WO2015099189A1 - 貴金属の回収方法 - Google Patents
貴金属の回収方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015099189A1 WO2015099189A1 PCT/JP2014/084726 JP2014084726W WO2015099189A1 WO 2015099189 A1 WO2015099189 A1 WO 2015099189A1 JP 2014084726 W JP2014084726 W JP 2014084726W WO 2015099189 A1 WO2015099189 A1 WO 2015099189A1
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- yeast
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- gold
- palladium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/18—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes with the aid of microorganisms or enzymes, e.g. bacteria or algae
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/14—Fungi; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/145—Fungal isolates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/14—Fungi; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/16—Yeasts; Culture media therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/14—Fungi; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/16—Yeasts; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/18—Baker's yeast; Brewer's yeast
- C12N1/185—Saccharomyces isolates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P3/00—Preparation of elements or inorganic compounds except carbon dioxide
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B11/00—Obtaining noble metals
- C22B11/04—Obtaining noble metals by wet processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12R—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS
- C12R2001/00—Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
- C12R2001/645—Fungi ; Processes using fungi
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12R—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS
- C12R2001/00—Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
- C12R2001/645—Fungi ; Processes using fungi
- C12R2001/85—Saccharomyces
- C12R2001/865—Saccharomyces cerevisiae
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for recovering noble metals.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2011-52315 discloses a method of recovering using a chelating agent after adsorbing a specific metal ion to a yeast that adsorbs the specific metal ion.
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-77008 discloses a method for recovering a marine product waste by immersing it in an aqueous solution containing lactic acid bacteria, yeast and hydrocarbons, followed by fermentation treatment.
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No.
- Patent Document 4 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-284556
- Patent Document 5 Japanese Patent Publication No. 2009-538127
- a method of recovering a metal using a body is disclosed.
- the protein shown in Patent Document 4 is a histidine polypeptide, and Patent Document 4 shows that it is recovered as a metal ion.
- the protein shown in Patent Document 5 is phytokeratin synthase or metallothionein, and is shown to be recovered as a complex of metal and protein.
- these methods are methods for recovering metal as metal ions.
- the metal ions are separated from the complex with protein in an operation of reducing the recovered metal ions and further, The operation to do is necessary.
- Patent Document 6 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2007-113116 describes a method of recovering a metal from a metal oxide or metal hydroxide by the action of iron-reducing bacteria. In this method, it can be recovered as a metal (reduced form) in the iron-reducing bacteria.
- Non-Patent Document 1 describes that metabolites secreted from the natural world by Delftia acidovorans reduce and deposit trivalent Au ions in the culture medium into Au nanoparticles.
- yeast reduces noble metal ions and accumulates them in the cells as metals.
- JP 2011-52315 A Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-77008 JP 2004-33837 A JP 2003-284556 A JP-T 2009-538127 JP 2007-113116 A
- An object of the present invention is to provide means for recovering a noble metal ion as a noble metal as a reductant thereof using the reducing power of yeast.
- the method according to the present invention includes a step of bringing a yeast and the noble metal ion into contact with each other in a liquid containing the noble metal ion to accumulate a noble metal as a reductant in the yeast.
- a noble metal ion can be reduced using yeast and recovered as a noble metal as a reductant.
- FIG. 1 is a graph showing the result of gold reduction by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Debaryomyces hansenii.
- the B strain is Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY4741 and the D strain is Debaryomyces hansenii NITE BP-01780.
- FIG. 2 is a TEM image of yeast (B strain) after 24 hours contact with gold ions in the presence of formate.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing reduction results of palladium by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Debaryomyces hansenii.
- the B strain is Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY4741 and the D strain is Debaryomyces hansenii NITE BP-01780.
- FIG. 1 is a graph showing the result of gold reduction by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Debaryomyces hansenii.
- the B strain is Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY4741 and the D strain is Debaryo
- FIG. 4 is a TEM image of yeast (B strain) after 24 hours of contact with palladium ions in the presence of formate.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing the result of gold reduction by baker's yeast (budding yeast Saccahromyces cerevisiae NBRC 2044).
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing the result of gold reduction by fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe FY15985 strain).
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing the result of gold reduction by miso yeast (Zygosaccharomyces rouxii NBRC 1130 strain).
- FIG. 8 shows the results of powder X-ray diffraction measured by drying (50 ° C., 48 hours) baker's yeast (budding yeast S.
- FIG. 9 shows a TEM image of baker's yeast (budding yeast S. cerevisiae) after contact with gold ions in the presence of formate for 24 hours, and an enlarged image of a part of the yeast.
- FIG. 10 is an image showing the results of EDX analysis of baker's yeast (budding yeast S. cerevisiae) after contact with gold ions in the presence of formate for 24 hours, (a) is an image by HAADF, (b ) Is an image after gold element mapping. The white part in FIG. 5A shows gold particles, and the white part is mapped in FIG. FIG.
- FIG. 11 is a graph showing the reduction results of palladium by baker's yeast (budding yeast Saccahromyces cerevisiae NBRC 2044 strain).
- FIG. 12 is a graph showing the reduction results of palladium by fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe FY15985 strain).
- FIG. 13 is a graph showing the reduction results of palladium by miso yeast (Zygosaccharomyces rouxii NBRC 1130 strain).
- FIG. 14 shows the results of powder X-ray diffraction measured by drying (50 ° C., 48 hours) baker's yeast (budding yeast S. cerevisiae) after contact with palladium ions in the presence of formate for 24 hours.
- FIG. 15 shows a TEM image of baker's yeast (budding yeast S. cerevisiae) after contact with palladium ions in the presence of formate for 24 hours, and an enlarged image of a part of the yeast.
- FIG. 16 is an image showing the result of EDX analysis of baker's yeast (budding yeast S. cerevisiae) after contact with palladium ions in the presence of formate for 24 hours, (a) is an image by HAADF, (b ) Is an image after mapping of palladium element. The white part of the figure (a) shows a palladium particle, and the white part is mapped in the figure (b).
- the method according to the present invention is a method comprising a step of bringing a yeast and the noble metal ion into contact with each other in a liquid containing the noble metal ion and accumulating the noble metal as a reductant in the yeast. That is, the present invention is characterized in that noble metal ions are recovered as noble metals using the reducing power of yeast.
- yeast that can be used in the present invention may be any yeast as long as it can reduce the noble metal ions in the cells.
- yeast is not limited to the genus Saccharomyces and is used in a broad sense including other yeasts.
- Yeasts that can be used in the present invention include, for example, the genus Saccharomyces, Candida, Torulopsis, Zygosaccharomyces, Schizosaccharomyces, Pichia, and Pichia, Genus Yarrowia, Hansenula, Kluyveromyces, Debaryomyces, Geotrichum, Wickerhamia, Ferromyces, Sporoboromyces (Sporobolomyces) yeast, among which yeast belonging to the genus Saccharomyces, Digosaccharomyces, Schizosaccharomyces and Debariomyces is preferred.
- the yeast of the genus Saccharomyces is a representative yeast of the budding yeast, for example, S. bayanus, S. boulardii, S. bulderi, S. cariocanus, S. cariocus, S. cerevisiae, S. chevalieri, S. dairenensis, S. ellipsoideus, S. florentinus, S. kluyveri, S. martiniae, S. monacensis, S. norbensis It can be S.Sparadoxus, S.spastorianus, S. spencerorum, S. turicensis, S.sunisporus, S. uvarum, S. zonatus.
- the genus Digosaccharomyces is a salt-tolerant yeast and is a yeast isolated from miso or soy sauce, for example, Z. ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ rouxii.
- the yeast of the genus Schizosaccharomyces is a fission yeast, for example S. cryophilus, S. japonicus, S. octosporus, S. pombe.
- yeast belonging to the genus Devariomyces deposited with the deposit number NITE BP-01780 (Room 2-5-8, Kazusa-Kamashita, Kisarazu City, Chiba, Japan, Room 122, National Institute of Technology and Evaluation, Patent Microorganism Depositary Center) Debaryomyces hansenii) is also exemplified.
- the metal that can be recovered by the method according to the present invention is a noble metal.
- gold and platinum group metals more specifically gold, silver, platinum, palladium, rhodium, iridium, ruthenium, and osmium. .
- the contact between the noble metal ions of these noble metals and the yeast is carried out in a liquid.
- the yeast may be a living bacterium or a dead bacterium as long as the reducing function is exhibited.
- the liquid should just be the environment where the function of yeast is exhibited.
- water alone may be used, and pH adjusting agents such as potassium hydrogen phosphate and / or sodium chloride (sodium chloride derived from physiological saline used for suspending yeast or sodium chloride for isotonicity) ) Only.
- the liquid is a solution (addition solution) in which an electron donor is artificially added, and may be a solution in which an electron donor is not artificially added (non-addition solution).
- the electron donor may be, for example, a low molecular organic acid and / or a salt or alcohol thereof, or hydrogen gas.
- organic acids include aliphatic carboxylic acids having 1 to 7 carbon atoms such as formic acid, acetic acid and lactic acid, aromatic carboxylic acids having 1 to 7 carbon groups such as benzoic acid, pyruvic acid and oxocarboxylic acids. possible.
- the alcohol can be, for example, an aliphatic alcohol having 1 to 7 carbon atoms such as methanol or ethanol.
- the addition of these electron donors contributes to the reduction of the noble metal ions and can increase the amount of reduction (reduction power) of the noble metal ions. In the present invention, since the final acceptor of electrons supplied from the electron donor is considered to be a metal ion, the addition of the electron acceptor is not essential.
- the liquid does not require nutrients necessary for the growth of the yeast, but may be a liquid containing the minimum nutrients (nitrogen source and carbon source) necessary for the growth of the yeast.
- nutrients are nutrients used for culturing yeast and can be, for example, sucrose, glucose, lactose, yeast extract, meat extract, bouillon, polypeptone, and peptone.
- the liquid to be contacted with yeast is prepared by adding these nutrients to a liquid containing noble metal ions, or adding a liquid containing noble metal ions to be recovered in a solution containing these nutrients.
- the liquid containing nutrients is, for example, a YPD medium specialized for yeast, and may be a bouillon medium that is a general-purpose medium.
- the liquid containing the noble metal ions can be prepared from the object to be collected by a known method.
- the preparation method is, for example, a method of suspending in water if it is soil and performing an acid treatment if necessary, and a method of performing an acid treatment and performing a filtration or neutralization treatment if necessary if it is a mineral or alloy. It is.
- the object to be recovered may be any object that can be extracted as noble metal ions, regardless of whether it is a salt or a metal such as an alloy, and whether it is a liquid or a solid. If it contains an ion, it will not specifically limit.
- the liquid containing noble metal ions may contain non-noble metals other than the noble metals or non-noble metal ions.
- the pH and temperature of the liquid brought into contact with the yeast are matters that can be appropriately set by those skilled in the art.
- the pH of the liquid is preferably from about neutral to slightly acidic at about pH 5 and the temperature is preferably 25 to 35 ° C.
- the contact time varies depending on the yeast cell density and the concentration of noble metal ions, but is approximately 1 to 48 hours. By contact with yeast for this amount of time, the noble metal ions are reduced in the yeast cells, Accumulated in the yeast cells as noble metals (grains). Moreover, it is preferable to shake the liquid during contact with the yeast. This is because the movement speed at which the noble metal ions in the liquid diffuse to the yeast surface is increased.
- the concentration of noble metal ions in the liquid that is brought into contact with the yeast is a matter that can be appropriately set by those skilled in the art.
- the precious metal ion concentration varies depending on the yeast cell concentration, it is generally 0.01 to 100 mmol / l, preferably 0.1 to 10 mmol / l.
- the addition amount of the electron donor can also be set as appropriate.
- the addition amount of the electron donor varies depending on the metal species and the number of cells, but with the above-mentioned noble metal ion concentration, the concentration in the liquid to be contacted with the yeast is generally 0.01 to 1000 mmol / l, It is about the same as or higher than the ion concentration, preferably about 10 times.
- the noble metal reduced by destroying the yeast cells after contact with the noble metal ions is recovered as noble metal grains (noble metal crystals). Since the density of the recovered metal particles is high, the metal particles are precipitated in a solution in which the cells are destroyed, and the precipitate is easily recovered by a known method. Moreover, you may collect
- the method of the present invention is a method of recovering noble metal ions as metals (grains) in yeast cells using the reducing power of yeast, recovery from yeast is easy.
- the yeast cells are larger than the iron-reducing bacteria cells (the iron-reducing cells are about 1 micron, the yeast cells are about 5 microns), the solid-liquid separation of the cells is possible. It is easier than the cells of iron-reducing bacteria.
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY4741 strain: B strain
- Debaryomyces hansenii D strain
- This debariomys hansen yi was isolated as follows, with the deposit number NITE BP-01780, the international depositary authority, 2-5-8, Kazusa Kamashi, Kisarazu City, Chiba, Japan Room 122 Product Evaluation Technology Deposited on December 6, 2013 at the Japan Foundation Microbiology Depositary Center.
- Yeast was screened from various fermented salt foods such as sake lees and miso.
- the source sample was suspended in sterilized water, and the test suspension was applied to a YPD (2% glucose, 0.5% yeast extract, 0.5% peptone) plate medium containing 13% NaCl. After time culture, growing colonies were isolated.
- the isolated strain was screened for yeast.
- the obtained salt-tolerant yeast strain was inoculated into a YPD liquid medium containing 200 ⁇ M cadmium chloride and then statically cultured at 30 ° C. The cadmium content of the bacterial strains grown up to 72 hours was measured, and a strain containing a larger amount of cadmium than the Saccharomyces cerevisiae B strain was isolated.
- the above two strains of yeast were each inoculated into a YPD medium and then statically cultured at 30 ° C. for 48 hours. After recovering the cultured bacterial cells, the bacterial cell concentration of B strain was 0.8 ⁇ 10 8 cells / ml in an aqueous solution of gold chloride containing 1.0 mmol / m 3 of gold ions (Au 3+ ). Yeast was added so that the bacterial cell concentration was 1.0 ⁇ 10 8 cells / ml. After adding the yeast, the mixture was allowed to stand at 30 ° C., and the change in the gold concentration of the solution and the change in the color tone of the solution were examined.
- the pH was kept at 6.5 to 6.6 in all the strains regardless of the presence or absence of the electron donor, while the Au concentration in the solution decreased.
- the color of the solution after 24 hours of contact changed from pale purple to pink before starting the experiment, from pale purple to pink.
- the phenomenon in which ultrafine metal particles absorb light of a specific wavelength (plasmon absorption) is a well-known phenomenon, and when this particle is present, a color change is observed. It depends on the type. When plasmon absorption occurs, it is generally known that gold nanoparticles exhibit “purple to pink (color changes with particle diameter)”. As a result, it was judged that metal fine particles were generated in the solution. Further, as shown in FIG. 2, Au metal fine particles were confirmed not only outside the yeast cells but also inside the yeast cells from the TEM image. From these facts, it is determined that these yeasts reduce Au ions and accumulate Au in the cells regardless of the presence or absence of an electron donor.
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Saccharomyces cerevisiae NBRC ⁇ ⁇ 2044 strain), baker's yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe FY15985 strain as fission yeast, and Digosaccharomyces rubii (Zygosaccharomyces roux 130 ⁇ ⁇ roux RC1) using Ms. yeast.
- yeast B strain D strain and fission yeast in the absence of an electron donor
- yeasts widely used for fermentation such as bread and miso in the presence of an electron donor are representative. It can be said that various yeasts can be used for the reduction of precious metals.
- the present invention provides a method for recovering noble metal ions in a solution as noble metals using yeast.
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Abstract
Description
種々の酒粕・味噌等の発酵塩性食品から酵母をスクリーニングした。単離源試料を滅菌水に懸濁し、験濁液を13%のNaClを含むYPD(2%グルコース、0.5%酵母エキス、0.5%ペプトン)平板培地に塗布し、30℃、48時間培養後、生育してきたコロニーを単離した。単離した菌株を検鏡により酵母を選別した。得られた耐塩性酵母菌株を200μMの塩化カドミウムを含むYPD液体培地に接種後、30℃で静置培養した。72時間目までに生育した菌株の菌体カドミウム含量を計測し、前記のSaccharomyces cerevisiae B株よりも多い量のカドミウムを含有する株を単離した。
上記2株の酵母をそれぞれYPD培地に接種した後、30℃、48時間静置培養した。培養した菌体を回収した後、1.0mmol/m3の金イオン(Au3+)を含む塩化金の水溶液に、B株の菌体濃度が0.8×108cells/ml、D株の菌体濃度が1.0×108cells/mlとなるようにそれぞれ酵母を加えた。酵母を加えた後、30℃で静置し、溶液の金濃度の変化及び溶液の色調変化を調べた。また、電子供与体としてギ酸ナトリウムを50mmol/m3となるように加えた場合、同じく水素ガスを溶液中に供給した場合についても同様の実験を行った。その結果を図1に示した。また、TEM(透過型電子顕微鏡:Transmission Electron Microscope)を用いて、ギ酸ナトリウムの存在下24時間接触後の酵母を撮影した。その結果を図2に示した。
濃度1.0mmol/lの塩化パラジウムの水溶液に、上記と同濃度の酵母を加え、電子供与体としてギ酸ナトリウム、乳酸ナトリウムを用いて金の場合と同様の実験を行った。その結果を図3に示す。また、ギ酸ナトリウムの存在下で24時間接触した後の酵母のTEM画像を図4に示す。溶液の色も全ての系において、黄色からレモン色であったのが、D株ではギ酸ナトリウムの存在下では約2.5時間後に、また、乳酸ナトリウムの存在下では約4時間後に黒色に変化していた。また、B株でも24時間後には黒色に変化していた。パラジウムのナノ粒子はプラズモン吸収により黒色を示すことが知られている。これらのことから、電子供与体の存在下で、酵母はPdイオンを還元して菌体内にPdを蓄積することが確認された。
1.27mmol/m3の金イオン(Au3+)を含む塩化金の水溶液に、菌体濃度が1.5×1015cells/mlとなるように酵母を加えた。酵母を加えた後、30℃で静置し、溶液の金濃度の変化及び溶液の色調変化を調べた。また、電子供与体としてギ酸ナトリウムを50mmol/m3となるように加えた場合についても同様の実験を行った。その結果を図5~7に示した。図中のパーセンテージは、24時間後の濃度の低下割合を示す。この間、溶液のpHは6.5~6.7に保たれていたが、溶液の金イオン濃度は低下した。また、溶液の色はギ酸ナトリウムの存在下でピンク色から紫色に変色しており、金イオンの還元が認められた。なお、対照であるギ酸ナトリウムのみを加えた場合には、酵母によるバイオ還元が顕著に起こる酵母添加直後の時間内では、金イオン濃度の顕著な低下が見られず、この間には化学還元が起こっていないことが確認された(図示せず)。その一方、ギ酸ナトリウムを加えない場合にも金イオン濃度の低下が認められており、これらの酵母において、電子供与体の非存在下では還元だけでなくイオンの吸着及び吸収が生じていると考えられる。また、ギ酸ナトリウムの存在下で金イオンと接触させた後のパン酵母について粉末X線回析を行った結果、金イオンが還元されて金(金属)が生産されることが確認された(図8参照)。そして、酵母菌体内に金粒子が蓄積されることは、当該酵母のTME画像やEDXマッピングからも確認された(図9、図10参照)。
1.2mmol/m3のパラジウムイオン(Pd2+)を含む塩化パラジウムの水溶液に、菌体濃度が1.5×1014cells/ml(但し、パン酵母は1.5×1015cells/ml)となるように酵母を加えた。酵母を加えた後、30℃で静置し、溶液のパラジウム濃度の変化及び溶液の色調変化を調べた。また、電子供与体としてギ酸ナトリウムを50mmol/m3となるように加えた場合についても同様の実験を行った。その結果を図11~13に示した。図中のパーセンテージは、24時間後の濃度の低下割合を示す。この間、溶液のpHは6.5~6.7に保たれていた一方、溶液のパラジウムイオン濃度は低下した。また、溶液の色はギ酸ナトリウムの存在下で黒色に変色しており、パラジウムイオンの還元が認められた。なお、対照であるギ酸ナトリウムのみを加えた場合には、酵母によるバイオ還元が顕著に起こる酵母添加直後の時間内では、パラジウムイオン濃度の顕著な低下が見られず、この間には化学還元が起こっていないことが確認された(図示せず)その一方、ギ酸ナトリウムを加えない場合にもパラジウムイオン濃度の低下が認められており、これらの酵母において電子供与体の非存在下では還元よりもイオンの吸着及び吸収が生じていると考えられる。また、ギ酸ナトリウムの存在下でパラジウムイオンと接触させた後のパン酵母について粉末X線回析を行った結果、パラジウムイオンが還元されてパラジウム(金属)が生産されることが確認された(図14参照)。そして、酵母菌体内にパラジウム粒子が蓄積されることは、当該酵母のTME画像やEDXマッピングからも確認された(図15、図16参照)。
Claims (5)
- 貴金属イオンを含む液体中で酵母と前記貴金属イオンを接触させて、酵母の菌体内に還元体である貴金属を蓄積させる工程を有する貴金属回収方法。
- 前記貴金属イオンを含む液体は、電子供与体の無添加溶液である請求項1に記載の貴金属回収方法。
- 前記貴金属イオンを含む液体は、電子供与体の添加溶液である請求項1に記載の貴金属回収方法。
- 前記貴金属イオンは、金、銀、白金、パラジウム、ロジウム、イリジウム、ルテニウム、オスミウムからなる群から選ばれる1種又は2種以上のイオンである請求項1~3の何れか1項に記載の貴金属回収方法。
- サッカロマイセス属、ジゴサッカロマイセス属、シゾサッカロマイセス属、デバリオマイセス属の酵母の何れか1種又は2種以上の酵母と接触させる請求項1~4の何れか1項に記載の貴金属回収方法。
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JP2017020100A (ja) * | 2015-07-09 | 2017-01-26 | 公立大学法人大阪府立大学 | 金属回収用バッグ、金属回収用包装体並びに金属の回収方法 |
JP2017088990A (ja) * | 2015-11-17 | 2017-05-25 | 公立大学法人大阪府立大学 | 放射性の白金族金属の回収方法 |
WO2018038218A1 (ja) * | 2016-08-24 | 2018-03-01 | 公立大学法人大阪府立大学 | 希少金属の回収方法 |
JP2020122220A (ja) * | 2020-04-27 | 2020-08-13 | 公立大学法人大阪 | 放射性の白金族金属の回収方法 |
WO2023286850A1 (ja) * | 2021-07-14 | 2023-01-19 | 東洋エンジニアリング株式会社 | 金属の回収方法 |
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