JP6230033B2 - 貴金属の回収方法 - Google Patents
貴金属の回収方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP6230033B2 JP6230033B2 JP2015555080A JP2015555080A JP6230033B2 JP 6230033 B2 JP6230033 B2 JP 6230033B2 JP 2015555080 A JP2015555080 A JP 2015555080A JP 2015555080 A JP2015555080 A JP 2015555080A JP 6230033 B2 JP6230033 B2 JP 6230033B2
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- Prior art keywords
- yeast
- noble metal
- ions
- gold
- strain
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/18—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes with the aid of microorganisms or enzymes, e.g. bacteria or algae
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/14—Fungi; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/145—Fungal isolates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/14—Fungi; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/16—Yeasts; Culture media therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/14—Fungi; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/16—Yeasts; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/18—Baker's yeast; Brewer's yeast
- C12N1/185—Saccharomyces isolates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P3/00—Preparation of elements or inorganic compounds except carbon dioxide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B11/00—Obtaining noble metals
- C22B11/04—Obtaining noble metals by wet processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12R—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS
- C12R2001/00—Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
- C12R2001/645—Fungi ; Processes using fungi
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12R—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS
- C12R2001/00—Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
- C12R2001/645—Fungi ; Processes using fungi
- C12R2001/85—Saccharomyces
- C12R2001/865—Saccharomyces cerevisiae
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
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Description
種々の酒粕・味噌等の発酵塩性食品から酵母をスクリーニングした。単離源試料を滅菌水に懸濁し、験濁液を13%のNaClを含むYPD(2%グルコース、0.5%酵母エキス、0.5%ペプトン)平板培地に塗布し、30℃、48時間培養後、生育してきたコロニーを単離した。単離した菌株を検鏡により酵母を選別した。得られた耐塩性酵母菌株を200μMの塩化カドミウムを含むYPD液体培地に接種後、30℃で静置培養した。72時間目までに生育した菌株の菌体カドミウム含量を計測し、前記のSaccharomyces cerevisiae B株よりも多い量のカドミウムを含有する株を単離した。
上記2株の酵母をそれぞれYPD培地に接種した後、30℃、48時間静置培養した。培養した菌体を回収した後、1.0mmol/m3の金イオン(Au3+)を含む塩化金の水溶液に、B株の菌体濃度が0.8×108cells/ml、D株の菌体濃度が1.0×108cells/mlとなるようにそれぞれ酵母を加えた。酵母を加えた後、30℃で静置し、溶液の金濃度の変化及び溶液の色調変化を調べた。また、電子供与体としてギ酸ナトリウムを50mmol/m3となるように加えた場合、同じく水素ガスを溶液中に供給した場合についても同様の実験を行った。その結果を図1に示した。また、TEM(透過型電子顕微鏡:Transmission Electron Microscope)を用いて、ギ酸ナトリウムの存在下24時間接触後の酵母を撮影した。その結果を図2に示した。
濃度1.0mmol/lの塩化パラジウムの水溶液に、上記と同濃度の酵母を加え、電子供与体としてギ酸ナトリウム、乳酸ナトリウムを用いて金の場合と同様の実験を行った。その結果を図3に示す。また、ギ酸ナトリウムの存在下で24時間接触した後の酵母のTEM画像を図4に示す。溶液の色も全ての系において、黄色からレモン色であったのが、D株ではギ酸ナトリウムの存在下では約2.5時間後に、また、乳酸ナトリウムの存在下では約4時間後に黒色に変化していた。また、B株でも24時間後には黒色に変化していた。パラジウムのナノ粒子はプラズモン吸収により黒色を示すことが知られている。これらのことから、電子供与体の存在下で、酵母はPdイオンを還元して菌体内にPdを蓄積することが確認された。
1.27mmol/m3の金イオン(Au3+)を含む塩化金の水溶液に、菌体濃度が1.5×1015cells/mlとなるように酵母を加えた。酵母を加えた後、30℃で静置し、溶液の金濃度の変化及び溶液の色調変化を調べた。また、電子供与体としてギ酸ナトリウムを50mmol/m3となるように加えた場合についても同様の実験を行った。その結果を図5〜7に示した。図中のパーセンテージは、24時間後の濃度の低下割合を示す。この間、溶液のpHは6.5〜6.7に保たれていたが、溶液の金イオン濃度は低下した。また、溶液の色はギ酸ナトリウムの存在下でピンク色から紫色に変色しており、金イオンの還元が認められた。なお、対照であるギ酸ナトリウムのみを加えた場合には、酵母によるバイオ還元が顕著に起こる酵母添加直後の時間内では、金イオン濃度の顕著な低下が見られず、この間には化学還元が起こっていないことが確認された(図示せず)。その一方、ギ酸ナトリウムを加えない場合にも金イオン濃度の低下が認められており、これらの酵母において、電子供与体の非存在下では還元だけでなくイオンの吸着及び吸収が生じていると考えられる。また、ギ酸ナトリウムの存在下で金イオンと接触させた後のパン酵母について粉末X線回析を行った結果、金イオンが還元されて金(金属)が生産されることが確認された(図8参照)。そして、酵母菌体内に金粒子が蓄積されることは、当該酵母のTME画像やEDXマッピングからも確認された(図9、図10参照)。
1.2mmol/m3のパラジウムイオン(Pd2+)を含む塩化パラジウムの水溶液に、菌体濃度が1.5×1014cells/ml(但し、パン酵母は1.5×1015cells/ml)となるように酵母を加えた。酵母を加えた後、30℃で静置し、溶液のパラジウム濃度の変化及び溶液の色調変化を調べた。また、電子供与体としてギ酸ナトリウムを50mmol/m3となるように加えた場合についても同様の実験を行った。その結果を図11〜13に示した。図中のパーセンテージは、24時間後の濃度の低下割合を示す。この間、溶液のpHは6.5〜6.7に保たれていた一方、溶液のパラジウムイオン濃度は低下した。また、溶液の色はギ酸ナトリウムの存在下で黒色に変色しており、パラジウムイオンの還元が認められた。なお、対照であるギ酸ナトリウムのみを加えた場合には、酵母によるバイオ還元が顕著に起こる酵母添加直後の時間内では、パラジウムイオン濃度の顕著な低下が見られず、この間には化学還元が起こっていないことが確認された(図示せず)その一方、ギ酸ナトリウムを加えない場合にもパラジウムイオン濃度の低下が認められており、これらの酵母において電子供与体の非存在下では還元よりもイオンの吸着及び吸収が生じていると考えられる。また、ギ酸ナトリウムの存在下でパラジウムイオンと接触させた後のパン酵母について粉末X線回析を行った結果、パラジウムイオンが還元されてパラジウム(金属)が生産されることが確認された(図14参照)。そして、酵母菌体内にパラジウム粒子が蓄積されることは、当該酵母のTME画像やEDXマッピングからも確認された(図15、図16参照)。
Claims (5)
- 貴金属イオンを含む液体中で酵母と前記貴金属イオンを接触させて、酵母の菌体内に還元体である貴金属を蓄積させる工程を有する貴金属回収方法。
- 前記貴金属イオンを含む液体は、電子供与体の無添加溶液である請求項1に記載の貴金属回収方法。
- 前記貴金属イオンを含む液体は、電子供与体の添加溶液である請求項1に記載の貴金属回収方法。
- 前記貴金属イオンは、金、銀、白金、パラジウム、ロジウム、イリジウム、ルテニウム、オスミウムからなる群から選ばれる1種又は2種以上のイオンである請求項1〜3の何れか1項に記載の貴金属回収方法。
- サッカロマイセス属、ジゴサッカロマイセス属、シゾサッカロマイセス属、デバリオマイセス属の酵母の何れか1種又は2種以上の酵母と接触させる請求項1〜4の何れか1項に記載の貴金属回収方法。
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