JP6257523B2 - 感染性微生物の迅速な検出のための方法及び装置 - Google Patents
感染性微生物の迅速な検出のための方法及び装置 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本出願は、2011年12月22日に出願した“Methods and Apparatus for Rapid Detection of Infectious Microorganisms”と題する米国特許仮出願第61/579,365号の出願日の利益を主張するものであり、その開示は参照により本明細書に組み込まれている。
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6H2O + 6CO2 + ATP
である。別の例では、グルコースのアルコール発酵の式は
C6H12O6 → 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 + 2ATP
である。別の例では、乳酸発酵の式は
C6H12O6 → 2CH3CHOHCOOH + 2ATP
である。水の中にCO2が溶解している場合、炭酸が発生して、炭酸は付随のpH変化を生じる。代謝過程の間または細胞分裂ごとに、細胞分裂の時間のとおり、発生されるプロトンの数またはCO2の量は有機体(生体)ごとに変動する。信頼に足る微生物の存在検出の最小の閾値は500,000プロトンより小さく、50,000プロトンとすることができる。
Claims (15)
- サンプル中の微生物の存在を判定する装置であって、
サンプルを受容するように適合された第一の端部、及び、該サンプルをその中に受容するための容積を含むハウジング、並びに、
チャンバのアレイであって、前記受容したサンプルが該チャンバのアレイの上にあるように該容積内に配置されており、各チャンバは、前記サンプルを受容するために前記ハウジングの前記容積と流体連通しており、及び、イオン感応電界効果トランジスタをその中に配置されて有しており、前記イオン感応電界効果トランジスタは、前記サンプルにおける変化であって、前記サンプル中の微生物の存在及び非存在及び応答のうち少なくとも一つを示す変化を検出するように構成されている、チャンバのアレイ
を備え、
前記チャンバの少なくとも幾つかは、前記チャンバ内の前記容積から受容した少なくとも1つの微生物を収容するように約5μmから約100μmの間の高さと約5μmから約100μmの間の上部開口とを有し、前記チャンバのアレイの各チャンバが、
(a)(1)保護膜、または(2)絶縁体のどちらかによって形成された壁面、及び、
(b)(1)ソース及びドレインに接触している金属酸化層または(2)ソース及びドレインに接触しているゲート誘電のどちらかによって形成された底面
によって形成されており、
前記ハウジングは遠心分離採取管であり、該遠心分離採取管の底部近傍に前記チャンバのアレイが配置されていることを特徴とする装置。 - 請求項1に記載の装置において、さらに、
前記容積及びその中に配置された前記チャンバのアレイに電界を印加するように構成された電気的要素を備えることを特徴とする装置。 - 請求項1に記載の装置において、さらに、
前記容積及びその中に配置された前記チャンバのアレイに磁界を印加するように構成された磁気的要素を備えることを特徴とする装置。 - サンプル中の微生物の存在を判定する方法において、
前記サンプルを、その中にチャンバのアレイを配置されて有するハウジングの容積に導入するステップであって、前記チャンバの少なくとも幾つかは、約5μmから約100μmの間の高さと、その上部における開口であって幅が約5μmから約100μmまでの上部開口を、前記容積から前記チャンバ内に少なくとも1つの微生物を受容するように有し、及び、前記ハウジングは遠心分離採取管であり、そこにおいて、該遠心分離採取管の底部近傍に前記チャンバのアレイが配置されており、前記チャンバのアレイの各チャンバが、
(a)(1)保護膜、または(2)絶縁体のどちらかによって形成された壁面、及び、
(b)(1)ソース及びドレインに接触している金属酸化層または(2)ソース及びドレインに接触しているゲート誘電のどちらかによって形成された底面
によって形成されている、ステップ、
前記サンプル中の少なくとも幾つかの微生物を前記ハウジング内の前記チャンバの少なくとも幾つかの前記上部開口に流入させる条件に前記サンプルをさらすステップであって、前記チャンバの少なくとも幾つかが、その中に配置されたイオン感応電界効果トランジスタを備えている、ステップ、及び、
前記サンプルの前記チャンバ内に配置された部分における変化であって前記微生物の存在及び非存在及び応答のうち少なくとも一つを示す変化を検出するステップ
を有することを特徴とする方法。 - 請求項4に記載の方法において、
前記微生物は、遠心分離によって、前記ハウジング内で前記チャンバのアレイに向かって流されることを特徴とする方法。 - 請求項4に記載の方法において、
前記微生物は、(i)前記サンプルを電界にさらすことによって、または、(ii)前記サンプル中に磁性粒子または常磁性粒子を導入することによって、前記チャンバのアレイに向かって流され、前記磁性粒子または常磁性粒子は、前記微生物を引き付けてそれに結び付くように構成され、及び、前記サンプルを磁界にさらすことを特徴とする方法。 - 請求項4に記載の方法において、さらに、
前記チャンバの少なくとも幾つかに抗菌剤を添加するステップ、及び、
前記抗菌剤を含有する第1チャンバ内で検出されたサンプルにおける変化を、前記抗菌剤を含有しない第2チャンバ内で検出されたサンプルにおける変化と比較することで、前記抗菌剤に対する前記微生物の感受性を判定するステップ
を有することを特徴とする方法。 - 請求項4に記載の方法において、さらに、
前記微生物を増殖させる条件に前記サンプルをさらすステップ、
微生物の増殖を示す条件の変化について前記サンプルを観察するステップ、及び、
前記サンプル条件の前記変化に基づいて前記微生物の増殖曲線を生成するステップ
を有することを特徴とする方法。 - 請求項8に記載の方法において、さらに、
生成された前記微生物の増殖曲線を、1つまたはそれよりも多くの、知られている微生物の標準の増殖曲線と比較することにより、前記微生物の同一性を判定するステップを含むことを特徴とする方法。 - 請求項9に記載の方法において、
前記微生物の増殖曲線を生成する前記ステップは、細胞を経時的に観察すること、または、サンプル条件の値を経時的に観察することを含むことを特徴とする方法。 - 請求項10に記載の方法において、
前記サンプル条件は二酸化炭素の濃度であることを特徴とする方法。 - 請求項8に記載の方法において、
前記増殖曲線をリアルタイムで生成することを特徴とする方法。 - 請求項12に記載の方法において、さらに、
前記サンプルに成分を添加するステップ、及び、
該添加成分に応答する前記増殖曲線における変化を判定するステップ
を有し、
前記成分が、抗生物質、抗真菌剤、または、微生物の栄養素であることを特徴とする方法。 - 請求項1に記載の装置において、
前記イオン感応電界効果トランジスタは、基板、該基板上に設けられたソース電極及びドレイン電極、並びに、前記ソース電極と前記ドレイン電極の間に形成されたギャップを備えることを特徴とする装置。 - 請求項4に記載の方法において、
前記イオン感応電界効果トランジスタは、基板、該基板上に設けられたソース電極及びドレイン電極、並びに、前記ソース電極と前記ドレイン電極の間に形成されたギャップを備えることを特徴とする方法。
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EP2893029B1 (en) | 2012-09-04 | 2017-09-27 | Becton, Dickinson and Company | Bacterial pre-concentration and detection technique |
WO2014080292A2 (en) * | 2012-11-22 | 2014-05-30 | Gulak, Glenn | Integrated sensor for the rapid identification of bacteria using isfets |
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EP2795306A1 (en) | 2014-10-29 |
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