultaneously with the water glass.

[Algae cultivation device 7]
The algae cultivation apparatus 7 is for agitation of breeding water by air and culturing mainly green algae such as Aosa. The algae cultivation tank 71 of the algae cultivation apparatus 7 is connected to the activation tank 51 by a connection pipe 59. Therefore, the breeding water activated by the activation device 5 flows from the activation tank 51 through the connection pipe 59 to the algae cultivation tank 71 and is supplied. An algal cultivation basket 72 is immersed in the algal cultivation tank 71. The algal cultivation rod 72 is a rod for keeping green algae such as Aosa from flowing, and is a net rod having an open top but a net on six sides. Green algae such as Aosa are put in the algal cultivation basket 72 and are cultivated.

An LED lighting device 74 is disposed on the upper part of the algal cultivation tank 71. The LED illumination device 74 may be additionally used when the light of sunlight is weak during rainy weather or cloudy weather. The green algae 73 such as blue seaweed cultivated here are treated with aerobic bacteria, bacteria, etc. in the microorganism filtration tank 1 by organic matter generated by abalone rearing, and carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ), nitrate nitrogen (NO _3). -N), which is decomposed into phosphate phosphorus (PO ₄ -P). The green algae 73 absorbs excess nutrients in the breeding water, and the grown green algae 73 also serves as abalone food. In addition, the green algae 73 generates oxygen (O ₂ ) generated by photosynthesis and plays a role of dissolving it in the breeding water. In addition, green algae such as seaweed can also be used as abalone food, so that circulation-type aquaculture is possible. In addition, air may be supplied to the green algae 73 such as Aosa from an air pump in order to effectively dissolve oxygen produced by stirring and photosynthesis of the breeding water in the breeding water.

[Heat exchange pipe 9]
The heat exchange pipe 9 is arranged in a relatively shallow ground by being wound in a long oval shape. The breeding water is passed through the heat exchange pipe 9 to heat or cool the breeding water with underground heat. A drain pipe 75 is disposed at the bottom of the algal cultivation tank 71, and the discharge pipe 75 is connected to the circulation pump 73. The circulation pump 8 pressurizes breeding water and sends it to a polyethylene heat exchange pipe 9 buried in the ground. The heat exchange pipe 9 uses a pipe having a relatively large diameter to increase the convection time in the ground of the breeding water. The underground temperature is generally the average temperature in the area, so it can be used for warming breeding water in winter and for cooling in summer. The breeding water heated or cooled by the heat exchange pipe 9 is returned to the microorganism filtration tank 1 by the return pipe 91. The pumping capacity of the circulation pump 8 may be such that the total amount of seawater in the breeding tank 1 is circulated about 10 to 12 times / day.

[Others]
The aquarium body 21 described above is made of synthetic resin such as FRP. However, it may be made of concrete and may have a structure in which about 1/2 of the height is embedded in the ground. Adopting this structure has the advantage that geothermal heat can be used effectively. Moreover, since concrete is excellent in heat storage, temperature change is prevented and underground heat can be used effectively.

[All systems]
As described above, there is a strong correlation between the concentration of ammonia nitrogen in water and the amount of oxygen consumed by abalone, and this reduction in oxygen consumption means that the activity of ego abalone is reduced. This system was able to significantly reduce ammonia nitrogen (ammonia nitrogen) derived from abalone manure and the like. Also, the amount of dissolved oxygen could be increased. In addition, since a silicon (Si) component such as potassium silicate was added in order to proliferate unicellular diatoms, abalone shells were well formed. Furthermore, since abalone farming using this system circulates most of the breeding water, there is no need to change the breeding water for a long period of time, so no stress is applied to the abalone.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Microbial filtration tank 2 ... Breeding tank 3 ... Adjustment tank 4 ... Cyclone type waste collection device 5 ... Activation tank 7 ... Algae cultivation device 8 ... Circulation pump 9 ... Heat exchange pipe 10 ... Temperature controller 11 ... Breeding water supply tank 21 ... Water tank body 24 ... Aquaculture space 25 ... Abalone planting plate 15 ... Drain space 16 ... Water level pipe 41 ... Swivel tank 51 ... Activation tank 60 ... Jet generator 63 ... Jet nozzle 65 ... Jet generation room

Claims (8)

A microorganism filtration tank that mainly utilizes aerobic microorganisms and oxidatively decomposes organic matter contained in the breeding water with nitrifying bacteria,
A tank containing the breeding water, a breeding tank for inhabiting and culturing abalone;
A solid foreign matter recovery device for separating the solid matter in the breeding water,
In the abalone aquaculture system on land used by circulating part or all of the growing water in the microorganism filtration tank, the breeding tank, and the solid foreign matter collecting apparatus,
In the breeding water, oxygen or air, and a chemical solution for modifying the breeding water are dissolved in the breeding water to activate the breeding water, and / or the green algae are immersed in the breeding water, A method for cultivating abalone, comprising irradiating green algae with light to absorb the components in the breeding water effective for growth and cultivating the green algae. In claim 1,
The abalone culture method, wherein the medicinal solution is one in which potassium silicate and / or sodium silicate aqueous solution is added to the breeding water. In claim 1 or 2,
In the activation, in the jet generation chamber having a closed rectangular space, the pressurized breeding water is ejected from the nozzle to generate cavitation, and the breeding water is mixed with the oxygen or air and the chemical solution. Is,
Heating or cooling of the breeding water uses ground heat or cold through a ground heat exchange pipe buried in the ground. In claim 1 or 2,
Separation of the solid matter is to generate a swirling flow in the breeding water discharged from the breeding tank, and to separate the solid matter by centrifugal force and gravity,
The growth of the green algae is cultivating the green algae by irradiating sunlight and / or artificial light,
An abalone culturing method comprising arranging an abalone planting plate on which abalone adheres to the breeding tank, and irradiating the abalone planting plate with artificial light to generate diatoms on the abalone planting plate. A microorganism filtration tank that mainly utilizes aerobic microorganisms and oxidatively decomposes organic matter contained in the breeding water with nitrifying bacteria,
A tank containing the breeding water, a breeding tank for inhabiting and culturing abalone;
A solid foreign matter recovery device for separating the solid matter in the breeding water,
In the abalone aquaculture system on land used by circulating part or all of the growing water in the microorganism filtration tank, the breeding tank, and the solid foreign matter collecting apparatus,
In the breeding water, oxygen or air and a chemical solution for modifying the breeding water are blown and dissolved, and an activation device for activating the breeding water and / or green algae immersed in the breeding water An abalone culture system comprising: an algae cultivation apparatus for cultivating the green algae by irradiating light and absorbing the components in the breeding water effective for the growth of the green algae by photosynthesis. In claim 5,
In order to heat or cool the breeding water supplied to the breeding tank, it has an underground heat exchange pipe buried in the ground so as to use the underground heat or cold through the breeding water. Abalone aquaculture system that is characteristic. In claim 5 or 6,
The activation device generates cavitation by jetting the pressurized breeding water from a nozzle into a jet generating chamber having a closed rectangular space, and mixing the breeding water with the oxygen or air and the chemical solution Is what
In the algae cultivation apparatus, the green algae is grown by irradiating sunlight and / or artificial light for the growth of the green algae,
An abalone culturing system comprising an abalone planting plate on which abalone adheres to the breeding tank, and an artificial light for irradiating the abalone planting plate with artificial light to generate diatoms on the abalone planting plate. system. In claim 7,
The main flow of the breeding water is circulated in the order of the microorganism filtration tank, the breeding tank, the solid foreign material recovery device, the activation device, the algae cultivation device, and the underground heat exchange pipe. Abalone farming system.

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