JP6207434B2 - Root crop harvesting machine - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a root vegetable harvesting machine that can freely harvest root vegetables planted in a field, and more particularly to a root vegetable harvesting machine that includes a harvesting section on one side of the front end of a traveling machine body.

In the cultivation of root vegetables, for example, expecting the effects such as suppression of weeds, moisturization of soil, suppression of runoff of fertilizer, and prevention of soil hardening, multi-sheets can be used in the field (for example, ) May be laid in a state of covering 畝).
Root vegetables grow in a field covered with a multi-sheet, extend from the hole formed in the multi-sheet to the ground surface, and are harvested by a root vegetable harvester at the harvest time.
A multi-sheet with a hole is left on the surface of the field after harvesting, but this is manually collected.

Conventionally, as this kind of root vegetable harvesting machine, the harvesting part has been configured to pull out the root vegetables stems and leaves that are planted in the straw, and to process the weeds. The separated root vegetable body was formed so as to be collected in a container such as a container.
In addition, some harvesting units have a horizontal wing-like soil breaking body that makes it easier to harvest by cutting the surrounding soil before extracting the root vegetables from the straw (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

This soil breaking body is configured as a horizontal wing that reaches the lower ground of the root vegetables from the side of the cocoon, and this horizontal wing is installed with a slight inclination on the front side. Therefore, when the soil breaking body moves forward together with the traveling machine, it becomes possible to break the soil while lifting it up. As a result, the soil around the root vegetables buried in the upper part loosens, and the root vegetables can be easily pulled out. It becomes.
In addition to the soil loosening action, the side edges of the multi-sheet that covers the top of the straw are lifted up to make it easier to grow after harvesting.

JP 2003-204711 A (paragraph number [0068], FIG. 5, FIG. 6, FIG. 13)

  According to the conventional root vegetable harvesting machine described above, the back side of the multi-sheet left on the straw may be attached to the straw soil. Therefore, even if the side edge of the multi-sheet that has been rolled up by the soil-crushing body is grabbed by hand and recovered while being pulled up, there is a risk that adhesion resistance will be greatly affected, requiring considerable force and complicated work It becomes.

  Furthermore, since the multi-sheet is originally thin and low in strength, and there is a possibility that the performance deteriorates due to aging and running of the traveling aircraft, if you apply a large force when grasping it with your hand and peeling it off , Only the gripped portion is easily torn off, and there is a possibility that the collection operation may not progress.

  Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a root crop harvesting machine that solves the above-described problems and enables efficient recovery of multi-sheets laid on a farm field.

A feature of the present invention is that the root vegetables planted in the field can be freely harvested, and a harvesting part disposed on the left and right sides of the front end of the traveling machine body and a multi-layer laid so as to cover the surface of the field on the edge of the sheet, freely rolled up with the travel of the traveling machine body, and the sheet turning unit is disposed on the left and right center side of the traveling machine body from the harvesting unit, turning from the field by the sheet turning unit The left and right center with respect to the traveling direction of the traveling machine body in plan view so as to guide the folded multi-seat from the left and right center side with respect to the traveling direction of the traveling body toward the left and right side where the harvesting portion is disposed. There is a guide portion disposed obliquely rearwardly from the side toward the harvesting portion .

According to the present invention, the edge portion of the multi-sheet can be rolled up by the seat curl portion as the traveling machine body travels. Further, the raised multi-seat is guided by the guide unit from the left and right center side with respect to the traveling direction of the traveling machine body to the left and right side where the harvesting unit is disposed.
Therefore, the multi-sheet that has raised the edge from the field in the sheet-rolling portion is not left as it is, but is guided to the multi-sheet portion that is originally located by being guided laterally by the guiding portion. Multi-sheet portions can overlap to form a bundle.

As a result, the contact area of the multi-sheet with respect to the field is reduced, and the adhesion force between the two is also reduced, so that it can be peeled off and collected with a small force.
Furthermore, since the multi-sheets are in a bundle shape, the peeling force can be received by the whole bundle, and as in the conventional case, the peeling force is concentrated only on the edge of a thin sheet, which causes a problem of tearing off. Can be resolved. Therefore, a collection force can be efficiently advanced by applying a large force to the bundle of multi-sheets without worrying about tearing of the multi-sheets.

  From the above results, it is possible to apply a force with a small force and without worrying about material tearing, and it is possible to efficiently carry out the entire multi-sheet collection operation.

  In the present invention, it is preferable that the guide portion is provided on the rear side of the seat curl portion with respect to the traveling direction.

According to this configuration, the multi-seat is rolled up by the seat curl portion as the traveling machine body travels, and the harvesting unit from the left and right central sides with respect to the traveling direction of the traveling machine body is guided by the rear guide unit. Therefore, it can be guided smoothly with little interaction with the soil.
Therefore, the multi-sheet can be brought close to the predetermined direction in a state in which breakage or the like hardly occurs.

  In this invention, it is suitable for the said guidance | induction part to be provided in the several places before and behind in the said advancing direction.

According to this configuration, the multi-sheet can be gradually guided toward the predetermined direction by the plurality of guide portions.
Accordingly, it is possible to mitigate the action of a sudden induction force on the multi-sheet, and the multi-sheet can be guided to the predetermined direction side in a state where breakage of the multi-sheet is less likely to occur.

  In the present invention, it is preferable that the sheet turning portion and the guide portion are provided integrally with the harvesting portion that can be raised and lowered.

According to this configuration, as the lifting and lowering operation of the harvesting unit is performed, the setting of the sheet curling unit and the guiding unit is also possible, so that the collection operation of root vegetables can be performed efficiently.
That is, by raising and lowering the harvesting part to the working state, the sheet turning part and the guiding part can be brought into the working state, and by raising and lowering the harvesting part to the non-working state, the sheet turning part and the guiding part are guided. It can be made inactive by following the part.

  In the present invention, it is preferable that the sheet turning portion and the guide portion include a height changing mechanism that can change a relative height position with respect to the harvesting portion.

According to this configuration, the height change mechanism can be used to change the height position of the sheet turning portion and the guide portion with respect to the harvesting portion.
Therefore, the height of the seat curl portion and the guide portion can be changed according to the undulation state of the field. As an example, it is particularly suitable when targeting a farm field having a height difference depending on the traveling position, such as a straw.

Left side view of the whole carrot harvester Top view of whole carrot harvester Right side view of the whole carrot harvester Right side view of the main part of a carrot harvester showing the multi-sheet shifting mechanism Top view of the main part of a carrot harvester showing the multi-sheet shifting mechanism Front view of the main part of a carrot harvester showing the multi-sheet shifting mechanism Top view showing the harvesting sequence of cropping rows Top view of the main part of a carrot harvester showing the action of the multi-sheet shifting mechanism

Hereinafter, an example of an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
[Overall configuration of crop harvester]
1-3 illustrate a carrot harvester N as an example of a root crop harvester.
The carrot harvester N includes a pair of left and right crawler type traveling devices 1 below the body frame 3 to form a traveling body, and includes a harvesting unit 10 on the left front portion of the traveling body, and a boarding type on the right side. A crop recovery unit A for recovering crops harvested by the harvesting unit 10 is provided from the rear of the harvesting unit 10 toward the rear right side of the machine body on which the boarding type operating unit 2 is disposed. It is configured.
The carrot harvesting machine N is for harvesting ginseng (an example of root vegetables) a from the field G by the harvesting unit 10 and removing the roots and leaves as the machine travels.

  An example of the planting situation of the carrot a in the field G and the travel route of the carrot harvester N at the time of harvest will be described.

  As shown in FIG. 6 and FIG. 7, a plurality of planting rows T extending in the longitudinal direction are provided on the basket Ga formed in the farm field G at intervals in the width direction of the basket Ga. In each planting row T, a large number of carrots a are planted at intervals in the longitudinal direction of 畝 Ga.

A multi-sheet Ms made of synthetic resin is laid on the surface of 畝 Ga so as to cover 被覆 Ga.
The carrot a is planted in a state of penetrating a hole formed in the multi-sheet Ms.

An example of harvesting work by the carrot harvester N is arranged in a state where the front end position of the harvesting section 10 is matched with one end position of the cropping row T, and travels from the initial state to the other end position along the cropping row T. The apparatus 1 is made to travel and the carrot a in the corresponding cropping row is harvested.
At that time, starting from the cropping row T located on one end side in the width direction of the ridge Ga (right side in the traveling direction in the present embodiment), when the harvesting operation of the cropping row T is completed, the adjacent cropping row T on the left Then, the harvesting operation is performed (see FIG. 7).
Thereafter, the same harvesting operation is repeated, and finally, the cropping row T located on the other end side in the width direction of the basket Ga (left side in the traveling direction in the present embodiment) is harvested.

Moreover, when the harvesting of carrot a of 畝 Ga is completed, the multi-sheet Ms remaining on the trace is collected manually.
Below, each part of the carrot harvester N is demonstrated.

[Boarding type driving part]
The boarding type driving unit 2 has a driving seat 2a installed in a state of covering the upper side of the driving unit including the engine E mounted on the body frame 3, and includes a boarding step 2b below the driving seat 2a and further operated at a front position. A control tower 2c provided with an operation tool or the like for direction operation is provided (see FIG. 2).

[Crop Collection Department]
The crop collection unit A changes the direction of the carrot body a1 harvested by the harvesting unit 10 and supplies it to the container transfer device, and the carrot body a1 from the crop transport apparatus 4 as the container C. A container transfer device 5 for collecting and sending out the container C, a container receiving table 6 for storing the container C filled with crops on the airframe, and supplying an empty container C in the container transfer device 5 And an auxiliary seat 7 provided so that an auxiliary worker for performing a predetermined operation such as taking out the container C filled with crops can perform the operation while sitting on the seat. (See FIG. 2).

[Harvesting department]
The harvesting unit 10 includes a pair of left and right weeding devices 11 that cause weeds and leaves of the carrot a, and a transporting device 14 that grips the roots of the stems and leaves of the carrot a from both the left and right and conveys it upward and backward. A soil unraveling blade 15 which is embedded in the soil and breaks the soil around the ginseng a, and a known hair root cutting device which is located below the starting end side of the conveying device 14 and cuts the root of the crop. (Not shown) and a leaf portion removing device 20 that cuts and removes the foliage of the crop delivered from the conveying device 14, and these are supported by a pair of left and right main frames 13 (see FIG. 1). ).

The harvesting section 10 has a base end portion of the pair of left and right main frames 13 connected to the rear portion of the body frame 3 of the traveling body so as to be rotatable around an axis P in the lateral direction of the body. The main frame 13 is swung up and down with respect to the body frame 3 by a lift cylinder 13a having a piston connected to the base end side of the frame 13 so that the entire harvesting unit 10 can be lifted and lowered.
Reference numeral 12 in the figure denotes a grounding wheel provided at the tip of the pair of left and right main frames 13, which is effective for maintaining the ground posture of the weeding device 11 and the transport device 14 at a predetermined ground height. Works.

  In addition, the harvesting section 10 brings the multi-sheet Ms laid on the heel Ga to the center side of the heel Ga while raising the edge as the traveling body travels, thereby improving the efficiency of the collection work. A multi-sheet width adjusting mechanism H (to be described later) is attached integrally.

  The weeding device 11 scoops up the carrot a leaf a2 vegetated in the field G by the scoop arm 11c, and leaves the leaf a2 from the scoop arm 11c in a state where the tip side protrudes forward from the weeding case 11a. The leaves a2 of the carrot a to be harvested are separated from the leaves a2 of the carrot a not to be harvested by lifting up with the raising claws 11b that move up the front side of the grass case 11a, and are raised and processed. It is connected to the front end side of the main frame 13 via the frame of the transport device 14 whose front end portion is connected and supported (see FIGS. 1 to 3).

  The conveyance device 14 drives and rotates a pair of left and right endless conveyance belts 14a in a posture of a rear upward slope in which the conveyance start end portion is located near the rear side of the pulling device 11, and the conveyance end side is located at a higher level on the rear side of the machine body. The pair of endless conveying belts 14a are provided freely, and the harvested carrot leaves a2 from the weeding device 11 are inherited and sandwiched and conveyed upward in the rearward direction of the machine body. Thereby, the conveying device 14 pulls out the carrot a to be harvested from the farm field by the pair of endless conveying belts 14a, and continues to lift and convey the leaf portion as it is in a suspended posture (FIG. 1). (See FIG. 2).

  The soil unraveling blade 15 advances through the soil on the side of the carrot to be harvested, and loosens the soil so that the carrot body a1 can easily escape from the soil when the transport device 14 pulls out the carrot body a1 from the field.

As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the earth unraveling blade 15 is attached to a mounting frame 13 b extending from the front end side of the main frame 13 toward the right front, and has a vertically long strip-shaped vertically long portion 15 a and a vertically long The blade main body portion 15b is bent from the lower end portion of the portion 15a along the plate thickness direction. The upper end portion of the vertically long portion 15a is attached to the mounting frame 13b. In the mounted state, the blade body portion 15b is bent toward the harvesting portion 10 from the lower end portion of the vertically long portion 15a suspended from the mounting frame 13b, and the carrot body The posture reaches the lower ground where a1 is buried.
The blade body portion 15b extends obliquely left frontward from the vertically long portion 15a in a plan view, and the front end edge portion is sharply finished so as to easily enter the soil.

  Further, the vertically long portion 15a is attached to the mounting frame 13b by fastening bolts 15c, and a plurality of bolt insertion holes 15d are provided at the upper end portion of the vertically long portion 15a with a space in the vertical direction. . Therefore, the height of the earth loosening blade 15 relative to the mounting frame 13b can be changed and adjusted by changing the bolt insertion hole 15d for mounting the bolt 15c up and down.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the leaf portion removing device 20 is a pair of left and right positioning units in which the start end is located near the rear side of the portion located on the transport start end side of the pair of endless transport belts 14 a of the transport device 14. Endless chain 22, a pair of left and right cutting and conveying endless belts 27 with the conveying start end positioned above the terminal end side of positioning endless chain 22, and a pair of left and right positioned near the middle portion of the pair of left and right cutting and conveying endless belts 27 The leaf blade transporting endless chain 24 positioned above the rotary blade 23 and the pair of left and right cutting and transporting endless belts 27 are configured to be freely rotatable.

  Then, as the conveying device 14 conveys the carrot having undergone hair root cutting, the vicinity of the head of the carrot body enters the lower side of the positioning endless chain 22, and thereafter, the endless conveying belt 14a of the conveying device 14 continues. When the transport end side lifts and transports the carrot, the carrot body is in a positioning state in which the top of the head contacts the positioning endless chain 22. The carrot leaf portion in this positioning state is cut and conveyed by the cutting and conveying endless belt 27 and the leaf portion conveying endless chain 24 from the conveying device 14, and is nipped and conveyed backward. Then, the vicinity of the carrot head in the leaf portion of the transported carrot is supplied to the rotary blade 23 and cut, and the carrot body a1 falls at this cutting position and is supplied to the crop recovery unit A.

  Even after the cutting, the cutting and conveying endless belt 27 and the leaf portion conveying endless chain 24 are configured to convey the leaf portion further rearward and drop it onto the discharge chute 25. The cut leaf a2 is guided by the discharge chute 25 and falls to the field behind the machine body.

[Multi-sheet width adjusting mechanism H]
As shown in FIGS. 4 to 6, the multi-sheet width adjusting mechanism H includes a sheet curling unit 16 that can freely roll up the edge of the multi-sheet Ms on the kite Ga as the traveling machine body travels, and the sheet curling unit 16. The guide unit that guides the multi-sheet Ms raised from the heel Ga toward the left and right sides (in the present embodiment, the left side) where the harvesting unit 10 is disposed from the left and right center side with respect to the traveling direction of the traveling machine body. 17 is provided.

The sheet curling portion 16 is attached to the same mounting frame 13b as the earth unraveling blade 15, and is fixed to the front side of the earth unraveling blade 15 with a bolt 16d.
The sheet curling portion 16 includes a vertically long strip-shaped vertically long portion 16a, a pipe portion 16b fixed along the front edge of the vertically long portion 16a, and a claw-shaped portion 16c fixed to the lower end portion of the pipe portion 16b. (See FIG. 4).

  The mounting posture to the mounting frame 13b is an inclined posture that is positioned lower on the front side. Also, as shown in FIG. 8, the claw-like portion 16c and the lower end portion of the pipe portion 16b are installed so as to be located below the edge of the multi-sheet Ms, so that the traveling machine body travels. The lower end portions of the claw-like portion 16c and the pipe portion 16b sink into the lower surface side of the multi-sheet Ms. As traveling proceeds, the multi-seat Ms climbs along the outer peripheral surface of the pipe portion 16b, and as a result, is lifted from the heel Ga.

  In addition, as shown in FIG. 4, a plurality of bolt insertion holes 16e into which bolts 16d can be freely attached are provided at the upper end of the vertically long portion 16a with a vertical spacing. Therefore, the height of the seat curl portion 16 relative to the mounting frame 13b can be changed and adjusted by changing the bolt insertion hole 16e for mounting the bolt 16d up and down. That is, this height adjustment is also a height adjustment with respect to the main frame 13 to which the attachment frame 13 b is fixed and the harvesting portion 10 fixed to the main frame 13. The height changing mechanism 30 is configured by the plurality of bolt insertion holes 16e.

In the carrot harvester N according to the present embodiment, the guide unit 17 is provided at two places in the front and rear in the traveling direction of the traveling machine body as shown in FIG. Each of the guiding portions 17 is composed of inclined plates 17a and 17b attached in an inclined posture located on the left side toward the rear side in the traveling direction.
The inclined plate 17a on the front side is attached to the vertically long portion 16a of the seat turning portion 16 with a bolt 16d.
The rear inclined plate 17b is attached to the vertically long portion 15a of the earth loosening blade 15 with bolts 15c.

  The inclination angle of the guide portion 17 with respect to the traveling direction of the traveling machine body is set to be larger in the rear inclined plate 17b than in the front inclined plate 17a, and the multi-unit which is lifted up by the pipe portion 16b of the seat turning portion 16 is set. The edge of the seat Ms is first guided slightly to the left by the front side inclined plate 17a, and then further fully guided to the left side by the rear side inclined plate 17b, thereby applying a sudden load on the multi-seat Ms. It is possible to make the width closer.

  The vertically long portions 16a and 15a to which the guide portion 17 is attached are provided with a plurality of bolt insertion holes 16f and 15e at intervals in the vertical direction. Therefore, the height of the guide portion 17 relative to the vertically long portions 16a and 15a can be changed and adjusted by changing the bolt insertion holes 16f and 15e to which the bolts 16d and 15c are attached up and down. That is, this height adjustment is also a height adjustment with respect to the attachment frame 13b to which the vertically long portions 16a and 15a are fixed, the main frame 13, and the harvesting portion 10 fixed to the main frame 13. The height changing mechanism 30 is also configured by the plurality of bolt insertion holes 16f and 15e.

  According to the carrot harvester N of the present embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B, the right end row (one end side) in the width direction of the cocoon Ga among the planted rows T of 畝 Ga. Column) to the left end row (the other end side row) in order, and finally, as shown in FIG. 7C, the multi-sheet Ms is placed on the left side in the width direction of 畝 Ga. The other multi-sheet Ms can be efficiently collected as a bundle on the other end side.

[Another embodiment]
Other embodiments will be described below.

<1> The root crop harvesting machine N is not limited to the carrot harvesting machine described in the previous embodiment. For example, root crops such as radish, onion, and potato are harvested instead of carrot. Also good.
In addition, the configuration and arrangement of each part of the root vegetable harvesting machine N can be changed as appropriate.

<2> The left-right position of the harvesting unit 10 in the traveling machine body is not limited to the left side described in the previous embodiment, and may be located, for example, on the right side or the left and right intermediate parts. However, in that case, it is preferable that the width-shifting direction of the multi-sheet Ms by the guiding unit 17 is set so as to face the harvesting unit 10 side.

<3> As described in the previous embodiment, the guide unit 17 is not limited to the one provided in the front and rear two locations in the traveling direction of the traveling machine body. For example, the guide unit 17 is provided in a plurality of three or more locations or only one location. It may be provided.

<4> The sheet curling unit 16 and the guide unit 17 are not limited to those configured integrally with the harvesting unit 10 as described in the previous embodiment. May be provided so that they can be raised and lowered separately.

  The root vegetable harvester can also be used as a root vegetable harvester that harvests root vegetables other than carrots.

10 harvesting section 16 sheet rolling section 17 guidance section 30 height change mechanism a carrot (an example of root vegetables)
G field Ms multi-seat

Claims (5)

A harvesting part that can freely harvest root vegetables planted in the field and is arranged on the left and right sides of the front end of the traveling aircraft,
The sheet of the multi-sheet that is laid in a state covering the surface of the field can be lifted up along with the traveling of the traveling body, and is disposed on the left and right center side of the traveling body from the harvesting section. The groin and
The multi-sheet was above up-turning of the field in the sheet turning unit, to so that you derived from the left and right center side toward the right and left one side the harvesting unit is positioned relative to the traveling direction of the vehicle body, the plane A root crop harvesting machine provided with a guiding part arranged obliquely and rearwardly inclined toward the harvesting part from the left and right center side with respect to the traveling direction of the traveling machine body .   The root vegetable harvester according to claim 1, wherein the guide portion is provided on a rear side of the sheet curling portion with respect to the traveling direction.   The root vegetable harvester according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the guide portion is provided at a plurality of locations before and after the traveling direction.   The root vegetable harvester according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the sheet curling unit and the guide unit are provided integrally with the harvesting unit that can be moved up and down.   The root crop harvesting machine according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the sheet curling unit and the guide unit include a height changing mechanism capable of changing a relative height position with respect to the harvesting unit. .

Images