WO2024035936A2

WO2024035936A2 - Device for the actuation of magnetic particles within reaction vessels

Info

Publication number: WO2024035936A2
Application number: PCT/US2023/030088
Authority: WO
Inventors: Christoph SADÉE
Original assignee: Bitomix Llc
Priority date: 2022-08-12
Filing date: 2023-08-11
Publication date: 2024-02-15
Also published as: WO2024035936A3

Abstract

Magnetic particles are commonly used in biological assays for the purification of compounds of interest. Described herein is an apparatus for the automated mixing, resuspending, and immobilization of magnetic particles within at least one reaction vessel. The device uses non- permanent magnetic but magnetizable bars positioned on opposing sides of each reaction vessel to deliver no magnetic field or a magnetic field on one side before switching to the other side.

Description

DEVICE FOR THE ACTUATION OF MAGNETIC PARTICLES WITHIN REACTION VESSELS

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0001] This invention relates to laboratory' equipment for biological, chemical, and biomedical research and diagnostics. The invention includes devices and methods for biological and chemical reactions, magnetic particle-based purifications, laboratory' automation, liquid handling robotics, and various combinations of related technologies.

BACKGROUND INFORMATION

[0002] Magnetic particles are commonly used in chemical, biologic and biochemical reactions and assays to separate components of the reactions. Commonly used laboratory tools and reaction vessels (e.g., titration plates) have limited space between reaction vessels making it inefficient to use standard magnetic sources to deliver a magnetic field to attract magnetic particles in each vessel or an alternating magnetic field to move magnetic particles from side to side. Limited space between reaction vessels is common in titration plates or tube strips. Furthermore, the larger the volume of the reaction vessel, the smaller the available space between each reaction vessel. This limited space between reaction vessels makes it harder to automate magnetic particle-based techniques for anything but the smallest reaction vessels and hence small reaction volumes. Further, techniques requiring larger reaction volumes cannot be easily scaled up and instead require individual reaction vessels and manual processing making the use of magnetic particles difficult.

[0003] Here an apparatus and method are disclosed that allows for the suspension, mixing and immobilization of magnetic particles in a reaction vessel with limited space around it by using magnetizable bars (m-bars). The apparatus allows for magnetic particle attraction and disengagement without moving the m-bars relative to the reaction vessels apart from the initial insertion or removal of the reaction vessels. Magnetic particles can be attracted to one side of a reaction vessel by magnetizing a first m-bar and then to the other side by magnetizing a second, opposing m-bar and demagnetizing the first m-bar. This allows for magnetic particles to be moved through the reaction vessel and hence mixed with the reaction liquid. This design has the advantages of requiring no additional space to allow for otherwise the movement of permanent magnets. Prior to the present invention, permanent magnets would have to be sufficiently small to fit within the space between reaction vessels, often lowering their strength to insufficiently attract or immobilize the magnetic particles. Additionally, electromagnets within a confined space are also too small to generate a sufficiently strong magnetic field or require excessive and hazardous levels of electrical current to generate a magnetic field. Furthermore, this may result in heating of often temperature sensitive materials within the reaction vessel. The present invention solves these problems with the use of magnetizable bars.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0004] The invention relates to an apparatus or device to allow for the suspension, mixing and immobilization of magnetic particles in at least one reaction vessel by a single or plurality of magnetizable bars (m-bars). Each m-bar can be magnetized by a magnetic source in the form of a permanent magnet or electromagnet.

[0005] The present invention provides, an apparatus including one or more magnetizable bars (m-bars); one or more magnetic sources; a reaction vessel holder comprising an interface configured to hold one or more reaction vessels; wherein the at least one m-bar includes a first section and a second section, wherein the first section of the m-bar can be positioned adjacent to a reaction vessel and wherein the second section of each of the one or more m- bars is within a threshold distance, based on a magnetic field strength of the at least one of the one or more magnetic sources, to the at least one of the one or more magnetic sources. [0006] In one embodiment, each of the one or more magnetic sources is a permanent magnet or an electromagnet.

[0007] In one embodiment, the apparatus includes a power source, a reaction vessel cover, a housing, a magnetic shield, a magnetic flux guide, a thermal layer, an actuation mechanism, an actuation source, a casing, a spindle, a rotation disk or combinations thereof. In one embodiment, the apparatus includes one or more actuator sources configured to move some combination of the one or more m-bars and the one or more magnetic sources such that the at least one of the one or more m-bars is moved out of the threshold distance to at least one of the one or more magnetic sources.

[0008] In one embodiment, the housing comprises a magnetic shield, a thermal layer, an actuation mechanism and/or an actuation source. In one embodiment, the casing comprises a control interface, a screen, and/or a port to interface with a device. In one embodiment, the actuation mechanism comprises a gear or a belt. In one embodiment, the actuation mechanism comprises a hand crank, a motor or a piston. In one embodiment, the thermal layer heats or cools a reaction vessel. [0009] In one embodiment, magnetization of at least one of the one or more m-bars is decreased or removed.

[0010] In one embodiment, a magnetic field generated by at least one of the one or more magnetic sources decreases magnetization of at least one of the one or more m-bars.

[0011] In one embodiment, the casing comprises at least one of a control interface, a screen, or a port to interface with an external computing device.

[0012] In one embodiment, the actuation mechanism comprises at least one of a gear or a belt.

[0013] In one embodiment, the actuation mechanism comprises at least one of a hand crank, a motor, or a piston.

[0014] In one embodiment, the thermal layer is configured to change a temperature of a portion of the one or more reaction vessels.

[0015] In one embodiment, at least one of the one of the one or more magnetic sources is within the threshold distance of one of the one or more m-bars.

[0016] In one embodiment, the at least one m-bar is positioned between reaction vessels. In one embodiment, the magnetic source is applied individually to the at least one m-bar. In one embodiment, the apparatus includes at least a first m-bar and a second m-bar, wherein the first m- bar is positioned adjacent to a first side of a reaction vessel and the second m-bar is positioned adjacent to a second opposing side of the reaction vessel. In one embodiment, the first m-bar is magnetized and the second m-bar is not magnetized or has decreased magnetization relative to the first m-bar. In one embodiment, the second m-bar is magnetized, and the first m-bar is not magnetized or has decreased magnetization relative to the second m-bar. In one embodiment, the first and second m-bars are alternately magnetized or demagnetized in rapid succession. In one embodiment, the reaction vessel includes magnetic particles and the alternate magnetization and demagnetization of the first and second m-bar causes the magnetic particles to become suspended.

[0017] In one embodiment, the apparatus includes a plurality of m-bars. In one embodiment, the magnetic source is applied to a subset of m-bars. In one embodiment, the first section of the at least one m-bar is not magnetized or has low levels of magnetization, one magnet source pole to another pole.

[0018] In one embodiment, the one or more reaction vessels comprises at least two reaction vessels, and wherein the one or more m-bars comprises a first m-bar and a second m-bar, wherein the first m-bar is adjacent to a first side of a reaction vessel of the at least two reaction vessels and the second m-bar is adjacent to a second opposing side of the reaction vessel.

[0019] In one embodiment, the first m-bar is magnetized and the second m-bar has decreased magnetization relative to the first m-bar.

[0020] In one embodiment, the second m-bar is magnetized and the first m-bar has decreased magnetization relative to the second m-bar.

[0021] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method of separating a component of chemical, biological or biochemical reaction, by providing an apparatus including one or more magnetizable bars (m-bars); and one or more magnetic sources; wherein each of the one or more m-bars is configured with a first section and a second section relative to at least one of the one or more magnetic sources, wherein the first section of the each of the one or more m-bars is positioned adjacent to a reaction vessel, and wherein the second section of each of the one or more m-bars is within a threshold distance, based on a magnetic field strength of the at least one of the one or more magnetic sources, to the at least one of the one or more magnetic sources; binding the component of the chemical, biological or biochemical reaction in a reaction vessel with a least one magnetic particle; and separating the component of the of chemical, biological or biochemical reaction using the apparatus.

[0022] In one embodiment, the method includes removing reaction components not bound to magnetic particles. In one embodiment, the component comprises an antibody, cell, DNA, RNA or protein.

[0023] In one embodiment, the apparatus further includes a power source, a reaction vessel cover, a reaction vessel holder, a housing, a magnetic shield, a magnetic flux guide, a thermal layer, an actuation mechanism, an actuation source, a casing, a spindle, a rotation disk and combinations thereof.

[0024] In one embodiment, the magnetic source is applied individually to the at least one m- bar. In one embodiment, the magnetic source is applied such that the at least one m-bar decreases in magnetization or becomes demagnetized such that the at least one magnetic particle can be removed from the reaction vessel. In one embodiment, the apparatus includes at least a first m-bar and a second m-bar, wherein the first m-bar is positioned adjacent to a first side of a reaction vessel and the second m-bar is positioned adjacent to a second opposing side of the reaction vessel. In one embodiment, the first m-bar is magnetized, and the second m-bar is not magnetized or has decreased magnetization relative to the first m-bar. In one embodiment, the second m-bar is magnetized, and the first m-bar is not magnetized or has decreased magnetization relative to the second m-bar. In one embodiment, the first and second m-bars are alternately magnetized or demagnetized in rapid succession, wherein the first and second m-bars are not magnetized or demagnetized simultaneously. In one embodiment, the reaction vessel includes magnetic particles and the alternate magnetization and demagnetization of the first and second m-bar causes the magnetic particles to become suspended.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figures 1A and B shows front facing views of one possible implementation of the apparatus. Figure 1A shows the removable reaction vessel holder and cover. Figure IB show the apparatus with the removable reaction vessel holder and cover removed.

[0026] Figures 2A-G show different designs and geometries of the m-bars. Figure 2A shows one possible shape of an m-bar in the shape of a rectangular, square, or circular bar, extending between the reaction vessels and magnetized by a magnetic source. Figure 2B shows an m-bar designed to mitigate magnetic particles being attracted along the whole length of the m-bar within the reaction vessel. Figure 2C shows an m-bar with a larger base that can be in proximity to the magnetic source. Figure 2D shows m-bar with tapered sides at its base that may increase or decrease magnetization. Figure 2E shows an m-bar configuration. Figure 2F shows a single m-bar design that can be curved such that two of its sections are adjacent to a reaction vessel. Figure 2G shows a top view of an m-bar in between two reaction vessels.

[0027] Figures 3A-L shows the possible positions of the m-bars, magnetic source, and reaction vessel relative to one another and possible movements and orientations of the magnet sources with respect to the m-bars to magnetize or demagnetize the m-bars. Figure 3A shows magnetized m- bars by magnetic sources. Figure 3B shows the m-bar extending upwards away from the reaction vessel with the m-bars magnetized at the top by the magnetic source. Figure 3C shows a combination of the m-bars extending below and above the reaction vessel. Figure 3D shows an additional optional magnetic shield. Figure 3E shows a further implementation using electromagnets. Figure 3F shows the m-bars positioned sideways away from the reaction vessel. Figure 3G shows magnetization of the m-bar by a magnetic source by placing it in its proximity and orientating either of the magnetic poles directly towards it. Figure 3H shows the demagnetization or decreased magnetization of m-bars by turning the magnetic source on its own axis for neither of its poles to be directed at the m-bars. Figure 31 shows the demagnetization, alternating magnetization and magnetization of multiple m-bars by a single magnetic source. Figure 3J shows the demagnetization, alternating magnetization and magnetization of multiple m- bars with two magnetic sources. Figure 3K shows the magnetization and demagnetization of the m-bars, with a combination of magnetic sources. Figure 3L shows that the magnetic source may attract the magnetic particles in the reaction vessel directly.

[0028] Figures 4A-0 reaction vessels arranged in rows and columns with different spacings and magnet source arrangements. Figures 4 A, B, C, D, F, G, H, 1, J, K, L, M, N, O show example configurations for reaction vessels arranged in rows and columns with different spacings. Figure 4 E shows permanent magnets arranged as a Halbach array which increases the magnetic field strength on one side while minimizing it on the other, which can be used in example setups of Figure 4 H, I and J.

[0029] Figures 5A-H show titration plate views and configurations. Figures 5 A and B show an example of a titration plate from front and top facing views. Figures 5C and D show an example setup of a titration plate and m-bars from front and top facing views. Figures 5E and F show an example setup of a 96 well titration plate, m-bars and magnetic sources from front and top facing views. Figures 5G and H show an example setup of a 96 well titration plate, m-bars, magnetic sources and magnetic flux guides from front and top facing views.

[0030] Figures 6A-D show a top view of a titration plate and different m-bars and their positioning. Figure 6A shows a setup of two m-bars per reaction vessel, with each m-bar on opposite sides of each reaction vessel. Figure 6B shows a setup of m-bars 3 within a titration plate but with m-bars placed into the gaps of the setup in Figure 6A. Figure 6C shows a setup of four m-bars per reaction vessel allowing for additional positional control of magnetic particles in reaction vessel depending on which m-bars are magnetized. Figure 6D shows blocks of m-bars between either each row or column of the reaction vessels 2 in a titration plate.

[0031] Figures 7A-E show possible orientations of the magnetic sources. Figure 7A shows the magnetic source orientations to demagnetize or lower magnetization of all m-bars in the magnetization layer. Figure 7 B shows the same magnetic source orientation and additional optional magnetic flux guides. Figure 7C shows the orientation of the magnetic source to magnetize every other m-bar such that magnetic particles are attracted to only one side of each reaction vessel in a titration plate. Figure 7D shows the orientation of the magnetic sources such that the m-bars previously demagnetized in Figure 7C are now magnetized and the opposing m- bars are now demagnetized. Figure 7E shows arbitrary orientations of the magnetic source and different strengths of magnetization of the m-bars. [0032] Figures 8A-G show m-bar magnetization with additional magnetic sources to further increase the magnetization of the m-bars. Figure 8A shows an m-bar configuration where all the m-bars are demagnetized, with no attraction of the magnetic particles to the m-bars. Figure 8B shows an m-bar configuration but with an additional magnetic flux guide 20. Figure 8C shows an m-bar configuration where m-bar subgroup 1 is magnetized. Figure 8D shows a configuration where m-bar subgroup 1 is demagnetized and m-bar subgroup 2 is magnetized instead. Figure 8E shows an additional magnetic source orientation where all m- bars are magnetized. Figures 8F and 8G show the magnetic sources orientated in multiple Halbach arrays to only magnetize every other diagonal row of m-bars.

[0033] Figures 9A-F show grouping of the magnetization sources into different subgroups to be actuated in parallel. Figure 9A shows an m-bar configuration where all m-bars are magnetized. Figure 9B shows the rotation of the permanent magnets from magnet subgroup 1 by 45 degrees counterclockwise and rotating the permanent magnets from magnet subgroup 2 also by 45 degrees counterclockwise to demagnetize all m-bars. Figure 9C shows an m-bar configuration where m-bar subgroup 1 is magnetized by rotating magnet subgroup 1 by 90 degrees clockwise and rotating magnet subgroups 2 by 180 degrees when starting from the configuration in Figure 9A. Figure 9D shows an m-bar configuration where m-bar subgroup 1 is demagnetized and m-bar subgroup 2 is magnetized by rotating magnet subgroup 2 by 90 degrees clockwise when starting from the configuration in Figure 9A. Figure 9F describes further rotation patterns of magnet subgroups and m-bar subgroups to magnetize every other diagonal m-bars. Figure 9E describes further rotation patterns of magnet subgroups and m- bar subgroups to magnetize every other diagonal m-bars that were not magnetized in Figure 9E.

[0034] Figures 10A-E show example mechanisms to actuate magnet sources. Figure 10A shows a magnet subgroup, where each magnet source can be suspended on a rotatable drive shaft that can be connected to a gear. Figure 10B shows a magnet subgroup, where each magnet source can be suspended on a rotatable drive shaft that can be connected to a belt. Figure 10C shows a magnet subgroup, where each magnet source can be suspended on a rotatable drive shaft that can be connected to a gear where the gears of each magnet source are directly connected to one another. Figure 10D shows the actuation of multiple magnetic subgroups, each with a single actuation source. Figure 10E shows a mechanism to actuate multiple magnet subgroups with a single actuation source.

[0035] Figure 11 shows an image of the apparatus with a removable titration plate. [0036] Figures 12A-B show magnetized m-bars. Figure 12A shows an image of a magnetized m-bar next to a reaction vessel within a titration plate. Magnetic particles within the reaction vessel are attracted to the m-bar. Figure 12B shows an image of the magnetized m-bar opposing the m- bar in Figure 12A across the reaction vessel.

[0037] Figures 13A-B show images of the apparatus. Figure 13 A shows an image of the apparatus with the titration plate removed and instead with a removable reaction vessel holder on top. Figure 13 B shows an image of the apparatus without any titration plate, reaction vessel holder or reaction vessels.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0038] The invention relates to a device to allow for the suspension, mixing and immobilization of magnetic particles in at least one reaction vessel by a single or plurality of magnetizable bars (m-bars). Each bar can be magnetized by a magnetic source in the form of a permanent magnet or electromagnet.

[0039] Before the present compositions and methods are described, it is to be understood that this invention is not limited to particular compositions, methods, and experimental conditions described, as such compositions, methods, and conditions may vary . It is also to be understood that the terminology used herein is for purposes of describing particular embodiments only, and is not intended to be limiting, since the scope of the present invention will be limited only in the appended claims.

[0040] As used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a”, “an”, and “the” include plural references unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, references to “the method” includes one or more methods, and/or steps of the type described herein which will become apparent to those persons skilled in the art upon reading this disclosure and so forth.

[0041] It should be noted that the terms “including” and “comprising” should be interpreted as meaning “including, but not limited to”. If not already set forth explicitly in the claims, the term “a” should be interpreted as “at least one” and “the”, “said”, etc. should be interpreted as “the at least one”, “said at least one”, etc. Furthermore, it is the Applicant's intent that only claims that include the express language "means for" or "step for" be interpreted under 35 U.S.C. 112(f). Claims that do not expressly include the phrase "means for" or "step for" are not to be interpreted under 35 U.S.C. 112(f).

[0042] All publications, patents, and patent applications mentioned in this specification are herein incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each individual publication, patent, or patent application was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference.

[0043] Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the invention, it will be understood that modifications and variations are encompassed within the spirit and scope of the instant disclosure. The preferred methods and materials are now described.

OVERVIEW

[0044] Figure 1 provides an example overview of the apparatus. One implementation of the device may feature an optional reaction vessel cover 1 that can be placed over the reaction vessels 2. One or more reaction vessels 2 may be inserted into the device and are removable and may sit within an optional removable reaction vessel holder 4. Reaction vessels 2 may be placed individually or as a plurality (e g., reaction vessel strips or in titration plate format) onto the device directly or a customized reaction vessel holder 4. The reaction vessels 2 may contain liquid 5, or magnetic particles 17 or a combination of both or other solid substances. The reaction vessels are placed in- between magnetizable bars 3 (m-bars) such that at least one section of m-bar 3 can be on two opposing sides of a reaction vessel 2. The m-bars 3 are removable and can be onented in any configuration. The m-bars 3 do not have to be equally spaced.

[0045] The m-bars 3 extend away from the reaction vessels to be in proximity of a magnetic source 6 that can be housed in an optional housing 9. The housing 9 may contain several device mechanisms and components. The device mechanisms and components may also be placed at positions outside of housing 9. The housing 9 may contain an optional magnetic shield 18 that prevents attraction of magnetic beads 17 in reaction vessel 2 directly to the magnetic source 6 and can be positioned between the magnetic source and the rection vessels. The housing 9 may contain an optional thermal layer 7 that allows for temperature regulation of the reaction vessel 2 and can be placed in the proximity of the reaction vessels 2. The device contains at least one magnetic source 6 that may be contained within the housing 9. The magnetic source 6 must allow for the magnetization of at least one m-bar 3 such that magnetic particles 16 can be attracted to one side of a reaction vessel and by different positioning of the magnetic source 6 relative to the m-bar be atracted to an opposing side of the reaction vessel 2. The m-bar 3 can be positioned within a threshold distance of the magnetic source 6, based on the magnetic field strength of the magnetic source 6. The magnetic source 6 may be a permanent magnet that can magnetize m-bars through its placement using an optional actuation mechanism 8. The actuation mechanism may be contained within housing 9. The magnetic source 6 may be an electromagnet that can be turned off or on. The electromagnet may be positioned using the actuation mechanism 8. The actuation mechanism 8 may be any mechanism that allows for the movement of the magnetic source 6 with respect to the m-bars 3 in a defined pattern such as gears or belts (e.g., translation, rotation, or a combination thereof). The housing 9 may be placed on a movable setup such that it can shake and cause the reaction vessels 2 to shake with it. As a result, the reaction vessels 2 can be agitated, which may exclude agitation of the housing 9 if using a different implementation. Agitation of the reaction vessels 2 can be optional. An example implementation is shown where the housing 9 is placed onto spindles 11 that are offset on disk 12. The disks 12 can rotate freely about its center which is connected to the casing 10 or actuation source 13.

[0046] The actuation mechanism 8 can be actuated by an optional actuation source 14 that may optionally be within the housing 9, a casing 10 or outside the apparatus. The actuation source 14 may be a motor or a manual implementation for a user to operate by hand. The actuation source 14 may be multiple motors or multiple manual implementations. An optional additional actuation source 13 may provide movement to the reaction vessels, allowing for them to shake, rotate, tilt, or translate in space or a combination thereof. The actuation source 13 may be contained within casing 10 and may connect to the housing 9 which in turn connects to the m-bars 3 and reaction vessels 2 either directly or through a reaction vessel holder 4. Hence actuation source 13 may actuate the reaction vessels 2 if actuating housing 9 then the reaction vessel 2 are also actuated. Actuation source 13 may be a motor, piston or other or a manual implementation and provide shaking of the reaction vessels by rotating a disk 12 that can be connected to housing 9 via an offset spindle 11, causing circular motion, many other commonly known mechanisms may be implemented as an alternative.

[0047] The casing 10 may have an optional control interface 15 to configure the device, to turn it on or off and set the speed for actuation of reaction vessels 2, magnetization of m-bars 3, actuation of magnetic sources 6, turning off and on of electromagnets, and setting temperature. The human interface 15 may have a screen to visualize the settings and buttons and or dials to change settings. The casing 10 may contain electronics and sensors to monitor and program the device. The casing 10 may have an optional port 16 that allows for interfacing of the device with a computer that may remote control it or supervise it or monitor its function. The device may be portable, integrable into a liquid handling robot, battery operated and or feature a power supply. The device may have feet to allow for its secure positioning or an adapter to fit into predefined slots on a bench or liquid handling robot or other. The device may have an on or off switch. The device may be fully manual and not require electricity or a combination of both or fully electric or automated by other sources such as pressurized air to facilitate actuation among others.

DEVICE COMPONENT MATERIALS

[0048] Reaction vessels 2 may be made from plastic or glass but any other material that can be shaped into a vessel that doesn’t interfere with apparatuses function may also be usable. Reaction vessels 2 come in many different sizes but generally may be found in a laboratory to hold volumes from the nanoliter up to the high milliliter range but may not be limited to these. Reaction vessels 2 come as individual vessels or connected to one another in a row as reaction vessel strips or in rows and columns as titration plates. Spacing between each reaction vessel 2 may be arbitrary but a common format can be 9mm spacing from center to center for either eight or twelve reaction vessels in a row for a reaction vessel strip or common 96 well titration plate. Titration plates may come in commonly available sizes of 96 wells, 384 wells, or 1536 wells but are not limited to such. The overall size that the reaction vessels span in rows and columns of each commonly available titration plate can be commonly approximately within 63mm to 71mm in width and 99mm to 108mm in length while being variable in height to account for different volumes. To maintain overall size, spacing between reaction vessels for titration plates with more wells can be adjusted, such that reaction vessel spacing for 96 wells can be 9mm, reaction vessel spacing for 384 wells can be 4.5mm and 1536 wells can be 2.25mm. Spacing and volumes of individual reaction vessels 2 or in strips or titration plates can be highly variable, but general dimension are provided here. It is understood that the device can be not limited to any particular reaction vessel size, spacing or volume. The device may hold several reaction vessels, reaction vessel strips and titration plates at the same time. All reaction vessels 2 may be actuated by an optional actuation source 13.

[0049] The m-bars 3 are made from a material that readily magnetizes but loses its magnetization once an external magnetic field is removed. These properties may be summarized as a material with high magnetic permeability and low magnetic coercivity. High magnetic permeability allows for magnetization and of the m-bars 3 and redirecting of a magnetic field. Low magnetic coercivity allows for the ready demagnetization or decrease in magnetization once an external magnetic field is removed. Common materials that exhibit these properties include, but are not limited to, soft iron, mu metal or some steels. It may additionally be beneficial for the material to have low electrical conductivity, this is optional. When a magnetic source 6 moves with respect to an electrically conductive material such as for example soft iron, an electrical current is generated commonly termed eddy currents. These currents in turn generate another magnetic field that opposes the magnetic field of the magnetic source 6 and hence generates a force that opposes the movement of the magnetic source 6. This force may simply be overcome by sufficient force of moving the magnetic source 6 or decreasing the movement speed of the magnetic source 6 or a combination of both. Alternatively, making the m-bars 3 out of low electrically conductive material in addition to its other properties will result in the mitigation or decrease of eddy currents. Examples of such materials are ferrites and silicon steel but not limited to such. An m-bar 3 may be made up of a single or plurality of the materials with properties listed here.

[0050] Alternatively, or additionally, a degaussing system may be included to remote the magnetic field from the m-bars 3.

[0051] The reaction vessel holder 4 can be optional and/or removable and may be used to hold individual reaction vessels and secure them with respect to the m-bars 3. The reaction vessel holder 4 may be made from plastic to simply provide a suitable shape for reaction vessels 2 to be situated in but many other materials may provide the same functionality, ft may be advantageous to have the internal material of the reaction vessel holder made out of a thermally conductive material such that the thermal layer 7 can control the temperature of the reaction vessels 2 through thermal conduction. Alternatively, a hollow reaction vessel holder 4 may provide space for gas or liquid flow to allow for temperature control of the reaction vessel 2 utilizing thermal convection. The reaction vessel holder 4 may have differently sized receptacles to accommodate differently sized reaction vessels 2 within the same reaction vessel holder 4. Reaction vessel holder 4 may have an electronic signature or indicator that can be detected by a sensor within the apparatus to automatically detect the type of reaction vessel holder 4 used.

[0052] The thermal layer 7 provides temperature regulation to the reaction vessels 2 as may be desired for temperature sensitive samples within the reaction vessels. The thermal layer 7 may provide temperature regulation in many different ways, such as actively through for example a Peltier heater and cooler or passively through for example dry ice or a hot liquid that can be replenished or a combination of both active and passive methods. Many other common methods for temperature control exist and may be suitable here. The thermal layer 7 may regulate temperature of the reaction vessels 2 by being placed in their proximity or from a distance by using thermal conduction, radiation or convection or a combination of all. Thermal conduction may be achieved by placing a thermally conductive material in between the thermal layer 7 and the reaction vessels 2 (e.g., aluminum, copper, or other materials with high thermal conduction, or a combination thereof). Thermal radiation is most suitable for heating of the reaction vessels 2 and can be achieved through the use of for example infra-red light from the thermal layer 7 towards the reaction vessels 2 with many other methods known in the art. Thermal convection may be achieved by passing a gas or liquid over the thermal layer 7 and directing it towards the reaction vessels 2. Thermal convection may require an additional gas or liquid actuation source most commonly in the form of a pump or fan but not limited to either or their combination. Optional electronic or analog thermometers may provide temperature feedback to the device or user about device and reaction vessel 2 temperature.

[0053] The actuation mechanism 8 may be optional if using electromagnets as a magnetic source 6. The actuation mechanism is any mechanisms that may allow for the movement and orientation of the magnetic source 6 with respect to the m-bars 3, to either magnetize, decrease magnetization or demagnetize the m-bars 3. The actuation mechanism may allow to position each magnetic source 6 individually, in groups or all together. The actuation mechanism 8 may be a piston that pushes the magnetic sources 6, a spindle connected to a gear that rotates the magnetic source 6 about an m-bar 3 or about its own center or a combination of different actuation mechanisms and movements. The actuation mechanism 8 may be powered manually (e.g., by hand) or by an actuation source 14 or combination thereof.

[0054] The magnetic source 6 may be one or more of permanent magnets or electromagnets or a combination of both. Each magnetic source 6 may be available in an arbitrary shape and chosen based on the most suitable form for the apparatus. Each magnetic source 6 has two poles, north and south, indicated by an arrow with north pointing towards south. Permanent magnets may be made out of many different materials and compositions that are able to maintain a magnetic field, of particular usefulness may be rare-earth magnets such as samarium-cobalt or neodymium-iron- boron due to their strength but many other ty pes are available and may be used or any may be used in combination with others. Samarium-cobalt magnets have the additional benefit of not permanently demagnetizing at higher temperatures that may be required here. Permanent magnets are commonly available in square, rectangular, cylindrical, elliptical, spherical and many other shapes and may have through holes for ease of securing them and actuating them as may be advantageous for the apparatus. Permanent magnets may have the same shape but different magnetizations, meaning for example that a cylindrical permanent magnet may be magnetized axially with the magnetic poles on either of its flat sides or diametrically with both of its poles on the round face. Different, types, shapes and magnetizations of permanent magnets may be used in the same apparatus.

Electromagnets generate a magnetic field perpendicular to an electrical current flow, turning the current off removes the magnetic field. A common shape of an electromagnet may be a solenoid, where conductive wire is wound around a core multiple times. The core can be vacuum, gas, air, magnetizable material or other material known in the art. With more windings, the strength of the generated magnetic field can be increased, assuming the same current flow. An electromagnet, similarly to a permanent magnet, has magnetic poles that can be indicated by an arrow, as described above. The advantage of an electromagnet over a permanent magnet can be that the electromagnet’s strength may be regulated by changing the electrical current flow without requiring moving parts. This stands in contrast to permanent magnets that cannot be turned off unless permanently demagnetizing them. To decrease the magnetic field of a permanent magnet with respect to a target such as the m-bars 3 or reaction vessels 2 may require magnetic shielding 18, magnetic flux guides 20, reorientation, rearrangement in specific patterns with other permanent magnets, or movement away from the target. In contrast permanent magnets can deliver a stronger magnetic field within a confined space, where electromagnets require many more windings or higher electrical currents to achieve the same. Electromagnets furthermore are hazardous when requiring higher electrical currents, require excessive energy and generate heat that may be deleterious to often temperature sensitive samples contained within the reaction vessels 2. Either of the magnetic source types may be chosen individually or in combination.

[0055] The actuation source 14 may be optional if an actuation mechanism 8 is not used but may also directly actuate the magnetic source 6. Actuating the magnetic source 6 can also be optional if the magnetic source 6 are electromagnets as the electromagnets may be turned off without any movement. The actuation source 14 actuates the actuation mechanism 8. The actuation mechanism 8 may be manually powered (e.g., by hand using a single or plurality of cranks). Alternatively, the actuation mechanism includes a single or plurality of motors, pistons or other common actuation sources. Actuation source 14 may be a combination of manual and other actuation sources. In one configuration the m-bars 3 are moved instead of the magnetic sources 6. It is understood that actuation source 14 results in relative motion of magnetic source 6 and m-bars 3 either directly or using an actuation mechanism 8. [0056] The actuation source 13 actuates the reaction vessels 2. The actuation source 13 may be powered manually (e.g., by hand using a single or plurality of cranks). Alternatively, the actuation source 13 may be a single or plurality of motors, pistons or other common actuation sources or combination of manual and non-manual sources. Actuation source 13 may be a combination of manual and other actuation sources. Actuation source 13 may result in any type of motion of the reaction vessels 2. Common patterns but not limited to these may be, circular motion, up and down movement, side to side movement, tilting or a combination or any other arbitrary motion that can agitate the reaction vessels 2. Here an example motion is implemented using a rotation disk 12 with an off-set spindle that allows for circular motion of the reaction vessels 2. The actuation source 13 and components 11 and 12 are optional and dependent on the need to agitate the reaction vessels.

[0057] Magnetic particles 17 are a commonly used tool within the biological and chemical research space. Magnetic particles 17 are commonly made of magnetizable materials such as iron- oxide, meaning they magnetize in an external magnetic field but may also be made out of other materials intrinsically magnetic or a combination of both. Dimensions of the magnetic particles 17 may vary but are about 0.05 to 500 micrometers. The magnetic particles can be coated with different chemicals that allow for them to bind components of interest such as antibodies, cells, DNA, RNA, proteins, amino acids and many others. The component of interest can be found in a liquid 5 with other components that are considered contaminants generally. Alternatively magnetic particles 17 may bind the contaminants and leave the compound of interest in liquid 5. The goal can be to use the magnetic particles 17 to purify the compounds of interest and separate them from the contaminants. Furthermore, once separated, further processing of the compound may be performed while bound to the magnetic particles 17 until it can be removed from the magnetic particles. Processing of the magnetic particles 17 may be performed in the apparatus. The device allows for the processing of the magnetic particles 17 by immobilizing them, moving them through the liquid 5 or reaction vessel 2 and by suspending them in the liquid 5 or reaction vessel 2. [0058] A magnetic shield 18 is optional and may be used to decrease the effect of the magnetic source 6 directly onto the magnetic beads 17. The magnetic shielding 18 may be made out of a material that readily magnetizes but loses its magnetization once an external magnetic field is removed. These properties may be summarized as a material with high magnetic permeability and low magnetic coercivity. High magnetic permeability allows for magnetization of the magnetic shield 18 and the redirecting of a magnetic field. Low magnetic coercivity allows for the ready demagnetization or decrease in magnetization once an external magnetic field is removed. Common materials that exhibit these properties may be soft iron, mu metal or some steels but not limited to these materials. It may additionally be beneficial for the material to have low electrical conductivity, this is optional. When a magnetic source 6 moves with respect to an electrically conductive material such as for example soft iron, an electrical current is generated commonly termed eddy currents. These currents in turn generate another magnetic field that opposes the magnetic field of the magnetic source 6 and hence generates a force that opposes the movement of the magnetic source 6. This force may simply be overcome by sufficient force for moving the magnetic source 6 or decreasing the movement speed of the magnetic source 6 or a combination of both. Alternatively making the magnetic shielding 18 out of low electrical conductive material in addition to its other properties will result in the mitigation or decrease of eddy currents. Examples of such materials are ferrites and silicon steel but not limited to such. Materials with these properties may amplify or shield a magnetic source 6 with respect to a target such as the magnetic particles 17 in the reaction vessel 2, depending on the magnetic shielding thickness and geometry. Sufficient shielding can be achieved if the material is thick enough to not exceed saturation and hence can redirect the majority of the magnetic field generated by the magnetic source away from the target. If the shielding is insufficient then the magnetic field may be redirected but furthermore extends beyond the shielding. Magnetic Shielding may be made up of a single or plurality of the materials with properties listed here. [0059] A magnetic flux guide 20 is optional and may be used to redirect the magnetic field of the magnetic source 6 away from the m-bars 3 when aiming to demagnetize or decrease magnetization of the m-bars 3. Magnetic flux describes the magnetic field through an area, a type of magnetic field density measure. The magnetic flux guide 20 can be made from a material that readily magnetizes but loses its magnetization once an external magnetic field is removed. These properties may be summarized as a material with high magnetic permeability and low magnetic coercivity. High magnetic permeability allows for the magnetization of the magnetic flux guide 20 and the redirecting of a magnetic field. Low magnetic coercivity allows for the ready demagnetization once an external magnetic field is removed. Common materials that exhibit these properties may be soft iron, mu metal or some steels but not limited to these materials. It may additionally be beneficial for the material to have low electrical conductivity, this is optional. When a magnetic source 6 moves with respect to an electrically conductive material such as for example soft iron, an electrical current is generated commonly termed eddy currents. These currents in turn generate another magnetic field that opposes the magnetic field of the magnetic source 6 and hence generates a force that opposes the movement of the magnetic source 6. This force may simply be overcome Insufficient force for moving the magnetic source 6 or decreasing the movement speed of the magnetic source 6 or a combination of both. Alternatively making the magnetic flux guide 20 optionally out of low electrically conductive material in addition to its other properties will result in the mitigation or decrease of eddy currents. Examples of such materials are ferrites and silicon steel but not limited to such. A magnetic flux guide works by redirecting the magnetic field of a magnetic source 6 along its material and hence it is placed in such a way to redirect the magnetic field lines from one magnetic pole to another of a magnetic source 6. A magnetic flux guide 20 may be made up of a single or plurality of different materials with properties listed here. A magnetic flux guide 20 may have several individual pieces, each redirecting the magnetic field from one magnetic pole to another.

DEVICE FIGURE:

[0060] Figure 1 A shows an implementation of the device but it is understood that many more variations are possible although not described here. An optional removable cover 1 may be placed over the reaction vessels 2 to allow for ease of maintaining the temperature or securing the reaction vessels 2. Shown are the removable reaction vessels 2 that may be a titration plate or part of a titration plate, as tube strips or individual vessels. The reaction vessels 2 may hold magnetic particles 17 and liquid 5 or a combination thereof. The vessels are positioned in-between the magnetizable bars (m-bars) 3 and may be positioned at variable heights with respect to the m-bars 3. The m-bars 3 may be removable or fixed to the device. One method for adjusting the reaction vessel height relative to the m-bars 3 may be through the use of an optional reaction vessel holder 4 that can adjust its height, secures the reaction vessels relative to the m-bars 3 and may provide an enclosure for the m-bars 3 and reaction vessels 2. The reaction vessel holder 4 may be made out of plastic, it may also be advantageous to be internally out of material with high thermal conductivity such as aluminum while on the outside it may be coated with a low thermal conductive material such as common plastics to maintain a desired temperate for the inserted reaction vessels 2 via the thermal layer 7. The reaction vessel holder 4 can be removable and/or optional. The thermal layer 7 provides heating or cooling to the reaction vessels by known cooling or heating mechanisms most applicable being a Peltier cooler and heater, passive mechanisms may also be considered by filling the thermal layer 7 with dry ice or a hot liquid. The thermal layer 7 may be positioned away from the reaction vessels 2 as long as it can regulate temperature in the reaction vessels 2. Heating and cooling may be achieved from a distance by conduction through the placement of thermally conductive material between reaction vessel 2 and thermal layer 7 or through convection where air or other liquid or gas may be cooled or heated and directed towards the reaction vessel with a fan or other pump.

[0061] The m-bars 3 can be individually magnetized, magnetized in predetermined patterns, magnetized to different strength or all either magnetized and demagnetized. M-bars 3 extend away from the reaction vessel to be in proximity of a single or plurality of magnetic sources 6. The magnetic sources 6 may be a permanent magnet or electromagnet or a combination of both. If the magnetic sources 6 is a permanent magnet, it can magnetize or demagnetize the m-bars 3 by orientating, rotating and translating it with respect to the m-bars 3. If the magnetic sources 6 is an electromagnet, it can magnetize or demagnetize the m-bars 3 by orientating, rotating and translating it with respect to the m-bars 3 while also being turned off or on. The effect of the magnetic source 6 directly affecting the magnetic particles 17 in the reaction vessel 2 can be mitigated by their distance to the reaction vessel 2. In addition, an optional magnetic shield 18 may be placed in between the reaction vessels 2 and the magnetic source 6 such that only the magnetized m-bars 3 have an effect on the magnetic particles 17 in the reaction vessel 2. The magnetic source 6 is actuated by an actuation mechanism 8 such as gears and belts or any other suitable mechanism that orientates and moves the magnetic source 6 relative to the m-bars 3 to selectively magnetize or demagnetize the m-bars 3. The actuation mechanism 8 may be powered by a single or plurality of actuation sources 14 such as motors, hydraulic pistons or other, allowing the magnetic sources 6 to be individually actuated or in groups. The magnetic sources 6 and actuation mechanism 8 may be housed within an optional housing 9. The reaction vessels 2 can be non-magnetically actuated by an additional actuation source 13 and example mechanism using a spindle 11 offset on a disk 12, that allows for agitation of the liquid 5 and magnetic particles 17 within the reaction vessel 2 by shaking of the reaction vessels. The shaking motion may be any translation in any of the three dimensions for example but not limited to rotation, side-to-side movement, up and down movement, tilting or combination thereof. One implementation of such an actuation mechanism is shown where the reaction vessels and optional housing 9 are suspended on a spindle 11 that is offset on a rotation disk 12. The rotation disk 12 is actuated by the actuation source 13 causing the reaction vessel 2 to move in a circular motion. The actuation sources 13 and 14 may be housed within a casing 10. The casing 10 and general device dimensions may be such that it can be integrated into a liquid handling robot. The device may be externally powered or battery powered or manually powered. The device may be portable and movable. The device may have an interface 15. The interface 15 may be an LCD screen with buttons, to allow a human operator to set temperature, shaking speed and magnetic actuation configuration and speed. The device may also have a port 16 to interface with a computer and allow for external programming and control. The device may have a power supply port or battery or a combination of both. The device may be completely manually operated without a power source.

[0062] Figure IB shows the apparatus with the cover 1 and reaction vessel holder 4 removed and using a titration plate 22 and individual reaction vessels 2.

M-BAR

[0063] Figure 2 shows potential m-bar 3 designs but are not limited to the ones shown. An m- bar 3 can be made of a material that magnetizes in the presence of a magnetic source 6 but loses its magnetization once the magnetic source 6 is removed. Figure 2A shows an m-bar 3 in the shape of a rectangular, square, oval, or circular bar or combination or any other shape that allows for one section to extend between the reaction vessels 2 and another section with a magnetic source 6 applied to it. Here applied may mean that the magnetic source 6 magnetizes or demagnetizes the first section of the m-bar by being placed or orientated with respect to the second section of the m- bar in such a way to cause magnetization or demagnetization. Magnetic particles 17 are attracted along the reaction vessel wall closest to the m-bar 3. In Figure 2B an m-bar design is shown to mitigate magnetic particles 17 being attracted along the whole length of the m-bar 3 within the reaction vessel 2. To achieve this, the m-bar 3 may have a tapered design to minimize the attraction of the magnetic particles 17 towards this section of the m-bar, where the m-bar has an increased distance to the reaction vessel 2. The magnetic particles 17 are instead attracted to the section of the m-bar 3 in closest proximity to the reaction vessel 2. This allows for positioning of the magnetic particles 17 within the reaction vessel 2. Figure 2C shows a further variation of m-bar 3. The m-bar 3 can feature a larger base that is in proximity to the magnetic source 6. The larger base may allow for stronger or weaker magnetization of the m-bar 3 depending on the strength of the magnetic source 6 and its relative size to the m-bar 3 many further size variations may be possible. Figure 2D shows an additional variation of the m-bar 3 with tapered sides at its base that may increase or decrease m-bar 3 magnetization depending on relative size to the magnetic source 6. Figure 2E shows that different m-bar 3 designs, but not limited to the ones shown, can be used in the same setup. Figure 2F shows a single m-bar design that is curved such that two of its sections are adjacent to a reaction vessel. Positioning and orientation of the magnetic source 6 with respect to the m-bar 3 may determine to which section of the m-bar 3 magnetic beads 17 are attracted to in the reaction vessel 2. Figure 2G shows an m-bar 3 from a top view, in between two reaction vessels 2. The m-bar 3 may be curved around the reaction vessels 2 to allow for a larger surface of attraction for the magnetic particles 17 in reaction vessel 2, the reverse may also be possible. Any combination and variation of the m-bar 3 features outlined above may be possible and beyond the ones shown. An individual m-bar 3 must have at least a first section that is next to at least one reaction vessel and a second section where at least one magnetic source may be applied. Here applied may mean that the magnetic source 6 magnetizes or demagnetizes the first section of the m-bar by being placed or orientated with respect to the second section of the m-bar in such a way to cause magnetization or demagnetization. Here applying a magnetic source 6 to a section of the m-bar 3 means that it is positioned and orientated towards that section such that it causes magnetization. Disengaging a magnetic source 6, means that it is moved away, reorientated, or turned off in any other way such that the first m-bar section doesn’t magnetize or decreases in magnetization. Section one and section two may be the same but for the implementation of this device the second section where the magnetic source is applied extends away from the reaction vessels such that there is more space to apply the magnetic source 6 and the magnetic source 6 may not directly attract the magnetic particles 17 in the reaction vessel 2.

M-BAR POSITIONING

[0064] Figure 3 shows possible m-bar magnetization arrangements but are not limited to these. Figure 3A shows magnetized m-bars 3 by magnetic sources 6. The greatest magnetization of the m-bars 3 is achieved by pointing the magnetic source 6 directly at or away from the m-bars. The m-bar 3 has a section adjacent to the reaction vessel 2 with another section exiting away from the reaction vessel 2 and here adjacent to the magnetic source 6. In Figure 3B another implementation is shown where the m-bar extends upwards away from the reaction vessel with the m-bar 3 magnetized at the top by the magnetic source 6. Figure 3C shows a combination of the m-bars 3 extending below and above the reaction vessel. Figure 3D shows an additional optional magnetic shield 18, to further mitigate the magnetic attraction of the magnetic source 6 directly onto the magnetic particles 17 in the reaction vessel 2. The magnetic shield 18 may be positioned anywhere between the magnetic source 6 and the reaction vessel 2 and may also be split up. Figure 3E shows a further implementation using electromagnets. Here a solenoid 6 is wound around each m-bar and either magnetizing the m-bar 3 when turned on or demagnetizing the m-bar 3 when turned off. The direction of the magnetic poles for the electromagnet is perpendicular to the circular wires and may point in either direction depending on the electrical current flow direction through the wires. Figure 3F shows a further implementation where the m-bars 3 are positioned sideways away from the reaction vessel. Any of the above implementations may work with both electromagnets and permanent magnets as magnetic sources 6. Figure 3G shows another magnetization of the m-bar 3 by a magnetic source 6 by placing it in its proximity and orientating either of the magnetic poles directly towards it. Magnetic poles of the magnetic source 6 are indicated by the start of the arrow or the end of the arrow. It is convention to have the magnetic north pole at the start of the arrow and the magnetic south pole at the end of the arrow (where the arrow points towards). Here the opposing m-bar 3 is demagnetized by moving the magnetic source away from the m-bar. M-bars can be demagnetized, or magnetization can be decreased by translating the magnetic source 6 into any direction, away from the m-bar 3. Figure 3H shows the demagnetization or decrease in magnetization of m-bar 3 by turning the magnetic source on its own axis for neither of its poles to be directed at the m-bars. The m-bars 3 may still be weakly magnetized but less magnetized as compared to when a magnet pole is directly pointed towards the m-bar as was shown in Figure 3 A. The magnetic source 6 may be a permanent magnet in the shape of a cylinder, with its poles on its round faces, termed a diametrical permanent magnet. The cylindrical shape allows for easy rotation about its axis while maintaining a constant distance to the m-bar 3. Many alternative permanent magnet shapes are possible as previously listed but not limited to. Figure 31 shows the demagnetization, alternating magnetization and magnetization of multiple m-bars 3 by a single magnetic source, by either translating or rotating the magnetic source 6 relative to each m-bar. Figure 3J shows the same concept with two magnetic sources. Figure 3K shows the magnetization and demagnetization of the m-bars 3, with a combination of magnetic sources 6 such as an electromagnet and permanent magnet and their relative motion to the m-bars or by being turned off or on. Figure 3L shows another configuration where the magnetic source 6 may attract the magnetic particles 17 in the reaction vessel 2 directly without using the m-bars. This may be done by placing the magnetic source 6 in the proximity of the reaction vessel 2 such as at its base but not limited to this location. This may be desirable for some arrangements. Figure 3 illustrates a broad variety of magnetic sources 6 and m-bar 3 placements with respect to reaction vessels 2. It is understood that it is not limited to the ones shown with many more possibilities through arbitrary rotations and other placements. MAGNETIC BEAD ACTUATION FOR REACTION VESSELS IN ROWS AND COLUMNS

[0065] Figure 4 shows the agitation of magnetic particles 17 in reaction vessels 2 arranged in rows and columns such as is common for multiple strips of reaction vessels but not limited to these. Figure 4A shows one such possible top view of reaction vessels 2 arranged in rows and columns interleaved by m- bars 3 and adjacent to shorter m-bars 3. In a first configuration the magnetic source 6 is positioned and onentated in such a way to demagnetize all m-bars 3 for no attraction to occur to the magnetic particles 17. Figure 4B shows a second configuration but with the magnetic source 6 orientated towards and positioned next to every other m-bar 3, labelled m-bar subgroup 1 and magnetizing it. This attracts the magnetic particles 17 towards the reaction vessel side in proximity to or in contact with m-bar subgroup 1. In Figure 4C a third configuration positions the magnetic source 6 on the opposing m-bars, labelled m-bar subgroup 2 that was previously demagnetized in configuration two. In the third configuration m-bar subgroup 2 is magnetized and hence causes the magnetic particles 17 to travel to the other side of each reaction vessel and through liquid if present. Continued and rapid switching between configuration two and configuration three may suspend magnetic particles 17 within liquid 5 if present within the reaction vessel 2. Suspending magnetic particles 17 within the liquid 5 may require timed and continued switching between configuration two and configuration three that may be dependent on many factors such as liquid 5 viscosity , m- bar magnetization and demagnetization and magnetic particles 27 size or a combination of all or others not listed. In Figure 4D a fourth configuration is shown where the magnetic source 6 is positioned next to m-bar subgroup 3 and orientated in such a way to magnetize them. This allows magnetic particles 17 to be positioned at the same reaction vessel side within each reaction vessel column or row.

[0066] [0053] Figure 4E shows a Halbach array 21, which is the orientation of magnetic sources 6 in such a way to allow for the magnetic field 19 to be stronger on one side of the array and negligible on the other side of the array as shown by the extend of the magnetic field lines 19 and ‘weak’ and ‘strong’ labels. Figure 4F shows the front view of a Halbach array positioned next to an m-bar 3, the m-bar 3 is itself in contact or proximity with the reaction vessels 2. The Halbach array 21 is pointing away from the m-bar 3 and hence not magnetizing it. Figure 4G shows a top view of Figure 4F with an additional row of reaction vessels. Shown is configuration one, where the magnetic sources 6 have been orientated to point parallel to the m-bar 3, demagnetizing it and there is no attraction of the magnetic particles 17 to the m-bars 3. In Figure 4H the same configuration is shown as in Figure 4G with an additional magnetic flux guide 20 positioned on either end to lower any effect of the magnetic source 6 on the m-bars. The magnetic flux guide 20 re-directs the magnetic field 19 away from the m-bars and instead to another magnetic pole of the magnetic sources 6, this may lower the effect of the magnetic sources on the m-bar 3. In Figure 41 the second configuration is shown with m-bar subgroup 1 magnetized by Halbach arrays pointing towards them. The m-bar subgroup 2 is demagnetized in this configuration. In Figure 4J the Halbach arrays are reversed and m-bar subgroup 2 is magnetized while m-bar subgroup 1 is demagnetized, causing magnetic particles 17 to switch from a reaction vessel 2 side to the other. In Figure 4K an alternative setup is shown with reaction vessel spacing too narrow to allow m- bars 3 to fit in-between and deliver sufficient magnetization. Instead, m-bars may be offset diagonally but still opposing one another for each individual reaction vessel 2. Figure 4L shows a top view of Figure 4K in configuration one where none of the m-bars 3 are magnetized. Figure 4M shows the same configuration one but with an additional magnetic flux guide 20 to minimize the effect of the magnetic field 19 on the m-bars 3 and guide the magnetic field 19 from the pole of one magnetic source to the other. Figure 4N shows configuration two where m-bar subgroup 1 is magnetized and m-bar subgroup 2 is demagnetized in the reaction vessel 2 setup from Figure 4L. Figure 40 shows configuration three where m-bar subgroup 2 is magnetized and m-bar subgroup 1 is demagnetized with the reaction vessel 2 setup from Figure 4L. Continued and rapid switching between configuration two and configuration three may suspend magnetic particles 17 within liquid 5 if present within the reaction vessel 2. Suspending magnetic particles 17 within the liquid 5 may require timed and continued switching between configuration two and configuration three that may be dependent on many factors such as liquid 5 viscosity, m-bar magnetization and demagnetization and magnetic particles 17 size or a combination of all or others not listed.

M-BAR AND MAGNETIC SOURCE POSITIONING FOR TITRATION PLATES [0067] Figure 5 shows one possible implementation of the m-bar and magnetic source setup for 96 well titration plates but may be extrapolated to other popular titration plate sizes such as 384 well or larger and smaller plates where reaction vessels are arranged in additional or fewer rows and columns. Figure 5A shows the three-dimensional view of a titration plate 22 with multiple reaction vessels 2, here termed the reaction vessel layer. Figure 5B shows the top view of the titration plate 22 from Figure 5A, equivalently termed the reaction vessel layer. Figure 5C shows the titration plate 22 above at least one or a plurality of m-bars 3, which are inserted in between the reaction vessels 2. Figure 5D shows a top view of Figure 5C, with the m-bars 3 depicted in black positioned in between the reaction vessels 2. Figure 5E shows the titration plate 22 with the m-bars 3 that may be inserted between each reaction vessel 2. The magnetic sources 6 may each be positioned in between the m-bars 3, away from the reaction vessels 2 to allow for magnetization of the m-bars 3 without affecting the magnetic beads directly in the reaction vessels 2. For clarity the m- bar section in proximity to the magnetic source 6 but away from the reaction vessel 2 is termed the magnetization layer. Figure 5F shows a top view of the magnetization layer of Figure 5E with magnetic source 6 and m-bars 3. In this setup the magnetic source 6 is interleaved between the m- bars 3. In this setup each m-bar may be in contact or proximity of at least one magnetic source 6. Figure 5G shows the titration plate 22 with the m-bars 3 that may be inserted between each reaction vessel 2. The magnetic sources 6 are each positioned in between the m-bars, away from the reaction vessels 2. The magnetic sources 6 and m-bars 3 may lie within a magnetic flux guide 20. The magnetic flux guide 20 aims to minimize the effect of the magnetic source 6 onto the m-bars when aiming to demagnetize or lower magnetization of the m-bars 3. Figure 5H shows a top view of the magnetization layer of Figure 5G, including the magnetic flux guide 20. The magnetic flux guide 20 aims to redirect the magnetic field 19 from one magnetic pole to another of the magnetic sources 6. The aim is to decrease the magnetic field 19 of the magnetic source 6 onto the m-bars 3 when aiming to demagnetize or lower the magnetization of the m-bars 3.

DIFFERENT TYPES OF M-BARS AND POSITIONS FOR TITRATION PLATES [0068] Figure 6 shows the top view of a titration plate 22 and possible alternative arrangements of the m-bars 3 within a titration plate. Figure 6A shows a setup of two m-bars per reaction vessel 2, with each m-bar 3 on opposite sides of each reaction vessel. Figure 6B shows an equivalent setup of m-bars 3 within a titration plate 22 but with m-bars 3 placed into the gaps of the setup in Figure 6A. Figure 6C shows a setup of four m-bars per reaction vessel allowing for additional positional control of magnetic particles in reaction vessel 2 depending on which m-bars 3 are magnetized. Figure 6D shows a block of m-bars between either each row or column of the reaction vessels 2 in a titration plate 22. This allows for a reduced number of m-bars 3 to achieve the same m-bar 3 magnetization configurations. Many further m-bar 3 placements may be possible, not listed here.

M-BAR MAGNETIZATION CONFIGURATIONS [0069] Figure 7 shows a possible implementation of magnetic sources and m-bars to generate different m-bar 3 magnetization configurations for titration plates or individual reaction vessels or reaction vessel strips arranged in rows and columns. Figure 7 A to E all show a magnetization layer, where a top view is shown of the positioning and orientation of the magnetic sources that magnetize or demagnetize the m-bars. Additionally, Figures 7 A to E show a reaction vessel layer, where a top view of the reaction vessels is shown and how the magnetized m-bars from the magnetization layer influence the magnetic particles in reach reaction vessel. Figure 7A shows a first configuration where all of the m-bars are demagnetized, with no attraction of the magnetic particles 17 to the m-bars 3. For this configuration, magnetic source poles point directly towards or aw ay from any of the m-bars causing demagnetization or decreased magnetization of the m- bars 3 as compared when the magnetic source poles directly point tow ards the m-bars 3. It should be noted that for this configuration and the setup shown, the magnetic sources 6 can each individually point in any direction as long as none points directly at the m-bars 3 in their proximity. Figure 7B shows the same configuration as Figure 7A but with an additional magnetic flux guide 20 in between the individual magnetic sources and surrounding the setup to direct the magnetic field 19 away from the m-bars 3, further decreasing any magnetization. If using magnetic flux guides 20 it is preferable to orient the magnetic sources such that the magnetic field lines 19 can point in the same direction away from each magnetic source 6 connected wdth a magnetic flux guide 20. This means that for example a north pole of a magnetic source 6 points towards the south pole of another magnetic source 6 which is connected to it via a magnetic flux guide 20. Figure 7C shows a second configuration where m-bar subgroup 1 is magnetized, attracting magnetic particles 17 to one side of each reaction vessel 2. Note that the direction of the magnetic source 6 is irrelevant as long as it is either pointing towards or away from each m-bar 3 in m-bar subgroup 1. Figure 7D shows a third configuration where m-bar subgroup 1 is demagnetized and m-bar subgroup 2 is magnetized instead. This is achieved by pointing the magnetic source 6 either tow ards or away from the m-bars 3 in m- bar subgroup 2. This causes magnetic particles 17 to travel from one side of the reaction vessel to the other. Note that the direction of the magnetic sources 6 is irrelevant as long as it is either pointing tow ards or away from each m-bar 3 in m-bar subgroup 2. Note that in the third configuration, magnetic m-bar subgroup 2 has to be more magnetized than m-bar subgroup 1, which can be achieved as long as the magnetic sources 6 points more towards or away of m-bar subgroup 2 as compared to m-bar subgroup 1. The reverse is true for configuration two. Continued and rapid switching between configuration two and configuration three may suspend magnetic particles 17 within liquid 5 if present within the reaction vessel 2. Suspending magnetic particles 17 within the liquid 5 may require timed and continued switching between configuration two and configuration three that may be dependent on many factors such as liquid 5 viscosity, m-bar magnetization and demagnetization and magnetic particles 17 size or a combination of all or others not listed. Figure 7E shows an arbitrary orientation of the magnetic sources 6 with respect to the m-bars, resulting in different levels of magnetization of the m-bars 3 and magnetic particle attractions to the m-bars 3 in the reaction vessel 2.

M-BAR MAGNETIZATION CONFIGURATIONS WITH ADDITIONAL MAGNETIC SOURCES

[0070] Figure 8 shows the same magnetization layer and reaction vessel layer outline as Figure 7 but with additional magnetic sources in the magnetization layer to increase the magnetization of the m-bars. Additional magnetic sources are added such that each m-bar is adjacent to four magnetic sources but may be changed to three or fewer in another arrangement or more by for example using space below the m-bars 3. Figure 8 A shows a first configuration where all the m-bars are demagnetized, with no attraction of the magnetic particles 17 to the m-bars 3. The magnetic source poles do not point towards or away from any of the m-bars 3 causing demagnetization or decreased magnetization of the m-bars 3. In this configuration it may be preferable to have each magnetic pole from a magnetic source 6 connect to the opposing magnetic pole from the magnetic source 6 it is pointing towards. Figure 8B shows the same configuration as Figure 8A but with an additional magnetic flux guide 20 to direct the magnetic field 19 away from the m-bars 3, further decreasing any magnetization. Figure 8C shows the second configuration where m-bar subgroup 1 is magnetized, attracting magnetic particles at one side of each reaction vessel 2. The strongest magnetization of each m-bar in m-bar subgroup 1 is achieved by having the same magnetic pole of all four adjacent magnetic sources 6 directly pointing towards or away from the m-bar 3 that is being magnetized, the magnetic strength can be regulated and decreased by a mix of different magnetic poles pointing toward or away from the same m-bar 3 or slight angling of the magnetic poles with respect to the m-bars 3. Figure 8D shows a third configuration where m-bar subgroup 1 is demagnetized and m-bar subgroup 2 is magnetized instead. This causes magnetic particles to travel from one side of the reaction vessel to the other. The strength of the magnetization of m-bar subgroup 2 can be equivalently regulated as detailed for m-bar subgroup 1. Continued and rapid switching between configuration two and configuration three may suspend magnetic particles 17 within liquid 5 if present within the reaction vessel 2. Suspending magnetic particles 17 within the liquid 5 may require timed and continued switching between configuration two and configuration three that may be dependent on many factors such as liquid 5 viscosity, m-bar 3 magnetization and demagnetization and magnetic particles 17 size or a combination of all or others not listed. Figure 8E shows a fifth configuration where all m-bars are equally magnetized and beads are attracted to all m-bars. This can be achieved by pointing the same number of magnetic sources 6 to each adjacent m- bar for all m-bars. Here this may be achieved by orientating two magnetic sources 6 at each m-bar, either with the same poles pointing towards or away from the same m-bar 3 or alternatively with opposing poles for decreased magnetization or by angling of the magnetic source 6. Note in Figure 8E all magnetic sources 6 point toward or away from the m-bars vertically, the same level of magnetization can be achieved for a horizontal arrangement. Figure 8F has each diagonal magnetic source 6 aligned in such a way to give rise to a Halbach array 21. A sixth configuration is shown where every second diagonal m- bar, m-bar subgroup 4, is magnetized by positioning the adjacent Halbach arrays towards m-bar subgroup 4. The reaction vessel layer shows reaction vessels 2 with increased sizes for which this setup is most suitable but not limited to. It allows for magnetic particles 17 to be attracted to two magnetized m-bars 3 in close proximity of each larger reaction vessel 2. The larger reaction vessels 2 may be a titration plate with reaction vessels offset from column to column or row to row or multiple reaction vessel strips. Alternatively, the larger reaction vessels 2 may be individual reaction vessels 2 that may be held in a reaction vessel holder 4. Figure 8G shows a seventh configuration where m-bar subgroup 4 is demagnetized and m-bar subgroup 5 is magnetized by flipping the direction of the Halbach arrays from configuration 5. This allows magnetic particles to travel to the two opposingly magnetized m-bars for each reaction vessel 2, allowing for mixing in larger reaction vessels. Configuration six and configuration seven have the benefit of allowing larger individual reaction vessels to be used with the same setup as used for smaller reaction vessels. This principle may further be extended by removing some m-bars to fit ever larger reaction vessels. Note the diagonal Halbach arrays shown in Figure 8F and Figure 8G are arranged from the bottom left to the top right, they can also alternatively be arranged from the bottom right to the top left giving rise to vertically flipped m-bar subgroups 4 and 5. Note additional m-bar magnetization patterns not shown in any Figure 8 can be achieved by rotating each magnetic source any arbitrary amounts of degrees or dropping out individual magnetic sources 6. MAGNETIC SOURCE ACTUATION PATTERNS

[0071] Figure 9 shows the different magnetic sources 6 arrangements to give rise to any of the previously mentioned configurations and how they should be moved to go between any of the configurations. Note although Figure 9 demonstrates this on magnetic source arrangement as depicted in Figure 8, it extends to other arrangements, such as shown in Figure 7 but not limited to it. Each magnetic source may be actuated independently but it is advantageous to move magnetic sources in groups to decrease the number of actuators or motors. For simplicity the magnet source 6 may be thought of as a cylindrical permanent magnet with poles on the round face but is not limited to this as long as the magnetic source can be turned about its center. Figure 9A shows configuration four where all m-bars 3 are magnetized. The magnetic source 6 may be split up in two magnet subgroups, magnet subgroup 1 and magnet subgroup 2, that may rotate independently from one another. Magnet subgroups may be determined by the similarity in movement of each magnet source 6. Rotation within a subgroup may occur about each magnet source’s center. Rotation for each magnet subgroup is the same, meaning each magnet within the same subgroup rotates the same number of degrees as all others. Rotation within a subgroup may not be constrained to the same direction though, for example one magnetic source 6 may rotate x degrees clockwise, whereas another magnetic source 6 within the same subgroup may rotate x degrees counterclockwise. For Figure 9A all magnets within a subgroup do rotate in the same direction. Rotating the magnetic source 6 from magnet subgroup I by 45 degrees counterclockwise and rotating the magnetic source 6 from magnet subgroup 2 also by 45 degrees counterclockwise will result in configuration one with no m-bars 3 magnetized as depicted in Figure 9B. It should be noted that a 45-degree rotation counterclockwise is equivalent to a 315-degree clockwise rotation. Figure 9C shows configuration two where m- bar subgroup 1 is magnetized. This arrangement is achieved by rotating magnet subgroup 1 by 90 degrees counterclockwise and rotating magnet subgroup 2 by 180 degrees in either direction if starting from configuration four as shown in Figure 9A. It should be noted that a 90-degree rotation counterclockwise is equivalent to a 270-degree clockwise rotation. Figure 9D shows configuration three where m-bar subgroup 1 is demagnetized and m-bar subgroup 2 is magnetized. This arrangement is achieved by rotating magnet subgroup 1 by 180 degrees in either direction or rotating magnet subgroup 2 by 90 degrees clockwise if starting from configuration four as shown in Figure 9A. It should be noted that a 45-degree rotation counterclockwise is equivalent to a 315-degree clockwise rotation and vice versa, while a 90- degree rotation counter clockwise is equivalent to a 270 degree clockwise rotation and vice versa. Furthermore, any additional 360-degree rotations in either direction for any magnet subgroup will result in the same orientation. Furthermore, rotating x degrees in one direction is equivalent to rotating 360-x degrees in the other direction. The principles listed here may be extended to other magnet source arrangements by sub-setting into magnet subgroups with similar movement patterns, be it rotation or translation or other. If the movement such as translation, rotation or other is conserved within a subgroup then the same actuation source may be used. Although the same actuation source may even be used if motion is dissimilar, depending in that instance on the actuation mechanism.

[0072] Figure 9E and Figure 9F show Configuration six and configuration seven respectively where alternating diagonal rows of m-bars subgroups four and five are magnetized respectively using Halbach arrays 21 as outlined in Figure 8F and Figure 8G. These configurations can be achieved by further subdividing the magnetic source 6 into 6 further subgroups, magnet subgroup 3, magnet subgroup 4, magnet subgroup 5, magnet subgroup 6, magnet subgroup 7 and magnet subgroup 8. Each subgroup can then be rotated appropriately to either achieve magnetization of m-bar subgroup 4 in Figure 9E or m-bar subgroup 5 in Figure 9F. Alternative configurations can be achieved by rotating any subgroup any amount or translating it by other mechanisms.

MAGNETIC SOURCE GROUPS ACTUATION MECHANISMS

[0073] Figure 10 shows possible implementations of actuating the magnet subgroups shown in Figure 9 to achieve the different configurations but is not limited to these. The simplest implementation is to use an actuation source such as a motor or other suitable source for each individual magnet source 6. The number of actuation sources 14 can be reduced by connecting each magnet source 6 within a magnet subgroup via a mechanism that allows for them to move simultaneously and hence only requiring a single actuation source 14 per subgroup. Figure 10A shows a magnet subgroup, where each magnet source 6 is suspended on a rotatable drive shaft 25 that is connected to a gear 23. The individual gears 23 are connected via an intermittent gear 23. In this setup, when one magnet source 6 is rotated then all the other magnet sources 6 in the same subgroup are rotated by the same amount in the same direction in synchrony. Figure 10B shows the same arrangement as Figure 10A but where the intermittent gear is replaced by a drive belt 24 resulting in the same synchronous motion as described in Figure 10A. Figure 10C shows the same setup as Figure 10A but where the gears of each magnet source 6 are directly connected to one another. This results in synchronous motion but with magnet sources 6 rotating in opposing directions to one another directly connected via gears but the equivalent degrees. Each subgroup may have a combination of the mechanisms shown in Figure 10A, Figure 10B and Figure IOC or alternative mechanism giving rise to an equivalent motion. Note, one can further envision that within a magnet subgroup, gears may be of different sizes, leading to different amounts of rotation from magnet source to magnet source. Note it may also be possible to actuate some magnet sources within the same subgroup with a single actuation source and others with a different actuation source within a magnet subgroup. All these and combinations thereof may be used in an apparatus.

[0074] Figure 10D shows how two different magnet subgroups, here magnet subgroup 1 and magnet subgroup 2 as an example may be actuated by individual actuation sources 14. This allows for the independent movement of the magnet sources 6 from magnet subgroup to magnet subgroup. Figure 10E shows an additional setup where two magnet subgroups can be actuated by a single actuation source 14 but still have semi-independent motion. This is achieved by connecting each magnet subgroup via a non-equivalent gear ratio gears 26. If the gear 26 for magnet subgroup 1 is smaller than the gear 26 for magnet subgroup 2 then each full turn magnet subgroup 1 makes, results in only a partial turn of magnet subgroup 2. Sufficiently large gear rations of the connecting gears 26 result in very small turns of magnet subgroup 2 and therefore magnet subgroup 2 can be accurately positioned by continued rotation of magnet subgroup 1. This can further be extrapolated to all other magnet subgroups and a plurality of magnet subgroups by connecting each magnet subgroup via another gear ratio and hence allowing for the use of a single actuation source if desired to achieve any of the outlined configurations. This furthermore may be extrapolated to other magnet source arrangements and movement patterns.

IMAGE OF A DEVICE

[0075] Figure 11 shows an image of a possible device implementation for titration plates 22 as sketched out in Figure 1. It shows m-bars 3 positioned between reaction vessels 2. The reaction vessels within the titration plate 22 sit on top of the device. The device has housing 9, device casing 10 and a user interface 15.

Images of magnetic particles attracting to each side of a reaction vessel

[0076] Figure 12 shows images of the movement of magnetic particles 17 from one side of a reaction vessel 2 within a titration plate 22 to the other side of the reaction vessel 2. Figure 12A shows configuration two where magnetic particles 17 are attracted to one side. Figure 12B shows configuration three where magnetic particles are attracted to the opposing side of the reaction vessel 2.

IMAGES OF A DEVICE IMPLEMENTATION WITH REMOVABLE REACTION

VESSEL HOLDER

[0077] Figure 13 shows the same device as in Figure 11 but with a removable reaction vessel holder 4 and individual reaction vessels 2. Figure 13 A shows the reaction vessel holder 4 with reaction vessels 2 on top of the device. Figure 13B shows the reaction vessel holder 4 with reaction vessels 2 taken off from the device and placed on the side.

[0078] The following examples are provided to further illustrate the embodiments of the present invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. While they are typical of those that might be used, other procedures, methodologies, or techniques known to those skilled in the art may alternatively be used.

EXEMPLARY WORKFLOW

[0079] An example workflow for magnetic particle-based purifications with the apparatus may be as follows. It is understood that this is only an illustrative example and steps, components and compounds may vary greatly from technique to technique.

1. A reaction vessel 2 is filled with cell lysate, called a sample. The lysate is the liquid 5 containing contaminants and a compound of interest, here protein A being the compound of interest.

2. The sample is first homogenized by placing it in the reaction vessel holder 4 onto the device and agitating it by setting the agitation speed via the human interface 15. The agitation is provided by the actuation source 13 and disk 12 and spindle 11. The agitation time is set to 15 minutes and 350rpm using the human interface while setting the temperature to 4C.

3. Once homogenized, the sample is removed from the device and split up into seven reaction vessels 2 within a 96 well titration plate. An additional water sample is added to an eighth reaction vessel 2 in the titration plate 22 as a control.

4. To each reaction vessel an equal amount of magnetic particles 17 is added. The magnetic particles are coated with a chemical compound that has antibodies bound to it that are specific to protein A.

5. The reaction vessel holder 4 is removed and the 96 well titration plate containing the samples is placed onto the device. 6. Using the human interface an incubation time of 3hr at 25C is set. Furthermore, magnetic mixing is set using configuration two and configuration three, where magnetic particles 17 are repeatedly attracted to opposing reaction vessel walls. Timing between each configuration is set to allow all magnetic particles 17 to traverse the reaction vessel before switching. Agitation of the reaction vessel via actuation source 13 at 350 rpm is optional.

7. Once incubation is complete the liquid 5 in each reaction vessel 2 is aspirated using a pipette by immobilizing the magnetic particles 17 using configuration two, three or magnetization of all m-bars 3 or other such that the magnetic particles 17 are immobilized in each reaction vessel.

8. A wash liquid 5 is added to each reaction vessel 2 and step 6 is repeated but only for 1 minutes.

9. The liquid 5 and magnetic particles 17 are all removed together by using configuration one where all m-bars are demagnetized and a multichannel pipette and transferred to other reaction vessels 2 for further processing.

[0080] Additional examples of the presently described method and device embodiments are suggested according to the structures and techniques described herein. Other non-limiting examples may be configured to operate separately or can be combined in any permutation or combination with any one or more of the other examples provided above or throughout the present disclosure.

[0081] It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the present disclosure can be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The presently disclosed embodiments are therefore considered in all respects to be illustrative and not restricted. The scope of the disclosure is indicated by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description and all changes that come within the meaning and range and equivalence thereof are intended to be embraced therein.

[0082] Although the invention has been described with reference to the above examples, it will be understood that modifications and variations are encompassed within the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, the invention is limited only by the following claims.

Claims

CLAIMS What is claimed is:

1. An apparatus comprising: one or more magnetizable bars (m-bars); one or more magnetic sources; and a reaction vessel holder comprising an interface configured to hold one or more reaction vessels; wherein each of the one or more m-bars is configured with a first section and a second section relative to at least one of the one or more magnetic sources, wherein the first section of the each of the one or more m-bars is positioned adjacent to at least one of the one or more reaction vessels, and wherein the second section of each of the one or more m-bars is within a threshold distance, based on a magnetic field strength of the at least one of the one or more magnetic sources, to the at least one of the one or more magnetic sources.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein each of the one or more magnetic sources is a permanent magnet or an electromagnet.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising at least one of a power source, a housing, a magnetic shield, a magnetic flux guide, a thermal layer, an actuation mechanism, an actuation source and a casing.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising one or more actuation sources configured to move some combination of the one or more m-bars and the one or more magnetic sources such that the at least one of the one or more m-bars is moved out of the threshold distance to at least one of the one or more magnetic sources.

5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein magnetization of at least one of the one or more m-bars is decreased or removed.

6. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the casing comprises at least one of a control interface, a screen, or a port to interface with an external computing device.

7. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the actuation mechanism comprises at least one of a gear or a belt.

8. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the actuation mechanism comprises at least one of a hand crank, a motor, or a piston.

9. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the thermal layer is configured to change a temperature of a portion of the one or more reaction vessels.

10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein at least one of the one of the one or more magnetic sources is within the threshold distance of one of the one or more m-bars.

11. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more m-bars comprise at least a first m-bar and a second m-bar, wherein the first m-bar is positioned adjacent to a first side of a reaction vessel and the second m-bar is positioned adjacent to a second opposing side of the reaction vessel.

12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the first m-bar is magnetized and the second m-bar is not magnetized or has decreased magnetization compared to the first m-bar.

13. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the second m-bar is magnetized and the first m-bar is not magnetized or has decreased magnetization compared to the second m-bar.

14. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the first and second m-bars are alternately magnetized or demagnetized in succession.

15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein a portion of the one or more reaction vessels comprise magnetic particles and the alternate magnetization and demagnetization of the first and second m-bar are configured to cause the magnetic particles to become suspended.

16. The apparatus of claim 1, where the one or more m-bars comprises a plurality of m-bars.

17. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the one or more magnetic sources is applied to a subset of the one or more m-bars.

18. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first section of each of the one or more m-bars is not magnetized or has low levels of magnetization.

19. The apparatus of claim 1, where the one or more reaction vessels comprises at least two reaction vessels, and wherein the one or more m-bars comprises a first m-bar and a second m- bar; wherein the first m-bar is adjacent to a first side of a reaction vessel of the at least two reaction vessels and the second m-bar is adjacent to a second opposing side of the reaction vessel.

20. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the first m-bar is magnetized and the second m-bar has decreased magnetization relative to the first m-bar.

21. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the second m-bar is magnetized and the first m-bar has decreased magnetization relative to the second m-bar.

22. A method of separating a component of a chemical, biological or biochemical reaction, the method comprising: providing an apparatus comprising: one or more magnetizable bars (m-bars); and one or more magnetic sources; wherein each of the one or more m-bars is configured with a first section and a second section relative to at least one of the one or more magnetic sources, wherein the first section of the each of the one or more m-bars is positioned adjacent to a reaction vessel, and wherein the second section of each of the one or more m-bars is within a threshold distance, based on a magnetic field strength of the at least one of the one or more magnetic sources, to the at least one of the one or more magnetic sources binding the component of the chemical, biological or biochemical reaction in a reaction vessel with a least one magnetic particle; and separating the component of the of chemical, biological or biochemical reaction using the apparatus.

23. The method of claim 22, further comprising removing reaction components not bound to magnetic particles.

24. The method of claim 22, wherein the component comprises an antibody, cell, DNA, RNA or protein.

25. The method of claim 22, wherein the apparatus further comprises a power source, a reaction vessel cover, a reaction vessel holder, a housing, a magnetic shield, a magnetic flux guide, a thermal layer, an actuation mechanism, an actuation source, a casing, a spindle, a rotation disk and combinations thereof.

26. The method of claim 22, wherein the magnetic source is applied individually to the at least one m-bar.

27. The method of claim 22, where the magnetic source is applied such that the at least one m-bar decreases in magnetization or becomes demagnetized such that the at least one magnetic particle can be removed from the reaction vessel.

28. The method of claim 22, comprising at least a first m-bar and a second m-bar, wherein the first m-bar is positioned adjacent to a first side of a reaction vessel and the second m-bar is positioned adjacent to a second opposing side of the reaction vessel.

29. The method of claim 28, wherein the first m-bar is magnetized and the second m-bar is not magnetized or has decreased magnetization compared to the first m-bar.

30. The method of claim 28, wherein the second m-bar is magnetized and the first m-bar is not magnetized or has decreased magnetization compared to the first m-bar.

31. The method of claim 28, wherein the first and second m-bars are alternately magnetized or demagnetized in rapid succession, wherein the first and second m-bars are not magnetized or demagnetized simultaneously.

32. The method of claim 31, wherein the reaction vessel comprises magnetic particles and the alternate magnetization and demagnetization of the first and second m-bar causes the magnetic particles to become suspended.