JP6189223B2 - クラッド光除去器および製造方法 - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
- H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
- H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
- H01S3/06708—Constructional details of the fibre, e.g. compositions, cross-section, shape or tapering
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/09—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping
- H01S3/091—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping
- H01S3/094—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light
- H01S3/094003—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light the pumped medium being a fibre
- H01S3/094007—Cladding pumping, i.e. pump light propagating in a clad surrounding the active core
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
- H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
- H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
- H01S3/06708—Constructional details of the fibre, e.g. compositions, cross-section, shape or tapering
- H01S3/06729—Peculiar transverse fibre profile
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
- B23K26/062—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by direct control of the laser beam
- B23K26/0622—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by direct control of the laser beam by shaping pulses
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
- B23K26/062—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by direct control of the laser beam
- B23K26/0626—Energy control of the laser beam
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/36—Removing material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
- B29D11/00—Producing optical elements, e.g. lenses or prisms
- B29D11/00663—Production of light guides
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02057—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating comprising gratings
- G02B6/02066—Gratings having a surface relief structure, e.g. repetitive variation in diameter of core or cladding
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02295—Microstructured optical fibre
- G02B6/02314—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes
- G02B6/02342—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes characterised by cladding features, i.e. light confining region
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/14—Mode converters
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
- G02B6/2804—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers
- G02B6/2852—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers using tapping light guides arranged sidewardly, e.g. in a non-parallel relationship with respect to the bus light guides (light extraction or launching through cladding, with or without surface discontinuities, bent structures)
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
- H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
- H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
- H01S3/06708—Constructional details of the fibre, e.g. compositions, cross-section, shape or tapering
- H01S3/06729—Peculiar transverse fibre profile
- H01S3/06733—Fibre having more than one cladding
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/09—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping
- H01S3/091—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping
- H01S3/094—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light
- H01S3/0941—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light of a laser diode
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/264—Optical coupling means with optical elements between opposed fibre ends which perform a function other than beam splitting
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- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
- Lasers (AREA)
- Optical Couplings Of Light Guides (AREA)
- Light Guides In General And Applications Therefor (AREA)
- Optical Fibers, Optical Fiber Cores, And Optical Fiber Bundles (AREA)
Description
20A、20B クラッド・モード除去器
21 二重クラッド光ファイバ
22 コア
23 信号光
24 内部クラッド
25 外部クラッド
26 剥離部分
27 露出部分
28 外部表面
29 横方向ノッチ
30A、30B クラッド光部分
31 側面
33 ポンプ光
34 ヒートシンク
35 空洞
36 吸収部分
37 反射部分
38 外部ヒートシンク
39 溝
150 光ファイバ増幅器
151 第1の端部
152 第2の端部
153 ポンプ・ダイオード
154 ポンプ光
155 レンズ
156 ダイクロイック・ミラー
157 入力光信号
158 出力光信号
159 増幅器二重クラッド光ファイバ部
160 ファイバ・レーザ
161 発振器
162 コア
170 製造システム
171 CO2レーザ
172 ビーム・デリバリ・システム
173 デリバリ・ファイバ
174 処理ヘッド
175 並進/回転ステージ
176 コンピュータ
177 レーザ・ビーム
178 焦点スポット
Claims (19)
- 信号光を案内するためのコアと、前記コアを囲む内部クラッドと、前記内部クラッドを囲む外部クラッドとを有する二重クラッド光ファイバを備え、
前記二重クラッド光ファイバは、前記外部クラッドが取り除かれて、前記内部クラッドの外部表面の露出部分を形成する剥離部分を含み、
前記露出部分は、前記二重クラッド光ファイバに沿って配置される複数の横方向ノッチを含み、光が前記複数の横方向ノッチに当たると前記内部クラッドから漏れることを可能にし、
前記複数の横方向ノッチの各々は、前記コアまでの距離の一部分だけの深さを有し、
前記複数の横方向ノッチの各々は、1ノッチ/cmから1000ノッチ/cmのピッチを有し、
前記複数の横方向ノッチは、少なくとも10個のノッチを含み、
前記複数の横方向ノッチは、前記露出部分の長さに沿って徐々に変化するピッチを有する、クラッド光除去器。 - 前記コアは、前記内部クラッドによって案内されるポンプ光によってポンプされる場合に、前記信号光を増幅するためのドーパントを含む、請求項1に記載のクラッド光除去器。
- 前記ピッチは、2ノッチ/cmと200ノッチ/cmとの間で変化する、請求項1に記載のクラッド光除去器。
- 前記複数の横方向ノッチの各々の前記深さが、前記内部クラッドの直径の5%と20%との間であるか、前記複数の横方向ノッチの各々の前記深さが、20マイクロメートルから80マイクロメートルまでの深さであるか、の少なくともいずれか一つである、請求項1に記載のクラッド光除去器。
- 前記複数の横方向ノッチの各々の前記深さは、前記露出部分の長さに沿って徐々に変化する、請求項1に記載のクラッド光除去器。
- 前記複数の横方向ノッチは、前記露出部分の長さに沿って、かつ、前記露出部分の外周に、間隔を置いて配置される、請求項1に記載のクラッド光除去器。
- 前記剥離部分は、少なくとも40mmの長さである、請求項1に記載のクラッド光除去器。
- 前記露出部分は、50cmと200cmとの間の曲げ半径を有する曲線状の部分を備える、請求項1に記載のクラッド光除去器。
- 前記内部クラッドから漏れた光を吸収し、前記吸収された光によって生じる熱を散逸させるためのヒートシンクをさらに備える、請求項1に記載のクラッド光除去器。
- 前記ヒートシンクは、前記内部クラッドから漏れた前記光を捕らえるために、前記剥離部分の周囲に空洞を形成し、前記空洞は、吸収部分と、前記漏れた光を前記吸収部分に向けるための反射部分と、を有し、前記吸収部分は、外部ヒートシンクに熱的に接続される、請求項9に記載のクラッド光除去器。
- 請求項1に記載のクラッド光除去器と、
第1の端部で二重クラッド光ファイバに結合される増幅器二重クラッド光ファイバ部と、
前記増幅器二重クラッド光ファイバ部の反対側の第2の端部に光学的に結合され、前記増幅器二重クラッド光ファイバ部の前記第2の端部から前記第1の端部までポンプ光を供給して伝搬させるためのポンプ・ダイオードと、
を備える光ファイバ増幅器。 - 前記ポンプ・ダイオードは、少なくとも200Wのポンプ定格出力を有し、前記クラッド光除去器は、少なくとも15dBの光除去効率を有する、請求項11に記載の光ファイバ増幅器。
- 請求項12に記載の光ファイバ増幅器と、前記光ファイバ増幅器に光学的に結合される発振器と、を備えるファイバ・レーザ。
- 請求項1に記載のクラッド光除去器を形成する方法であって、
前記内部クラッドに横方向ノッチを形成するために、レーザ・ビームを前記露出部分の前記内部クラッドの外部表面上に集束させて、前記内部クラッドを局所的に取り除くステップと、
レーザ・ビームの前記収束を、前記露出部分に沿って異なる場所で複数回繰り返すステップと、
を含む方法。 - レーザ・ビームの前記収束を繰り返す間、前記二重クラッド光ファイバを移動させて、結果としてノッチを作製する、請求項14に記載の方法。
- CO2レーザが、前記レーザ・ビームを生成するために用いられ、前記CO2レーザは、数10から数100マイクロ秒までのパルス幅のゲーテッド・モードで動作し、前記レーザ・ビームは、100kW/cm2と200kW/cm2との間の光パワー密度に集束される、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記レーザ・ビームは、80マイクロメートルから200マイクロメートルまでの焦点スポットサイズに集束され、前記ノッチの所望の形状を生成するために、前記焦点スポットは成形され、または、前記レーザ・ビームは偏向される、請求項16に記載の方法。
- レーザ・ビームの前記収束を繰り返すステップは、前記二重クラッド光ファイバを長さ方向に変位させるためのコンピュータ制御の移動ステージを用いて、隣接するノッチ間の間隔を自動的に制御するステップを含む、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記ヒートシンクは、前記二重クラッド光ファイバの前記剥離部分に隣接して配置される、請求項9に記載のクラッド光除去器。
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