JP6170932B2 - spr0096抗原およびspr2021抗原を含むキャリア分子 - Google Patents
spr0096抗原およびspr2021抗原を含むキャリア分子 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6170932B2 JP6170932B2 JP2014539463A JP2014539463A JP6170932B2 JP 6170932 B2 JP6170932 B2 JP 6170932B2 JP 2014539463 A JP2014539463 A JP 2014539463A JP 2014539463 A JP2014539463 A JP 2014539463A JP 6170932 B2 JP6170932 B2 JP 6170932B2
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- IFGCUJZIWBUILZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium 2-[[2-[[hydroxy-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxyphosphoryl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid Chemical compound [Na+].C=1NC2=CC=CC=C2C=1CC(C(O)=O)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NP(O)(=O)OC1OC(C)C(O)C(O)C1O IFGCUJZIWBUILZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001509 sodium citrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium citrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003381 solubilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 210000000952 spleen Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007920 subcutaneous administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003461 sulfonyl halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000829 suppository Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020357 syrup Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000006188 syrup Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940066771 systemic antihistamines piperazine derivative Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000009885 systemic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- DOMXUEMWDBAQBQ-WEVVVXLNSA-N terbinafine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(CN(C\C=C\C#CC(C)(C)C)C)=CC=CC2=C1 DOMXUEMWDBAQBQ-WEVVVXLNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002722 terbinafine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000037 tert-butyldiphenylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[Si]([H])([*]C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H])C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940118376 tetanus toxin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DZLFLBLQUQXARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrabutylammonium Chemical class CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC DZLFLBLQUQXARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940021747 therapeutic vaccine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019157 thiamine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- KYMBYSLLVAOCFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiamine Chemical compound CC1=C(CCO)SCN1CC1=CN=C(C)N=C1N KYMBYSLLVAOCFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003495 thiamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011721 thiamine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 description 1
- RYYWUUFWQRZTIU-UHFFFAOYSA-K thiophosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=S RYYWUUFWQRZTIU-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229940104230 thymidine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940113082 thymine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229960000984 tocofersolan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000014616 translation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003918 triazines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 229940055035 trichophyton verrucosum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GLFDLEXFOHUASB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(tetradecyl)azanium Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C GLFDLEXFOHUASB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002221 trityl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1C([*])(C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1[H])[H])[H])[H])[H])C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 201000008297 typhoid fever Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000005199 ultracentrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940035893 uracil Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003672 ureas Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002255 vaccination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003612 virological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/195—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from bacteria
- C07K14/315—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from bacteria from Streptococcus (G), e.g. Enterococci
- C07K14/3156—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from bacteria from Streptococcus (G), e.g. Enterococci from Streptococcus pneumoniae (Pneumococcus)
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- A61K47/64—Drug-peptide, drug-protein or drug-polyamino acid conjugates, i.e. the modifying agent being a peptide, protein or polyamino acid which is covalently bonded or complexed to a therapeutically active agent
- A61K47/646—Drug-peptide, drug-protein or drug-polyamino acid conjugates, i.e. the modifying agent being a peptide, protein or polyamino acid which is covalently bonded or complexed to a therapeutically active agent the entire peptide or protein drug conjugate elicits an immune response, e.g. conjugate vaccines
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Description
本発明は、抗原およびキャリア分子の結合体、ならびにこれらの結合体を含むワクチンに関する。抗原は、典型的には糖である。
糖抗原の免疫原性を増進するための、キャリアタンパク質への結合体化の使用は周知であり[例えば、参考文献1〜9などにおいて総説されている]、特に、小児科ワクチンに用いられている[10]。今日のワクチンにおいて広く用いられている3つのキャリアタンパク質は、破傷風トキソイド(TT)、ジフテリアトキソイド(DT)、およびジフテリアトキソイド改変体のCRM197である。これらのタンパク質は、多様な糖、特に、髄膜炎菌莢膜糖のためのキャリアとして用いられている(例えば、参考文献11における、N.meningitidisの血清群A、C、W135、およびYに由来する糖のためのキャリアとしてのTTの使用;ならびに参考文献12および13のそれぞれにおける、同じ糖のためのキャリアとしてのDTおよびCRM197を参照されたい)。ワクチンにおけるこれらのキャリアタンパク質の過剰使用については、憂慮がなされており[例えば、参考文献14を参照されたい]、多様な代替的なキャリアが示唆されている(例えば、参考文献15におけるH.influenzaeに由来するプロテインD)。しかし、多くの代替的なキャリアタンパク質は、TT、DT、および/またはCRM197ほど有効ではない。したがって、代替的なキャリアタンパク質および/またはより良好なキャリアタンパク質を見出すことが依然として必要とされている。
例えば、本発明は、以下の項目を提供する:
(項目1)
抗原およびキャリア分子を含む結合体であって、上記キャリア分子がspr0096抗原およびspr2021抗原を含む、結合体。
(項目2)
上記spr0096抗原が、配列番号1または配列番号2に対して50%またはそれを超える同一性を有するアミノ酸配列を含む、項目1に記載の結合体。
(項目3)
上記spr2021抗原が、配列番号3に対して50%またはそれを超える同一性を有するアミノ酸配列を含む、項目1または項目2に記載の結合体。
(項目4)
上記キャリア分子が、上記spr0096抗原および上記spr2021抗原を単一のポリペプチド鎖として含む、上記項目のいずれかに記載の結合体。
(項目5)
上記ポリペプチド鎖が、式NH 2 −A−{−X−L−} n −B−COOHのポリペプチド鎖であり、式中、Aは、任意選択のN末端アミノ酸配列であり、Bは、任意選択のC末端アミノ酸配列であり、nは、2またはそれより大きい(例えば、2、3、4、5、6など)整数であり、各Xは、spr0096抗原またはspr2021抗原のアミノ酸配列であり、ここで、少なくとも1つのXは、spr0096抗原であり、少なくとも1つのXは、spr2021抗原であり、Lは、任意選択のリンカーのアミノ酸配列である、項目4に記載の結合体。
(項目6)
nが2である、項目5に記載の結合体。
(項目7)
X 1 がspr0096抗原であり、X 2 がspr2021抗原である、項目6に記載の結合体。
(項目8)
上記ポリペプチド鎖が、配列番号9に対して50%またはそれを超える(例えば、60%、65%、70%、75%、80%、85%、90%、91%、92%、93%、94%、95%、96%、97%、98%、99%、99.5%または99.5%超)同一性を有するアミノ酸配列、特に、配列番号9のアミノ酸配列を含む、項目7に記載の結合体。
(項目9)
上記抗原が糖である、上記項目のいずれかに記載の結合体。
(項目10)
上記糖が、N.meningitidisに由来する莢膜糖、S.pneumoniaeに由来するグルカンまたは莢膜糖である、項目9に記載の結合体。
(項目11)
上記糖が、N.meningitidisの血清群A、C、W135、またはYに由来する莢膜糖である、項目10に記載の結合体。
(項目12)
上記抗原がハプテンである、項目1から8のいずれかに記載の結合体。
(項目13)
上記ハプテンが、アヘン剤、マリファナ、アンフェタミン、コカイン、バルビツレート、グルテチミド、メチプリロン、抱水クロラール、メタクワロン、ベンゾジアゼピン、LSD、ニコチン、抗コリン作用薬、抗精神病薬、トリプタミン、他の精神作用薬、鎮静剤、フェンシクリジン、プシロシビン、揮発性亜硝酸塩、ならびに物理的依存および/または精神的依存を誘導する他の薬物である、項目12に記載の結合体。
(項目14)
医薬における使用のための、上記項目のいずれかに記載の結合体。
(項目15)
上記項目のいずれかに記載の結合体を、薬学的に許容されるキャリアと組み合わせて含む医薬組成物。
(項目16)
血清群A、C、W135、およびYに由来する糖を含む結合体の混合物を含む、項目15に記載の医薬組成物。
(項目17)
血清群A、C、W135、およびYに由来する糖を含む上記結合体が、各糖について別個の結合体である、項目16に記載の医薬組成物。
(項目18)
血清群A、C、W135、およびYに由来する糖を含む上記結合体が、同じキャリアに基づく、項目17に記載の医薬組成物。
(項目19)
上記同じキャリアが、項目1から8のいずれかに記載のキャリア分子である、項目18に記載の医薬組成物。
(項目20)
哺乳動物において免疫応答をもたらすための方法であって、項目1から14のいずれかに記載の結合体または項目15から19のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物を、上記哺乳動物へと投与するステップを含む、方法。
キャリア分子は、spr0096抗原およびspr2021抗原を含む。キャリア分子は、spr0096抗原およびspr2021抗原を、単一のポリペプチド鎖(「ハイブリッド」ポリペプチド)として含むことが典型的である。
参考文献16では、元の「spr0096」ポリペプチド配列が、「仮説的タンパク質」(GI:15902140を参照されたい)として注記された。本明細書では、言及を目的として、R6株において見出される全長spr0096のアミノ酸配列を、配列番号1として示す。
参考文献16では、元の「spr2021」ポリペプチド配列が、一般ストレスタンパク質(General stress protein)「GSP−781」(GI:15904062を参照されたい)として注記された。本明細書では、言及を目的として、R6株において見出される全長spr2021のアミノ酸配列を、配列番号3として示す。
spr0096抗原およびspr2021抗原は、単一のポリペプチド鎖(「ハイブリッド」ポリペプチド)として発現させることが典型的である。ハイブリッドポリペプチドは、式NH2−A−{−X−L−}n−B−COOH[式中、Aは、任意選択のN末端アミノ酸配列であり、Bは、任意選択のC末端アミノ酸配列であり、nは、2以上(例えば、2、3、4、5、6など)の整数であり、各Xは、spr0096抗原またはspr2021抗原のアミノ酸配列であり(上記の通り)、ここで、少なくとも1つのXは、spr0096抗原であり、少なくとも1つのXは、spr2021抗原であり、Lは、任意選択のリンカーのアミノ酸配列である]で表すことができる。通例、nは2である。nが2である場合、X1は通例、spr0096抗原であり、X2は通例、spr2021抗原である。nが2を超える場合、各spr0096抗原(複数のspr0096抗原が存在する場合)は、同じ場合もあり、異なる場合もあり、各spr2021抗原(複数のspr2021抗原が存在する場合)は、同じ場合もあり、異なる場合もある。
本発明はまた、非天然アミノ酸を組み込むように修飾されたキャリア分子も含む。非天然アミノ酸を用いて、キャリア分子を別の分子へと結合体化することができる。
抗原は、糖であることが典型的である。抗原が糖である場合、糖は、任意の糖であってよく、特に、病原性生物に由来する糖でありうる。本発明において用いられる例示的な糖については、下記で記載する。特に、糖は、細菌性糖、例えば、細菌性莢膜糖でありうる。代表的な細菌性糖を、図1に記載する。
糖は、細菌性莢膜糖でありうる。例示的な細菌性莢膜糖には、N.meningitidisに由来する細菌性莢膜糖が含まれる。N.meningitidisの莢膜多糖に基づき、A、B、C、H、I、K、L、29E、W135、X、Y、およびZを含め、N.meningitidisの多様な血清群が同定されている。本発明における糖は、これらの血清群のうちのいずれかに由来しうる。糖は、以下の髄膜炎菌血清群:A、C、W135、およびYのうちの1つに由来することが典型的である。
莢膜多糖を髄膜炎菌から調製するための技法は多年にわたり公知であり、多糖の沈殿ステップ(例えば、カチオン性洗浄剤を用いる)、エタノールによる画分化ステップ、低温フェノールによる抽出ステップ(タンパク質を除去するための)、および超遠心分離ステップ(LPSを除去するための)[例えば、参考文献58を参照されたい]を含むプロセスを伴うことが典型的である。
本発明の結合体は、血清群Aの莢膜糖抗原を含み得る。糖は、構造的に異なる(血清群C、W135、およびYの莢膜が、シアル酸(N−アセチル−ノイラミン酸;NeuAc)に基づくのに対し、血清群Aの莢膜は、シアル酸の天然の前駆体であるN−アセチル−マンノースアミンに基づく)が、血清群C、W135、およびYの場合と同じ様式で精製および結合体化することができる(上記を参照されたい)。血清群Aの糖は特に加水分解を受けやすく、水性媒体中のその不安定性は、(a)液体ワクチンの血清群Aに対する免疫原性が時間と共に減衰すること、および(b)糖の加水分解産物のワクチンへの放出に起因して、品質管理がより困難であることを意味する。
nは、1〜100の整数(特に、5〜25の整数、通例、15〜25の整数)であり、
Tは、式(A)または(B):
各Z基は、OHまたは上記で規定したブロック基から独立に選択され、
各Q基は、OHまたは上記で規定したブロック基から独立に選択され、
Yは、OHまたは上記で規定したブロック基から選択され、
Eは、Hまたは窒素保護基であり、
Q基のうちの約7%超(例えば、8%、9%、10%以上)は、ブロック基である。いくつかの実施形態では、式(A)中の炭素1に付いたヒドロキシル基が、上記で規定したブロック基で置きかえられている。いくつかの実施形態では、式(B)のEが、本発明のリンカーまたはキャリア分子である。Eがリンカーである場合は、リンカーを、本発明のキャリア分子へと共有結合的に結合させることができる。
糖は、グルカンでありうる。グルカンとは、とりわけ真菌細胞壁内で見出されるグルコース含有多糖である。α−グルカンが、グルコースサブユニット間の1または複数のα連結を包含するのに対し、β−グルカンは、グルコースサブユニット間の1または複数のβ連結を包含する。本発明に従い用いられるグルカンは、β連結を包含し、β連結のみを含有しうる(すなわち、α連結は含有しない)。
上記で論じた通り、糖はまた、細菌性莢膜糖でもありうる。さらなる例示的な細菌性莢膜糖には、S.pneumoniaeに由来する細菌性莢膜糖が含まれる。しかし、いくつかの実施形態では、糖が、S.pneumoniaeに由来する莢膜糖ではない。
S.agalactiaeの莢膜糖
さらなる例示的な細菌性莢膜糖には、Streptococcus agalactiae(「GBS」)に由来する細菌性莢膜糖が含まれる。莢膜糖は、GBSのペプチドグリカン骨格へと共有結合的に連結されており、ペプチドグリカン骨格に付いた別の糖であるB群抗原とは異なる。
β−D−GlcpNAc(1→3)β−D−Galp(1→4)β−D−Glcp
を共有する。
さらなる例示的な細菌性莢膜糖には、S.aureusに由来する細菌性莢膜糖、特に、S.aureusの5型莢膜多糖および8型莢膜多糖が含まれる。5型莢膜多糖および8型莢膜多糖の構造は、参考文献103および104において、
5型
→4)−β−D−ManNAcA(3OAc)−(1→4)−α−L−FucNAc(1→3)−β−D−FucNAc−(1→
8型
→3)−β−D−ManNAcA(4OAc)−(1→3)−α−L−FucNAc(1→3)−β−D−FucNAc−(1→
として記載された。
5型
→4)−β−D−ManNAcA−(1→4)−α−L−FucNAc(3OAc)−(1→3)−β−D−FucNAc−(1→
8型
→3)−β−D−ManNAcA(4OAc)−(1→3)−α−L−FucNAc(1→3)−α−D−FucNAc(1→
をもたらした。
さらなる例示的な細菌性莢膜糖には、b型Haemophilus influenzae、Salmonella enterica Typhi Vi、およびClostridium difficileに由来する細菌性莢膜糖が含まれる。
本発明はまた、細菌性非莢膜糖も用いることができる。例示的な細菌性非莢膜糖は、S.pyogenesのGAS炭水化物(また、GAS細胞壁多糖またはGASPとしても公知)である。この糖は、交互のアルファ−(1→2)連結およびアルファ−(1→3)連結からなる、L−ラムノピラノース(Rhap)骨格と、交互のラムノース環にベータ−(1→3)結合したD−N−アセチルグルコサミン(GlcpNAc)残基とを伴う分枝状構造を特色とする([115])。
本発明は、抗原およびキャリア分子を含む結合体であって、キャリア分子がspr0096抗原およびspr2021抗原を含む結合体を包含する。
1または複数の非天然アミノ酸残基をキャリア分子へと組み込む場合は、標準的な手順を用いて実施することができる。このような方法の1つは、特定のコドンのためのアミノアシルtRNAシンセターゼが、tRNAを非天然アミノ酸へと結合体化するように操作され、次いで、翻訳時にキャリア内に組み込まれる、改変宿主細胞の使用を含む[このような技法の総説については、参考文献140を参照されたい]。代替的に、いくつかの手順は、天然の同族アミノ酸が存在しない場合、いくつかの非天然アミノ酸が、天然の細胞機構によりタンパク質へと組み込まれるという事実を利用する。この第2の種類の手順の例は、HAGの組込みにおいて観察される。ここで、いくつかの細胞において、細胞のメチオニンが低量であるかまたは細胞にメチオニンが存在しない場合、天然の細胞機構は、タンパク質合成の開始ステップおよび伸長ステップにおいて、メチオニンに代えてHAGを組み込む。タンパク質を発現させるために用いられる多くの宿主細胞は、メチオニンについて原栄養性である、すなわち、細胞は、このアミノ酸を新規に合成しうる。したがって、メチオニン栄養素要求株である細胞を用いることにより、メチオニンレベルを、メチオニンに代えてHAGがタンパク質へと組み込まれるような低レベルまで低下させることが可能である。メチオニン要求性宿主細胞の例には、E.coli株B834(DE3)(Merck)およびT7 Express Crystal(NEB)が含まれるが、当業者には他の適する株もすぐに明らかであろう。
本発明の結合体は、さらなる抗原と混合することができる。これらのさらなる抗原は、本発明の他の結合体であってよく、これらは他の抗原であってよい。
・Streptococcus pneumoniaeに由来する糖抗原[例えば、参考文献174〜176;参考文献183の22章および23章]。
・不活化ウイルスなど、A型肝炎ウイルスに由来する抗原[例えば、177、178;参考文献183の15章]。
・表面抗原および/またはコア抗原など、B型肝炎ウイルスに由来する抗原[例えば、178、179;参考文献183の16章]。
・C型肝炎ウイルスに由来する抗原[例えば、180]。
・所望により、また、ペルタクチンおよび/または凝集原2および3とも組み合わせた、B.pertussisに由来する百日咳ホロトキシン(PT)および線維状ヘマグルチニン(FHA)など、Bordetella pertussisに由来する抗原[例えば、参考文献181および182;参考文献183の21章]。
・ジフテリアトキソイドなどのジフテリア抗原[例えば、参考文献183の13章]。
・破傷風トキソイドなどの破傷風抗原[例えば、参考文献183の27章]。
・B型Haemophilus influenzaeに由来する糖抗原[例えば、参考文献183の14章]
・N.gonorrhoeaeに由来する抗原[例えば、164〜167]
・Chlamydia pneumoniaeに由来する抗原[例えば、184、185、186、187、188、189、190]。
・Chlamydia trachomatisに由来する抗原[例えば、191]。
・Porphyromonas gingivalisに由来する抗原[例えば、192]。
・IPVなど、ポリオ抗原(複数可)[例えば、193、194;参考文献183の24章]。
・凍結乾燥させた不活化ウイルス[例えば、196、RabAvert(商標)]など、狂犬病抗原(複数可)[例えば、195]。
・麻疹抗原、ムンプス抗原、および/または風疹抗原[例えば、参考文献183の19章、20章、および26章]。
・ヘマグルチニン表面タンパク質および/またはノイラミニダーゼ表面タンパク質など、インフルエンザ抗原(複数可)[例えば、参考文献183の17章および18章]。
・Moraxella catarrhalisに由来する抗原[例えば、197]。
・Streptococcus pyogenes(A群streptococcus属)に由来する抗原[例えば、198、199、200]。
・Streptococcus agalactiae(B群streptococcus属)に由来する抗原[例えば、160、201〜203]。
・S.epidermidisに由来する抗原[例えば、参考文献204、205、および206において記載されている、株ATCC−31432、SE−360、およびSE−10から取得可能なI型、II型、および/またはIII型莢膜多糖]。
本発明は、(a)本発明の結合体と、(b)薬学的に許容されるキャリアとを含む医薬組成物を提供する。このようなキャリアについての完全な議論は、参考文献216において参照可能である。
・α−グリコシルセラミド[239〜246](例えばα−ガラクトシルセラミド)、フィトスフィンゴシン含有α−グリコシルセラミド、OCH、KRN7000[(2S,3S,4R)−1−O−(α−D−ガラクトピラノシル)−2−(N−ヘキサコサノイルアミノ)−1,3,4−オクタデカントリオール]、CRONY−101、3’’−O−スルホ−ガラクトシルセラミドなどのCD1dリガンド。
・OM−174など、Escherichia coliに由来する脂質Aの誘導体(参考文献295および296において記載される)。
・スクアレン、Tween 80、およびSpan 85のサブミクロンエマルジョン。エマルジョンの容量による組成は、約5%のスクアレン、約0.5%のポリソルベート80、および約0.5%のSpan 85でありうる。重量では、これらの比が、4.3%のスクアレン、0.5%のポリソルベート80、および0.48%のSpan 85となる。このアジュバントは、参考文献302の10章および参考文献303の12章においてより詳細に記載される通り、「MF59」として公知である[299〜301]。MF59エマルジョンは、クエン酸イオン、例えば10mMのクエン酸ナトリウム緩衝液を包含すると有利である。
本発明はまた、例えば、哺乳動物において抗体応答をもたらすのに用いられる医薬における使用のための本発明の結合体も提供する。
使用および方法は、N.meningitidisにより引き起こされる疾患、例えば、髄膜炎、敗血症などの予防および/または処置のための使用および方法でありうる。
グルカン(そして特にβ−グルカン)は、ほぼ全ての病原性真菌、特に免疫無防備状態の被験体における感染に関与する病原性真菌の不可欠であり、かつ、主要な多糖構成成分であり、また細菌病原体および原生生物においても存在するため、抗グルカン免疫は、広範にわたる病原体および疾患に対して有効でありうる。例えば、S.cerevisiaeによる免疫化後にもたらされる抗グルカン血清は、C.albicansと交差反応性である。これらのヒトに対して感染性である真菌性作用因子に対して化学療法は不十分であり、抗真菌薬耐性が出現して予防用ワクチンおよび治療用ワクチンに対する必要性がますます認識されているため、スペクトルの広い免疫が特に有用である。
本使用および本方法は、肺炎球菌により引き起こされる疾患、例えば、髄膜炎、敗血症、肺炎などを予防および/または処置するための使用および方法でありうる。
本発明の実施では、別段に示されない限り、当技術分野の範囲内にある、化学、生化学、分子生物学、免疫学、および薬理学の従来の方法を使用する。このような技法は、文献において完全に説明されている。例えば、参考文献216および310〜316などを参照されたい。
以下で記載する通りに、血清型5に由来する肺炎球菌莢膜糖であるラミナリン、ならびに血清群A、C、W135、およびYに由来する髄膜炎菌莢膜オリゴ糖を、多様で公知の被験キャリアタンパク質へと結合体化し、精製した。
Lam−96/2021結合体の免疫原性を、肺炎球菌タンパク質抗原に由来する他のキャリアタンパク質へと結合体化されたラミナリンと比較した。略述すると、1、14、および28日目に、ミョウバンアジュバントを伴うかまたは伴わない糖結合体(糖用量5μg)を、Balb/Cマウスへと皮下投与した。42日目にマウスから採血し、ELISAにより、特異的抗ラミナリン抗体を測定した(結合体化されていないラミナリンでコーティングしたプレートを用いて[321])。
MenA−96/2021、C−96/2021、W−96/2021、およびY−96/2021、ならびに5型肺炎球菌−96/2021結合体の免疫原性を、ラミナリン結合体と同じスケジュールを用いて調べ、CRM197に基づく参照結合体と比較した。Balb/Cマウスを、1用量当たり2μgのMenA糖、1μgのMenC糖、1μgのMenW糖、および1μgのMenY糖で免疫化した。ELISAアッセイ(結合体化されていない天然多糖でコーティングしたプレートを用いる)により、特異的抗多糖抗体を決定した。
肺炎球菌血清型5感染に対する防御的免疫のマウスモデルにおいて、5型肺炎球菌−96/2021結合体を、5型肺炎球菌−CRM197参照結合体と比較した。この実験では、0、14、および28日目において、マウス10匹の群を、異なる免疫原(アジュバントとしてミョウバンを伴うかまたは伴わない)で腹腔内免疫化した。PBS単独およびPBS/ミョウバンのそれぞれで免疫化された2つのマウス群を、陰性対照として用いた。最終回の免疫化の2週間後、全ての群を、致死量の5型肺炎球菌株(STREP−5)で腹腔内感染させた。防御の有効性は、菌血症の低減および死亡率の尺度を用いて評価した。感染の24時間後、免疫化された群の各々において菌血症レベルを評価し、対照群の菌血症レベルと比較した。死亡率は、感染後10日間にわたり追跡した。
a)CRM197または96/2021へと結合体化されたMenAオリゴ糖;b)ミョウバンを伴うかまたは伴わない、MenA−96/2021結合体、MenC−96/2021結合体、MenW−96/2021結合体、およびMenY−96/2021結合体の組合せを投与されたマウスから、2回目の免疫化後における血清をプールした。これらのプールを、ELISAにより、抗血清群A抗体の力価について調べた。莢膜多糖に対して誘発された抗体の機能性は、ウサギ補体(rSBA)を用いる血清殺菌アッセイにより評価した。
a)CRM197または96/2021へと結合体化されたMenCオリゴ糖;b)ミョウバンを伴うかまたは伴わない、MenA−96/2021結合体、MenC−96/2021結合体、MenW−96/2021結合体、およびMenY−96/2021結合体の組合せを投与されたマウスから、2回目の免疫化後における血清をプールした。これらのプールを、ELISAにより、抗血清群C抗体の力価について調べた。莢膜多糖に対して誘発された抗体の機能性を、ウサギ補体(rSBA)を用いる血清殺菌アッセイにより評価した。
a)CRM197または96/2021へと結合体化されたMenWオリゴ糖;b)ミョウバンを伴うかまたは伴わない、MenA−96/2021結合体、MenC−96/2021結合体、MenW−96/2021結合体、およびMenY−96/2021結合体の組合せを投与されたマウスから、2回目の免疫化後における血清をプールした。これらのプールを、ELISAにより、抗血清群W抗体の力価について調べた。
a)CRM197または96/2021へと結合体化されたMenYオリゴ糖;b)ミョウバンを伴うかまたは伴わない、MenA−96/2021結合体、MenC−96/2021結合体、MenW−96/2021結合体、およびMenY−96/2021結合体の組合せを投与されたマウスから、2回目の免疫化後における血清をプールした。これらのプールを、ELISAにより、抗血清群Y抗体の力価について調べた。
CRM197、96/2021、またはspr1416へと結合体化されたMenCオリゴ糖に対するT細胞の応答を比較した。この実験では、0、14、および28日目において、CD1マウス8匹の群を、異なる免疫原(ミョウバンを伴わない1μgの糖用量)で皮下免疫化した。PBS単独および結合体化されていないMenCオリゴ糖(1μgの糖用量)のそれぞれで免疫化された2つのマウス群を陰性対照として用いた。最終回の免疫化の21日間後、各マウスに由来する血清を、ELISAにより、抗多糖抗体について調べた。in vitroにおける抗原特異的再刺激後に、細胞内染色多色FACSによりT細胞のサイトカインプロファイルを解析するために、各群3匹ずつのマウスから脾臓を単離した。
標準的な手順を用いて、配列番号9の96/2021ハイブリッドをコードする核酸(ベクターpET21+またはベクターpET24+(Merck)内)で、メチオニン要求性のE.coli株であるB834(DE3)(Merck)およびT7 Express Crystal(NEB)のコンピテント細胞を形質転換した。
メチオニンを伴わないAB4:
2倍濃度のAB4base:1g/Lのアラニン、0.858g/Lのアルギニン、0.65g/Lのアスパラギン、0.656g/Lのアスパラギン酸、0.202g/Lのシステイン、0.806g/Lのグルタミン、0.812g/Lのグルタミン酸、1.036g/Lのグリシン、0.26g/Lのヒスチジン、0.594g/Lのイソロイシン、1.176g/Lのロイシン、0.806g/Lのリシン、0.554g/Lのフェニルアラニン、0.476g/Lのプロリン、4.108g/Lのセリン、0.622g/Lのトレオニン、0.222g/Lのトリプトファン、0.5g/Lのチロシン、0.83g/Lのバリン、1g/Lのアデニン、0.858g/Lのグアノシン、0.65g/Lのチミン、0.656g/Lのウラシル、1000mlの水。
溶液I:200g/Lのグルコース、4.9g/LのMgSO4.7H2O、0.28g/LのCaCl2.2H2O、1000mlの水。
一般的なアッセイプロトコール:下記に記載するスケジュールに従い、皮下注射によりBalb/cマウスを免疫化した。注射容量は200μlであり、注射は、ミョウバンリン酸アジュバントを含有した。
Claims (10)
- 抗原およびキャリア分子を含む結合体を含む、前記抗原に対する免疫応答を誘発するための組成物であって、前記キャリア分子がspr0096抗原およびspr2021抗原を単一のポリペプチド鎖として含み、前記ポリペプチド鎖が、配列番号9のアミノ酸配列に対して90%またはそれを超える同一性を有するアミノ酸配列を含む、組成物。
- 前記抗原が糖である、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記糖が、N.meningitidisに由来する莢膜糖、S.pneumoniaeに由来するグルカンまたは莢膜糖である、請求項2に記載の組成物。
- 前記糖が、N.meningitidisの血清群A、C、W135、またはYに由来する莢膜糖である、請求項3に記載の組成物。
- 請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の組成物を、薬学的に許容されるキャリアと組み合わせて含む医薬組成物。
- 血清群A、C、W135、およびYに由来する糖を含む結合体の混合物を含む、請求項5に記載の医薬組成物。
- 血清群A、C、W135、およびYに由来する糖を含む前記結合体が、各糖について別個の結合体である、請求項6に記載の医薬組成物。
- 血清群A、C、W135、およびYに由来する糖を含む前記結合体が、同じキャリアに基づく、請求項7に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記同じキャリアが、請求項1に記載のキャリア分子である、請求項8に記載の医薬組成物。
- 哺乳動物において免疫応答をもたらすための組成物であって、請求項1から4のいずれかに記載の組成物または請求項5から9のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物を含む、組成物。
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AU2005235080A1 (en) | 2004-03-31 | 2005-11-03 | New York University | Novel synthetic C-glycolipids, their synthesis and use to treat infections, cancer and autoimmune diseases |
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GB0502096D0 (en) | 2005-02-01 | 2005-03-09 | Chiron Srl | Purification of streptococcal capsular polysaccharide |
PT2351578T (pt) | 2005-06-27 | 2017-04-07 | Glaxosmithkline Biologicals Sa | Processo para o fabrico de vacinas |
EP1923069A1 (en) | 2006-11-20 | 2008-05-21 | Intercell AG | Peptides protective against S. pneumoniae and compositions, methods and uses relating thereto |
GB0700562D0 (en) | 2007-01-11 | 2007-02-21 | Novartis Vaccines & Diagnostic | Modified Saccharides |
CN100462102C (zh) * | 2007-02-07 | 2009-02-18 | 重庆智仁生物技术有限公司 | 脑膜炎球菌多价联合疫苗 |
GB0714963D0 (en) * | 2007-08-01 | 2007-09-12 | Novartis Ag | Compositions comprising antigens |
GB0818453D0 (en) | 2008-10-08 | 2008-11-12 | Novartis Ag | Fermentation processes for cultivating streptococci and purification processes for obtaining cps therefrom |
US20120237536A1 (en) * | 2009-09-10 | 2012-09-20 | Novartis | Combination vaccines against respiratory tract diseases |
EP2519265B1 (en) * | 2009-12-30 | 2018-11-14 | GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals SA | Polysaccharide immunogens conjugated to e. coli carrier proteins |
-
2012
- 2012-11-07 CA CA2854934A patent/CA2854934A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2012-11-07 CN CN201280066357.9A patent/CN104080479B/zh active Active
- 2012-11-07 RU RU2014123021A patent/RU2636350C2/ru active
- 2012-11-07 EP EP12788647.1A patent/EP2776069A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2012-11-07 JP JP2014539463A patent/JP6170932B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-11-07 WO PCT/IB2012/056240 patent/WO2013068949A1/en active Application Filing
- 2012-11-07 MX MX2014005372A patent/MX354924B/es active IP Right Grant
- 2012-11-07 AU AU2012335208A patent/AU2012335208B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2012-11-07 US US13/670,727 patent/US9493517B2/en active Active
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MX354924B (es) | 2018-03-22 |
MX2014005372A (es) | 2014-07-30 |
US9493517B2 (en) | 2016-11-15 |
RU2636350C2 (ru) | 2017-11-22 |
AU2012335208B2 (en) | 2017-08-31 |
JP2015501329A (ja) | 2015-01-15 |
AU2012335208A1 (en) | 2014-05-22 |
CN104080479A (zh) | 2014-10-01 |
EP2776069A1 (en) | 2014-09-17 |
RU2014123021A (ru) | 2015-12-20 |
CA2854934A1 (en) | 2013-05-16 |
CN104080479B (zh) | 2019-11-05 |
US20130189300A1 (en) | 2013-07-25 |
WO2013068949A1 (en) | 2013-05-16 |
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