JP6169677B2 - 起磁性ステーターシステム及び磁性ローターの無線制御方法 - Google Patents
起磁性ステーターシステム及び磁性ローターの無線制御方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本出願は、参照によりその全体が本明細書に援用される、2009年11月2日に出願された米国仮出願第61/280,321号からの優先権を主張する。
該当せず。
別途規定しない限り、本発明に関連して使用される科学用語及び技術用語は、当業者によって一般的に理解される意味を有するものとする。さらに、文脈によって別途要求されない限り、単数形の用語は複数を含むものとし、複数形の用語は単数を含むものとする。本明細書で述べる医薬品化学及び製薬化学の実験室手順及び技法に関連して利用される専門語は、よく知られており、また、当技術分野で一般的に使用されている。標準的な技法は、医薬品の調製、製剤、及び送達、並びに患者の処置のために使用される。本明細書の他の化学用語は、McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Chemical Terms(Parker,S., Ed, McGraw-Hill, San Francisco(1985))によって例示されるように、当技術分野の慣例的な使用に従って使用される。本明細書の磁性ナノ粒子動態に関する他の用語は、教科書Ferrohydro-Dynamics(R.E. Rosensweig, Dover Publications, New York,(1985))に例示されるように、当技術分野の慣例的な使用に従って使用される。
本発明は、遠隔に設置した磁場発生用ステーターを使用する、自由磁性ローターの物理的操作のためのシステム及び方法に関する。特に、本発明は、循環系の流体流の増加及び流体遮断の実質的な除去をもたらすことができる、循環系内の治療標的と医薬化合物との接触を増加させるための磁性ナノ粒子の制御に関する。種々の態様において、システムは、血栓溶解薬の拡散を高め、永久磁石ベースステーター供給源又は電磁場発生用ステーター供給源を使用する。磁場及び勾配は、患者内の血管閉塞を含む循環系遮断を低減するために、磁性ナノ粒子凝集体及び磁性血栓除去デバイスに作用するために使用される。種々の態様において、本発明のシステム及び方法は、身体の頭部(特に、脳)内の又は腕及び脚の脈管系等の四肢内の循環系の流体遮断を処置するために使用することができる。
循環系の流体遮断が起こる身体の部分は、脚及び脳を含む。こうした遮断の2つの主要な流体力学特性、すなわち、低い血流又は完全遮断が、脈管系内で観察される。いずれの場合も、閉塞を表面において溶解するための薬物の送達、又は、例えば血栓物質の機械的除去の既存のモードは、下層との新たな薬物相互作用を可能にするために除去されるべき血塊表面上の分解されて邪魔をしている層を効果的に取り除けない。これは、多くの場合、危険な成分が下流に移動することをもたらし、この結果、より危険な遮断又は死をもたらす可能性がある。典型的な流れ状況では、流れが、効果的に、意図される部位に貫入もせず意図される部位を標的にもしない場所が存在する。他の状況では、閉塞した血管の3次元形状の小ささ(例えば、微小血管)又は複雑さのために、血栓除去デバイスを標的にナビゲートすることが可能でない。
治療システムであって、(a)循環系内で磁性ローターを制御するための磁場及び勾配を有する磁石と、(b)循環系内の治療標的に対して磁性ローターを凝集させ横断させるように、磁場及び勾配を位置決めし回転させるためのコントローラーとを備える、治療システムが提供される。本治療システムを用いると、循環系内での治療標的と医薬組成物との接触が増加する。種々の態様では、医薬組成物は、磁性ローターに付着させることができ、他の態様では、磁性ローターから分離して循環系に投与することができる。或る特定の場合には、医薬組成物は、血栓溶解薬とすることができる。
起磁性ステーターシステム(図6に示す、602)は、図2に示すように可搬型支持ベース202の使用によって位置決めすることができる。所定場所になると、また、図6に示すように、コンピューターディスプレイ606及びユーザー制御ボタン608を有するコンピューター制御パネル604が、空間610内のユーザー定義点において磁気回転平面616の配向を指定するために使用される。磁場及び勾配は、物理空間610内で操作される。回転平面の法線ベクトル614が、制御ボタン608又は手持ち式コントローラー622を使用して、空間610内の点においてグローバル座標系612内でユーザーによって指定される。磁気回転平面616内には、コンピューターによって自動的に設定されることができる、磁場618の初期配向が存在する。ユーザーは、磁気回転平面616内で磁場回転の方向620を指定する。
図3は、図1に示す平面に垂直である平面内で回転するように磁石が作られる実施形態を示す。ここで、N磁極304及びS磁極306を有する永久磁石302は、2つの支持フランジを有する。第1の磁石フランジ308は第1の軸受け312を通過し、第2の磁石フランジ310は第2の軸受け314を通過する。軸受けは、磁石支持構造体316によって支持される。磁石支持構造体は、中心シャフト318に接続され、中心シャフト318は、中心シャフト用の支持体320によって支持される。中心シャフト318は、ドライブモーター324が取付けられるモーター搭載プレート322に取付けられる。この実施形態では、磁石ドライブモーターシーブ326が、ドライブベルト328に接続される。ドライブベルト328は、磁石シーブ330に接続される。中心シャフト用の支持体320は、磁石組立体支持構造体332に取付けられる。
更に別の実施の形態では、循環系内で流体流を増加させるための治療システムであって、
流体内で磁性ツールを制御するための磁場を有する磁石と、
治療標的に対して磁場を位置決めし回転させて、磁性ツールのアブレシブ表面を回転させ、治療標的に接触し、治療標的を貫通して又は治療標的の周りで流体流を増加させるように回転アブレシブ表面を操縦するコントローラーとを備える治療システムが提供される。種々の態様では、循環系は、患者、特にヒトの患者の脈管系とすることができる。種々の態様では、磁性ツールは、安定化ロッドに結合させることができ、磁性ツールは、回転する磁場に応じて安定化ロッドの回りを回転する。更に別の態様では、磁性ツールは、治療標的に係合し治療標的を切り崩す、磁石に固着されたアブレシブキャップを含むことができる。別の態様では、コントローラーは、治療標的上の標的点に磁性ツールを位置決めし、治療標的を切り崩すのに十分な周波数で磁性ツールを回転させる。磁石は、該磁石の極が、回転中に磁性ツールの反対の極を周期的に引き付けるように位置決めすることができ、磁性ツールは、該磁性ツールが回転する安定化ロッドによって治療標的に向かって押される。別の態様では、磁石は、磁石の極が、回転中に磁性ツールの反対の極を連続的に引き付けるように位置決めされ、磁性ツールは、磁石の引力によって治療標的に向かって引っぱられる。
図11は、移動する流体システム内に注入される化学物質の拡散に対する制御を磁気的にイネーブルする方法を示す。このモデルでは、流体Aが、系(図11Aの白い領域)を移動し充満させる。その後、流体Bが注入される(影の領域)。図11Bは、問題を示す。流体Bは、「脚部」に侵入する能力が制限される。その理由は、流れの速度が遠くの脚部まで伝わらないからである。系は、その後、流体Aを流体Bで希釈する拡散に頼らなければならない。これは、非常に長い時間を要する可能性がある。
τ=μBsinφ [1]
式中、φは、モーメントμの方向と磁場Bの方向との間の角度である。勾配のない均一な磁場は、モーメントμに対する力を生成しないことになる。しかし、勾配Gは、以下に従って、小さなモーメントμに対する力Fを生成することになる。
F=μGcosφ [2]
式中、φは、モーメントμの方向と勾配Gの方向との間の角度である。
τ=μBsin(β−θ) [3]
で与えられる。
Fθ=2μ(B/L)sin(β−θ) [4]
は、長さLのロッドの端部の磁場Bによって生成される。
Fdrag=−Cθ2 [5]
であり、式中、Cは比例定数である。その(標準的な)仮定の下で、対称ロッドについての運動の最終的な式は、
mlθ/4=2μβ/l[sin(β−θ)]−Cθ2 [6]
である。
Mlθ/4=(2μB/l)sinα−C(ω−α)2 [7]
になる。
sinα=clω2/2μB [8]
に簡略化される。
ωo 2=2μB/cl [9]
であり、式中、α=π/2、すなわち、90度である。
T=2×(1/2)(m/2)(1/2)2θ2 [10]
である。
1.対象物が、相互作用の表面積を増加させ、血栓溶解薬のより効率的な循環を引起すことによって血栓の破壊を加速させる。
2.構造が、小さな塞栓を捕捉し、塞栓をボール構造内に入れ、それにより、塞栓が逃げることを防止する。
3.構造が、血栓溶解薬によってその構造が溶解されるため、ゆっくりと分解し続けることになる。
4.代替的には、構造は、先端に磁石を有するデバイスによって再収集することができ、それにより、より大きな塞栓及び磁性粒子が捕捉される。
1.磁気共鳴撮像、X線、PET、又は超音波技術による可視化を可能にする1つ又は複数の造影剤
2.遮断の破壊を加速させる薬物
3.粉砕を加速させるための最適化された表面幾何形状
4.粉砕を加速させるためのアブレシブ表面
磁性ナノ粒子の種々の製剤を、医薬組成物と組合せて処方するか否かによらず、患者への投与のために使用することができる。本明細書の磁性ナノ粒子と同時投与するために、又は、ナノ粒子と別に投与するために、種々の医薬組成物、薬物及び化合物を処方する方法を、当業者は認識するであろう。被膜及び処置される治療標的に応じて、未コーティングのナノ粒子に加えて、コーティング済みのナノ粒子を処方する方法も、当業者は認識するであろう。幾つかの実施形態では、本明細書の磁性ナノ粒子の種々の製剤は、水なしで(neat)投与することができる。他の実施形態では、種々の製剤及び薬学的に許容可能なキャリアを投与することができ、種々の調合にすることができる。薬学的に許容可能なキャリアは、当該技術分野で知られている。例えば、caキャリアは、形態若しくは一貫性を与えるか、又は希釈剤として働くことができる。適した賦形剤は、安定化剤、湿潤剤及び乳化剤、モル浸透圧濃度を変化させる塩、カプセル化剤、緩衝剤、及び皮膚透過促進剤を含むが、それらに限定されない。賦形剤並びに非経口及び経口薬物送達用の製剤は、Remington, The Science and Practice of Pharmacy 20th Ed. Mack Publishing(2000)に述べられる。
起磁性ステーターシステム並びに磁性ナノ粒子及び他の磁性ロッド(例えば、磁性ツール)を制御する方法を述べたが、現在のところ市場に出ているデバイス及び医薬組成物と比較すると、幾つかの利点を観察することができる。第1に、意図しない損傷を患者にもたらす可能性があるカテーテル及びカニューレと対照的に、磁性ローターが遠くから制御されることを可能にする有利な方法で、磁場勾配と磁場とを組合せることができること。第2に、磁場が、単純かつ正確な方法で経時的に変化されるとともに、通常投与量で体内で(インビボで)精密に制御することが難しい医薬組成物の観点から、無線ローターに対する制御が大幅に強化されるように可能な限り最適化されることを可能にするコンパクトなメカニズムを構築することができること。
麻酔下のウサギを、血管内障害モデルを生成するために使用した。頸静脈を使用し、トロンビンを使用してこの場所に血塊を生成することによって、自然生成物は血液凝固物を生成する。安定した血塊が確立されると、tPA(血管内障害患者の血塊を溶解するために一般的に使用される酵素)及び磁性ナノ粒子を、血塊場所に送り、血塊を溶解するのに必要とされる時間を記録した。図30を参照されたい。様々な時点後に、動物を、安楽死させ、残りの血塊を、重さを量って分析し、血管自体に対する損傷が全く存在しないことを確実にするために、組織を収集した。
要約:深部静脈血栓は、一般的でかつ潜在的に致命的な状態であり、現行の処置オプションは、幾つかの場合においては、役立つより損害を与える可能性がある。本発明者らの目的は、一般的に使用されるMRI造影剤を磁気的に操作することによって、本発明者らが、現行の薬理的処置の効率を実質的に上げることができるか否かを判定するために、静脈血栓の非存命麻酔下ウサギモデルを使用することである(Magnetic particles in imaging: D.Pouliquen et. al., Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for use as an MRI contrast agent: Pharmacokenetics and metabolism; Magnetic Resonance Imaging Vol.9, pp275-283, 1991)。
1.トロンビンだけ、tPAなし。このグループは、本発明者らの血栓のベースライン質量を確立し、血栓安定性の評価を可能にすることになる。n=30。
注記:「n」数値は、初期データ品質に応じてパイロットデータと組合せることができ、さらに、動物の要件を低減する。
上述したDVTモデルを使用して、起磁性ステーターシステムが、このウサギモデルにおいてtPA効力を著しく増大させることが説明された。図29及び図30を参照されたい。組織学的に評価された組織が集められた。組織学的に検査されると、組織に対する損傷は全く観察されない。
上記で述べた詳細な説明は、当業者が本発明を実施するのを助けるために提供される。しかし、本明細書で述べられ特許請求される本発明は、本明細書で開示される特定の実施形態によって範囲が制限されない。その理由は、これらの実施形態が、本発明の幾つかの態様の例示として意図されるからである。任意の均等な実施形態が、本発明の範囲内にあることを意図される。実際には、本明細書で示し述べる変更以外の本発明の種々の変更が、先の説明から当業者に明らかになり、それらは本発明の発見の趣旨及び範囲から逸脱しない。こうした変更はまた、添付の特許請求項の範囲内に入ることを意図される。
本明細書の参考文献の引用は、参考文献が本発明に対する従来技術であるという承認として解釈されないものとする。
Claims (36)
- 磁場及び勾配を有する磁石を有する単一の永久磁石と、
支持構造によって前記磁石に結合され、前記磁石の第1回転軸を中心とした前記磁石の回転を生じさせるように構成されたモータと、
前記モータの動作を制御するコントローラーと
を備え、
使用時に、前記回転する磁石の前記磁場及び前記勾配が共に作用して、対象者の体内に導入された磁性ローターを凝集させて治療標的に向かって共に進ませるようにし、前記治療標的の近傍に循環流体運動を生成させ、
前記治療標的と化学組成物との接触が、前記循環流体運動の結果として増加する、
治療システム。 - 前記磁性ローターをさらに備える、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記磁性ローターは、磁鉄鉱粒子を含み、
前記磁場の強度は、0.02テスラ〜0.20テスラであり、
前記勾配の強度は、0.01テスラ/メートル〜5テスラ/メートルであり、
前記磁石の回転周波数は、1〜30Hzである、
請求項2に記載のシステム。 - 前記磁場の強度は、0.02テスラ〜0.20テスラである、請求項1又は2に記載のシステム。
- 前記磁性ローターは、磁鉄鉱粒子を含む、請求項1又は2に記載のシステム。
- 前記磁鉄鉱粒子の径は、150nmよりも小さい、請求項5に記載のシステム。
- 前記磁性ローターは、1以上の血栓溶解剤のコーティングを含む、請求項2に記載のシステム。
- 前記磁性ローターは、アブレシブ面を含む、請求項2に記載のシステム。
- 前記化学組成物は、前記磁性ローターの各々に付着している、請求項2に記載のシステム。
- 前記化学組成物は、前記磁性ローターの導入とは別に投与される、請求項2に記載のシステム。
- 前記磁性ローターを捕まえるように構成されている磁石を有するガイドワイヤをさらに備える、請求項2から10のいずれかに記載のシステム。
- 前記磁性ローターは、1以上の造影剤を含む、請求項2から11のいずれかに記載のシステム。
- 前記磁性ローター及び前記治療標的のリアルタイムビデオを表示し、前記リアルタイムビデオ上で前記磁場の回転面を表現するグラフィックと前記勾配を表現する別のグラフィックとを重ね合わせるように構成されたディスプレイをさらに備える、請求項2から12のいずれかに記載のシステム。
- 前記コントローラーは、ユーザーが、前記治療標的に対する前記磁場の位置、回転面、及び回転周波数を操作するための遠隔制御デバイスを含む、請求項1から13のいずれかに記載のシステム。
- 前記支持構造が結合された可搬型ポジショナーカートをさらに備える、請求項1から14のいずれかに記載のシステム。
- 前記可搬型ポジショナーカートと前記支持構造との間に結合されるアームポジショナーをさらに備える、請求項15に記載のシステム。
- 前記化学組成物は、組織プラスミノーゲン活性化因子、ストレプトキナーゼ、ウロキナーゼ、アルテプラーゼ、レテプラーゼ、又はテネクテプラーゼの1つを含む、請求項1から16のいずれかに記載のシステム。
- 前記化学組成物は、プラスミノーゲンである、請求項1から16のいずれかに記載のシステム。
- 磁場及び勾配を有する磁石を有する単一の永久磁石と、
支持構造によって前記磁石に結合され、前記磁石の第1回転軸を中心とした前記磁石の回転を生じさせるように構成されたモータと、
前記モータの動作を制御するコントローラーと
を備え、
使用時に、前記回転する磁石の前記磁場及び前記勾配が共に作用して、対象者の体内に導入された磁性ローターを凝集させて、前記対象者の前記体内の標的に向かって共に進むようにさせ、
前記標的と薬剤との接触が増加する、
治療システム。 - 前記磁性ローターをさらに備える、請求項19に記載のシステム。
- 前記磁性ローターは、磁鉄鉱粒子を含み、
前記磁場の強度は、0.02テスラ〜0.20テスラであり、
前記勾配の強度は、0.01テスラ/メートル〜5テスラ/メートルであり、
前記磁石の回転周波数は、1〜30Hzである、
請求項20に記載のシステム。 - 前記磁場の強度は、0.02テスラ〜0.20テスラである、請求項19又は20に記載のシステム。
- 前記磁性ローターは、磁鉄鉱粒子を含む、請求項19又は20に記載のシステム。
- 前記磁鉄鉱粒子の径は、150nmよりも小さい、請求項23に記載のシステム。
- 前記磁性ローターは、アブレシブ面を含む、請求項20に記載のシステム。
- 前記磁性ローターを捕まえるように構成されている磁石を有するガイドワイヤをさらに備える、請求項20から25のいずれかに記載のシステム。
- 前記薬剤は、組織プラスミノーゲン活性化因子、ストレプトキナーゼ、ウロキナーゼ、アルテプラーゼ、レテプラーゼ、又はテネクテプラーゼの1つを含む、請求項19から26のいずれかに記載のシステム。
- 前記薬剤は、プラスミノーゲンである、請求項19から26のいずれかに記載のシステム。
- 磁場及び勾配を有する磁石を有する単一の永久磁石と、
支持構造によって前記磁石に結合され、前記磁石の第1回転軸を中心とした前記磁石の回転を生じさせるように構成されたモータと、
前記モータの動作を制御するコントローラーと
を備え、
使用時に、前記回転する磁石の前記磁場及び前記勾配が共に作用して、対象者の体内に導入された1以上の磁性ツールを、前記対象者の前記体内の標的に向かって進ませる、
治療システム。 - 前記1以上の磁性ツールをさらに備える、請求項29に記載のシステム。
- 前記1以上の磁性ツールは、磁鉄鉱粒子を含み、
前記磁場の強度は、0.02テスラ〜0.20テスラであり、
前記勾配の強度は、0.01テスラ/メートル〜5テスラ/メートルであり、
前記磁石の回転周波数は、1〜30Hzである、
請求項30に記載のシステム。 - 前記磁場の強度は、0.02テスラ〜0.20テスラである、請求項29又は30に記載のシステム。
- 前記1以上の磁性ツールは、磁鉄鉱粒子を含む、請求項29又は30に記載のシステム。
- 前記磁性ツールは、アブレシブ面を含む、請求項30に記載のシステム。
- 前記1以上の磁性ツールを捕まえるように構成されている磁石を有するガイドワイヤをさらに備える、請求項30から34のいずれかに記載のシステム。
- 前記磁石の第2回転軸を中心とした前記磁石の回転を生じさせるように構成された第2モータをさらに備える、請求項1、19、29のいずれかに記載のシステム。
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