JP5588874B2 - アジュバント添加されたグルカン - Google Patents
アジュバント添加されたグルカン Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP5588874B2 JP5588874B2 JP2010534565A JP2010534565A JP5588874B2 JP 5588874 B2 JP5588874 B2 JP 5588874B2 JP 2010534565 A JP2010534565 A JP 2010534565A JP 2010534565 A JP2010534565 A JP 2010534565A JP 5588874 B2 JP5588874 B2 JP 5588874B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- glucan
- adjuvant
- laminarin
- composition
- conjugate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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Description
本発明はワクチンに関し、より詳しくは、真菌による感染症および疾患に対するワクチンに関する。
β−グルカンの抗真菌ワクチンとしての使用は、参考文献1(非特許文献1)に概説されている。
本発明は、(a)β−1,3−結合および/またはβ−1,6−結合を含むグルカン;ならびに(b)アジュバント(ただし、成分(b)は完全フロイントアジュバントではなく、コレラ毒素でもない)を含む免疫原性組成物に関する。グルカンは単一の分子種であり得る。一実施形態において、グルカンを担体タンパク質に結合体化させる。特定の実施形態では、グルカンを担体タンパク質に直接結合体化させる。別の特定の実施形態では、グルカンを担体タンパク質にリンカーによって結合体化させる。
したがって、本発明は、以下の項目を提供する:
(項目1)
(a)β−1,3−結合および/またはβ−1,6−結合を含むグルカン;ならびに(b)アジュバントを含む免疫原性組成物であって、ただし、成分(b)は完全フロイントアジュバントではなく、コレラ毒素でもない、免疫原性組成物。
(項目2)
上記グルカンが単一の分子種である、項目1に記載の組成物。
(項目3)
β−1,3−結合および/またはβ−1,6−結合を含むグルカンを含む免疫原性組成物であって、該グルカンが単一の分子種であり、かつ担体タンパク質に結合体化されている、免疫原性組成物。
(項目4)
さらにアジュバントを含む、項目3に記載の組成物。
(項目5)
上記グルカンが担体タンパク質に結合体化されている、項目1または2に記載の組成物。
(項目6)
上記グルカンが上記担体タンパク質に直接結合体化されている、項目3〜5のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
(項目7)
上記グルカンが上記担体タンパク質にリンカーによって結合体化されている、項目3〜5のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
(項目8)
上記担体タンパク質が、細菌毒素もしくはトキソイド、またはその変異体である、項目3〜7のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
(項目9)
上記担体タンパク質がCRM197である、項目8に記載の組成物。
(項目10)
上記グルカンが、100kDa未満(例えば、80、70、60、50、40、30、25、20または15kDa未満)の分子量を有する、項目1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
(項目11)
上記グルカンが、60個以下のグルコース単糖単位を有する、項目1〜10のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
(項目12)
上記グルカンが、一部β−1,6分枝を有するβ−1,3グルカンである、項目1〜11のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
(項目13)
上記グルカンがラミナリンである、項目12に記載の組成物。
(項目14)
上記グルカンのβ−1,3−結合グルコース残基およびβ−1,6−結合グルコース残基において、β−1,6−結合残基に対するβ−1,3結合グルコース残基の比が少なくとも8:1である、ならびに/またはβ−1,3結合のみによって他の残基に連結された少なくとも5つの隣接する非末端残基の配列が1つ以上存在する、項目1〜13のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
(項目15)
上記グルカンがβ−1,3−結合グルコース残基とβ−1,6−結合グルコース残基との両方を含み、β−1,6−結合残基に対するβ−1,3結合グルコース残基の比が少なくとも8:1である、項目13に記載の組成物。
(項目16)
上記グルカンが排他的にβ−1,3結合を有する、項目1〜15のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
(項目17)
上記グルカンがカードランである、項目14〜16いずれか1項に記載の組成物。
(項目18)
薬学的に許容され得る担体を含む、項目1〜17のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
(項目19)
上記アジュバントが、水酸化アルミニウムなどのアルミニウム塩;水中油型乳剤;免疫刺激性オリゴヌクレオチド;および/またはα−グリコシルセラミドの1種類以上を含む、項目1〜18のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
(項目20)
上記アジュバントが、免疫刺激性オリゴヌクレオチドおよびポリカチオンオリゴペプチドを含む、項目19に記載の組成物。
(項目21)
哺乳動物に項目1〜20のいずれか1項に記載の組成物を投与することを含む、哺乳動物の免疫応答を惹起するための方法。
(項目22)
フロロタンニンをグルカンから分離し、水中1mg/mlで、270nmにおいて0.17未満のUV吸光度を有するグルカンを得る工程を含む、グルカンの精製プロセス。
(項目23)
上記フロロタンニンが上記グルカンからデプスフィルタを用いた濾過によって分離される、項目22に記載のプロセス。
(項目24)
上記グルカンの上記フロロタンニン夾雑物を測定する後続の工程をさらに含む、項目22または23に記載のプロセス。
(項目25)
水中1mg/mlで、270nmにおいて0.17未満のUV吸光度を有するグルカン。
(項目26)
項目22〜24いずれか1項に記載のプロセスによって取得された、または取得可能なグルカン。
(項目27)
結合体化工程が、>10mMのリン酸塩を含むリン酸緩衝液中で行なわれる、担体タンパク質に結合体化されたグルカンの作製方法。
(項目28)
上記結合体化工程が、90〜110mMのリン酸塩を含むリン酸緩衝液中で行なわれる、項目27に記載の方法。
(項目29)
上記結合体化工程前に上記グルカンをリンカーに結合させる、項目28に記載の方法。
(項目30)
上記リンカーの遊離端がエステル基を含む、項目29に記載の方法。
(項目31)
項目27〜30いずれか1項に記載の方法によって得られる結合体。
本発明によれば、β−1,3−結合および/またはβ−1,6−結合を含むグルカンが、1種類以上のアジュバントと組み合わせて投与される。アジュバントの使用により、アジュバントがない場合よりも強力な免疫応答がもたらされることが示された。グルカンは、好ましくは結合体の形態で使用される。アジュバントは、好ましくは、水酸化アルミニウムなどのアルミニウム塩;水中油型乳剤;免疫刺激性オリゴヌクレオチド;および/またはα−グリコシルセラミドの1種類以上を含むものである。
グルカンは、とりわけ真菌の細胞壁に見られるグルコース含有多糖類である。α−グルカンは、グルコースサブユニット間に1つ以上のα−結合を含むものであり、β−グルカンは、グルコースサブユニット間に1つ以上のβ−結合を含むものである。本発明に従って使用されるグルカンはβ結合を含むものであり、β結合のみを含むもの(すなわち、α結合を含まない)であってもよい。
を有するグルカンが、本発明における使用に具体的に想定される。
純粋なβ−グルカンは免疫原として不充分である。したがって、防御的有効性のため、本発明で使用されるβ−グルカンは、好ましくは、担体タンパク質に結合体化させる。炭水化物抗原の免疫原性を高めるための担体タンパク質との結合体化の使用は、よく知られており[例えば、参考文献31〜39などに概説]、特に、小児科用ワクチンに使用される[40]。
を有する結合体が、本発明における使用に具体的に想定される。
を有するものである。
β−グルカンそれ自体がアジュバントであると報告されているが、免疫原性組成物は、この組成物を受ける患者において誘起される免疫応答(体液性および/または細胞性)を増強する機能を果たし得る別のアジュバントを含んでいてもよい。本発明で使用され得るアジュバントとしては、限定されないが、以下のものが挙げられる。
を有するもの、またはその薬学的に許容され得る塩もしくは誘導体。例としては、限定されないが、カスアリン、カスアリン−6−α−D−グルコピラノース、3−エピ−カスアリン、7−エピ−カスアリン、3,7−ジエピ−カスアリンなどが挙げられる。
・置換型尿素あるいは式I、IIもしくはIIIの化合物、またはその塩:
本発明は、(a)本発明のグルカンまたは結合体、(b)上記のようなアジュバント、および(c)薬学的に許容され得る担体を含む医薬組成物を提供する。かかる担体の充分な論考は、参考文献177において入手可能である。
また、本発明は、医薬における使用のための、例えば、哺乳動物の抗体応答を惹起することにおける使用のための、本発明のアジュバント添加グルカンまたは結合体を提供する。
用語「を含む(comprising)」は、「を含む(including)」ならびに「からなる(consisting)」を包含し、例えば、X「を含む」組成物は、排他的にXからなるものであってもよく、何か付加的なものを含むもの(例えば、X+Y)であってもよい。
カードラン結合体化(1)
>100kDaの初期MWを有するカードランを、DMSO中HCl(0.5M)を用いた酸加水分解により、85℃で10分間処理した。この加水分解生成物は、25単位前後のDPを有していた。
ラミナリン結合体を、CRM197担体を使用し、参考文献2および3に開示されたようにして調製した。1つのそのような結合体は、糖:タンパク質質量比0.4:1を有するものであった。精製後、0.7%の遊離グルカン(結合体化されていない)が残存していた。図3は、結合体化前の担体タンパク質、および最終結合体のHPLC−SEC解析を示す。
合成カードラン(15mer)およびラミナリン(17mer)の結合体を、図4に記載の方法に従って調製した。簡単には、表示した合成オリゴ糖を蒸留水中で、40mMのアミノ基濃度で可溶化させた。次いで、9容量のDMSOを添加した後、トリエチルアミンを最終濃度200mMまで添加した。15mer−C6β(1−3)−CRM結合体では、グルタル酸N−ヒドロキシスクシンイミドジエステルを、最終濃度240mMまで添加した。15mer−C6β(1−3)−CRMおよび17mer−C6β(1−3)−CRMの結合体では、アジピン酸N−ヒドロキシスクシンイミドジエステルを、最終濃度480mMまで添加した。次いで、この活性化オリゴ糖を、80%v/vジオキサンを用いた沈降によって精製した。各反応で生成したエステル基の数を、放出されたNヒドロキシスクシンイミド基の量を測定することにより概算した。次いで、乾燥させた活性化オリゴ糖を、30mg/mLのCRM197溶液(10mMリン酸緩衝液(pH7.2)中)に添加した。反応液を攪拌下、室温で一晩維持した。最終物質は、タンパク質1molあたりのN−ヒドロキシスクシンイミドエステルのmolに関して約50:1の比を有していた。
ラミナリン結合体のさらなるロットを、緩衝液中のリン酸塩の濃度を、a)10mM(参考文献2および3のとおり、以下、本明細書において「ロット9」);b)25mM;c)50mMまたはd)100mM(「ロット10」)のいずれかとしたこと以外は、参考文献2および3に開示されたようにして調製した。次いで、結合体をSEC−HPLCによって特徴付けた。ロット9では、その他のロットよりも大きな凝集が観察され、ロット10では凝集は検出され得なかった(図6)。
免疫原性を試験するため、ラミナリン結合体化および吸着(2)で記載のようにして調製したラミナリン結合体を、種々の個々のアジュバントおよび併用アジュバントと合わせ、マウスにおいて試験した。
Lam+CRM=ラミナリンとCRM197の併用、結合体化なし
Lam=結合体化されていないラミナリン、CRM197なし
CFA=完全フロイントアジュバント
PBS=リン酸緩衝生理食塩水
この結果は、至適免疫応答には、結合体化と、少なくとも1種類のアジュバントの存在の両方が必要とされることを示す。Th1アジュバントとTh2アジュバントの併用で、良好な結果が得られた。
さらなる研究において、それぞれ、カードラン結合体化(1)と、ラミナリン結合体化および吸着(2)に記載のようにして調製したカードラン結合体とラミナリン結合体の両方を、マウスに投与した。1つより多くのカードラン結合体のロットを試験した。
さらなる実験では、それぞれ、ラミナリン結合体化および吸着(2)と、カードラン結合体化(1)に記載のようにして調製したラミナリン結合体とカードラン結合体に、アジュバントとしてα−ガラクトシルセラミド(100ng)またはLT−K63(2μg)もまた、単独または他のアジュバントとの併用のいずれかで加えた。また、CpGアジュバントも、3つの異なる用量(0.5μg、5μgおよび10μg)で試験した。詳細は、1群あたり8匹のマウスとしたこと以外は、先の免疫原性試験の場合と同様にした。結果を表3に示す。
16匹の群のマウスに、CRM197に結合体化したラミナリン(Lam−CRM、ラミナリン結合体化および吸着(2)に記載のようにして調製)で、異なるアジュバントと組み合わせて3回、腹腔内(IP)にて免疫処置した。結合体を糖用量5μgで投薬容量150μlにて使用し、第1、14および28日目に投与した。血液試料を第0、28および42日目に採取し、抗GGZym抗体レベルをELISAによって評価した。また、抗ラミナリン抗体レベルも、ELISAにおいてGG−Zymをラミナリンに置き換えることにより、参考文献3に記載のようにして測定した。
さらなる研究において、CRM197または破傷風トキソイドのいずれかに結合体化させたラミナリンまたはカードランを、種々の個々のアジュバントおよび併用アジュバントと合わせ、マウスに皮下または腹腔内投与によって投与した。結合体は、それぞれ、ラミナリン結合体化および吸着(2)と、カードラン結合体化(1)に記載のようにして調製した。
別の試験において、CRM197に結合体化したラミナリンまたはカードランを、異なる用量の糖を用いてマウスに投与した。結合体は、それぞれ、ラミナリン結合体化および吸着(2)と、カードラン結合体化(1)に記載のようにして調製した。
さらなる研究において、CRM197に結合体化したラミナリンを種々の個々のアジュバントと合わせ、マウスに腹腔内、皮下または筋肉内投与によって投与した。結合体は、ラミナリン結合体化および吸着(2)に記載のようにして調製した。
別の試験において、水酸化アルミニウム、IC31またはMF59アジュバントと合わせたCRM197に結合体化したラミナリンによって誘導された抗体が、C.albicansの増殖をインビボで抑止する能力を試験した。結合体は、ラミナリン結合体化および吸着(2)に記載のようにして調製した。
Laminaria digitataから抽出された市販のラミナリン(L−9634、Sigma)の1mg/ml水溶液を、UV/VIS分光法によって解析した。UV/VISスペクトルは、Perkin−Elmer LAMBDATM25分光測光器を使用し、室温および室内圧で取得した(1.00cmの光路長を有する石英セルを使用)。同じ物質を、デプスフィルタ(CunoTM10SPフィルタ)を用いた1回、2回または3回の濾過工程後に解析した。結果を図19に示す。
種々のアジュバントを用いて液体に製剤化したグルカン結合体の安定性を比較した。結合体は、ラミナリン結合体化および吸着(2)に記載のようにして調製した。試料を37℃で4週間(図20)および2〜8℃で6ヶ月間(図21)保存した。グルカンの放出を、種々の時点での遊離糖%を測定することによりモニターした。遊離糖の測定は、固相抽出(SPE)による結合体からの遊離グルカンの分離、続いて高速アニオン交換クロマトグラフィーパルス型電流滴定検出による全グルカンおよび遊離グルカンの定量的測定に基づいたものとする。以下の製剤:
Lam−CRM 20μg/mL(10mMのヒスチジン緩衝液(pH7)中)、0.9%NaCl、2mg/mLのAl(OH)3、0.05%Tween20;
Lam−CRM 20μg/mL(10mMのリン酸緩衝液(pH7)中)、0.9%NaCl、2mg/mLのAl(OH)30.05%Tween20;
Lam−CRM 20μg/mL(MF59中);および
Lam−CRM 20μg/mL(10mMのリン酸緩衝液(pH7)中)、0.9%NaCl
を試験した。
Lam−CRM 10μg/mL、塩化ナトリウム3.5mg、第一リン酸ナトリウム一水和物0.092mg、第二リン酸ナトリウム二水和物0.48mg、マンニトール7.3mgを試験した。
別の試験において、結合体化(3)に記載のようにして調製した結合体およびCRM197に結合体化したラミナリンを、種々の個々のアジュバントおよび併用アジュバントと合わせ、マウスに腹腔内投与によって投与した。CRM197に結合体化したラミナリンは、結合体化前にアミノ化工程なしで調製したCRM197に対するラミナリンの代替ロット(ロット11AD)以外は、ラミナリン結合体化および吸着(2)に記載のようにして調製した。
別の試験において、MF59アジュバントと合わせたCRM197結合体化グルカンを受けたマウスが、C.albicansでの抗原刺激に対して生存する能力を試験した。結合体は、ラミナリン結合体化(4)(ロット9と10)およびカードラン結合体化(1)に記載のようにして調製した。
・第0日目−皮下投与による初回用量
・第14日目−腹腔内投与による2回目の用量
・第28日目−腹腔内投与による3回目の用量
・第35日目−採血
・第40日目−マウス1匹あたり、静脈内投与による5.0×l05(ラミナリン結合体での免疫処置後)または2.5×105(カードラン結合体での免疫処置後)のC.albicans菌株BP細胞(0.2mlのPBS中)の真菌抗原刺激
とした。
同様の試験において、MF59アジュバントと合わせたCRM197に結合体化された合成グルカンを受けたマウスが、C.albicansでの抗原刺激に対して生存する能力を試験した。結合体は、結合体化(3)に記載のようにして調製した。この試験では、真菌抗原刺激は、5.0×l05細胞の静脈内投与によるものとした。
Claims (16)
- β−1,3−結合および/またはβ−1,6−結合を含むグルカンを含む、哺乳動物における免疫応答を惹起するための免疫原性組成物であって、該グルカンが単一の分子種であり、かつ担体タンパク質に結合体化されており、該グルカンは、β−1,3−結合によってのみ他の残基に連結された少なくとも5つの隣接する非末端残基の配列を1つ以上含み、該グルカンは、1.01以下の多分散性(Mw/Mn)のものである、免疫原性組成物。
- 前記グルカンが前記担体タンパク質に直接結合体化されている、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記グルカンが前記担体タンパク質にリンカーによって結合体化されている、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記担体タンパク質が、細菌毒素もしくはトキソイド、またはCRM197である、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- 前記グルカンが、100kDa未満の分子量を有する、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- 前記グルカンが、60個以下のグルコース単糖単位を有する、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- 前記グルカンが、一部β−1,6分枝を有するβ−1,3グルカンである、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- 前記グルカンがラミナリンである、請求項7に記載の組成物。
- 前記グルカンがβ−1,3−結合グルコース残基とβ−1,6−結合グルコース残基との両方を含み、β−1,6−結合残基に対するβ−1,3結合グルコース残基の比が少なくとも8:1である、請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- 前記グルカンが排他的にβ−1,3結合を有する、請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- 前記グルカンがカードランである、請求項9または10に記載の組成物。
- 薬学的に許容され得る担体を含む、請求項1〜11のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- アジュバントをさらに含む、請求項1〜12のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- 前記アジュバントが、アルミニウム塩;水中油型乳剤;免疫刺激性オリゴヌクレオチド;および/またはα−グリコシルセラミドの1種類以上を含む、請求項13に記載の組成物。
- 前記アジュバントが、免疫刺激性オリゴヌクレオチドおよびポリカチオンオリゴペプチドを含む、請求項14に記載の組成物。
- 前記アジュバントがMF59である、請求項15に記載の組成物。
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US439607P | 2007-11-26 | 2007-11-26 | |
US61/004,396 | 2007-11-26 | ||
US13373808P | 2008-07-01 | 2008-07-01 | |
US61/133,738 | 2008-07-01 | ||
PCT/IB2008/003582 WO2009077854A2 (en) | 2007-11-26 | 2008-11-26 | Adjuvanted glucans |
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EP (1) | EP2227248B2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5588874B2 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2706617A1 (ja) |
ES (1) | ES2495744T5 (ja) |
PL (1) | PL2227248T3 (ja) |
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AU2000278267A1 (en) | 2000-09-01 | 2002-03-22 | The Government Of The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary Of The Department Of Health And Human Services | Vibrio cholerae o139 conjugate vaccines |
WO2009068996A2 (en) | 2007-11-26 | 2009-06-04 | Novartis Ag | Conjugated beta-1,3-linked glucans |
WO2011024071A1 (en) * | 2009-08-27 | 2011-03-03 | Novartis Ag | Adjuvant comprising aluminium, oligonucleotide and polycation |
ES2707778T3 (es) | 2009-12-30 | 2019-04-05 | Glaxosmithkline Biologicals Sa | Inmunógenos polisacáridos conjugados con proteínas portadoras de E. coli |
MX2015004171A (es) | 2012-10-02 | 2015-10-22 | Glaxosmithkline Biolog Sa | Conjugados de sacaridos no lineales. |
MX2016004328A (es) | 2013-10-09 | 2016-07-11 | Toray Industries | Inmunopotenciador. |
KR102111039B1 (ko) | 2018-10-30 | 2020-05-14 | 아주대학교산학협력단 | 항원특이적 면역반응 억제를 위한 커들란의 설하 투여용 조성물 |
CN112076209A (zh) * | 2019-06-14 | 2020-12-15 | 青岛海洋生物医药研究院股份有限公司 | 一种β-葡聚糖组合物及其用途 |
CN112451659B (zh) * | 2020-11-30 | 2022-09-23 | 山东大学 | 一种可德兰多糖-季铵化壳聚糖结合物纳米颗粒及其制备方法和应用 |
WO2023161527A1 (en) | 2022-02-28 | 2023-08-31 | Tridem Bioscience Gmbh & Co Kg | A CONJUGATE CONSISTING OF OR COMPRISING AT LEAST A ß-GLUCAN OR A MANNAN |
AU2023223603A1 (en) | 2022-02-28 | 2024-08-22 | Tridem Bioscience Gmbh & Co Kg | A CONJUGATE CONSISTING OF OR COMPRISING AT LEAST A ß-GLUCAN OR A MANNAN. |
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JPS57136528A (en) * | 1981-02-09 | 1982-08-23 | Hayashibara Biochem Lab Inc | Preparation of viral vaccine |
JPH062676B2 (ja) * | 1989-02-20 | 1994-01-12 | 台糖株式会社 | 水溶性グルカンからなる魚病の予防剤 |
HU212924B (en) † | 1989-05-25 | 1996-12-30 | Chiron Corp | Adjuvant formulation comprising a submicron oil droplet emulsion |
EP0640348A1 (en) * | 1993-07-26 | 1995-03-01 | Akzo Nobel N.V. | Oil-based and water-based adjuvant mixture |
US20040127458A1 (en) * | 2000-11-06 | 2004-07-01 | Hunter Kenneth W. | Beta-glucan containing compositions, methods for manufacturing beta-glucans, and for manufacturing and using beta-glucans and conjugates thereof as vaccine adjuvants |
GB0211118D0 (en) * | 2002-05-15 | 2002-06-26 | Polonelli Luciano | Vaccines |
US7790189B2 (en) * | 2003-05-15 | 2010-09-07 | Mitsui Sugar Co., Ltd. | Immunostimulating agents |
WO2009068996A2 (en) † | 2007-11-26 | 2009-06-04 | Novartis Ag | Conjugated beta-1,3-linked glucans |
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PL2227248T3 (pl) | 2014-11-28 |
WO2009077854A3 (en) | 2009-11-05 |
PT2227248E (pt) | 2014-08-27 |
WO2009077854A2 (en) | 2009-06-25 |
ES2495744T3 (es) | 2014-09-17 |
US20100266626A1 (en) | 2010-10-21 |
EP2227248A2 (en) | 2010-09-15 |
ES2495744T5 (es) | 2018-04-26 |
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CA2706617A1 (en) | 2009-06-25 |
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