JP6247218B2 - 癌のバイオマーカー - Google Patents
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- JP6247218B2 JP6247218B2 JP2014538904A JP2014538904A JP6247218B2 JP 6247218 B2 JP6247218 B2 JP 6247218B2 JP 2014538904 A JP2014538904 A JP 2014538904A JP 2014538904 A JP2014538904 A JP 2014538904A JP 6247218 B2 JP6247218 B2 JP 6247218B2
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Description
本発明は、国立衛生研究所によって授与された認可番号CA129933により政府支援で行われた。政府は本発明において一定の権利を有する。
本明細書に記載された方法は、被験対象において、癌、例えば、上皮由来の固形腫瘍、例えば、膵臓癌、肺癌、乳癌、前立腺癌、腎臓癌、卵巣癌、または大腸癌の存在を診断し、ならびにその癌についての処置の効力をモニターするために用いることができる。
本方法のいくつかの実施形態において、試料は、血液、血清、および/もしくは血漿、またはそれらの一部もしくは細画分、例えば、血清中の遊離RNAまたは血液中のエキソソーム内のRNAであり、またはそれらを含む。いくつかの実施形態において、試料はCTCを含む(または含むと推測される)。いくつかの実施形態において、試料は、尿またはその一部もしくは細画分であり、またはそれを含む。いくつかの実施形態において、試料は、既知の、または疑いの腫瘍細胞を含み、例えば、生検試料、例えば、穿刺吸引(FNA)細胞診、内視鏡生検、または針生検である。いくつかの実施形態において、試料は、被験対象の膵臓、肺、乳房、前立腺、腎臓、卵巣、または大腸由来の細胞を含む。いくつかの実施形態において、試料は、痰試料から得られる肺細胞、または被験対象の肺からブラッシング、洗浄、気管支鏡生検、経気管支生検、もしくはFNA、例えば、気管支鏡FNA、蛍光透視FNA、もしくはCT誘導型FNA(そのような方法はまた、同様に、他の組織から試料を得るために用いることができる)により得られる肺細胞を含む。いくつかの実施形態において、試料は凍結され、固定され、および/または透過処理され、例えば、ホルマリン固定パラフィン包埋(FFPE)試料である。
当技術分野において知られた任意の方法を、本明細書に記載されているようなバイオマーカーのレベルを検出し、および/または定量化するために用いることができる。例えば、SCG mRNA(転写産物)のレベルは、当技術分野において知られた方法、例えば、ノーザンブロット、RNAインサイチュハイブリダイゼーション(RNA−ISH)、RNA発現アッセイ、例えば、マイクロアレイ分析、RT−PCR、(例えば、ランダムプライマーまたはオリゴTプライマーを用いる)RNAシーケンシング、ディープシーケンシング、クローニング、ノーザンブロット、および例えば、定量的リアルタイムポリメラーゼ連鎖反応(qRT−PCR)を用いて、転写産物を増幅することを用いて評価することができる。RNA発現を決定するための分析技術は知られている。例えば、Sambrookら, Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, 第3版, Cold Spring Harbor Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (2001)を参照。
いくつかの実施形態において、マイクロ流体(例えば、「ラボオンチップ」)デバイスを本方法に用いることができる。そのようなデバイスは、マイクロ流体フローサイトメトリ、連続的なサイズに基づいた分離、およびクロマトグラフィ分離に用いるのに成功している。一般的に、SCG転写産物の発現が循環腫瘍細胞(CTC)において検出される方法は、癌の早期検出、例えば、上皮由来の腫瘍、例えば、膵臓癌、肺癌、乳癌、前立腺癌、腎臓癌、卵巣癌、または大腸癌の早期検出に用いることができる。
いくつかの実施形態において、人が癌を有し、または癌を発症するリスクが増加していることがいったん決定されているならば、処置、例えば、当技術分野において知られているような処置を施すことができる。処置の効力は、本明細書に記載された方法を用いてモニターすることができる。追加の試料は、処置後(または処置中)、例えば、処置の1回または複数回の投与が施された後、評価することができ、SCG転写産物もしくはコード化タンパク質の発現のレベルの減少、または試料中のSCG転写産物もしくはタンパク質発現細胞の数の減少が、その処置が有効であったことを示し、一方、SCG転写産物またはタンパク質発現細胞のレベルに変化がないことまたはその増加は、その処置が有効ではなかったことを示している。方法は、処置の経過中および/または処置が終了した後、例えば、疾患の可能性のある再発をモニターするために、複数回、繰り返すことができる。
Helicos Biosciences社製の次世代デジタル遺伝子発現(DGE)アプリケーション(D. Lipsonら, Nat Biotechnol 27, 652(2009年7月))を利用して、原発性癌およびそれら由来の転移性前駆体において腫瘍マーカーの発現を比較した。まず、本発明者らは、活性化型Krasの組織標的化発現およびTp53の喪失(KrasG12D、Tp53lox/+)を通して発生した原発性マウス膵管腺癌(PDAC)のDGEプロファイルを決定した(N. Bardeesyら, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103, 5947(2006年4月11日))。これらの腫瘍は、事実上、普遍的な突然変異体KRAS(症例の>90%)およびTP53の喪失(50〜60%)を示すヒトPDACの組織病理学的および遺伝学的模倣体である。
マウス原発性膵臓腫瘍のノーザンブロット分析を、以下の通り、実行した。ノーザンブロットを、NorthernMax−Gly Kit(Ambion)を用いて実施した。全RNA(10μg)を、等量のGlyoxal Load Dye(Ambion)と混合し、50℃で30分間、インキュベートした。1%アガロースゲル中での電気泳動後、RNAをBrightStar−Plus膜(Ambion)上へうつし、紫外線で架橋結合させた。膜を、ULTRAhyb緩衝液(Ambion)中、68℃で30分間、プレハイブリダイズさせた。マウスRNAプローブ(1100bp)を、MAXIscript Kit(Ambion)を用いて調製し、BrightStar Psoralen−Biotin Kit(Ambion)を用いて、製造会社の使用説明書に従い、非アイソトープ的に標識した。0.1nMプローブを用いて、膜を、ULTRAhyb緩衝液(Ambion)中、68℃で2時間、ハイブリダイズさせた。膜を、低ストリンジェンシー洗浄で、室温で10分間、洗浄し、続いて、68℃で15分間の2回の高ストリンジェンシーの洗浄を行った。非アイソトープ化学発光検出について、BrightStar BioDetect Kitを、製造会社の使用説明書に従って用いた。
ヒト腫瘍もまたサテライトncRNAを過剰発現するかどうかを試験するために、本発明者らは、DGE分析をヒト膵臓癌の検体へ広げた。ヒト膵臓腫瘍組織を、Massachusetts General HospitalからIRBプロトコールに従って、余分な廃棄されるヒト材料として入手した。腫瘍全体を切除し、核酸抽出前に、液体窒素中で新鮮凍結した。正常膵臓RNAを、2つの商業的ベンダーのClontechおよびAmbionから入手した。上の実施例1に記載されているように、試料を調製し、分析した。
異なる組織像および遺伝的バックグラウンドの25個の異なるマウス組織についての包括的なDGEプロファイルの作成は、細胞転写産物の発現をサテライトの発現と、幅広い定量的範囲にわたって相関させることを可能にした。そのような同時制御される遺伝子を同定するために、DGEによって定量化された全てのアノテートされた転写産物を、線形回帰分析に供し、サテライト発現に対する最高の相関係数を有する転写産物を順序づけた。
上で記載された(および表7に列挙された)ように、Helicos RNAシーケンシング判定基準から同定された候補SCGを、Affymetrix QUANTIGENEプローブを用いてさらに評価した。4つの原発性膵管腺癌(PDAC)由来の全RNAを、QUANTIGENE Plex RNAアッセイを用いて分析した。結果は下記(表8)に示されている。
本発明は、その詳細な説明と共に記載されているが、前述の説明は、例証することを意図され、本発明の範囲を限定することを意図するものではなく、本発明の範囲は、添付された特許請求の範囲によって定義される。他の態様、利点、および改変は、以下の特許請求の範囲の範囲内である。
Claims (16)
- 被験対象において膵臓癌の存在を検出するインビトロ方法であって、
該対象由来の試験細胞を含む試料において、HSP90BB(熱ショックタンパク質90kDa α(細胞質))の発現レベルを決定して、試験値を得るステップ、ならびに
試験値を基準値と比較するステップを含み、
基準値より有意に上である試験値が、該対象が膵臓癌を有することを示す、方法。 - 基準値のレベルが、正常細胞におけるHSP90BBのレベルである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 正常細胞が、同じ被験対象における試験細胞と同じ型の細胞である、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 正常細胞が、膵臓癌を有しない被験対象における試験細胞と同じ型の細胞である、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 試料が、腫瘍細胞を含むものである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 試料が、循環腫瘍細胞(CTC)を含む血液試料、または腫瘍細胞を含む生検試料である、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 被験対象において膵臓癌の処置の効力を評価するインビトロ方法であって、
該対象が膵臓癌の処置を受ける前の該対象由来の試料において、HSP90BBの発現レベルを決定して、最初の値を得るステップ、
該対象が膵臓癌の処置を受けた後、該対象から得られた試料において、前記HSP90BBのレベルを決定して、処置値を得るステップ、ならびに
最初の値を処置値と比較するステップを含み、
最初の値より下である処置値が、処置が有効であることを示す、方法。 - 最初の試料および2番目の試料が、腫瘍細胞を含むものである、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 試料が、循環腫瘍細胞(CTC)を含む血液試料、または腫瘍細胞を含む生検試料である、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 処置が外科的介入、化学療法、放射線療法、またはそれらの組み合わせの施与を含む、請求項7または8に記載の方法。
- HSP90BBのレベルを決定するステップが、転写産物のレベルを決定することを含む、請求項1から10のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 転写産物のレベルを決定することが、転写産物へ特異的に結合するオリゴヌクレオチドプローブと試料を接触させることを含む、請求項11に記載の方法。
- プローブが標識されたものである、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 転写産物を増幅することを含む、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 転写産物のレベルを決定することが、RNAシーケンシングを実施することを含む、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 被験対象がヒトである、請求項1から15のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
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