JP6296294B2 - Surface coated cutting tool with excellent chipping resistance due to hard coating layer - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention is a high-speed intermittent cutting process that involves high heat generation of alloy steel and the like, and an impact load is applied to the cutting edge, and the hard coating layer has excellent chipping resistance, so that it can be used for a long time. The present invention relates to a surface-coated cutting tool (hereinafter referred to as a coated tool) that exhibits excellent cutting performance.

Conventionally, generally composed of tungsten carbide (hereinafter referred to as WC) based cemented carbide, titanium carbonitride (hereinafter referred to as TiCN) based cermet or cubic boron nitride (hereinafter referred to as cBN) based ultra high pressure sintered body There is known a coated tool in which a Ti—Al-based composite nitride layer is formed by physical vapor deposition as a hard coating layer on the surface of a tool substrate (hereinafter collectively referred to as a tool substrate), These are known to exhibit excellent wear resistance.
However, the conventional coated tool formed with the Ti-Al composite nitride layer is relatively excellent in wear resistance, but it tends to cause abnormal wear such as chipping when used under high-speed intermittent cutting conditions. Accordingly, various proposals have been made for improving the hard coating layer.

For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a composite nitridation of Al and Ti satisfying the composition formula (Ti _1-x Al _x ) N (wherein x is 0.40 to 0.60) on the tool base surface. Consisting of material layers, and
When the crystal orientation analysis by EBSD is performed on the composite nitride layer, the area ratio of the crystal grains having the crystal orientation <110> within the range of 0 to 15 degrees from the normal direction of the surface polished surface is 50% or more. In addition, when the angle between adjacent crystal grains is measured, a composite nitride layer of Al and Ti showing a crystal arrangement in which the ratio of small-angle grain boundaries (0 <θ ≦ 15 °) is 50% or more It is disclosed that the hard coating layer exhibits excellent chipping resistance even under heavy cutting conditions by vapor-depositing a hard coating layer made of
However, since this coating tool forms a hard coating layer by physical vapor deposition, it is difficult to make the Al content ratio x 0.60 or more, and it is desired to further improve the cutting performance. .

From such a viewpoint, a technique for increasing the Al content ratio x to about 0.9 by forming a hard coating layer by a chemical vapor deposition method has also been proposed.
For example, Patent Document 2 discloses that the value of the Al content ratio x is 0.65 to 0.65 by performing chemical vapor deposition in a temperature range of 650 to 900 ° C. in a mixed reaction gas of TiCl ₄ , AlCl ₃ , and NH _3. Although it is described that a (Ti _1-x Al _x ) N layer of 0.95 can be formed by vapor deposition, in this document, an Al ₂ O ₃ layer is further formed on the (Ti _1-x Al _x ) N layer. Therefore, the value of the Al content ratio x is increased from 0.65 to 0.95 to form a (Ti _1-x Al _x ) N layer. It is not clear what kind of influence the cutting performance has.

Also, for example, in Patent Document 3, a TiCN layer and an Al ₂ O ₃ layer are used as an inner layer, and a cubic structure (Ti _1-x Al) including a cubic structure or a hexagonal structure is formed thereon by chemical vapor deposition. _x ) An N layer (wherein x is 0.65 to 0.90 in atomic ratio) is coated as an outer layer and a compressive stress of 100 to 1100 MPa is applied to the outer layer, whereby the heat resistance and fatigue strength of the coated tool are obtained. It has been proposed to improve.

JP 2010-17785 A Special table 2011-516722 gazette Special table 2011-513594 gazette

In recent years, there has been a strong demand for energy saving and energy saving in cutting, and along with this, cutting tends to be faster and more efficient, and the coated tool has even more chipping resistance, chipping resistance, Abnormal damage resistance such as peel resistance is required, and excellent wear resistance over long-term use is required.
However, in the coated tool described in Patent Document 1, a hard coating layer composed of a (Ti _1-x Al _x ) N layer is deposited by physical vapor deposition, and the Al content ratio x in the hard coating layer is determined. Since it is difficult to increase, for example, when subjected to high-speed intermittent cutting of alloy steel, there is a problem that it cannot be said that the wear resistance and chipping resistance are sufficient.
On the other hand, for the (Ti _1-x Al _x ) N layer deposited by the chemical vapor deposition method described in Patent Document 2, the Al content ratio x can be increased, and a cubic structure is formed. Therefore, although a hard coating layer having a predetermined hardness and excellent wear resistance can be obtained, there is a problem that the adhesion strength with the tool base is not sufficient and the toughness is inferior.
Furthermore, although the coated tool described in Patent Document 3 has a predetermined hardness and excellent wear resistance, it is inferior in toughness, so when it is used for high-speed intermittent cutting of alloy steel, etc. However, there is a problem that abnormal damage such as chipping, chipping and peeling is likely to occur, and it cannot be said that satisfactory cutting performance is exhibited.
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention, that is, the purpose of the present invention is to provide excellent toughness even when used for high-speed interrupted cutting of alloy steel and the like, over a long-term use. The object is to provide a coated tool exhibiting excellent chipping resistance and wear resistance.

In view of the above, the present inventors have at least a composite nitride or composite carbonitride of Ti and Al (hereinafter referred to as “(Ti, Al) (C, N)” or “(Ti _1-x Al _x ) ( _{CyN 1-y} ) ”), a hard coating layer containing a hard coating layer formed by chemical vapor deposition. Results of extensive research to improve the chipping resistance and wear resistance of the coated tool The following findings were obtained.

That is, the conventional hard coating layer including at least one (Ti _1-x Al _x ) (C _y N _1-y ) layer and having a predetermined average layer thickness is (Ti _1-x Al _x ) ( When the C _y N _1-y ) layer is formed in a columnar shape in the direction perpendicular to the tool base, it has high wear resistance. On the other _hand, it reduces the toughness of _{(Ti 1-x} Al _x) as anisotropy (C _{y N 1-y)} layer is high _{(Ti 1-x Al x)} (C y N 1-y) layer, As a result, chipping resistance and chipping resistance are reduced, and sufficient wear resistance cannot be exhibited over a long period of use, and the tool life cannot be said to be satisfactory.
Therefore, the present inventors have conducted intensive research on the (Ti _1-x Al _x ) (C _y N _1-y ) layer constituting the hard coating layer, and found that (Ti _1-x Al _x ) (C _y N ₁ ). _-Y ) In a crystal grain having a NaCl-type face-centered cubic structure by the entirely novel idea of forming a periodic composition change of Ti and Al in a crystal grain having a NaCl-type face-centered cubic structure. As a result, the inventors have succeeded in increasing both hardness and toughness by causing distortion, and as a result, have found a novel finding that the chipping resistance and fracture resistance of the hard coating layer can be improved.

Specifically, the hard coating layer includes at least a composite nitride or composite carbonitride layer of Ti and Al formed by chemical vapor deposition, and a composition formula: (Ti _1-x Al _x ) (C _y N _1-y ), the average content ratio Xavg in the total content of Ti and Al in Al and the average content ratio Yavg in the total content of C and N in C (where Xavg and Yavg are atomic ratios) Satisfy 0.60 ≦ Xavg ≦ 0.95 and 0 ≦ Yavg ≦ 0.005, respectively, and the composite nitride or composite carbonitride layer has a NaCl-type face-centered cubic structure. When the layer includes at least a carbonitride phase and the layer is analyzed from the longitudinal cross-sectional direction of the layer using an electron beam backscattering diffractometer, the crystal plane of the crystal grain with respect to the normal direction of the surface of the tool base is { 110} normal is Measure the inclination angle, and divide the inclination angle within the range of 0 to 45 degrees with respect to the normal direction among the inclination angles for each pitch of 0.25 degrees, and count the frequencies present in each division When the inclination angle frequency distribution is obtained, the highest peak exists in the inclination angle section within the range of 0 to 10 degrees, and the total of the frequencies existing within the range of 0 to 10 degrees is the inclination angle number distribution. In the composite nitride or composite carbonitride layer, the NaCl in the composite nitride or composite carbonitride layer is observed when observed from the longitudinal section direction of the composite nitride or composite carbonitride layer. Each crystal grain having a face-centered cubic structure of a mold has a columnar structure having an average grain width W of 0.1 to 2.0 μm and an average aspect ratio A of 2 to 10, and further comprising composite nitride or composite charcoal Individuals having the NaCl-type face-centered cubic structure in the nitride layer In the grain, the composition _{formula: (Ti 1-x Al x} ) (C y N 1-y) periodic composition variation of Ti and Al are present in the average of the maximum value of the periodically changing x When the average difference Δx between the minimum values is 0.03 to 0.25, distortion occurs in the crystal grains having the NaCl-type face-centered cubic structure, and compared with the conventional hard coating layer (Ti The hardness and toughness of the _1-x Al _x ) (C _y N _1-y ) layer are increased, and as a result, chipping resistance and fracture resistance are improved, and excellent wear resistance is exhibited over a long period of time. I found it.

The structure of _{(Ti 1-x Al x)} (C y N 1-y) layer, such as described above, for example, formed by the following chemical vapor deposition of periodically changing the reaction gas composition in the tool substrate surface can do.
The chemical vapor deposition reactor to be used includes a gas group A composed of NH ₃ , N ₂ and H ₂ and a gas group B composed of TiCl ₄ , Al (CH ₃ ) ₃ , AlCl ₃ , N ₂ and H ₂ . The gas is supplied from the gas supply pipe into the reaction apparatus, and the gas group A and the gas group B are supplied into the reaction apparatus so that the gas flows, for example, at a constant time interval and for a time shorter than that period. The gas supply between the gas group A and the gas group B causes a phase difference with a time shorter than the gas supply time, and the reaction gas composition on the tool base surface is changed to (i) gas group A, (b) gas. The mixed gas of the group A and the gas group B, and (c) the gas group B can be changed with time. Incidentally, in the present invention, it is not necessary to introduce a long exhaust process intended for strict gas replacement. Therefore, as the gas supply method, for example, the gas supply port is rotated, the tool base is rotated, or the tool base is reciprocated to change the reaction gas composition on the tool base surface. (B) a mixed gas of the gas group A and the gas group B, and (c) a mixed gas mainly of the gas group B.
The reactive gas composition (volume% with respect to the total of the gas group A and the gas group B) on the surface of the tool base is, for example, NH ₃ : 3.5 to 4.0% as the gas group A, N ₂ : 0 to 5 %, H ₂ : 55 to 60%, AlCl ₃ : 0.6 to 0.9% as gas group B, TiCl ₄ : 0.2 to 0.3%, Al (CH ₃ ) ₃ : 0 to 0.5 %, N ₂ : 0.0 to 12.0%, H ₂ : remaining, reaction atmosphere pressure: 4.5 to 5.0 kPa, reaction atmosphere temperature: 700 to 900 ° C., supply cycle 1 to 5 seconds, per cycle As a gas supply time of 0.15 to 0.25 seconds and a phase difference between gas supply A and gas supply B of 0.10 to 0.20 seconds, the thermal CVD method is performed for a predetermined time, thereby achieving a predetermined target layer thickness. A (Ti _1-x Al _x ) (C _y N _1-y ) layer is formed.

As described above, the gas group A and the gas group B are supplied so that there is a difference in the time required to reach the surface of the tool base, and NH ₃ as a nitrogen source gas in the gas group A: 3.5 to 4.0%, N ₂ : 0 to 5%, AlCl ₃ which is a metal chloride raw material or carbon raw material in gas group B: 0.6 to 0.9%, TiCl ₄ : 0.2 to 0.3%, Al (CH ₃ ) ₃ : By setting 0 to 0.5%, local distortion of the crystal lattice due to local unevenness of composition, dislocations and introduction of point defects is formed in the crystal grains, and the crystal grain tool The degree of {110} orientation on the substrate surface side and the film surface side can be changed. As a result, it has been found that toughness is dramatically improved while maintaining wear resistance. As a result, especially when used for high-speed intermittent cutting of alloy steel, etc., where the chipping resistance and chipping resistance are improved, and the intermittent and impact loads are applied to the cutting edge, It has been found that excellent cutting performance can be exhibited over use.

The present invention has been made based on the above findings,
“(1) Surface-coated cutting tool in which a hard coating layer is provided on the surface of a tool base made of tungsten carbide-based cemented carbide, titanium carbonitride-based cermet, or cubic boron nitride-based ultra-high pressure sintered body In
(A) The hard coating layer includes at least a composite nitride or composite carbonitride layer of Ti and Al having an average layer thickness of 1 to 20 μm formed by a chemical vapor deposition method, and has a composition formula: (Ti _1-x Al _x ) When expressed by (C _y N _1-y ), the average content ratio Xavg in the total amount of Ti and Al in the composite nitride or composite carbonitride layer and the total amount of C and N in C The average content ratio Yavg (where Xavg and Yavg are both atomic ratios) satisfy 0.60 ≦ Xavg ≦ 0.95 and 0 ≦ Yavg ≦ 0.005, respectively.
(B) The composite nitride or composite carbonitride layer includes at least a composite nitride or composite carbonitride phase having a NaCl-type face-centered cubic structure,
(C) Further, with respect to the composite nitride or composite carbonitride layer, each crystal having an NaCl type face-centered cubic structure in the composite nitride or composite carbonitride layer using an electron beam backscattering diffractometer When the crystal orientation of the grains is analyzed from the longitudinal section direction of the composite nitride or composite carbonitride layer, the normal of the {110} plane that is the crystal plane of the crystal grains with respect to the normal direction of the surface of the tool base is formed. The inclination angle is measured, and the inclination angles within the range of 0 to 45 degrees with respect to the normal direction among the inclination angles are divided into pitches of 0.25 degrees, and the frequencies existing in each division are tabulated. When the inclination angle frequency distribution is obtained, the highest peak is present in the inclination angle section within the range of 0 to 10 degrees, and the sum of the frequencies existing within the range of 0 to 10 degrees is in the inclination angle number distribution. Shows a ratio of 35% or more of the entire frequency,
(D) Individual crystals having a NaCl-type face-centered cubic structure in the composite nitride or composite carbonitride layer when observed from the longitudinal section direction of the composite nitride or composite carbonitride layer Having a columnar structure having an average particle width W of 0.1 to 2.0 μm and an average aspect ratio A of 2 to 10;
(E) Further, in each crystal grain having the NaCl-type face-centered cubic structure in the composite nitride or composite carbonitride layer, a composition formula: (Ti _1-x Al _x ) (C _y N _{1 -Y} ) there is a periodic composition change of Ti and Al, the period along the normal direction of the tool base surface is 4 to 150 nm, and the average and minimum values of the maximum values of x that periodically change A surface-coated cutting tool having an average difference Δx of 0.03 to 0.25.
(2) In crystal grains having a NaCl-type face-centered cubic structure in which a periodic composition change of Ti and Al in the composite nitride or composite carbonitride layer exists, a periodic composition change of Ti and Al occurs. The crystal grains exist along one of the equivalent crystal orientations represented by <001>, and the period along the orientation is 3 to 100 nm, and Al in a plane perpendicular to the orientation is present. The surface-coated cutting tool according to (1), wherein the change in the content ratio XO in the total amount of Ti and Al is 0.01 or less.
(3) For the composite nitride or composite carbonitride layer, the lattice constant a of the crystal grains having the NaCl type face centered cubic structure is obtained from X-ray diffraction, and the crystal grains having the NaCl type face centered cubic structure are obtained. The lattice constant a satisfies the relationship of 0.05a _TiN + 0.95a _AlN ≦ a ≦ 0.4a _TiN + 0.6a _AlN with respect to the lattice constant a _TiN of cubic _TiN and the lattice constant a _AlN of cubic AlN. The surface-coated cutting tool according to (1) or (2), wherein
(4) The composite nitride or composite carbonitride layer is composed of a single phase of Ti and Al composite nitride or composite carbonitride having a NaCl-type face-centered cubic structure. The surface-coated cutting tool according to any one of (3).
(5) When the composite nitride or composite carbonitride layer is observed from the longitudinal cross-sectional direction of the layer, individual crystals having a NaCl-type face-centered cubic structure in the composite nitride or composite carbonitride layer There are fine crystal grains having a hexagonal structure in the grain boundary part of the columnar structure composed of grains, the area ratio of the fine crystal grains is 30% by area or less, and the average grain size R of the fine crystal grains is The surface-coated cutting tool according to any one of (1) to (3), which is 0.01 to 0.3 μm.
(6) Ti carbide layer, nitride layer, carbonitride layer, carbonate layer, and carbonitride oxide layer between the tool base and the composite nitride or composite carbonitride layer of Ti and Al The surface according to any one of (1) to (5), wherein there is a lower layer having a total average layer thickness of 0.1 to 20 μm. Coated cutting tool.
(7) The upper layer including an aluminum oxide layer having an average layer thickness of at least 1 to 25 μm is present on the upper part of the composite nitride or composite carbonitride layer. (1) to (6) The surface coating cutting tool in any one.
(8) The composite nitride or composite carbonitride layer is formed by a chemical vapor deposition method containing at least trimethylaluminum as a reactive gas component. (1) to (7) The surface coating cutting tool in any one. "
It has the characteristics.

  The present invention will be described in detail below.

Average layer thickness of the composite nitride or composite carbonitride layer constituting the hard coating layer:
The hard coating layer of the present invention comprises at least a composite nitride or composite carbonitride layer of Ti and Al represented by a chemical vapor deposition composition formula: (Ti _1-x Al _x ) (C _y N _1-y ). Including. This composite nitride or composite carbonitride layer has high hardness and excellent wear resistance, but the effect is particularly remarkable when the average layer thickness is 1 to 20 μm. The reason is that if the average layer thickness is less than 1 μm, the layer thickness is so thin that sufficient wear resistance over a long period of use cannot be ensured. On the other hand, if the average layer thickness exceeds 20 μm, Ti and Crystal grains of the Al composite nitride or composite carbonitride layer are likely to be coarsened, and chipping is likely to occur. Therefore, the average layer thickness was set to 1 to 20 μm.
The composite nitride or composite carbonitride layer may be a mixed phase of cubic and hexagonal crystals, but the area ratio occupied by crystal grains having a NaCl type face centered cubic structure is less than 70 area%. Therefore, the ratio of the area occupied by the crystal grains having the NaCl type face centered cubic structure is preferably 70% by area or more. Further, Ti having the NaCl type face centered cubic structure is preferable. By comprising a single phase of Al composite nitride or composite carbonitride, particularly excellent wear resistance is exhibited.

Composition of composite nitride or composite carbonitride layer constituting hard coating layer:
The composite nitride or composite carbonitride layer constituting the hard coating layer of the present invention has an average content ratio Xavg in the total content of Ti and Al in Al and an average content ratio Yavg in the total content of C and N in C ( However, Xavg and Yavg are controlled so that the atomic ratio of both satisfies 0.60 ≦ Xavg ≦ 0.95 and 0 ≦ Yav ≦ 0.005, respectively.
The reason is that when the average content ratio Xavg of Al is less than 0.60, the composite nitride or composite carbonitride layer of Ti and Al is inferior in hardness, so that it is subjected to high-speed intermittent cutting such as alloy steel In addition, the wear resistance is not sufficient. On the other hand, when the average content ratio Xavg of Al exceeds 0.95, the content ratio of Ti is relatively decreased, so that embrittlement is caused and chipping resistance is lowered. Therefore, the average content ratio Xavg of Al was determined to be 0.60 ≦ Xavg ≦ 0.95.
When the average content ratio Yavg of the C component contained in the composite nitride or composite carbonitride layer is a small amount in the range of 0 ≦ Yavg ≦ 0.005, the composite nitride or composite carbonitride layer and the tool substrate Alternatively, the adhesion to the lower layer is improved and the lubricity is improved to reduce the impact during cutting, resulting in improved fracture resistance and chipping resistance of the composite nitride or composite carbonitride layer. . On the other hand, when the average content ratio Yavg of the component C deviates from the range of 0 ≦ Yavg ≦ 0.005, the toughness of the composite nitride or the composite carbonitride layer is lowered, so that the chipping resistance and chipping resistance are lowered. Therefore, it is not preferable. Therefore, the average content ratio Yavg of C was determined as 0 ≦ Yavg ≦ 0.005.

Crystal planes of individual crystal grains having a NaCl-type face-centered cubic structure in a composite nitride or composite carbonitride layer of Ti and Al ((Ti _1-x Al _x ) (C _y N _1-y ) layer) Inclination angle number distribution for {110} planes:
About the (Ti _1-x Al _x ) (C _y N _1-y ) layer of the present invention, the crystal orientation of individual crystal grains having a NaCl type face-centered cubic structure using an electron beam backscattering diffractometer, When analyzed from the longitudinal section direction, the inclination angle formed by the normal line of the {110} plane, which is the crystal plane of the crystal grain, is measured with respect to the normal line of the tool base surface (the direction perpendicular to the tool base surface on the cross-section polished surface). Of the inclination angles, the inclination angles within the range of 0 to 45 degrees with respect to the normal direction are divided into pitches of 0.25 degrees, and the frequencies existing in each division are counted. The maximum peak exists in the inclination angle section within the range of -10 degrees, and the total of the frequencies existing within the range of 0-10 degrees is a ratio that is 35% or more of the entire frequency in the inclination angle distribution. When showing the angular number distribution form, the Ti and Al The hard coating layer made of a nitride or composite carbonitride layer has a high hardness while maintaining the NaCl type face-centered cubic structure, and further, the hard coating layer and the substrate have the inclination angle number distribution form as described above. Adhesion with is improved dramatically.
Therefore, even when such a coated tool is used for, for example, high-speed intermittent cutting of alloy steel, the occurrence of chipping, chipping, peeling and the like is suppressed, and excellent wear resistance is exhibited.

Average grain width W and average aspect ratio A of crystal grains having a NaCl-type face-centered cubic structure constituting the composite nitride or composite carbonitride layer:
For the crystal grains having the NaCl-type face-centered cubic structure in the composite nitride or composite carbonitride layer, the grain width in the direction parallel to the tool substrate surface is w, and the grain length in the direction perpendicular to the tool substrate surface Is the aspect ratio a of each crystal grain, and the average value of the aspect ratio a obtained for each crystal grain is the average aspect ratio A, for each crystal grain In the present invention, when the average value of the obtained particle width w is the average particle width W, the average particle width W is controlled to satisfy 0.1 to 2.0 μm and the average aspect ratio A satisfies 2 to 10.
When this condition is satisfied, the crystal grains having the NaCl-type face-centered cubic structure constituting the composite nitride or composite carbonitride layer have a columnar structure and exhibit excellent wear resistance. On the other hand, if the average aspect ratio A is less than 2, it is difficult to form a periodic distribution of the composition, which is a feature of the present invention, in the crystal grains of the NaCl-type face-centered cubic structure. It becomes difficult to suppress. Further, when the average particle width W is less than 0.1 μm, the wear resistance is lowered, and when it exceeds 2.0 μm, the toughness is lowered. Therefore, the average grain width W of the crystal grains of the NaCl type face centered cubic structure constituting the composite nitride or composite carbonitride layer was determined to be 0.1 to 2.0 μm.

Change in composition of Ti and Al present in crystal grains having a NaCl type face centered cubic structure:
Further, when a crystal having a NaCl type face-centered cubic structure is represented by a composition formula: (Ti _1-x Al _x ) (C _y N _1-y ), periodic composition change of Ti and Al in the crystal grains When the period along the normal direction is 4 to 150 nm, the crystal grains are distorted and the hardness is improved. However, if the difference Δx between the average of the maximum value and the minimum value of x in the composition formula, which is an index of the magnitude of the composition change of Ti and Al, is smaller than 0.03, the above-described distortion of the crystal grains is small and sufficient. Hardness improvement is not expected. On the other hand, if the difference Δx between the average of the maximum value and the minimum value of x exceeds 0.25, the distortion of the crystal grains becomes too large, the lattice defects become large, and the hardness decreases. Therefore, the composition change of Ti and Al existing in the crystal grains having the NaCl-type face-centered cubic structure indicates that the difference Δx between the average of the maximal value of x and the average of the minimum value is periodically changed from 0.03 to 0. .25.
Furthermore, when the period along the normal direction is less than 4 nm, cracks propagating through the plurality of composition change layers cannot be suppressed, and toughness is reduced. On the other hand, if it exceeds 150 nm, the crystal grains are not sufficiently distorted, and the effect of improving the hardness cannot be expected.
Further, it is preferable that the periodic composition change of Ti and Al exist along one of the equivalent crystal orientations represented by <001> of the crystal grains having the NaCl type face centered cubic structure. . However, if the period is less than 3 nm, the toughness decreases. On the other hand, if it exceeds 100 nm, the effect of improving hardness cannot be expected. Therefore, the period existing along one of the equivalent crystal orientations represented by <001> of the cubic crystal grains is preferably 3 to 100 nm. In addition, the change in the content ratio XO in the total amount of Ti and Al in the plane perpendicular to the orientation is 0.01 or less, so that the angle in the {001} plane is at an angle with the {110} plane. Induces dislocation sliding motion and improves toughness.

Lattice constant a of crystal grains having a NaCl-type face-centered cubic structure constituting the composite nitride or composite carbonitride layer:
The composite nitride or composite carbonitride layer is subjected to an X-ray diffraction test using an X-ray diffractometer and Cu—Kα rays as a radiation source, and the lattice constant a of the crystal grains of the NaCl type face-centered cubic structure is determined. when determined, the lattice constant a of the crystal grains, the lattice constant _a TiN cubic TiN (JCPDS00-038-1420): 4.24173Å and cubic lattice constant _{a AlN} of AlN (JCPDS00-046-1200): 4 .045mm, 0.05a _TiN + 0.95a _AlN ≤a ≤0.4a _TiN + 0.6a When satisfying the relationship of _AlN , it exhibits superior hardness and high thermal conductivity. In addition to high wear resistance, it has excellent thermal shock resistance.

Fine grain existing in the grain boundary portion of the columnar structure composed of individual grains having the NaCl type face centered cubic structure in the composite nitride or composite carbonitride layer, and the area ratio and average of the fine grain Particle size R:
The presence of fine crystal grains having a hexagonal crystal structure in the grain boundary portion of the columnar structure consisting of individual crystal grains having a NaCl type face centered cubic structure suppresses grain boundary slip and improves toughness. However, if the area ratio exceeds 30 area%, the ratio of the crystal phase of the NaCl-type face-centered cubic structure is relatively decreased, so that the hardness is not preferable. In addition, if the average grain size R of the fine crystal grains is less than 0.01 μm, the effect of suppressing grain boundary sliding is not sufficient, while if it exceeds 0.3 μm, the strain in the columnar structure increases and the hardness decreases. Therefore, it is not preferable.

Lower layer and upper layer:
In addition, the composite nitride or composite carbonitride layer of the present invention alone has a sufficient effect, but among Ti carbide layer, nitride layer, carbonitride layer, carbonate layer and carbonitride oxide layer A lower layer having a total average layer thickness of 0.1 to 20 μm and / or an aluminum oxide layer having an average layer thickness of 1 to 25 μm. In the case where the upper layer is provided, it is possible to create better characteristics in combination with the effects of these layers. When providing a lower layer made of one or two or more Ti compound layers of Ti carbide layer, nitride layer, carbonitride layer, carbonate layer and carbonitride oxide layer, the total average layer of the lower layer If the thickness is less than 0.1 μm, the effect of the lower layer is not sufficiently achieved. On the other hand, if it exceeds 20 μm, the crystal grains are likely to be coarsened and chipping is likely to occur. Further, if the total average layer thickness of the upper layer including the aluminum oxide layer is less than 1 μm, the effect of the upper layer is not sufficiently achieved. On the other hand, if it exceeds 25 μm, the crystal grains are likely to be coarsened and chipping is likely to occur. .

The present invention relates to a surface-coated cutting tool in which a hard coating layer is provided on the surface of a tool base, and the hard coating layer is a composite nitride of Ti and Al having an average layer thickness of 1 to 20 μm formed by chemical vapor deposition or When containing at least the composite carbonitride layer and expressed by the composition formula: (Ti _1-x Al _x ) (C _y N _1-y ), the average content ratios Xavg and C in the total amount of Ti and Al in Al The average content ratio Yavg (where Xavg and Yavg are atomic ratios) in the total amount of C and N satisfy 0.60 ≦ Xavg ≦ 0.95 and 0 ≦ Yavg ≦ 0.005, respectively. Some crystal grains constituting the nitride or composite carbonitride layer have a NaCl-type face-centered cubic structure, and the crystal orientation of the crystal grains is determined from the longitudinal cross-sectional direction using an electron beam backscattering diffractometer. If analyzed, tool base surface The inclination angle formed by the normal line of the {110} plane, which is the crystal plane of the crystal grain, with respect to the normal direction is measured, and the inclination angle in the range of 0 to 45 degrees with respect to the normal direction is included in the inclination angle. When the slope angle distribution within a range of 0 to 10 degrees exists when the slope angle distribution is obtained by summing up the frequencies existing in each section by dividing each pitch of 0.25 degrees, the above-mentioned peak is present, The sum of the frequencies existing within the range of 0 to 10 degrees represents a ratio of 35% or more of the entire frequencies in the tilt angle frequency distribution, and the vertical section of the layer for the composite nitride or the composite carbonitride layer When observed from the direction, the average grain width W of each crystal grain having a NaCl-type face-centered cubic structure in the composite nitride or composite carbonitride layer is 0.1 to 2.0 μm, and the average aspect ratio A is It has a columnar structure that is 2 to 10, and is a composite nitride or composite carbonitride The crystal grains having a NaCl type face-centered cubic structure of the object layer, the composition _{formula: (Ti 1-x Al x} ) (C y N 1-y) periodic composition variation of Ti and Al in the presence In addition, by having a configuration unique to the present invention in which the difference Δx between the average of the local maximum value and the average of the local minimum value of x that changes periodically is 0.03 to 0.25, Since distortion occurs in the crystal grains, the hardness of the crystal grains is improved, and the toughness is improved while maintaining high wear resistance. As a result, the effect of improving the chipping resistance is exhibited, the cutting performance is improved over a long period of use as compared with the conventional hard coating layer, and the life of the coated tool is extended.
In particular, in a crystal grain of a NaCl-type face-centered cubic structure of a composite nitride or composite carbonitride layer of Ti and Al, the periodic composition change of Ti and Al exists in the crystal grain, so Strain is generated, hardness is improved, and by having a columnar structure, high wear resistance is exhibited, and at the same time, the presence of hexagonal crystal grains in the grain boundary portion of the columnar structure Suppression of boundary slip is improved, toughness is improved, and further, the crystal grains of the NaCl-type face-centered cubic structure are oriented in the {110} plane, thereby improving flank wear resistance and crater wear resistance. Combined with this, the coated tool of the present invention has excellent chipping resistance and fracture resistance, even when used for high-speed intermittent cutting of alloy steel and the like in which intermittent and impact loads are applied to the cutting edge. Because it shows wear .

It is the film | membrane structure schematic diagram which represented typically the cross section of the composite nitride or composite carbonitride layer of Ti and Al which comprises the hard coating layer of this invention. NaCl-type face center in which a periodic composition change of Ti and Al is present in a cross section of a composite nitride layer or composite carbonitride layer of Ti and Al constituting a hard coating layer corresponding to one embodiment of the present invention For a crystal grain having a cubic structure, a periodic composition change of Ti and Al exists along one of the equivalent crystal orientations represented by <001> of the crystal grain, and is orthogonal to the orientation. It is the schematic diagram which represented typically that the composition change of Ti and Al in a surface was small. NaCl-type face center in which a periodic composition change of Ti and Al is present in a cross section of a composite nitride layer or composite carbonitride layer of Ti and Al constituting a hard coating layer corresponding to one embodiment of the present invention An example of a graph of periodic composition change x of Ti and Al as a result of performing a line analysis by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) on a crystal grain having a cubic structure using a transmission electron microscope is shown. Is. It is a graph which shows an example of the inclination angle number distribution calculated | required about the crystal grain which has a cubic structure in the cross section of the composite nitride layer or composite carbonitride layer of Ti and Al which comprises the hard coating layer of this invention. It is a graph which shows an example of the inclination angle number distribution calculated | required about the crystal grain which has a cubic structure in the cross section of the composite nitride layer or composite carbonitride layer of Ti and Al which comprises the hard coating layer of a comparative example.

  Next, the coated tool of the present invention will be specifically described with reference to examples.

As raw material powders, WC powder, TiC powder, TaC powder, NbC powder, Cr ₃ C ₂ powder and Co powder all having an average particle diameter of 1 to 3 μm are prepared, and these raw material powders are blended as shown in Table 1. Blended into the composition, added with wax, mixed in a ball mill in acetone for 24 hours, dried under reduced pressure, pressed into a compact of a predetermined shape at a pressure of 98 MPa, and the compact was 1370 in a vacuum of 5 Pa. Vacuum sintered at a predetermined temperature within a range of ˜1470 ° C. for 1 hour, and after sintering, manufacture tool bases A to C made of WC-base cemented carbide with ISO standard SEEN1203AFSN insert shape, respectively. did.

In addition, as raw material powders, all TiCN (mass ratio TiC / TiN = 50/50) powder, Mo ₂ C powder, ZrC powder, NbC powder, WC powder, Co powder having an average particle diameter of 0.5 to 2 μm. And Ni powder are prepared, these raw material powders are blended in the blending composition shown in Table 2, wet mixed by a ball mill for 24 hours, dried, and then pressed into a compact at a pressure of 98 MPa. The body was sintered in a nitrogen atmosphere of 1.3 kPa at a temperature of 1500 ° C. for 1 hour, and after sintering, a tool base D made of TiCN-based cermet having an ISO standard SEEN1203AFSN insert shape was produced.

Next, a chemical vapor deposition apparatus is used on the surfaces of these tool bases A to D,
(A) Formation conditions A to J shown in Table 4, that is, a gas group A composed of NH ₃ and H _2, and a gas group composed of TiCl ₄ , Al (CH ₃ ) ₃ , AlCl ₃ , N ₂ , and H ₂ As a method for supplying B and each gas, the reaction gas composition (capacity% with respect to the total of the gas group A and the gas group B) is set as the gas group A, NH ₃ : 3.5 to 4.0%, N ₂ : _{0~5%, H 2: 55~60%} , AlCl 3 as gas group _{B: 0.6~0.9%, TiCl 4:} 0.2~0.3%, Al (CH 3) 3: 0~ 0.5%, N ₂ : 0.0 to 12.0%, H ₂ : remaining, reaction atmosphere pressure: 4.5 to 5.0 kPa, reaction atmosphere temperature: 700 to 900 ° C., supply cycle 1 to 5 seconds, Gas supply time per cycle 0.15 to 0.25 seconds, phase difference 0.1 between gas supply A and gas supply B The thermal CVD method is performed for 0 to 0.20 seconds for a predetermined time, and the crystal grains having an NaCl type face-centered cubic structure in which the average orientation difference in the grains shown in Table 7 is 2 degrees or more are shown in Table 7. The present invention coated tools 1 to 15 are formed by forming a hard coating layer composed of a (Ti _1-x Al _x ) (C _y N _1-y ) layer having a target area thickness as shown in Table 7. Manufactured.
In addition, about this invention coated tools 6-13, either the lower layer shown in Table 6 or the upper layer was formed on the formation conditions shown in Table 3.

  About the composite nitride or composite carbonitride layer of Ti and Al constituting the hard coating layers of the inventive coated tools 1 to 15 over a plurality of fields of view using a scanning electron microscope (magnification 5000 times and 20000 times). When observed, a columnar structure composed of crystal grains having a NaCl-type face-centered cubic structure was observed as shown in the schematic diagram of the film structure shown in FIG. 1, and depending on the sample, a hexagonal crystal was formed at the grain boundary portion of the columnar structure. It was confirmed that there are fine crystal grains having a ratio of 30 or less, and that the average grain size R of the fine crystal grains is 0.01 to 0.3 μm.

  In addition, the periodic compositional change of Ti and Al is present in the crystal grains of the NaCl-type face-centered cubic structure, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy using a transmission electron microscope (magnification 200000 times). This was confirmed by surface analysis by the method (EDS). As a result of further detailed analysis, it was confirmed that the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the periodic composition change x between Ti and Al was 0.03 to 0.25.

Further, for the purpose of comparison, at least the surfaces of the tool bases A to D were subjected to the conditions shown in Tables 3 and 5 and the target layer thickness (μm) shown in Table 8, at least as in the present coated tools 1 to 15. A hard coating layer including a composite nitride or composite carbonitride layer of Ti and Al was deposited. At this time, a comparison is made by forming a hard coating layer so that the reaction gas composition on the surface of the tool base does not change with time during the film formation process of the (Ti _1-x Al _x ) (C _y N _1-y ) layer. Coated tools 1-13 were produced.
In addition, similarly to this invention coated tool 6-13, about the comparison coated tools 6-13, either the lower layer shown in Table 6 or the upper layer was formed on the formation conditions shown in Table 3.

For reference, the (Ti _1-x Al _x ) (C _y N _1-y ) layer of the reference example is formed on the surfaces of the tool base B and the tool base C by arc ion plating using a conventional physical vapor deposition apparatus. The reference coated tools 14 and 15 shown in Table 8 were produced by vapor-depositing with a target layer thickness.
The arc ion plating conditions used for the vapor deposition in the reference example are as follows.
(A) The tool bases B and C are ultrasonically washed in acetone and dried, and the outer periphery is positioned at a predetermined distance in the radial direction from the central axis on the rotary table in the arc ion plating apparatus. Along with this, an Al-Ti alloy having a predetermined composition is arranged as a cathode electrode (evaporation source),
(B) First, the inside of the apparatus is evacuated and kept at a vacuum of 10 ⁻² Pa or less, the inside of the apparatus is heated to 500 ° C. with a heater, and then the tool base that rotates while rotating on the rotary table is −1000 V. A DC bias voltage is applied, and a current of 200 A is passed between a cathode electrode and an anode electrode made of an Al—Ti alloy to generate an arc discharge, thereby generating Al and Ti ions in the apparatus, thereby providing a tool base. Clean the surface with bombard,
(C) Next, nitrogen gas is introduced as a reaction gas into the apparatus to form a reaction atmosphere of 4 Pa, a DC bias voltage of −50 V is applied to the tool base that rotates while rotating on the rotary table, and A current of 120 A is passed between the cathode electrode (evaporation source) made of the Al—Ti alloy and the anode electrode to generate arc discharge, and the target composition and target layer shown in Table 8 are formed on the surface of the tool base. A thick (Ti, Al) N layer was formed by vapor deposition to produce reference coated tools 14 and 15.

Moreover, the cross section of the direction perpendicular | vertical to the tool base | substrate of each component layer of this invention coating tool 1-15, comparative coating tool 1-13, and reference coating tool 14 and 15 is used for a scanning electron microscope (5000-times multiplication factor). When the average layer thickness was determined by measuring and averaging the five layer thicknesses within the observation field, all showed the same average layer thickness as the target layer thicknesses shown in Tables 6-8. .
In addition, regarding the average content ratio Xavg of Al in the composite nitride or the composite carbonitride layer, an electron beam was sampled in a sample whose surface was polished using an electron beam microanalyzer (EPMA, Electron-Probe-Micro-Analyzer). Irradiation was performed from the surface side, and an average content ratio Xavg of Al was determined from an average of 10 points of the analysis result of the obtained characteristic X-rays. About average content ratio Yavg of C, it calculated | required by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS, Secondary-Ion-Mass-Spectroscopy). The ion beam was irradiated in the range of 70 μm × 70 μm from the sample surface side, and the concentration in the depth direction was measured for the components emitted by the sputtering action. The average content ratio Yavg of C indicates an average value in the depth direction of the composite nitride or composite carbonitride layer of Ti and Al. However, the content ratio of C excludes the inevitable content ratio of C that is included without intentionally using a gas containing C as a gas raw material. Specifically, the content ratio (atomic ratio) of the C component contained in the composite nitride or composite carbonitride layer when the supply amount of Al (CH ₃ ) ₃ is 0 is determined as the inevitable C content ratio. , The inevitable C content is subtracted from the C component content (atomic ratio) contained in the composite nitride or composite carbonitride layer obtained when Al (CH ₃ ) ₃ is intentionally supplied. The value was determined as Yavg.
Moreover, about this invention coated tool 1-15, comparative coated tool 1-13, and reference coated tool 14,15, using a scanning electron microscope (magnification 5000 times and 20000 times) from the cross-sectional direction of a direction perpendicular | vertical to a tool base | substrate. A composite nitride or composite carbonitride layer that is 10 μm long in the horizontal direction from the tool base surface and in the thickness range in the direction perpendicular to the tool base surface is configured (Ti _1-x Al _x ) (C _y N _{1 -y} ) For each crystal grain having a NaCl-type face-centered cubic structure in the layer, the particle width w in the direction parallel to the substrate surface and the particle length l in the direction perpendicular to the substrate surface are measured. The aspect ratio a (= l / w) of the crystal grains is calculated, the average value of the aspect ratio a obtained for each crystal grain is calculated as the average aspect ratio A, and the grain width obtained for each crystal grain Average value of w Was calculated as the average particle width W. Furthermore, the average particle diameter R of the fine crystal grains present in the grain boundary portion of the columnar structure composed of individual crystal grains having a cubic structure was also calculated. The results are shown in Tables 7 and 8.
In addition, regarding the inclination angle number distribution of the hard coating layer, the cross section in the direction perpendicular to the tool base surface of the hard coating layer made of a composite nitride or composite carbonitride layer of cubic Ti and Al was used as the polished surface. In the state, it is set in a lens barrel of a field emission scanning electron microscope, and an electron beam with an acceleration voltage of 15 kV at an incident angle of 70 degrees is applied to the polished surface within the measurement range of the sectional polished surface with an irradiation current of 1 nA. Irradiate each individual crystal grain having a cubic crystal lattice, and use an electron backscatter diffraction imaging apparatus to measure the film thickness along the cross section in a direction perpendicular to the tool substrate surface and a length of 100 μm in the horizontal direction from the tool substrate surface. With respect to the normal surface of the substrate surface (direction perpendicular to the substrate surface in the cross-section polished surface) at an interval of 0.01 μm / step with respect to the hard coating layer within the measurement range of the following distance, Normal of some {110} plane Are measured, and based on the measurement results, the measured inclination angles within the range of 0 to 45 degrees are classified for each 0.25 degree pitch among the measured inclination angles. By counting the frequencies existing in the range, the presence of the frequency peak existing in the range of 0 to 10 degrees was confirmed, and the ratio of the frequencies existing in the range of 0 to 10 degrees was determined. The results are also shown in Table 7 and Table 8.
FIG. 4 shows, as an example, an inclination angle number distribution graph measured for the coated tool 5 of the present invention, and FIG. 5 shows an inclination angle number distribution graph measured for the comparative coated tool 5.
Further, using an electron beam backscatter diffractometer, a field emission type with a cross section in a direction perpendicular to the tool base of a hard coating layer composed of a composite nitride or composite carbonitride layer of Ti and Al as a polished surface. Set in a scanning electron microscope column and apply an electron beam with an acceleration voltage of 15 kV to the polished surface at an incident angle of 70 degrees with an irradiation current of 1 nA for each crystal grain existing in the measurement range of the cross-sectional polished surface. Irradiation is performed at an interval of 0.01 μm / step with respect to the hard coating layer over a measurement range of a distance of 100 μm or less in the horizontal direction with the tool base and a thickness equal to or less than the film thickness along a cross section perpendicular to the tool base surface. By measuring the line backscatter diffraction image and analyzing the crystal structure of each crystal grain, the fine grain existing in the grain boundary part of the columnar structure consisting of grains having a NaCl type face centered cubic structure is a hexagonal crystal structure. And identify that The area ratio occupied by the fine crystal grains was determined. The results are also shown in Table 7 and Table 8. Further, the average grain size R of the fine crystal grains is found from three observation fields, each having a grain boundary length of 0.5 μm or more, among the grain boundaries of the columnar structure in which the fine crystal grains are found. It can be obtained by counting the number of grain boundaries present on a 5 μm line segment and dividing 1.5 μm by the total number of grain boundaries at three locations.
Further, a microscopic region of the composite nitride or composite carbonitride layer is observed using a transmission electron microscope (magnification 200000 times), and the surface is viewed from the cross-section side using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). As a result of analysis, the periodic compositional change of Ti and Al in the composition formula: (Ti _1-x Al _x ) (C _y N _1-y ) in the crystal grains having the NaCl type face-centered cubic structure. Was confirmed to exist. Further, by performing electron beam diffraction on the crystal grains, one of the equivalent crystal orientations in which the periodic composition change of Ti and Al is represented by <001> of the crystal grains of the NaCl type face centered cubic structure. Confirming that it exists along one direction, perform line analysis by EDS along that direction, and determine the difference between the average of the maximum and minimum of the periodic composition change of Ti and Al as Δx, Furthermore, the period of maximum value is obtained as the period of periodic composition change of Ti and Al, line analysis is performed along the direction orthogonal to the direction, and the maximum value of the Al content ratio x in the total amount of Ti and Al And the difference between the minimum values was obtained as the composition change XO of Ti and Al.
The results are also shown in Table 7 and Table 8.

  Next, the coated tools 1-15, comparative coated tools 1-13, and reference coated tools of the present invention are clamped at the tip of a tool steel cutter having a cutter diameter of 125 mm with a fixing jig. 14 and 15 were subjected to a dry high-speed face milling and center-cut cutting test, which is a kind of high-speed interrupted cutting of alloy steel, and the flank wear width of the cutting edge was measured. The results are shown in Table 9.

Tool substrate: Tungsten carbide-based cemented carbide, titanium carbonitride-based cermet,
Cutting test: Dry high-speed face milling, center cutting,
Work material: JIS / SCM440 block material with a width of 100 mm and a length of 400 mm,
Rotational speed: 955 min ⁻¹
Cutting speed: 375 m / min,
Cutting depth: 1.2 mm,
Single blade feed amount: 0.12 mm / tooth,
Cutting time: 8 minutes,
(Normal cutting speed is 220 m / min),

As raw material powders, WC powder, TiC powder, ZrC powder, TaC powder, NbC powder, Cr ₃ C ₂ powder, TiN powder and Co powder all having an average particle diameter of 1 to 3 μm are prepared. Compounded in the formulation shown in Table 10, added with wax, ball mill mixed in acetone for 24 hours, dried under reduced pressure, press-molded into a green compact of a predetermined shape at a pressure of 98 MPa. In a 5 Pa vacuum, vacuum sintering is performed at a predetermined temperature within a range of 1370 to 1470 ° C. for 1 hour, and after sintering, the cutting edge is subjected to honing processing with an R of 0.07 mm. Tool bases α to γ made of a WC-base cemented carbide having an insert shape of CNMG12041 were manufactured.

  In addition, as raw material powder, TiCN (mass ratio TiC / TiN = 50/50) powder, NbC powder, WC powder, Co powder, and Ni powder all having an average particle diameter of 0.5 to 2 μm are prepared, These raw material powders were blended into the composition shown in Table 11, wet mixed with a ball mill for 24 hours, dried, and then pressed into a green compact at a pressure of 98 MPa. Sintered in an atmosphere at a temperature of 1500 ° C. for 1 hour, and after sintering, the cutting edge part is subjected to a honing process of R: 0.09 mm so that the TiCN base has an insert shape of ISO standard / CNMG120212 A cermet tool substrate δ was formed.

Next, on the surface of these tool bases α to γ and tool base δ,
Using a chemical vapor deposition apparatus, a hard coating layer including at least a (Ti _1-x Al _x ) (C _y N _1-y ) layer is targeted under the conditions shown in Table 3 and Table 4 in the same manner as in Example 1. The present coated tools 16 to 30 shown in Table 13 were manufactured by vapor deposition with a layer thickness.
In addition, about this invention coated tools 19-28, either the lower layer shown in Table 12 or the upper layer was formed on the formation conditions shown in Table 3.

For comparison purposes, the present invention is also applied to the surfaces of the tool bases α to γ and the tool base δ by using an ordinary chemical vapor deposition apparatus under the conditions shown in Tables 3 and 5 and the target layer thicknesses shown in Table 13. Comparative coating tools 16 to 28 shown in Table 14 were manufactured by vapor-depositing a hard coating layer in the same manner as the coating tools.
In addition, similarly to this invention coated tool 19-28, about the comparison coated tool 19-28, either the lower layer shown in Table 12 or the upper layer was formed on the formation conditions shown in Table 3.

For reference, the (Ti _1-x Al _x ) (C _y N _1-y ) layer of the reference example is formed on the surfaces of the tool base β and the tool base γ by arc ion plating using a conventional physical vapor deposition apparatus. The reference coating tools 29 and 30 shown in Table 14 were manufactured by vapor-depositing with a target layer thickness.
In addition, the conditions similar to the conditions shown in Example 1 were used for the conditions of arc ion plating.

Moreover, the cross section of each component layer of this invention coating tool 16-30, comparative coating tool 16-28, and reference coating tool 29,30 is measured using a scanning electron microscope (5000-times multiplication factor), and 5 in an observation visual field. When the layer thicknesses of the points were measured and averaged to determine the average layer thickness, all showed the same average layer thickness as the target layer thicknesses shown in Tables 12 to 14.
Moreover, about the hard coating layer of the said coating tool 16-30 of this invention, the comparative coating tool 16-28, and the reference coating tool 29 and 30, using the method similar to the method shown in Example 1, average content rate of Al calculating XAVG, average proportion Yavg and C, the columnar structure _{(Ti 1-x Al x)} (C y N 1-y) crystal grains having an average grain width W having a cubic structure constituting the layer, an average aspect ratio a did. Further, Example 1 also shows the average grain size R of the fine crystal grains present in the grain boundary portion of the columnar structure made of crystal grains having the NaCl type face centered cubic structure and the area ratio in which the fine crystal grains exist. It calculated using the method similar to the method. In addition, the inclination formed by the normal of the {110} plane, which is the crystal plane of the crystal grains having the NaCl-type face-centered cubic structure, with respect to the normal of the substrate surface (direction perpendicular to the substrate surface in the cross-sectional polished surface) An angle is measured, and based on this measurement result, among the measured inclination angles, a measurement inclination angle within a range of 0 to 45 degrees is divided for each pitch of 0.25 degrees and exists in each division. By counting the frequencies, the presence of frequency peaks existing in the range of 0 to 10 degrees was confirmed, and the ratio of the frequencies existing in the range of 0 to 10 degrees was determined.
The results are shown in Table 13 and Table 14.

The Ti and Al composite nitride or composite carbonitride layer constituting the hard coating layer of the inventive coated tool 16 to 30 is applied over a plurality of fields using a scanning electron microscope (magnification 5000 times and 20000 times). As a result of observation, as shown in the schematic diagram of the film structure shown in FIG. 1, (Ti _1-x Al _x ) (C _y N _1-1 ) having a columnar structure in which NaCl-type face-centered cubic crystals and hexagonal crystals are present. _y ) A layer was confirmed. Further, the presence of a periodic composition distribution of Ti and Al in the NaCl-type face-centered cubic crystal grains indicates that energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy is performed using a transmission electron microscope (magnification 200000 times). This was confirmed by surface analysis using (EDS). As a result of further detailed analysis, it was confirmed that Δx of the average of the maximum value and the average of the minimum value of x was 0.03 to 0.25.

  In addition, with respect to the composite nitride or composite carbonitride layer, a columnar structure composed of individual crystal grains having a cubic structure using an electron beam backscattering diffractometer is used as a composite nitride or composite carbonitride of Ti and Al. As a result of analysis from the longitudinal section direction of the layer, it was confirmed that the fine crystal grains present in the grain boundary part have a hexagonal crystal structure.

Next, in the state where each of the various coated tools is screwed to the tip of the tool steel tool with a fixing jig, the present coated tools 16 to 30, comparative coated tools 16 to 28, and reference coated tools 29, About 30, the dry high speed intermittent cutting test of the carbon steel and the wet high speed intermittent cutting test of cast iron which were shown below were implemented, and all measured the flank wear width of the cutting edge.
Cutting condition 1:
Work material: JIS · SCM435 lengthwise equally spaced four round grooved round bars,
Cutting speed: 380 m / min,
Incision: 1.5mm,
Feed: 0.1 mm / rev,
Cutting time: 5 minutes
(Normal cutting speed is 220 m / min),
Cutting condition 2:
Work material: JIS / FCD700 lengthwise equal length 4 round bar with round groove,
Cutting speed: 320 m / min,
Cutting depth: 1.0 mm,
Feed: 0.1 mm / rev,
Cutting time: 5 minutes
(Normal cutting speed is 180 m / min),
Table 15 shows the results of the cutting test.

As the raw material powder, cBN powder, TiN powder, TiCN powder, TiC powder, Al powder, and Al ₂ O ₃ powder each having an average particle diameter in the range of 0.5 to 4 μm are prepared. The mixture is blended in the composition shown in FIG. 1, wet mixed with a ball mill for 80 hours, dried, and then pressed into a green compact having a diameter of 50 mm × thickness: 1.5 mm under a pressure of 120 MPa. The green compact is sintered in a vacuum atmosphere at a pressure of 1 Pa at a predetermined temperature within a range of 900 to 1300 ° C. for 60 minutes to obtain a presintered body for a cutting edge piece. In addition, Co: 8% by mass, WC: remaining composition, and diameter: 50 mm × thickness: 2 mm, superposed on a WC-based cemented carbide support piece with a normal super-high pressure Insert into the sintering machine, normal conditions A certain pressure: 4 GPa, temperature: 1200 ° C. to 1400 ° C. within a predetermined temperature, holding time: 0.8 hour sintering, and after sintering, the upper and lower surfaces are polished with a diamond grindstone, and wire discharge It is divided into predetermined dimensions by a processing apparatus, and further Co: 5 mass%, TaC: 5 mass%, WC: remaining composition and shape of JIS standard CNGA12041 (thickness: 4.76 mm × inscribed circle diameter: 12. The brazing part (corner part) of the WC-based cemented carbide insert body having a 7 mm 80 ° rhombus) has a composition consisting of Zr: 37.5%, Cu: 25%, Ti: the rest in mass%. After brazing using a brazing material of Ti-Zr-Cu alloy and having a predetermined dimension, the cutting edge is subjected to honing with a width of 0.13 mm and an angle of 25 °, followed by finishing polishing. ISO regulations CNGA120412 tool substrate b having the insert shape, were manufactured, respectively b.

Next, at least (Ti _1-x Al _x ) under the conditions shown in Tables 3 and 4 by the same method as in Example 1, using a normal chemical vapor deposition apparatus on the surface of these tool substrates A and B. The present coated tools 31 to 36 shown in Table 18 were manufactured by vapor-depositing a hard coating layer including a (C _y N _1-y ) layer with a target layer thickness.
In addition, about this invention coated tools 33 and 34, either the lower layer as shown in Table 17 or the upper layer was formed on the formation conditions shown in Table 3.

For comparison purposes, a normal chemical vapor deposition apparatus is used on the surfaces of the tool bases i and b, and at least (Ti _1-x Al _x ) (C _y N ₁ ) under the conditions shown in Tables 3 and 5. _-Y ) The comparative coating tools 31-34 shown in Table 19 were manufactured by vapor-depositing the hard coating layer containing a layer with target layer thickness.
As with the coated tools 33 and 34 of the present invention, either the lower layer or the upper layer as shown in Table 17 was formed for the comparative coated tools 33 and 34 under the formation conditions shown in Table 3.

For reference, a (Ti _1-x Al _x ) (C _y N _1-y ) layer is formed at a target layer thickness by arc ion plating on the surface of the tool substrate A and b using a conventional physical vapor deposition apparatus. Reference coating tools 35 and 36 shown in Table 19 were manufactured by vapor deposition.
The arc ion plating conditions are the same as those shown in Example 1, and the (Al, Ti) N layer having the target composition and target layer thickness shown in Table 19 is formed on the surface of the tool base. The reference coating tools 35 and 36 were manufactured.

  Moreover, the cross section of each component layer of this invention coating tool 31-36, comparative coating tool 31-34, and reference coating tool 35,36 is measured using a scanning electron microscope (5000-times multiplication factor), and 5 in an observation visual field. When the layer thicknesses of the points were measured and averaged to determine the average layer thickness, all showed the same average layer thickness as the target layer thicknesses shown in Tables 17-19.

Moreover, about the hard coating layer of the said invention coating tool 31-36, the comparison coating tool 31-34, and the reference coating tool 35,36, using the method similar to the method shown in Example 1, the average content rate of Al XAVG average content _Yavg of _{C, (Ti 1-x Al} x) (C y N 1-y) crystal grains having an average grain width W with a NaCl type face-centered cubic structure constituting the layer, an average aspect ratio a Was calculated. Further, Example 1 also shows the average grain size R of the fine crystal grains present in the grain boundary portion of the columnar structure made of crystal grains having the NaCl type face centered cubic structure and the area ratio in which the fine crystal grains exist. It calculated using the method similar to the method. The results are shown in Table 18 and Table 19. In addition, the inclination formed by the normal of the {110} plane, which is the crystal plane of the crystal grains having the NaCl-type face-centered cubic structure, with respect to the normal of the substrate surface (direction perpendicular to the substrate surface in the cross-sectional polished surface) An angle is measured, and based on this measurement result, among the measured inclination angles, a measurement inclination angle within a range of 0 to 45 degrees is divided for each pitch of 0.25 degrees and exists in each division. By counting the frequencies, the presence of frequency peaks existing in the range of 0 to 10 degrees was confirmed, and the ratio of the frequencies existing in the range of 0 to 10 degrees was determined.

Next, in the state where all the various coated tools are screwed to the tip of the tool steel tool with a fixing jig, the coated tools 31 to 36 of the present invention, the comparative coated tools 31 to 34, and the reference coated tools 35 and 36 are used. The dry high-speed intermittent cutting test of carburized and quenched alloy steel shown below was performed, and the flank wear width of the cutting edge was measured.
Tool substrate: Cubic boron nitride-based ultra-high pressure sintered body,
Cutting test: Dry high-speed intermittent cutting of carburized and quenched alloy steel,
Work material: JIS · SCr420 (Hardness: HRC62) lengthwise equidistant four round bars with vertical grooves,
Cutting speed: 240 m / min,
Cutting depth: 0.1mm,
Feed: 0.1mm / rev,
Cutting time: 4 minutes
Table 20 shows the results of the cutting test.

  From the results shown in Table 9, Table 15, and Table 20, the coated tool of the present invention has a face-centered cubic structure of NaCl type that constitutes a composite nitride of Ti and Al or a composite carbonitride layer constituting the hard coating layer. In the crystal grains, the periodic compositional change of Ti and Al is present in the crystal grains, so that strain is generated in the crystal grains, the hardness is improved, and the columnar structure is used, so At the same time as exhibiting wear properties, the presence of hexagonal crystal grains at the grain boundaries of the columnar structure prevents grain boundary sliding, improves toughness, and further improves the NaCl-type face-centered cubic structure. With the grains oriented in the {110} plane, the flank wear resistance and crater wear resistance improved respectively, and as a result, it was used for high-speed intermittent cutting where intermittent and impactful high loads act on the cutting edge. Even when chipping resistance, Excellent deficient, it is apparent that exhibits excellent wear resistance over a long-term use.

  On the other hand, the comparative coated tools 1-13, 16-28, 31-34 and the reference coated tools 14, 15, 29, 30, 35, 36 are accompanied by high heat generation, and the cutting blades are intermittent. When used in high-speed interrupted cutting where an impact high load acts, it is clear that chipping, chipping, etc. will lead to short life.

  As described above, the coated tool of the present invention can be used not only for high-speed intermittent cutting of alloy steel but also as a coated tool for various work materials, and has excellent chipping resistance over a long period of use. Since it exhibits wear resistance, it can sufficiently satisfy the high performance of the cutting device, the labor saving and energy saving of the cutting work, and the cost reduction.

Claims (8)

In a surface-coated cutting tool in which a hard coating layer is provided on the surface of a tool base composed of any of tungsten carbide-based cemented carbide, titanium carbonitride-based cermet, or cubic boron nitride-based ultrahigh-pressure sintered body,
(A) The hard coating layer includes at least a composite nitride or composite carbonitride layer of Ti and Al having an average layer thickness of 1 to 20 μm formed by a chemical vapor deposition method, and has a composition formula: (Ti _1-x Al _x ) When expressed by (C _y N _1-y ), the average content ratio Xavg in the total amount of Ti and Al in the composite nitride or composite carbonitride layer and the total amount of C and N in C The average content ratio Yavg (where Xavg and Yavg are both atomic ratios) satisfy 0.60 ≦ Xavg ≦ 0.95 and 0 ≦ Yavg ≦ 0.005, respectively.
(B) The composite nitride or composite carbonitride layer includes at least a composite nitride or composite carbonitride phase having a NaCl-type face-centered cubic structure,
(C) Further, with respect to the composite nitride or composite carbonitride layer, each crystal having an NaCl type face-centered cubic structure in the composite nitride or composite carbonitride layer using an electron beam backscattering diffractometer When the crystal orientation of the grains is analyzed from the longitudinal section direction of the composite nitride or composite carbonitride layer, the normal of the {110} plane that is the crystal plane of the crystal grains with respect to the normal direction of the surface of the tool base is formed. The inclination angle is measured, and the inclination angles within the range of 0 to 45 degrees with respect to the normal direction among the inclination angles are divided into pitches of 0.25 degrees, and the frequencies existing in each division are tabulated. When the inclination angle frequency distribution is obtained, the highest peak is present in the inclination angle section within the range of 0 to 10 degrees, and the sum of the frequencies existing within the range of 0 to 10 degrees is in the inclination angle number distribution. Shows a ratio of 35% or more of the entire frequency,
(D) Individual crystals having a NaCl-type face-centered cubic structure in the composite nitride or composite carbonitride layer when observed from the longitudinal section direction of the composite nitride or composite carbonitride layer Having a columnar structure having an average particle width W of 0.1 to 2.0 μm and an average aspect ratio A of 2 to 10;
(E) Further, in each crystal grain having the NaCl-type face-centered cubic structure in the composite nitride or composite carbonitride layer, a composition formula: (Ti _1-x Al _x ) (C _y N _{1 -Y} ) there is a periodic composition change of Ti and Al, the period along the normal direction of the tool base surface is 4 to 150 nm, and the average and minimum values of the maximum values of x that periodically change A surface-coated cutting tool having an average difference Δx of 0.03 to 0.25.   In the crystal grains having the NaCl-type face-centered cubic structure in which the periodic composition change of Ti and Al in the composite nitride or composite carbonitride layer exists, the periodic composition change of Ti and Al is the crystal grain. Present in one of the equivalent crystal orientations represented by <001>, the period along the orientation is 3 to 100 nm, and Ti in the plane perpendicular to the orientation is Ti and The surface-coated cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein the change in the content ratio XO in the total amount of Al is 0.01 or less. With respect to the composite nitride or composite carbonitride layer, the lattice constant a of the crystal grains having the NaCl type face centered cubic structure is obtained from X-ray diffraction, and the lattice constant a of the crystal grains having the NaCl type face centered cubic structure is obtained. but the feature that the relative cubic TiN lattice constant _{a TiN} and cubic AlN lattice constant _{a AlN,} satisfying the relationship _{0.05a TiN + 0.95a AlN ≦ a ≦} 0.4a TiN + 0.6a AlN The surface-coated cutting tool according to claim 1 or 2.   The composite nitride or composite carbonitride layer is composed of a single phase of Ti and Al composite nitride or composite carbonitride having a NaCl-type face-centered cubic structure. The surface-coated cutting tool according to any one of the above.   When the composite nitride or the composite carbonitride layer is observed from the longitudinal cross-sectional direction of the layer, the composite nitride or the composite carbonitride layer is composed of individual crystal grains having a NaCl-type face-centered cubic structure in the composite nitride or the composite carbonitride layer. There are fine crystal grains having a hexagonal structure in the grain boundary portion of the columnar structure, the area ratio of the fine crystal grains is 30 area% or less, and the average grain size R of the fine crystal grains is 0.01. The surface-coated cutting tool according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the surface-coated cutting tool is -0.3 µm.   One layer of Ti carbide layer, nitride layer, carbonitride layer, carbonate layer and carbonitride oxide layer between the tool base and the composite nitride or composite carbonitride layer of Ti and Al The surface-coated cutting tool according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein there is a lower layer composed of two or more Ti compound layers and having a total average layer thickness of 0.1 to 20 µm. .   7. The upper layer including an aluminum oxide layer having an average layer thickness of at least 1 to 25 μm is present on the composite nitride or the composite carbonitride layer. The surface-coated cutting tool described.   The composite nitride or composite carbonitride layer is formed by a chemical vapor deposition method containing at least trimethylaluminum as a reaction gas component, according to any one of claims 1 to 7. The surface-coated cutting tool described.