JP6181042B2 - 細胞外マトリックスに関連した皮膚色素斑の分子シグネチャー - Google Patents
細胞外マトリックスに関連した皮膚色素斑の分子シグネチャー Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP6181042B2 JP6181042B2 JP2014505704A JP2014505704A JP6181042B2 JP 6181042 B2 JP6181042 B2 JP 6181042B2 JP 2014505704 A JP2014505704 A JP 2014505704A JP 2014505704 A JP2014505704 A JP 2014505704A JP 6181042 B2 JP6181042 B2 JP 6181042B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- genes
- gene
- skin
- treatment
- expression
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 title claims description 40
- 102000010834 Extracellular Matrix Proteins Human genes 0.000 title claims description 30
- 108010037362 Extracellular Matrix Proteins Proteins 0.000 title claims description 30
- 210000002744 extracellular matrix Anatomy 0.000 title claims description 30
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims description 395
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 claims description 145
- 210000003491 skin Anatomy 0.000 claims description 133
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 119
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 92
- 102100024506 Bone morphogenetic protein 2 Human genes 0.000 claims description 77
- 101710143111 Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 Proteins 0.000 claims description 77
- 102100025748 Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 Human genes 0.000 claims description 76
- 102100029529 Thrombospondin-2 Human genes 0.000 claims description 69
- 101000633605 Homo sapiens Thrombospondin-2 Proteins 0.000 claims description 68
- 102100033663 Transforming growth factor beta receptor type 3 Human genes 0.000 claims description 68
- 101000654697 Homo sapiens Semaphorin-5A Proteins 0.000 claims description 67
- 102100032782 Semaphorin-5A Human genes 0.000 claims description 65
- 102100030608 Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 7 Human genes 0.000 claims description 58
- 101700026522 SMAD7 Proteins 0.000 claims description 58
- 230000002500 effect on skin Effects 0.000 claims description 48
- 208000012641 Pigmentation disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 45
- 102100022432 Sclerostin domain-containing protein 1 Human genes 0.000 claims description 43
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 210000004207 dermis Anatomy 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 claims description 13
- HYAFETHFCAUJAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N pioglitazone Chemical compound N1=CC(CC)=CC=C1CCOC(C=C1)=CC=C1CC1C(=O)NC(=O)S1 HYAFETHFCAUJAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001575 pathological effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- SNKFFCBZYFGCQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[3-[3-[1-carboxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]carbonyl-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-4-yl]prop-2-enoyloxy]-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=2OC(C=3C=C(O)C(O)=CC=3)C(C(=O)OC(CC=3C=C(O)C(O)=CC=3)C(O)=O)C=2C=1C=CC(=O)OC(C(=O)O)CC1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 SNKFFCBZYFGCQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- SNKFFCBZYFGCQN-VWUOOIFGSA-N Lithospermic acid B Natural products C([C@H](C(=O)O)OC(=O)\C=C\C=1C=2[C@H](C(=O)O[C@H](CC=3C=C(O)C(O)=CC=3)C(O)=O)[C@H](OC=2C(O)=CC=1)C=1C=C(O)C(O)=CC=1)C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 SNKFFCBZYFGCQN-VWUOOIFGSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- STCJJTBMWHMRCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N salvianolic acid B Natural products OC(=O)C(Cc1ccc(O)c(O)c1)OC(=O)C=Cc2cc(O)c(O)c3OC(C(C(=O)OC(Cc4ccc(O)c(O)c4)C(=O)O)c23)c5ccc(O)c(O)c5 STCJJTBMWHMRCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- XVPBINOPNYFXID-JARXUMMXSA-N 85u4c366qs Chemical compound C([C@@H]1CCC[N@+]2(CCC[C@H]3[C@@H]21)[O-])N1[C@@H]3CCCC1=O XVPBINOPNYFXID-JARXUMMXSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- HWVNEWGKWRGSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N GW 0742 Chemical compound CC=1N=C(C=2C=C(F)C(=CC=2)C(F)(F)F)SC=1CSC1=CC=C(OCC(O)=O)C(C)=C1 HWVNEWGKWRGSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- FHYUGAJXYORMHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N SB 431542 Chemical compound C1=CC(C(=O)N)=CC=C1C1=NC(C=2C=C3OCOC3=CC=2)=C(C=2N=CC=CC=2)N1 FHYUGAJXYORMHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- YMTINGFKWWXKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N fenofibrate Chemical compound C1=CC(OC(C)(C)C(=O)OC(C)C)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 YMTINGFKWWXKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229960002297 fenofibrate Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000338 in vitro Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229930015582 oxymatrine Natural products 0.000 claims description 6
- 229960005095 pioglitazone Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010104 Wen-pi-tang-Hab-Wu-ling-san Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 201000001441 melanoma Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003834 intracellular effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 206010064127 Solar lentigo Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- CDKIEBFIMCSCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(6,7-dimethoxy-3,4-dihydro-1h-isoquinolin-2-yl)-3-(1-methyl-2-phenylpyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-3-yl)prop-2-en-1-one;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.C1C=2C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC=2CCN1C(=O)C=CC(C1=CC=CN=C1N1C)=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 CDKIEBFIMCSCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 13
- 101000762366 Homo sapiens Bone morphogenetic protein 2 Proteins 0.000 claims 13
- 101000894525 Homo sapiens Transforming growth factor-beta-induced protein ig-h3 Proteins 0.000 claims 13
- 108010082684 Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type II Receptor Proteins 0.000 claims 13
- 102100021398 Transforming growth factor-beta-induced protein ig-h3 Human genes 0.000 claims 13
- 108010079292 betaglycan Proteins 0.000 claims 13
- 101000825071 Homo sapiens Sclerostin domain-containing protein 1 Proteins 0.000 claims 12
- 102000004060 Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type II Receptor Human genes 0.000 claims 4
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 claims 1
- -1 Pmel-17 Proteins 0.000 description 81
- 102100033455 TGF-beta receptor type-2 Human genes 0.000 description 70
- 108010072582 Matrilin Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 68
- 102100033669 Matrilin-2 Human genes 0.000 description 68
- 101001133936 Homo sapiens Prolyl 3-hydroxylase 2 Proteins 0.000 description 66
- 108010049931 Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 Proteins 0.000 description 64
- 102100034015 Prolyl 3-hydroxylase 2 Human genes 0.000 description 64
- 101001029168 Homo sapiens Extracellular matrix organizing protein FRAS1 Proteins 0.000 description 63
- 101001078133 Homo sapiens Integrin alpha-2 Proteins 0.000 description 61
- 102100025305 Integrin alpha-2 Human genes 0.000 description 60
- 102100032249 Dystonin Human genes 0.000 description 59
- 101001016186 Homo sapiens Dystonin Proteins 0.000 description 58
- 101000832669 Rattus norvegicus Probable alcohol sulfotransferase Proteins 0.000 description 57
- 101710132313 Transforming growth factor beta receptor type 3 Proteins 0.000 description 55
- 102100037122 Extracellular matrix organizing protein FRAS1 Human genes 0.000 description 51
- 208000027340 Fraser syndrome 1 Diseases 0.000 description 51
- 102100024338 Collagen alpha-3(VI) chain Human genes 0.000 description 49
- 101000909506 Homo sapiens Collagen alpha-3(VI) chain Proteins 0.000 description 49
- 102100022337 Integrin alpha-V Human genes 0.000 description 46
- 108010090909 laminin gamma 1 Proteins 0.000 description 46
- 102100034710 Laminin subunit gamma-1 Human genes 0.000 description 45
- 101001046677 Homo sapiens Integrin alpha-V Proteins 0.000 description 44
- 101000935043 Homo sapiens Integrin beta-1 Proteins 0.000 description 43
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 43
- 102100024629 Laminin subunit beta-3 Human genes 0.000 description 41
- 108010028309 kalinin Proteins 0.000 description 41
- 101710169324 Sclerostin domain-containing protein 1 Proteins 0.000 description 40
- 108010008094 laminin alpha 3 Proteins 0.000 description 40
- 102100025304 Integrin beta-1 Human genes 0.000 description 39
- 102100022743 Laminin subunit alpha-4 Human genes 0.000 description 39
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 36
- XUMBMVFBXHLACL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Melanin Chemical compound O=C1C(=O)C(C2=CNC3=C(C(C(=O)C4=C32)=O)C)=C2C4=CNC2=C1C XUMBMVFBXHLACL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 34
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 33
- 101000799406 Homo sapiens Alpha-actinin-1 Proteins 0.000 description 32
- 102100034163 Alpha-actinin-1 Human genes 0.000 description 30
- 230000019612 pigmentation Effects 0.000 description 27
- 102100021979 Asporin Human genes 0.000 description 26
- 102100029318 Chondroitin sulfate synthase 1 Human genes 0.000 description 26
- 101000752724 Homo sapiens Asporin Proteins 0.000 description 26
- 101000989500 Homo sapiens Chondroitin sulfate synthase 1 Proteins 0.000 description 26
- 101001065272 Homo sapiens EGF-containing fibulin-like extracellular matrix protein 1 Proteins 0.000 description 26
- 101000866526 Homo sapiens Extracellular matrix protein 1 Proteins 0.000 description 26
- 102100031358 Urokinase-type plasminogen activator Human genes 0.000 description 26
- 230000019491 signal transduction Effects 0.000 description 26
- 102100031758 Extracellular matrix protein 1 Human genes 0.000 description 25
- 101001091425 Homo sapiens Papilin Proteins 0.000 description 25
- 102100034934 Papilin Human genes 0.000 description 25
- 102100023925 Heparan sulfate glucosamine 3-O-sulfotransferase 6 Human genes 0.000 description 24
- 101001048116 Homo sapiens Heparan sulfate glucosamine 3-O-sulfotransferase 6 Proteins 0.000 description 24
- 101000638886 Homo sapiens Urokinase-type plasminogen activator Proteins 0.000 description 24
- 101000669513 Homo sapiens Metalloproteinase inhibitor 1 Proteins 0.000 description 23
- 102100039364 Metalloproteinase inhibitor 1 Human genes 0.000 description 23
- 102100026540 Cathepsin L2 Human genes 0.000 description 22
- 101000983577 Homo sapiens Cathepsin L2 Proteins 0.000 description 22
- 101000893526 Homo sapiens Leucine-rich repeat transmembrane protein FLRT2 Proteins 0.000 description 22
- 101001018100 Homo sapiens Lysozyme C Proteins 0.000 description 22
- 101000636209 Homo sapiens Matrix-remodeling-associated protein 5 Proteins 0.000 description 22
- 102100040899 Leucine-rich repeat transmembrane protein FLRT2 Human genes 0.000 description 22
- 102100033468 Lysozyme C Human genes 0.000 description 22
- 102000004887 Transforming Growth Factor beta Human genes 0.000 description 20
- 108090001012 Transforming Growth Factor beta Proteins 0.000 description 20
- 230000003902 lesion Effects 0.000 description 20
- ZRKFYGHZFMAOKI-QMGMOQQFSA-N tgfbeta Chemical compound C([C@H](NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(N)=N)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](C)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](C)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCSC)C(C)C)[C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(O)=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 ZRKFYGHZFMAOKI-QMGMOQQFSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 208000000069 hyperpigmentation Diseases 0.000 description 18
- 230000003810 hyperpigmentation Effects 0.000 description 18
- 102100030776 Matrix-remodeling-associated protein 5 Human genes 0.000 description 16
- 230000035614 depigmentation Effects 0.000 description 15
- 210000002615 epidermis Anatomy 0.000 description 15
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- 230000036074 healthy skin Effects 0.000 description 13
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000001574 biopsy Methods 0.000 description 12
- 108010035532 Collagen Proteins 0.000 description 11
- 102000008186 Collagen Human genes 0.000 description 11
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 11
- 229920001436 collagen Polymers 0.000 description 11
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 102100031814 EGF-containing fibulin-like extracellular matrix protein 1 Human genes 0.000 description 9
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 108091032973 (ribonucleotides)n+m Proteins 0.000 description 8
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000003831 deregulation Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000001815 facial effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 8
- 102000005962 receptors Human genes 0.000 description 8
- 108020003175 receptors Proteins 0.000 description 8
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 210000002752 melanocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 6
- 210000002469 basement membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 230000003061 melanogenesis Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000699 topical effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 108060003393 Granulin Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 208000035475 disorder Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 238000013518 transcription Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000035897 transcription Effects 0.000 description 5
- UHTHHESEBZOYNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N vandetanib Chemical compound COC1=CC(C(/N=CN2)=N/C=3C(=CC(Br)=CC=3)F)=C2C=C1OCC1CCN(C)CC1 UHTHHESEBZOYNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- WVTKBKWTSCPRNU-KYJUHHDHSA-N (+)-Tetrandrine Chemical compound C([C@H]1C=2C=C(C(=CC=2CCN1C)OC)O1)C(C=C2)=CC=C2OC(=C2)C(OC)=CC=C2C[C@@H]2N(C)CCC3=CC(OC)=C(OC)C1=C23 WVTKBKWTSCPRNU-KYJUHHDHSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 102100023679 40S ribosomal protein S28 Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 102100022289 60S ribosomal protein L13a Human genes 0.000 description 4
- HJDRXEQUFWLOGJ-AJNGGQMLSA-N Ac-Ser-Asp-Lys-Pro-OH Chemical compound CC(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(O)=O HJDRXEQUFWLOGJ-AJNGGQMLSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 101000623076 Homo sapiens 40S ribosomal protein S28 Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 101000681240 Homo sapiens 60S ribosomal protein L13a Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 108010085895 Laminin Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 108090000878 Ribosomal protein S9 Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 102000004282 Ribosomal protein S9 Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 102000003425 Tyrosinase Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 108060008724 Tyrosinase Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 4
- 102000006602 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 108020004445 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009396 hybridization Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 4
- 210000002510 keratinocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 238000010606 normalization Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002674 ointment Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010238 partial least squares regression Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000011664 signaling Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229960000241 vandetanib Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 235000019143 vitamin K2 Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000011728 vitamin K2 Substances 0.000 description 4
- 108020004414 DNA Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 239000002118 L01XE12 - Vandetanib Substances 0.000 description 3
- 208000003351 Melanosis Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 108700011259 MicroRNAs Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 108020004459 Small interfering RNA Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 206010042496 Sunburn Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000692 anti-sense effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000090 biomarker Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000013632 homeostatic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010191 image analysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 102000006495 integrins Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108010044426 integrins Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 239000002679 microRNA Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000037311 normal skin Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007634 remodeling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 3
- AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-benzoquinone Chemical compound O=C1C=CC(=O)C=C1 AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HYPYXGZDOYTYDR-HAJWAVTHSA-N 2-methyl-3-[(2e,6e,10e,14e)-3,7,11,15,19-pentamethylicosa-2,6,10,14,18-pentaenyl]naphthalene-1,4-dione Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C(C/C=C(C)/CC/C=C(C)/CC/C=C(C)/CC/C=C(C)/CCC=C(C)C)=C(C)C(=O)C2=C1 HYPYXGZDOYTYDR-HAJWAVTHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000002874 Acne Vulgaris Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 102000007469 Actins Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010085238 Actins Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 206010001557 Albinism Diseases 0.000 description 2
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102100027314 Beta-2-microglobulin Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 102000007350 Bone Morphogenetic Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010007726 Bone Morphogenetic Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 101000757108 Bos taurus Aminopeptidase N Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000004127 Cytokines Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000695 Cytokines Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 108090000100 Hepatocyte Growth Factor Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102100021866 Hepatocyte growth factor Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 101000972489 Homo sapiens Laminin subunit alpha-1 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 101001008568 Homo sapiens Laminin subunit beta-1 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000021710 Hyperpigmentation disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 101150050268 ITGB1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102100034343 Integrase Human genes 0.000 description 2
- WTDRDQBEARUVNC-LURJTMIESA-N L-DOPA Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 WTDRDQBEARUVNC-LURJTMIESA-N 0.000 description 2
- OUYCCCASQSFEME-QMMMGPOBSA-N L-tyrosine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 OUYCCCASQSFEME-QMMMGPOBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102100022746 Laminin subunit alpha-1 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 102100027448 Laminin subunit beta-1 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 208000016604 Lyme disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 108010067787 Proteoglycans Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000016611 Proteoglycans Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010092799 RNA-directed DNA polymerase Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 206010040825 Skin depigmentation Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 206010040829 Skin discolouration Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 206010040844 Skin exfoliation Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 102000049937 Smad4 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 102000002938 Thrombospondin Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108060008245 Thrombospondin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 241000159243 Toxicodendron radicans Species 0.000 description 2
- 108090000435 Urokinase-type plasminogen activator Proteins 0.000 description 2
- PFRQBZFETXBLTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vitamin K2 Natural products C1=CC=C2C(=O)C(CC=C(C)CCC=C(C)CCC=C(C)CCC=C(C)CCC=C(C)CCC=C(C)C)=C(C)C(=O)C2=C1 PFRQBZFETXBLTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 206010000496 acne Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000019552 anatomical structure morphogenesis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000005557 antagonist Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 102000015736 beta 2-Microglobulin Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010081355 beta 2-Microglobulin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- AGSPXMVUFBBBMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-aminopropionitrile Chemical compound NCCC#N AGSPXMVUFBBBMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940036811 bone meal Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000002374 bone meal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940112869 bone morphogenetic protein Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000024245 cell differentiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002299 complementary DNA Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006071 cream Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002074 deregulated effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004064 dysfunction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000001339 epidermal cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229930003935 flavonoid Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002215 flavonoids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000017173 flavonoids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000009760 functional impairment Effects 0.000 description 2
- 108010031357 goralatide Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 239000003102 growth factor Substances 0.000 description 2
- BJRNKVDFDLYUGJ-RMPHRYRLSA-N hydroquinone O-beta-D-glucopyranoside Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 BJRNKVDFDLYUGJ-RMPHRYRLSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001727 in vivo Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006210 lotion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 102000006240 membrane receptors Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108020004084 membrane receptors Proteins 0.000 description 2
- DKHGMERMDICWDU-GHDNBGIDSA-N menaquinone-4 Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C(C/C=C(C)/CC/C=C(C)/CC/C=C(C)/CCC=C(C)C)=C(C)C(=O)C2=C1 DKHGMERMDICWDU-GHDNBGIDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003278 mimic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 108020004707 nucleic acids Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000039446 nucleic acids Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 150000007523 nucleic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000008506 pathogenesis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000513 principal component analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035755 proliferation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 description 2
- WVTKBKWTSCPRNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N rac-Tetrandrin Natural products O1C(C(=CC=2CCN3C)OC)=CC=2C3CC(C=C2)=CC=C2OC(=C2)C(OC)=CC=C2CC2N(C)CCC3=CC(OC)=C(OC)C1=C23 WVTKBKWTSCPRNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 102000037983 regulatory factors Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108091008025 regulatory factors Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000028327 secretion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000002966 serum Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000007390 skin biopsy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010186 staining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000000434 stratum corneum Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000000475 sunscreen effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000516 sunscreening agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 description 2
- OUYCCCASQSFEME-UHFFFAOYSA-N tyrosine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 OUYCCCASQSFEME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940041603 vitamin k 3 Drugs 0.000 description 2
- PHIQHXFUZVPYII-ZCFIWIBFSA-O (R)-carnitinium Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)C[C@H](O)CC(O)=O PHIQHXFUZVPYII-ZCFIWIBFSA-O 0.000 description 1
- ZOBPZXTWZATXDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione Chemical compound O=C1CSC(=O)N1 ZOBPZXTWZATXDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108020004463 18S ribosomal RNA Proteins 0.000 description 1
- CDAWCLOXVUBKRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-aminophenol Chemical class NC1=CC=CC=C1O CDAWCLOXVUBKRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KPGXRSRHYNQIFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-oxoglutaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC(=O)C(O)=O KPGXRSRHYNQIFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WPANETAWYGDRLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-aminobenzenecarboximidamide Chemical compound NC(=N)C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 WPANETAWYGDRLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DQBIPBSPUYNBJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-iminocyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-ol Chemical compound OC1C=CC=CC1=N DQBIPBSPUYNBJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZKRFOXLVOKTUTA-KQYNXXCUSA-N 9-(5-phosphoribofuranosyl)-6-mercaptopurine Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](COP(O)(O)=O)O[C@H]1N1C(NC=NC2=S)=C2N=C1 ZKRFOXLVOKTUTA-KQYNXXCUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetaminophen Chemical compound CC(=O)NC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000037259 Amyloid Plaque Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108020005544 Antisense RNA Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101100256253 Arabidopsis thaliana SCAR2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101100151777 Arabidopsis thaliana SYP22 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101100103005 Arabidopsis thaliana WOX8 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000004072 C09CA03 - Valsartan Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102100027848 Cartilage-associated protein Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010048623 Collagen Receptors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000031973 Conjunctivitis infective Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000053602 DNA Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101001030219 Drosophila melanogaster Unconventional myosin ID Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010013976 Dystonin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010014258 Elastin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000016942 Elastin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100028071 Fibroblast growth factor 7 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000385 Fibroblast growth factor 7 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100023600 Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101710182389 Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100037362 Fibronectin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010067306 Fibronectins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000893906 Fowl adenovirus A serotype 1 (strain CELO / Phelps) Protein GAM-1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000003886 Glycoproteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000288 Glycoproteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000859758 Homo sapiens Cartilage-associated protein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001008558 Homo sapiens Laminin subunit beta-2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000946306 Homo sapiens Laminin subunit gamma-1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001023261 Homo sapiens Laminin subunit gamma-3 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000973510 Homo sapiens Melanoma-derived growth regulatory protein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000712669 Homo sapiens TGF-beta receptor type-2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000633608 Homo sapiens Thrombospondin-3 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000635938 Homo sapiens Transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000844510 Homo sapiens Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010061218 Inflammation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000000507 Integrin alpha2 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010017642 Integrin alpha2beta1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010040765 Integrin alphaV Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010022222 Integrin beta1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000012355 Integrin beta1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- XUJNEKJLAYXESH-REOHCLBHSA-N L-Cysteine Chemical compound SC[C@H](N)C(O)=O XUJNEKJLAYXESH-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102100035158 Laminin subunit gamma-3 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 239000004472 Lysine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 206010027145 Melanocytic naevus Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102100022185 Melanoma-derived growth regulatory protein Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 102100025751 Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101710143123 Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101710143112 Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100030590 Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 6 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101710143114 Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 6 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000007474 Multiprotein Complexes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010085220 Multiprotein Complexes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101100154912 Mus musculus Tyrp1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000007256 Nevus Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000287127 Passeridae Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010034972 Photosensitivity reaction Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010035021 Pigmentation changes Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920012196 Polyoxymethylene Copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108010069820 Pro-Opiomelanocortin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100027467 Pro-opiomelanocortin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 206010056658 Pseudocyst Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000013381 RNA quantification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 108091030071 RNAI Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101100263417 Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c) VAM3 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010039710 Scleroderma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010039796 Seborrhoeic keratosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000009203 Sema domains Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108050000099 Sema domains Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101710199403 Semaphorin-5A Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108700031298 Smad4 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000519995 Stachys sylvatica Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000003617 TRPM1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- FZWLAAWBMGSTSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiazole Chemical compound C1=CSC=N1 FZWLAAWBMGSTSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940123464 Thiazolidinedione Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 102100029524 Thrombospondin-3 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102000040945 Transcription factor Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108091023040 Transcription factor Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010009583 Transforming Growth Factors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000009618 Transforming Growth Factors Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100030742 Transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 206010047642 Vitiligo Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108010048673 Vitronectin Receptors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- QQEHDZXXCDSAFE-JBSAMAPISA-N [(3s,8r,9s,10r,13s,14s,17r)-17-acetyl-6-chloro-3-hydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-1,2,3,8,9,11,12,14,15,16-decahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl] acetate Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C2=C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@@](C(C)=O)(OC(=O)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2 QQEHDZXXCDSAFE-JBSAMAPISA-N 0.000 description 1
- IPBVNPXQWQGGJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid phenyl ester Natural products CC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 IPBVNPXQWQGGJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 201000001028 acute contagious conjunctivitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930013930 alkaloid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000003797 alkaloid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002009 allergenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003872 anastomosis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003110 anti-inflammatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960000271 arbutin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010323 ascorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960005070 ascorbic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011668 ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzothiazole Chemical class C1=CC=C2SC=NC2=C1 IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004071 biological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008827 biological function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000031018 biological processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000011510 cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229960004203 carnitine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000000845 cartilage Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000012292 cell migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003855 cell nucleus Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000007253 cellular alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036755 cellular response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001684 chronic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003501 co-culture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011284 combination treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010835 comparative analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003184 complementary RNA Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XUJNEKJLAYXESH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cysteine Natural products SCC(N)C(O)=O XUJNEKJLAYXESH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000018417 cysteine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001086 cytosolic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000004443 dendritic cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100001030 dermal change Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000035618 desquamation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002549 elastin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 210000000981 epithelium Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000004299 exfoliation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000014818 extracellular matrix organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940125753 fibrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 108060002894 fibrillar collagen Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000013373 fibrillar collagen Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 210000002950 fibroblast Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000007850 fluorescent dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000245 forearm Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000009368 gene silencing by RNA Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036039 immunity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010874 in vitro model Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000411 inducer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004054 inflammatory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001802 infusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035984 keratolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- BEJNERDRQOWKJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N kojic acid Chemical compound OCC1=CC(=O)C(O)=CO1 BEJNERDRQOWKJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004705 kojic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WZNJWVWKTVETCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N kojic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CN1C=CC(=O)C(O)=C1 WZNJWVWKTVETCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101150058482 ku gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010024217 lentigo Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012139 lysis buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036564 melanin content Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008099 melanin synthesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003101 melanogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001440 melanophage Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000002780 melanosome Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 108091029500 miR-183 stem-loop Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108091048549 miR-29b stem-loop Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108091070501 miRNA Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000002493 microarray Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003068 molecular probe Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000877 morphologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003463 organelle Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- BJRNKVDFDLYUGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-hydroxyphenyl beta-D-alloside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 BJRNKVDFDLYUGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003076 paracrine Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008807 pathological lesion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940049953 phenylacetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WLJVXDMOQOGPHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 WLJVXDMOQOGPHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000865 phosphorylative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003711 photoprotective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036211 photosensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035479 physiological effects, processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000008442 polyphenolic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000013824 polyphenols Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- JWVCLYRUEFBMGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinazoline Chemical compound N1=CN=CC2=CC=CC=C21 JWVCLYRUEFBMGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010839 reverse transcription Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000003385 seborrheic keratosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000000932 sedative agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001624 sedative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004927 skin cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000004936 stimulating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002910 structure generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003536 tetrazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 108010060887 thrombospondin 2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000017423 tissue regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002103 transcriptional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010474 transient expression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001364 upper extremity Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- ACWBQPMHZXGDFX-QFIPXVFZSA-N valsartan Chemical compound C1=CC(CN(C(=O)CCCC)[C@@H](C(C)C)C(O)=O)=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1C1=NN=NN1 ACWBQPMHZXGDFX-QFIPXVFZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004699 valsartan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 108700026220 vif Genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000012800 visualization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000341 volatile oil Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
- C12Q1/6876—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes
- C12Q1/6883—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes for diseases caused by alterations of genetic material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
- C12Q1/6811—Selection methods for production or design of target specific oligonucleotides or binding molecules
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/335—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin
- A61K31/34—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having five-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. isosorbide
- A61K31/343—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having five-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. isosorbide condensed with a carbocyclic ring, e.g. coumaran, bufuralol, befunolol, clobenfurol, amiodarone
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/4353—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems
- A61K31/4375—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems the heterocyclic ring system containing a six-membered ring having nitrogen as a ring heteroatom, e.g. quinolizines, naphthyridines, berberine, vincamine
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
- A61K31/4427—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems
- A61K31/4439—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems containing a five-membered ring with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. omeprazole
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/47—Quinolines; Isoquinolines
- A61K31/4738—Quinolines; Isoquinolines ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems
- A61K31/4745—Quinolines; Isoquinolines ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems condensed with ring systems having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. phenantrolines
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
- A61K31/505—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim
- A61K31/517—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic ring systems, e.g. quinazoline, perimidine
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K35/00—Medicinal preparations containing materials or reaction products thereof with undetermined constitution
- A61K35/12—Materials from mammals; Compositions comprising non-specified tissues or cells; Compositions comprising non-embryonic stem cells; Genetically modified cells
- A61K35/32—Bones; Osteocytes; Osteoblasts; Tendons; Tenocytes; Teeth; Odontoblasts; Cartilage; Chondrocytes; Synovial membrane
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
- A61K8/33—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing oxygen
- A61K8/37—Esters of carboxylic acids
- A61K8/375—Esters of carboxylic acids the alcohol moiety containing more than one hydroxy group
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
- A61K8/40—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing nitrogen
- A61K8/41—Amines
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
- A61K8/49—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing heterocyclic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
- A61K8/49—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing heterocyclic compounds
- A61K8/494—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing heterocyclic compounds with more than one nitrogen as the only hetero atom
- A61K8/4953—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing heterocyclic compounds with more than one nitrogen as the only hetero atom containing pyrimidine ring derivatives, e.g. minoxidil
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
- A61K8/60—Sugars; Derivatives thereof
- A61K8/606—Nucleosides; Nucleotides; Nucleic acids
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
- A61K8/64—Proteins; Peptides; Derivatives or degradation products thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
- A61K8/67—Vitamins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N7/00—Ultrasound therapy
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
- A61P17/16—Emollients or protectives, e.g. against radiation
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
- A61Q19/02—Preparations for care of the skin for chemically bleaching or whitening the skin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
- A61Q19/04—Preparations for care of the skin for chemically tanning the skin
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
- C12Q1/6876—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes
- C12Q1/6881—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes for tissue or cell typing, e.g. human leukocyte antigen [HLA] probes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/5005—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells
- G01N33/5008—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells for testing or evaluating the effect of chemical or biological compounds, e.g. drugs, cosmetics
- G01N33/502—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells for testing or evaluating the effect of chemical or biological compounds, e.g. drugs, cosmetics for testing non-proliferative effects
- G01N33/5023—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells for testing or evaluating the effect of chemical or biological compounds, e.g. drugs, cosmetics for testing non-proliferative effects on expression patterns
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/5005—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells
- G01N33/5008—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells for testing or evaluating the effect of chemical or biological compounds, e.g. drugs, cosmetics
- G01N33/5044—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells for testing or evaluating the effect of chemical or biological compounds, e.g. drugs, cosmetics involving specific cell types
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/68—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids
- G01N33/6881—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids from skin
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/68—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids
- G01N33/6893—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids related to diseases not provided for elsewhere
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K2800/00—Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
- A61K2800/74—Biological properties of particular ingredients
- A61K2800/78—Enzyme modulators, e.g. Enzyme agonists
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K2800/00—Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
- A61K2800/74—Biological properties of particular ingredients
- A61K2800/78—Enzyme modulators, e.g. Enzyme agonists
- A61K2800/782—Enzyme inhibitors; Enzyme antagonists
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K2800/00—Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
- A61K2800/80—Process related aspects concerning the preparation of the cosmetic composition or the storage or application thereof
- A61K2800/81—Preparation or application process involves irradiation
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K35/00—Medicinal preparations containing materials or reaction products thereof with undetermined constitution
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N7/00—Ultrasound therapy
- A61N2007/0004—Applications of ultrasound therapy
- A61N2007/0034—Skin treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N2310/00—Structure or type of the nucleic acid
- C12N2310/10—Type of nucleic acid
- C12N2310/11—Antisense
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N2310/00—Structure or type of the nucleic acid
- C12N2310/10—Type of nucleic acid
- C12N2310/14—Type of nucleic acid interfering N.A.
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N2310/00—Structure or type of the nucleic acid
- C12N2310/10—Type of nucleic acid
- C12N2310/14—Type of nucleic acid interfering N.A.
- C12N2310/141—MicroRNAs, miRNAs
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N2320/00—Applications; Uses
- C12N2320/30—Special therapeutic applications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q2600/00—Oligonucleotides characterized by their use
- C12Q2600/106—Pharmacogenomics, i.e. genetic variability in individual responses to drugs and drug metabolism
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q2600/00—Oligonucleotides characterized by their use
- C12Q2600/112—Disease subtyping, staging or classification
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q2600/00—Oligonucleotides characterized by their use
- C12Q2600/148—Screening for cosmetic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q2600/00—Oligonucleotides characterized by their use
- C12Q2600/158—Expression markers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q2600/00—Oligonucleotides characterized by their use
- C12Q2600/16—Primer sets for multiplex assays
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2800/00—Detection or diagnosis of diseases
- G01N2800/20—Dermatological disorders
- G01N2800/207—Pigmentation disorders
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2800/00—Detection or diagnosis of diseases
- G01N2800/52—Predicting or monitoring the response to treatment, e.g. for selection of therapy based on assay results in personalised medicine; Prognosis
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Cell Biology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Dermatology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
- Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
Description
良性皮膚色素障害は、一般的に、美しくないとみなされている。
− リストA:TGF−β−SMADシグナル伝達経路の活性化に関与する因子をコードする遺伝子:TGFBR2、TGFBI、BMP2、SMAD3、THBS2、TGFBR3、SEMA5A、SMAD7、およびSOSTDC1。しかし、遺伝子SEMA5Aは、任意で、このリストAから除外してもよい;ならびに
− リストB:以下の遺伝子を含む:FRAS1、LEPREL1、MATN2、DST、PLOD2、ITGA2、COL6A3、CRTAP、LAMC1、LAMB3、LAMA3、ITGAV、ITGB1、およびACTN1。遺伝子ITGB1は、任意で、このリストBから除外することができる。リストBにおいて、以下の機能的グループを識別することができる:
− 細胞外マトリックスの構成要素である、コラーゲン、より特に、間質の線維状コラーゲン、ならびに生合成およびコラーゲン会合体に関連した分子をコードする遺伝子:LEPREL1、PLOD2、COL6A3、およびCRTAP;
− 細胞外マトリックスの接着性タンパク質である、ラミニンをコードする遺伝子:LAMC1、LAMB3、およびLAMA3;
− 基底膜帯域に関連したマトリックスタンパク質をコードする遺伝子:FRAS1、MATN2、およびDST;
− 細胞の細胞外マトリックスへの結合に関与したインテグリンをコードする遺伝子:ITGA2およびITGAV、任意でITGB1を含む;ならびに
− 細胞外マトリックスの構成要素である、アクチンをコードする遺伝子:ACTN1。
− 遺伝子がTGFBR2、TGFBI、BMP2、SMAD3、THBS2、TGFBR3、SEMA5A、SMAD7、FRAS1、LEPREL1、MATN2、DST、ITGA2、COL6A3、CRTAP、LAMC1、LAMB3、LAMA3、ITGAV、ITGB1、およびACTN1から選択される場合には、隣接した未損傷皮膚における、または隣接した未損傷皮膚の試料におけるレベルと比較して、斑から得られる皮膚において、または斑から得られる皮膚試料においてより高く、
− 遺伝子がSOSTDC1およびPLOD2から選択される場合には、隣接した未損傷皮膚における、または隣接した未損傷皮膚の試料におけるレベルと比較して、斑から得られる皮膚において、または斑から得られる皮膚試料においてより低い
場合、疑われ、または観察される斑が色素沈着過剰斑であるという結論が導かれる。
− 遺伝子がTGFBR2、TGFBI、BMP2、SMAD3、THBS2、TGFBR3、SEMA5A、SMAD7、FRAS1、LEPREL1、MATN2、DST、ITGA2、COL6A3、CRTAP、LAMC1、LAMB3、LAMA3、ITGAV、ITGB1、およびACTN1から選択される場合には、隣接した未損傷皮膚における、または隣接した未損傷皮膚の試料におけるレベルと比較して、斑から得られる皮膚において、または斑から得られる皮膚試料においてより低く、
− 遺伝子がSOSTDC1およびPLOD2から選択される場合には、隣接した未損傷皮膚における、または隣接した未損傷皮膚の試料におけるレベルと比較して、斑から得られる皮膚において、または斑から得られる皮膚試料においてより高い
場合、疑われ、または観察される斑が色素脱失斑であるという結論が導かれる。
− 細胞外のプロテオグリカンおよび糖タンパク質のファミリーのタンパク質をコードする遺伝子EFEMP1、ECM1、ASPN、HS3ST6、PAPLN、CHSY1、およびFLRT2;
− マトリックスリモデリングに関連づけられるタンパク質をコードする遺伝子MXRA5、LYZ、CTSL2、PLAU、およびTIMP1。
− 遺伝子がEFEMP1、ASPN、PAPLN、CHSY1、MXRA5、LYZ、PLAU、およびTIMP1から選択される場合には、隣接した未損傷皮膚における、または隣接した未損傷皮膚の試料におけるレベルと比較して、斑から得られる皮膚において、または斑から得られる皮膚試料においてより高く、
− 遺伝子がHS3ST6、FLRT2、ECM1、およびCTSL2から選択される場合には、隣接した未損傷皮膚における、または隣接した未損傷皮膚の試料におけるレベルと比較して、斑から得られる皮膚において、または斑から得られる皮膚試料においてより低い
場合、色素沈着過剰斑の存在を確認するという結果をもたらすことができる。
− 遺伝子がEFEMP1、ASPN、PAPLN、CHSY1、MXRA5、LYZ、PLAU、およびTIMP1から選択される場合には、隣接した未損傷皮膚における、または隣接した未損傷皮膚の試料におけるレベルと比較して、斑から得られる皮膚において、または斑から得られる皮膚試料においてより低く、
− 遺伝子がHS3ST6、FLRT2、ECM1、およびCTSL2から選択される場合には、隣接した未損傷皮膚における、または隣接した未損傷皮膚の試料におけるレベルと比較して、斑から得られる皮膚において、または斑から得られる皮膚試料においてより高い
場合、色素脱失斑の存在を確認することができる。
− 遺伝子がTGFBR2、TGFBI、BMP2、SMAD3、THBS2、TGFBR3、SEMA5A、SMAD7、FRAS1、LEPREL1、MATN2、DST、ITGA2、COL6A3、CRTAP、LAMC1、LAMB3、LAMA3、ITGAV、ITGB1、およびACTN1から選択される場合には、処置前の発現レベルと比較して、処置後により低く、
− 遺伝子がSOSTDC1およびPLOD2から選択される場合には、処置前の発現レベルと比較して、処置後により高い
場合、色素沈着過剰斑の処置に有効であるとみなされる。
− 遺伝子がTGFBR2、TGFBI、BMP2、SMAD3、THBS2、TGFBR3、SEMA5A、SMAD7、FRAS1、LEPREL1、MATN2、DST、ITGA2、COL6A3、CRTAP、LAMC1、LAMB3、LAMA3、ITGAV、ITGB1、およびACTN1から選択される場合には、処置前の発現レベルと比較して、処置後により高く、
− 遺伝子がSOSTDC1およびPLOD2から選択される場合には、処置前の発現レベルと比較して、処置後により低い
場合、色素脱失斑の処置に有効であるとみなされる。
− 遺伝子TGFBR2、TGFBI、BMP2、SMAD3、THBS2、TGFBR3、SEMA5A、SMAD7、SOSTDC1、FRAS1、LEPREL1、MATN2、DST、PLOD2、ITGA2、COL6A3、CRTAP、LAMC1、LAMB3、LAMA3、ITGAV、ITGB1、およびACTN1から、さらに好ましくは、リストA由来の遺伝子から、もしくは遺伝子TGFBR2、TGFBI、BMP2、SMAD3、THBS2、およびTGFBR3から、またはリストB由来の遺伝子から、もしくは重ねて、遺伝子FRAS1、LEPREL1、MATN2、DST、PLOD2、およびITGA2から選択される少なくとも1個の遺伝子、ならびに
− 遺伝子EFEMP1、ECM1、ASPN、HS3ST6、PAPLN、CHSY1、FLRT2、MXRA5、LYZ、CTSL2、PLAU、およびTIMP1から選択される少なくとも1個の第2の遺伝子。あるいは、第2の遺伝子は、遺伝子EFEMP1、ECM1、ASPN、HS3ST6、PAPLN、CHSY1、FLRT2から、またはさらに遺伝子MXRA5、LYZ、CTSL2、PLAU、およびTIMP1から選択してもよい。
− 遺伝子がEFEMP1、ASPN、PAPLN、CHSY1、MXRA5、LYZ、PLAU、およびTIMP1から選択される場合には、処置前の発現レベルと比較して、処置後により低く、
− 遺伝子がHS3ST6、FLRT2、ECM1、およびCTSL2から選択される場合には、処置前の発現レベルと比較して、処置後により高い
場合、処置が色素沈着過剰斑の処置として有効であるとみなす。
− 遺伝子がEFEMP1、ASPN、PAPLN、CHSY1、MXRA5、LYZ、PLAU、およびTIMP1から選択される場合には、処置前の発現レベルと比較して、処置後により高く、
− 遺伝子がHS3ST6、FLRT2、ECM1、およびCTSL2から選択される場合には、処置前の発現レベルと比較して、処置後により低い
場合、処置が色素脱失斑の処置として有効であるとみなす。
− 遺伝子TGFBR2、TGFBI、BMP2、SMAD3、THBS2、TGFBR3、SEMA5A、SMAD7、およびSOSTDC1から、またはさらにリストB由来の遺伝子から、または重ねて、TGFBR2、TGFBI、BMP2、SMAD3、THBS2、TGFBR3、SEMA5A、SMAD7、SOSTDC1、FRAS1、LEPREL1、MATN2、DST、PLOD2、ITGA2、COL6A3、CRTAP、LAMC1、LAMB3、LAMA3、ITGAV、ITGB1、およびACTN1から選択される1個、ならびに
− 遺伝子EFEMP1、ECM1、ASPN、HS3ST6、PAPLN、CHSY1、FLRT2、MXRA5、LYZ、CTSL2、PLAU、およびTIMP1から、好ましくは遺伝子EFEMP1、ECM1、ASPN、HS3ST6、PAPLN、CHSY1、およびFLRT2から、またはさらに遺伝子MXRA5、LYZ、CTSL2、PLAU、およびTIMP1から選択される2個目。
− 遺伝子TGFBR2、TGFBI、BMP2、SMAD3、THBS2、TGFBR3、SEMA5A、およびSMAD7から、もしくはさらに遺伝子FRAS1、LEPREL1、MATN2、DST、ITGA2、COL6A3、CRTAP、LAMC1、LAMB3、LAMA3、ITGAV、ITGB1、およびACTN1から、もしくはさらに遺伝子TGFBR2、TGFBI、BMP2、SMAD3、THBS2、TGFBR3、SEMA5A、SMAD7、FRAS1、LEPREL1、MATN2、DST、ITGA2、COL6A3、CRTAP、LAMC1、LAMB3、LAMA3、ITGAV、ITGB1、およびACTN1から選択される少なくとも1個の遺伝子の発現の完全な、部分的な、もしくは一時的な阻害、またはさらに
− 遺伝子SOSTDC1もしくは遺伝子PLOD2の発現における、場合により一時的な、増加。
光線性黒子病変から得られる皮膚(LS)と隣接した未損傷皮膚(US)の遺伝子発現プロファイルの比較研究を行った。
1°)雀卵斑(指紋様構造の欠如、均質な色素沈着、および虫の食ったような縁帯域)から、および扁平な脂漏性角化症(複数の稗粒腫様嚢胞または仮性嚢胞、ならびに虫の食ったような縁帯域、偽濾胞性開口、および指紋様パターン)から区別される真皮表皮接合部パターン判定基準(「指紋様構造」)を用いて病変(全く光線性黒子のみ)の臨床診断を検証すること[Menziesら;Stolzら;Carliら]、
2°)皮膚生検が行われることになっているこれらの病変の内側の構造/パターンに関して均質な帯域を限定すること、
3°)Matlab(登録商標)(SQAソフトウェア、CMLA、ENS Cachan、UMR CNRS 8536)において開発された特定のソフトウェアを用いる定量的画像分析に基づいた表現型スコアを確立すること。
健康な皮膚と比較して、光線性黒子において過剰発現している遺伝子TGFBR2、TGFBI、BMP2、SMAD3、THBS2、TGFBR3、SEMA5A、SMAD7、EFEMP1、ASPN、PAPLN、CHSY1、MXRA5、LYZ、PLAU、TIMP1、FRAS1、LEPREL1、MATN2、DST、ITGA2、COL6A3、CRTAP、LAMC1、LAMB3、LAMA3、ITGAV、ITGB1、およびACTN1。
健康な皮膚と比較して、光線性黒子において低発現している遺伝子SOSTDC1、ECM1、HS3ST6、FLRT2、CTSL2、およびPLOD2。
50〜70歳の表現型II〜IVを有する15人の女性ボランティアを選択した。3mmの最小寸法を有する手の甲由来の光線性黒子を選択した。それらをエピルミネセンスによって特徴づけた。エピルミネセンスによる特徴づけの様々な利点を、実施例1に提示した。
ステップ:
− Affymetrix識別子(プローブセット)についての選別:少なくとも1つの生検の2つの複製物に存在するプローブセットのみを保持した。この選別後、23968個のプローブセットが保持された。
− 患者効果の抑制:示差分析の結果において観察される患者効果を抑制するために、各プローブセットの発現を、4つのアレイに対応するプローブセットについての4つの値の幾何平均で割った。
− 示差分析:これは、2つの方法、2638個(誘導された1521個および抑圧された1117個を含む)のプローブセットを同定したcNMF分析(コンセンサス非負行列因数分解)(LeeおよびSeung(1999)、Brunetら(2004)、Fogelら(2007)、Fogelら(2008))、および610個の調節されたプローブセットを同定したPLS(部分最小二乗回帰)方法によって得られたリストを組み合わせることによって作成された。2つのリストを組み合わせることにより、3248個のプローブセットのリストが生じた。
− 調節についての選別:誘導された遺伝子について、13個の補正された倍数(CF)の幾何平均≧1.5でのプローブセットの選択:562個の誘導されたプローブセットのリスト。抑圧された遺伝子について、13個の補正された倍数CFの幾何平均≦0.67でのプローブセットの選択:807個の抑制されたプローブセットのリスト。合計:562+807=1369個の調節されたプローブセット、すなわち、重複を除いた後の1007個のプローブセット(1002個のcNMFアプローチ+5個のPLSアプローチ)。
− 13人の患者についての選別:ヒストグラムの形での1007個のプローブセットの調節の可視化、および13人の患者において同じ方向で調節されたプローブセットの選択。病変生検を未損傷生検から区別し、かつ研究の13人の患者において同じ方向で調節される132個のプローブセットの最終リスト。
− 1007個のプローブセットのリストの分析
・P値(≦0.00001)についての選別
最も識別力のある遺伝子のみを保持するために、本発明者らは、1002個のプローブセットのリストにP値、P≦0.00001についての選別を適用した。この新しい選別は、827個のプローブセットを生じ、それに、PLSから得られた5個のプローブセットが加えられた→832個のプローブセットのリスト。
黒子において脱制御されたタンパク質を所望の方向に調節するための既知の化合物が存在する。細胞外マトリックスの遺伝子/タンパク質ファミリーについて以下を引用することができる:
− SMAD3の発現を低下させる、例えば、フェノフィブラートを含むフィブラート、
− SMAD3を低下させる、オキシマトリンを含むアルカロイド、またはSMAD3およびTGFBR2を低下させる、例えば、サルビアノール酸Bなどのポリフェノール
− SMAD3を低下させる、天然抽出物、特に、Wen−pi−tang−hab−wu−ling−sanなどの薬草
− SMAD3を低下させる、SB−431542などのTGF−βR1のアンタゴニストである、イミダゾールファミリーの化合物、
− ITGB1を低下させる、特定のmiRNA、特にmiR183およびmiR29b、
− PLAUの活性を低下させる、p−アミノベンザミジンまたはB428 4−置換型ベンゾ[b]チオフェン−2−カルボキサミジンなどのウロキナーゼ型プラスミノーゲン活性化因子(uPA)の阻害剤、
− PLAUの発現を低下させる、NaPAなどの酢酸フェニルファミリーの化合物、
− BMP2およびCOL6A3を低下させる、ピオグリタゾンを含む、チアゾリジンジオン化学的ファミリーの化合物、
− BMP2の発現を低下させる、例えば、GW−0742を含むチアゾール化学的ファミリーの化合物、
− TIMP1を低下させる、バルサルタンなどのテトラゾールファミリーの化合物。
− PLOD2を増加させる、バンデタニブ(ZD64745 5)などのキナゾリンファミリーの化合物。
− 核酸(好ましくは、アンチセンスRNAまたはRNAi)、中和抗体、
− 電気的、光、機械的、または熱的手段。例として、低強度パルス超音波(LIPUS)は、PLOD2の量または活性を増加させるために用いることができる。
1)処理プロトコール
再構築色素性皮膚(RPS)についてのTGF−βでの処理プロトコールは、図1に示されている。それは以下の通りであった:
− 剥離した表皮上でのドーパ反応後、メラノサイトの組込みおよび形態を観察した;
− 比色輝度測定により、試料の透明性の程度に関する情報が提供された(L*が低いほど、試料は暗い);
− 皮膚切片のフォンタナ・マッソン染色後に、メラニンの存在が観察された;および
− 表皮に存在するメラニンの量を、画像分析によって測定した。
結果は、200pg/mLのTGF−β1での処理および対照との比較後、以下であることを示している(図2および3):
− メラノサイトは、表皮中にまだ存在し、正しい樹状形態を保持している;
− メラニン沈着は表皮においてより高い;
− 試料の輝度は低下した(処理された再構築色素性皮膚の褐変);
− メラニン含有量は、フォンタナ・マッソン染色切片の観察により肉眼で見えるほど増加し、画像分析を用いるメラニンの定量化によって客観化した。
Andersen WK, Labadie RR, Bhawan J. “Histopathology of solar lentigines of the face: a quantitative study.” J Am Acad Dermatol. 1997 Mar;36(3 Pt1):444-7.
Ber Rahman S, Bhawan J. Lentigo. Int J Dermatol. 1996 Apr;35(4):229-39. Review.
Berking C, Takemoto R, Schaider H, Showe L, Satyamoorthy K, Robbins P, Herlyn M. “Transforming Growth Factor-β1 Increases Survival of Human Melanoma through Stroma Remodelling”. Cancer Res (2001); 61: 8306-8316.
Cario-Andre M, Lepreux S, Pain C, Nizard C, Noblesse E, Taieb A. “Perilesional vs. lesional skin changes in senile lentigo.” J Cutan Pathol. 2004 Jul;31(6):441-7.
Carli P. Salvini C. “Lentigines including lentigo simplex, reticulated lentigo, and actinic lentigo.” In Color Atlas of melanocytic lesions of the skin. Soyer H.P., Argenziano G., Hofman-Wellenhof R. , Johr R. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2007: 290-294.
Kawata Y, Suzuki H, Higaki Y, Denisenko O, Schullery D, Abrass C, Bomsztyk; “Bcn-1 Element-dependent activation of the laminin gamma 1 chain gene by the cooperative action of transcription factor E3 (TFE3) and SMAD proteins.” J Biol Chem. 2002; 277(13):11375-84.
Menzies SW, Crotty KA, Ingvar C, McCarthy WH. “Benign pigmented macules.” In An atlas of surface microscopy of pigmented skin lesions: Demoscopy. Eds Menzies SW, Crotty KA, Ingvar C, McCarthy WH. McGraw-Hill book company Australia Pty Limited, North Ryde, Australia. 2003: pp 53-60
Montagna W, Hu F, Carlisle K. “A reinvestigation of solar lentigines”. Arch Dermatol. 1980 Oct;116(10):1151-4.
Stolz W, Braun-Falco O, Bilek P, Landthaler M, Burgdorf WHC, Cognetta AB. “Differential diagnosis of pigmented skin lesions” In Color atlas of dermatology . Eds Stolz W, Braun-Falco O, Bilek P, Landthaler M, Burgdorf WHC, Cognetta AB. Blackwell Wissenschafts- Verlag, Berlin, Germany.2002: pp41-66.
Verrecchia F, Chu ML, Mauviel A. “Identification of novel TGF-beta /SMAD gene targets in dermal fibroblasts using a combined cDNA microarray/promoter transactivation approach”. J. Biol. Chem. (2001) 276: 17058-17062.
Claims (13)
- ヒトにおいて既知の、または疑われる皮膚色素斑をエクスビボで又はインビトロで分析する方法であって、前記皮膚色素斑が光線性、老年性又は日光性黒子であり、
A)遺伝子TGFBR2、TGFBI、BMP2、SMAD3、THBS2、TGFBR3、SEMA5A、SMAD7、およびSOSTDC1によって構成されるリストから選択される細胞外マトリックスに関連づけられる少なくとも一の真皮遺伝子の、前記斑から得られる皮膚の試料における真皮の細胞内の発現レベルと隣接した未損傷皮膚から得られる皮膚の試料における真皮の細胞内の発現レベルを比較することを含む、方法。 - リストAから選択される少なくとも2の別個の遺伝子の発現レベルを比較することを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- リストAから選択される少なくとも5の別個の遺伝子の発現レベルを比較することを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記遺伝子が、遺伝子TGFBR2、TGFBI、BMP2、SMAD3、THBS2、およびTGFBR3によって構成されるリストから選択される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 発現レベルが、
− 遺伝子がTGFBR2、TGFBI、BMP2、SMAD3、THBS2、TGFBR3、SEMA5A、及びSMAD7から選択される場合には、隣接した未損傷皮膚の試料におけるレベルと比較して、前記斑から得られる皮膚試料においてより高く、及び
− 遺伝子がSOSTDC1である場合には、隣接した未損傷皮膚の試料におけるレベルと比較して、前記斑から得られる皮膚試料においてより低い
とき、前記光線性、老年性又は日光性黒子が確認される、請求項1に記載の方法。 - 皮膚色素斑の処置の有効性を評価するための方法であって、前記皮膚色素斑が光線性、老年性又は日光性黒子であり、遺伝子TGFBR2、TGFBI、BMP2、SMAD3、THBS2、TGFBR3、SEMA5A、SMAD7、およびSOSTDC1によって構成されるリストから選択される細胞外マトリックスに関連づけられる少なくとも一の真皮遺伝子の、処置前と処置後の、前記斑から得られる皮膚試料における、真皮の細胞内の発現レベルを比較することを含み、
発現レベルが、
− 遺伝子がTGFBR2、TGFBI、BMP2、SMAD3、THBS2、TGFBR3、SEMA5A、及びSMAD7から選択される場合には、処置前の発現レベルと比較して、処置後により低く、及び
− 遺伝子がSOSTDC1である場合には、処置前の発現レベルと比較して、処置後により高い
とき、前記処置が光線性、老年性又は日光性黒子の処置に有効であるとみなされる、方法。 - 皮膚色素斑の処置の有効性を評価するためのインビトロ方法であって、前記皮膚色素斑が光線性、老年性又は日光性黒子であり、遺伝子TGFBR2、TGFBI、BMP2、SMAD3、THBS2、TGFBR3、SEMA5A、SMAD7、およびSOSTDC1によって構成されるリストから選択される、細胞外マトリックスに関連づけられる少なくとも一の真皮遺伝子の、皮膚を表す細胞モデルにおける発現レベル、またはさらに前記選択された遺伝子の発現産物の発現もしくは活性レベルを、処置前と処置後で比較することを含み、
発現レベルが、
− 遺伝子がTGFBR2、TGFBI、BMP2、SMAD3、THBS2、TGFBR3、SEMA5A、及びSMAD7から選択される場合には、処置前の発現レベルと比較して、処置後により低く、及び
− 遺伝子がSOSTDC1である場合には、処置前の発現レベルと比較して、処置後により高い
とき、前記処置が有効であるとみなされる、方法。 - ヒト皮膚の非病理学的皮膚色素斑を低減又は予防するための美容的方法であって、前記皮膚色素斑が光線性、老年性又は日光性黒子であり、細胞外マトリックスに関連づけられる真皮遺伝子の発現または活性のレベルを調節することを含み、前記遺伝子が、遺伝子TGFBR2、TGFBI、BMP2、SMAD3、THBS2、TGFBR3、SEMA5A、SMAD7、およびSOSTDC1によって構成されるリストから選択され、非病理学的皮膚色素斑は治療的理由で除去することが望ましい斑を含まず、前記調節が、ピオグリタゾン、GW0742、フェノフィブラート、オキシマトリン、サルビアノール酸B、SB−431542、Wen−pi−tang−Hab−Wu−ling−san抽出物、及びこれらの調節因子の少なくとも2つの組合せから選択される調節因子により達成される、美容的方法。
- 遺伝子TGFBR2、TGFBI、BMP2、SMAD3、THBS2、TGFBR3、SEMA5A、SMAD7、およびSOSTDC1によって構成されるリストから選択される少なくとも2の遺伝子の調節を含む、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記方法が、遺伝子TGFBR2、TGFBI、BMP2、SMAD3、THBS2、TGFBR3、SEMA5A、SMAD7、およびSOSTDC1によって構成されるリストから選択される少なくとも5の別個の遺伝子の調節を含む、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 遺伝子がTGFBR2、TGFBI、BMP2、SMAD3、THBS2、TGFBR3、SEMA5A、及びSMAD7から選択される場合には、前記調節が阻害であり、前記遺伝子がSOSTDC1である場合には、前記調節が発現または活性のレベルの増加である、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 非病理学的皮膚色素斑の処置における美容的適用のための、遺伝子TGFBR2、TGFBI、BMP2、SMAD3、THBS2、TGFBR3、SEMA5A、SMAD7、およびSOSTDC1によって構成されるリストから選択される少なくとも一の真皮遺伝子の発現産物の発現または活性のレベルの調節因子の使用であって、前記調節因子が、前記選択された1つまたは複数の遺伝子の発現産物の発現または活性のレベルを改変するものであり、前記皮膚色素斑が光線性、老年性又は日光性黒子であって治療的理由で除去することが望ましい斑を含まず、前記調節因子が、ピオグリタゾン、GW0742、フェノフィブラート、オキシマトリン、サルビアノール酸B、SB−431542、Wen−pi−tang−Hab−Wu−ling−san抽出物、またはこれらの調節因子の少なくとも2つの組合せである、使用。
- 皮膚色素斑の処置における適用のための、遺伝子TGFBR2、TGFBI、BMP2、SMAD3、THBS2、TGFBR3、SEMA5A、SMAD7、およびSOSTDC1によって構成されるリストから選択される少なくとも一の真皮遺伝子の発現産物の発現または活性のレベルの調節因子であって、前記選択された1つまたは複数の遺伝子の発現産物の発現または活性のレベルを改変し、前記皮膚色素斑が光線性、老年性又は日光性黒子であり、前記調節因子が、ピオグリタゾン、GW0742、フェノフィブラート、オキシマトリン、サルビアノール酸B、SB−431542、及びWen−pi−tang−Hab−Wu−ling−san抽出物から選択される、調節因子。
Applications Claiming Priority (9)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1153537A FR2974373B1 (fr) | 2011-04-22 | 2011-04-22 | Signature moleculaire des taches pigmentaires cutanees, associee a la matrice extracellulaire |
FR1153533A FR2974370B1 (fr) | 2011-04-22 | 2011-04-22 | Signature moleculaire des taches pigmentaires cutanees, associee a la voie de signalisation tgf-beta - smad |
FR1153537 | 2011-04-22 | ||
FR1153533 | 2011-04-22 | ||
US201161494441P | 2011-06-08 | 2011-06-08 | |
US201161494438P | 2011-06-08 | 2011-06-08 | |
US61/494,438 | 2011-06-08 | ||
US61/494,441 | 2011-06-08 | ||
PCT/FR2012/050860 WO2012172220A1 (fr) | 2011-04-22 | 2012-04-20 | Signature moléculaire des taches pigmentaires cutanées, associée à la matrice extracellulaire |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2017079650A Division JP6836950B2 (ja) | 2011-04-22 | 2017-04-13 | 細胞外マトリックスに関連した皮膚色素斑の分子シグネチャー |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2014516253A JP2014516253A (ja) | 2014-07-10 |
JP6181042B2 true JP6181042B2 (ja) | 2017-08-16 |
Family
ID=49955091
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2014505704A Active JP6181042B2 (ja) | 2011-04-22 | 2012-04-20 | 細胞外マトリックスに関連した皮膚色素斑の分子シグネチャー |
JP2017079650A Active JP6836950B2 (ja) | 2011-04-22 | 2017-04-13 | 細胞外マトリックスに関連した皮膚色素斑の分子シグネチャー |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2017079650A Active JP6836950B2 (ja) | 2011-04-22 | 2017-04-13 | 細胞外マトリックスに関連した皮膚色素斑の分子シグネチャー |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20150307940A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2699221B1 (ja) |
JP (2) | JP6181042B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR102072783B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN103619318B (ja) |
ES (1) | ES2624671T3 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2012172220A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2014207874A (ja) * | 2013-03-28 | 2014-11-06 | ポーラ化成工業株式会社 | 肌の色調改善剤のスクリーニング法 |
EP3039159B1 (en) * | 2013-08-30 | 2017-10-04 | The Procter and Gamble Company | Methods of identifying cosmetic agents for treating periorbital dyschromia and systems therefor |
FR3015526B1 (fr) * | 2013-12-20 | 2017-02-17 | Oreal | Biomarqueur npy1r du lentigo actinique |
FR3015524B1 (fr) * | 2013-12-20 | 2016-06-03 | Oreal | Signature moleculaire du lentigo actinique specifique des peaux asiatiques |
FR3015525B1 (fr) * | 2013-12-20 | 2017-06-09 | Oreal | Biomarqueur rnase 7 du lentigo actinique |
FR3015523B1 (fr) * | 2013-12-20 | 2020-05-29 | L'oreal | Signature moleculaire du lentigo actinique |
JP2016027015A (ja) * | 2014-06-24 | 2016-02-18 | 花王株式会社 | Smad3阻害剤 |
GB2534879A (en) * | 2015-02-03 | 2016-08-10 | Stratton Richard | The identification of genomic markers in the first intron of the LEPREL 1 gene which predict resistance or susceptibilty to fibrotic disorders |
KR101971358B1 (ko) * | 2016-09-26 | 2019-04-23 | 동국대학교 산학협력단 | 검버섯 진단용 마커로서의 구아닌 탈아미노효소의 용도 |
CA3048334A1 (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2018-07-05 | Nogra Pharma Limited | Compositions of smad7 antisense oligonucleotide and methods of treating or preventing psoriasis |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0474174A3 (en) * | 1990-09-06 | 1993-01-27 | Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd. | Process for preparing osteogenesis promoting substances |
US7622117B2 (en) * | 2002-04-17 | 2009-11-24 | Dynamis Therapeutics, Inc. | 3-deoxyglucosone and skin |
KR20050068588A (ko) * | 2003-12-30 | 2005-07-05 | 주식회사 엘지생활건강 | 가려움증 완화 화장료 조성물 |
JP2007289063A (ja) * | 2006-04-25 | 2007-11-08 | Shiseido Co Ltd | しみ部位亢進遺伝子群を指標とした皮膚しみ形成予知方法、皮膚しみ形成抑制剤のスクリーニング方法 |
WO2008137772A1 (en) * | 2007-05-04 | 2008-11-13 | Dermtech International | Diagnosis of melanoma by nucleic acid analysis |
CN102089444A (zh) * | 2008-05-14 | 2011-06-08 | 德玛泰克国际公司 | 利用核酸分析方法来诊断黑素瘤和太阳能雀斑 |
KR101109739B1 (ko) * | 2009-01-08 | 2012-04-12 | 사회복지법인 삼성생명공익재단 | 멜라닌 과다 생성 검출용 마커 및 이의 용도 |
FR2953220B1 (fr) * | 2009-12-01 | 2012-11-23 | Oreal | Signature microarn de la differenciation epidermique et utilisations |
-
2012
- 2012-04-20 ES ES12722443.4T patent/ES2624671T3/es active Active
- 2012-04-20 JP JP2014505704A patent/JP6181042B2/ja active Active
- 2012-04-20 EP EP12722443.4A patent/EP2699221B1/fr active Active
- 2012-04-20 CN CN201280030372.8A patent/CN103619318B/zh active Active
- 2012-04-20 US US14/111,802 patent/US20150307940A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2012-04-20 KR KR1020137031099A patent/KR102072783B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2012-04-20 WO PCT/FR2012/050860 patent/WO2012172220A1/fr active Application Filing
-
2017
- 2017-04-13 JP JP2017079650A patent/JP6836950B2/ja active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES2624671T3 (es) | 2017-07-17 |
CN103619318A (zh) | 2014-03-05 |
JP2017176180A (ja) | 2017-10-05 |
JP6836950B2 (ja) | 2021-03-03 |
KR20140043349A (ko) | 2014-04-09 |
US20150307940A1 (en) | 2015-10-29 |
EP2699221A1 (fr) | 2014-02-26 |
CN103619318B (zh) | 2018-06-05 |
JP2014516253A (ja) | 2014-07-10 |
WO2012172220A1 (fr) | 2012-12-20 |
KR102072783B1 (ko) | 2020-02-03 |
EP2699221B1 (fr) | 2017-02-08 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP6836950B2 (ja) | 細胞外マトリックスに関連した皮膚色素斑の分子シグネチャー | |
JP6223960B2 (ja) | 細胞外マトリックスの組織化に関連した皮膚色素斑の分子シグネチャー | |
Bastonini et al. | Skin pigmentation and pigmentary disorders: focus on epidermal/dermal cross-talk | |
Wang et al. | IL-17 and TNF synergistically modulate cytokine expression while suppressing melanogenesis: potential relevance to psoriasis | |
Malaisse et al. | Hyaluronan metabolism in human keratinocytes and atopic dermatitis skin is driven by a balance of hyaluronan synthases 1 and 3 | |
JP5830465B2 (ja) | 表皮分化マイクロrnaシグネチャーとその使用 | |
Freytag et al. | PAI-1 mediates the TGF-β1+ EGF-induced “scatter” response in transformed human keratinocytes | |
Peters et al. | p75 Neurotrophin receptor-mediated signaling promotes human hair follicle regression (Catagen) | |
JP2013503613A5 (ja) | ||
Kim et al. | Senescent fibroblast–derived GDF15 induces skin pigmentation | |
Hsu et al. | Nitric oxide produced by iNOS is associated with collagen synthesis in keloid scar formation | |
Pils et al. | Promises and challenges of senolytics in skin regeneration, pathology and ageing | |
Fantasia et al. | Differential levels of elastin fibers and TGF-β signaling in the skin of Caucasians and African Americans | |
Lowry | Its written all over your face: The molecular and physiological consequences of aging skin | |
Qiu et al. | SCF/c-kit signaling is required in 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced migration and differentiation of hair follicle melanocytes for epidermal pigmentation | |
Xu et al. | CD93 ameliorates Diabetic Wounds by promoting angiogenesis via the p38MAPK/MK2/HSP27 Axis | |
FR2974370A1 (fr) | Signature moleculaire des taches pigmentaires cutanees, associee a la voie de signalisation tgf-beta - smad | |
US10196607B2 (en) | Reconstituted nipple skin model | |
FR2974373A1 (fr) | Signature moleculaire des taches pigmentaires cutanees, associee a la matrice extracellulaire | |
FR2974372A1 (fr) | Signature moleculaire des taches pigmentaires cutanees, associee au remodelage de la matrice extracellulaire | |
FR2974371A1 (fr) | Signature moleculaire des taches pigmentaires cutanees, associee a la famille des proteoglycanes et glycoproteines extracellulaires | |
FR3135992A1 (fr) | Signature moléculaire du lentigo actinique associée à la gestion des vésicules | |
Sun et al. | Transient stimulation of TRPMLs enhance the functionality of hDPCs and facilitate hair growth in mice | |
Wei et al. | Palisading and Verocay body-prominent dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans: A case report | |
CO et al. | The 27th Annual Meeting of the Japanese Society for Pigment Cell Research |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20150327 |
|
A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20160308 |
|
A601 | Written request for extension of time |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A601 Effective date: 20160607 |
|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20160830 |
|
A02 | Decision of refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A02 Effective date: 20161213 |
|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20170413 |
|
A911 | Transfer to examiner for re-examination before appeal (zenchi) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A911 Effective date: 20170519 |
|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A821 Effective date: 20170516 |
|
TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20170704 |
|
A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20170719 |
|
R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Ref document number: 6181042 Country of ref document: JP Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |