JP6285038B2 - 断熱用ミクロドメインカーボン材料 - Google Patents
断熱用ミクロドメインカーボン材料 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6285038B2 JP6285038B2 JP2016546150A JP2016546150A JP6285038B2 JP 6285038 B2 JP6285038 B2 JP 6285038B2 JP 2016546150 A JP2016546150 A JP 2016546150A JP 2016546150 A JP2016546150 A JP 2016546150A JP 6285038 B2 JP6285038 B2 JP 6285038B2
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- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 title claims description 28
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 title 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 94
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 70
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 59
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 230000008033 biological extinction Effects 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920006248 expandable polystyrene Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910021485 fumed silica Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920005830 Polyurethane Foam Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011496 polyurethane foam Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004795 extruded polystyrene foam Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004634 thermosetting polymer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 21
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 19
- 235000019241 carbon black Nutrition 0.000 description 19
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000004794 expanded polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229920006327 polystyrene foam Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 description 5
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
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- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 3
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 241000218236 Cannabis Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000208202 Linaceae Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000004431 Linum usitatissimum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 2
- 229920001410 Microfiber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002522 Wood fibre Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000378 calcium silicate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000011491 glass wool Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FFUAGWLWBBFQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethyldisilazane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)N[Si](C)(C)C FFUAGWLWBBFQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003658 microfiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002025 wood fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002012 Aerosil® Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N C60 fullerene Chemical class C12=C3C(C4=C56)=C7C8=C5C5=C9C%10=C6C6=C4C1=C1C4=C6C6=C%10C%10=C9C9=C%11C5=C8C5=C8C7=C3C3=C7C2=C1C1=C2C4=C6C4=C%10C6=C9C9=C%11C5=C5C8=C3C3=C7C1=C1C2=C4C6=C2C9=C5C3=C12 XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005033 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(CCNC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000276425 Xiphophorus maculatus Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006231 channel black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011231 conductive filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004035 construction material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000635 electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910003472 fullerene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002114 nanocomposite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002071 nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012811 non-conductive material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006234 thermal black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/0066—Use of inorganic compounding ingredients
- C08J9/0071—Nanosized fillers, i.e. having at least one dimension below 100 nanometers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
- F16L59/02—Shape or form of insulating materials, with or without coverings integral with the insulating materials
- F16L59/028—Composition or method of fixing a thermally insulating material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/22—After-treatment of expandable particles; Forming foamed products
- C08J9/228—Forming foamed products
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
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- C08K3/02—Elements
- C08K3/04—Carbon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/34—Silicon-containing compounds
- C08K3/36—Silica
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K7/00—Use of ingredients characterised by shape
- C08K7/22—Expanded, porous or hollow particles
- C08K7/24—Expanded, porous or hollow particles inorganic
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L25/00—Compositions of, homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L25/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of hydrocarbons
- C08L25/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of styrene
- C08L25/06—Polystyrene
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L75/00—Compositions of polyureas or polyurethanes; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L75/04—Polyurethanes
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/15—Nano-sized carbon materials
- C01B32/18—Nanoonions; Nanoscrolls; Nanohorns; Nanocones; Nanowalls
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2201/00—Foams characterised by the foaming process
- C08J2201/02—Foams characterised by the foaming process characterised by mechanical pre- or post-treatments
- C08J2201/03—Extrusion of the foamable blend
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2323/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2323/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after treatment
- C08J2323/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of propene
- C08J2323/12—Polypropene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2325/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2325/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of hydrocarbons
- C08J2325/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of styrene
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2325/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2325/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of hydrocarbons
- C08J2325/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of styrene
- C08J2325/08—Copolymers of styrene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2375/00—Characterised by the use of polyureas or polyurethanes; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2375/04—Polyurethanes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
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- C08K2201/002—Physical properties
- C08K2201/005—Additives being defined by their particle size in general
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
- E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
- E04B1/78—Heat insulating elements
- E04B1/80—Heat insulating elements slab-shaped
- E04B1/803—Heat insulating elements slab-shaped with vacuum spaces included in the slab
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- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
Description
特開昭63−183941号公報は、6〜14μmの範囲の波長の赤外線の封鎖において活性である何らかの添加剤を使用して、永久に持続する低い熱伝導度を可能とする断熱熱可塑性樹脂を得ることを提案した最初の文献である。これらすべての添加剤の中で、グラファイトが好ましい。
光学的に厚いサンプル(すなわち、e*・ρ・d >> 1)については、式(6)は以下のように要約される:
一般的に、Λ= 1.4μm〜35μmの赤外線照射についての本発明のカーボン粒子材料の300Kでの全有効比消衰係数e*は、1200〜1700m2/kgの範囲であり、典型的には、1290〜1640m2/kgの範囲である。カーボン粒子材料の全有効比消衰係数e*を計算するためのパラメータは実施例に記載したように得た。
全てのカーボンブラック粉末は、オリオンエンジニアードカーボンズゲゼルシャフトミットベシュレンクテルハフツング(Orion Engineered Carbons GmbH)(ハーナウ、ドイツ)より、市販品として入手可能である。
実施例番号 説明
IE1 ディスクおよびコーンを含むカーボン粒子材料1
IE2 3重量%のIE1を含む発泡ポリスチレンフォーム2
IE3 5重量%のIE1を含む発泡ポリスチレンフォーム2
CE4* 天然グラファイト粉末3
*比較例
1WO98/42621に記載のクベルネルカーボンブラック&水素プロセスで製造
2重量%はポリスチレンの重量に基づく
3カナダのカナダカーボンより入手可能
サンプルは、ブルカー フーリエ変換赤外分光計Vertex 70vを用いて、環境温度での放射熱輸送に決定的な1.4μm〜35μmの波長範囲で測定された。スペクトル方向性半球透過率および反射率の測定のために、粉末試料の薄膜を、赤外線波長域において透明である支持PE層上に拡げた。粉末薄膜は上記PE層に真空ゲージを用いて噴霧される。均一薄膜の調製は、市販の粉末分散システムであるGALAI PD 10を用いて行う。真空チャンバーへの強い空気流入により、上記粉末が塊のない状態、部分的に帯電した細粉となり、ゆっくりと支持体ホイル上に堆積して、適度に安定な試料を形成する。図2は、真空粉末分散システムGALAI PD 10を示す:真空管の最上部のウェル内に配置される粉粒子が開放部に吸い込まれ、PEホイル上に堆積する。30μmおよび500μmの間の厚みの粉末層を粉末の量を変化させることにより達成することができる。
表1に研究された試料の300Kにおける全有効比消衰係数e*が報告されている。式(4)から計算される全有効比消衰係数e*は、誤差約10%〜15%で決定することができる。
Claims (18)
- ディスクおよび中空開放型コーンの形状のカーボン粒子を含むカーボン粒子材料の断熱のための使用。
- 前記中空開放型コーンが、以下の開放角度:19.2°、38.9°、60°、83.6°および112.9°の1つまたは幾つかを有する請求項1の使用。
- 前記カーボンディスクの厚みおよび前記中空開放型カーボンコーンの壁厚が、100nm未満である請求項1または2の使用。
- 前記カーボンディスクおよび前記中空開放型カーボンコーンの最長寸法が5μm未満である請求項1〜3のいずれか一項の使用。
- 前記カーボン粒子材料が、300Kで、Λ=1.4μm〜35μmのIR照射について1200〜1700m2/kgの範囲の全有効比消衰係数e*を有する請求項1〜4のいずれか一項の使用。
- 前記カーボン粒子材料が、少なくとも1つのさらなる材料との組み合わせで用いられる請求項1〜5のいずれか一項の使用。
- 前記の少なくとも1つのさらなる材料が断熱材料である請求項6の使用。
- 前記カーボン粒子材料が不透熱性充填材として用いられる請求項6または7の使用。
- 前記カーボン粒子材料が真空断熱パネル(VIP)に組み込まれる請求項8の使用。
- 前記カーボン粒子材料が、少なくとも1つのさらなる断熱材料を含むマトリックスに組み込まれる請求項8の使用。
- 前記の少なくとも1つのさらなる断熱材料がポリマー材料である請求項10の使用。
- 前記断熱材料が、ビニルポリマーおよびポリウレタンから選択される少なくとも1つのポリマーを含む請求項11の使用。
- 前記断熱材料が、ビニル芳香族ポリマーから選択される少なくとも1つのポリマーを含む請求項12の使用。
- 前記断熱材料がポリマーフォームを含む請求項10〜13のいずれか一項の使用。
- 前記ポリマーフォームが熱可塑性または熱硬化性のポリマーを含む請求項14の使用。
- 前記ポリマーフォームが、発泡性ポリスチレン、スチレンと少なくとも1つの共重合性モノマーとの発泡性共重合体、発泡性ポリプロピレン、押出ポリスチレン、およびポリウレタンフォームの少なくとも1つを含む請求項15の使用。
- 前記カーボン粒子材料がさらなる充填材料とともに用いられる請求項10〜16のいずれか一項の使用。
- 前記さらなる充填材料がヒュームド・シリカである請求項17の使用。
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