JP6165181B2 - 防弾物品を製造するための複合材 - Google Patents
防弾物品を製造するための複合材 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP6165181B2 JP6165181B2 JP2014558052A JP2014558052A JP6165181B2 JP 6165181 B2 JP6165181 B2 JP 6165181B2 JP 2014558052 A JP2014558052 A JP 2014558052A JP 2014558052 A JP2014558052 A JP 2014558052A JP 6165181 B2 JP6165181 B2 JP 6165181B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- polyvinyl butyral
- tensile strength
- composite material
- film
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims description 42
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 18
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 60
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 60
- 229920002037 poly(vinyl butyral) polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 60
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 22
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 113
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 39
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 22
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 15
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 15
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 15
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 15
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- KJFMBFZCATUALV-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenolphthalein Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C1(C=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)O1 KJFMBFZCATUALV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 7
- ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyraldehyde Chemical compound CCCC=O ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000012496 blank sample Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 4
- WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic anhydride Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(C)=O WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CC=C1 WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004699 Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006359 acetalization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical class [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 3
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000785 ultra high molecular weight polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- IRIAEXORFWYRCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylbenzyl phthalate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1 IRIAEXORFWYRCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002367 Polyisobutene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000012963 UV stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetaldehyde Diethyl Acetal Natural products CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003158 alcohol group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- YAXWOADCWUUUNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,2,3-tetramethylpiperidine Chemical compound CC1CCCN(C)C1(C)C YAXWOADCWUUUNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dichloroethane Chemical compound ClCCCl WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RKMGAJGJIURJSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidine Substances CC1(C)CCCC(C)(C)N1 RKMGAJGJIURJSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004971 Cross linker Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002174 Styrene-butadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethylene glycol, Natural products OCCOCCOCCOCCO UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011000 absolute method Methods 0.000 description 1
- IKHGUXGNUITLKF-XPULMUKRSA-N acetaldehyde Chemical compound [14CH]([14CH3])=O IKHGUXGNUITLKF-XPULMUKRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BLAKAEFIFWAFGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetyl acetate;pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1.CC(=O)OC(C)=O BLAKAEFIFWAFGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000021736 acetylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006640 acetylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical class OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000019445 benzyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N butadiene-styrene rubber Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003490 calendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007123 defense Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002845 discoloration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000011256 inorganic filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003475 inorganic filler Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- OJXOOFXUHZAXLO-UHFFFAOYSA-M magnesium;1-bromo-3-methanidylbenzene;bromide Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Br-].[CH2-]C1=CC=CC(Br)=C1 OJXOOFXUHZAXLO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920003052 natural elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001194 natural rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000021962 pH elevation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L phthalate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003366 poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940116351 sebacate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-L sebacate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229920005573 silicon-containing polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001370 static light scattering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011115 styrene butadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003051 synthetic elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005061 synthetic rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HGBOYTHUEUWSSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric aldehyde Natural products CCCCC=O HGBOYTHUEUWSSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
- B32B27/302—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising aromatic vinyl (co)polymers, e.g. styrenic (co)polymers
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- B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
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- F41—WEAPONS
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- B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
- B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
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- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/12—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
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- B32B37/10—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the pressing technique, e.g. using action of vacuum or fluid pressure
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/022—Non-woven fabric
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/024—Woven fabric
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/04—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
- F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
- F41H5/02—Plate construction
- F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
- F41H5/0471—Layered armour containing fibre- or fabric-reinforced layers
- F41H5/0478—Fibre- or fabric-reinforced layers in combination with plastics layers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
- F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
- F41H5/02—Plate construction
- F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
- F41H5/0471—Layered armour containing fibre- or fabric-reinforced layers
- F41H5/0485—Layered armour containing fibre- or fabric-reinforced layers all the layers being only fibre- or fabric-reinforced layers
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- B32B2260/00—Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
- B32B2260/02—Composition of the impregnated, bonded or embedded layer
- B32B2260/021—Fibrous or filamentary layer
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- B32B2260/00—Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
- B32B2260/04—Impregnation, embedding, or binder material
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
- B32B2307/54—Yield strength; Tensile strength
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- B32B2309/00—Parameters for the laminating or treatment process; Apparatus details
- B32B2309/08—Dimensions, e.g. volume
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- B32B2309/105—Thickness
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- B32B2571/00—Protective equipment
- B32B2571/02—Protective equipment defensive, e.g. armour plates, anti-ballistic clothing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
- B32B27/306—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising vinyl acetate or vinyl alcohol (co)polymers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
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- B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
- B32B37/14—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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Description
重合度360および加水分解度88mol%を有するポリビニルアルコール540gを6600mlの水中に溶解する。ブチルアルデヒド269gの添加後、20%の塩酸1090mlを計量供給して、0℃で反応が開始される。塩酸の計量供給の完了後、反応混合物を3時間にわたって、30℃に温め、且つ、この温度でさらに2時間保持する。析出した粒状物をろ過して取り出し、且つ、十分な水で洗浄する。中和もしくはアルカリ化のために、懸濁された生成物を10%の水酸化ナトリウムで処理し、再度、わずかに温める。過剰な塩基を水で洗浄することによって除去する。その後、生成物を乾燥させる。得られたポリビニルブチラールは、アセテートの残留含有率13.5%、およびポリビニルアルコールの残留含有率18mol%を示す。Hoeppner (DIN 53015)による粘度は、エタノール中の10%溶液で13.75mPasであり、酢酸エチル中の10%溶液で8.52mPasである。
ポリマーテープの少なくとも2層のモノレイヤーで形成される積層物の製造方法であって、
前記ポリマーテープが少なくとも200MPaの引張強度を有しており、
前記方法は、
・ ポリマーテープを予め引っ張り、引き続きポリマーテープを一方向に引っ張りながら平行に配置することによって、ポリマーテープの第一のモノレイヤーを形成する段階、
・ 第一のモノレイヤーを形成したのと同様の方法で、第一のモノレイヤー上で少なくとも1層の第二のモノレイヤーを形成する段階、それによって
・ ポリマーテープの少なくとも2層のモノレイヤーを、全てのモノレイヤーにおいてポリマーテープの方向が同じになり且つ各々のモノレイヤーのポリマーテープが、そのモノレイヤーの上または下の隣接するモノレイヤーのテープに対して埋め合わせるように積層する段階、
・ そのように積層されたポリマーテープのモノレイヤーを固めて、積層物を得る段階
を含む、前記方法。
i) ASTM D−885に準拠する少なくとも1100MPaの引張強度を有する高引張強度の繊維を含む第一の布層を準備する段階、
ii) 前記第一の布層の上部に、ポリビニルブチラール層を配置する段階、
iii) ASTM D−885に準拠する少なくとも1100MPaの引張強度を有する高引張強度の繊維を含む第二の布層を、ポリビニルブチラール層の上部に配置する段階、
iv) (高強度繊維を有するまたは有さない)さらなる布層およびポリビニルブチラール層を用いて、段階ii)およびiii)を随意に繰り返す段階、
を含み、その際、ポリビニルブチラールは、30〜70μm、より好ましくは30〜50μmの厚さを示すフィルムである、前記方法にも関する。
i) ASTM D−885に準拠する少なくとも1100MPaの引張強度を有する高引張強度の繊維を含む第一の布層であって、片面または両面がポリビニルブチラール層で予備含浸されている前記第一の布層を準備する段階、
ii) ASTM D−885に準拠する少なくとも1100MPaの引張強度を有する高引張強度の繊維を含むさらなる布層であって、随意に、片面または両面がポリビニルブチラール層で予備含浸されている前記さらなる布層を、前記第一の布層の上部に随意に配置する段階、
を含み、その際、ポリビニルブチラール層は、30〜70μm、より好ましくは30〜50μmの厚さを示すフィルムである、前記方法が特許請求される。
ポリビニルアセタール含有率は、物質1gの鹸化に必要な水酸化カリウム溶液の消費に由来するアセチル基の質量%での割合を意味すると理解されるべきである。
調査されるべき物質約2gを、500mlの丸底フラスコ内へと、正確に1mgに計量供給し、且つ、90mlのエタノールおよび10mlのベンジルアルコール中で還流させながら溶解する。冷却後、溶液をフェノールフタレインに対して、0.01NのNaOHで中和する。引き続き、25.0mlの0.1NのKOHを添加し、且つ、還流させながら加熱を1.5時間行う。前記のフラスコを閉じた状態で冷却し、且つ、過剰な液体を、指示薬としてのフェノールフタレインに対して、0.1Nの塩酸を用いて、永続的な変色が得られるまで滴定する。ブランクを同様に処理する。PV酢酸の含有率を、以下のように計算する:
PV酢酸含有率[%]=(b−a)*86/E
(式中、a=試料についての0.1NのKOHの消費[ml]、b=ブランク試験についての0.1NのKOHの消費[ml]、およびE=乾燥状態における、計量された検査されるべき物質の量[g])。
ポリビニルアルコール基の含有率(ポリビニルアルコールの含有率)は、無水酢酸との次のアセチル化によって検出可能であるヒドロキシル基の割合である。
約1gのMowitalをm300mlの三角フラスコに正確に1mg計量供給し、10.0mlの無水酢酸ピリジン混合物(23:77v/v)を添加し、これを15〜20時間、50℃に加熱する。冷却後、17mlの1,2−ジクロロエタンを添加し、短時間回転させる。次に、8mlの水を撹拌しながら添加し、フラスコを栓で閉じ、且つ、10分間撹拌を行う。フラスコの首と栓を50mlの脱イオン水で濯ぎ、5mlのn−ブタノールで覆い、且つ、遊離酢酸を、フェノールフタレインに対して、1Nの苛性ソーダ溶液を用いて滴定する。ブランク試料を同様に処理する。ポリビニルアルコール含有率を、以下のように計算する:
ポリビニルアルコール含有率[%]=(b−a)*440/E
(式中、a=試料についての1NのNaOHの消費[ml]、b=ブランク試料についての1NのNaOHの消費[ml]、およびE=乾燥状態における、検査されるべき物質の計量された量[g])。
使用されるポリビニルアセタールの粘度を、DIN53015に準拠して、20℃で、5質量%の水を含むエタノール中の10質量%の溶液において、ヘプラー粘度計内で測定する。
重合度Pwを、ポリビニルアルコールにおいてより容易に測定することができ、且つ、それはアセタール化の間、変化しない。例としてポリビニルブチラールを使用して、重合度Pwは以下の式:
を使用して決定される。
実施例は、上述の複合材から得られたヘルメットに関する。
Claims (14)
- 防弾物品を製造するための複合材であって、ASTM D−885に準拠する少なくとも1100MPaの引張強度を有する高引張強度の繊維を含む少なくとも2層の布層、および前記少なくとも2層の布層の間のポリビニルブチラールの少なくとも1層を含み、その際、ポリビニルブチラール層がフィルムであり、30〜70μmの厚さを示す、前記複合材。
- 前記ポリビニルブチラールフィルムが、30〜50μmの厚さを示すことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の複合材。
- 前記ポリビニルブチラールフィルムが、2質量%未満の添加剤を含むことを特徴とする、請求項1または2に記載の複合材。
- 少なくとも1層の布層が、織布層であることを特徴とする、請求項1から3までのいずれか1項に記載の複合材。
- 少なくとも1層の布層が、一方向繊維層であることを特徴とする、請求項1から3までのいずれか1項に記載の複合材。
- 少なくとも1層の布層が、その片面または両面において、ポリビニルブチラールフィルムで予備含浸されていることを特徴とする、請求項1から5までのいずれか1項に記載の複合材。
- 少なくとも1層の布層が、芳香族ポリアミド繊維および/またはポリエチレン繊維を含むことを特徴とする、請求項1から6までのいずれか1項に記載の複合材。
- 防弾物品を製造するために適した複合材の製造方法であって、以下の段階:
i) ASTM D−885に準拠する少なくとも1100MPaの引張強度を有する高引張強度の繊維を含む第一の布層を準備する段階、
ii) 前記第一の布層の上部に、ポリビニルブチラール層を配置する段階、
iii) ASTM D−885に準拠する少なくとも1100MPaの引張強度を有する高引張強度の繊維を含む第二の布層を、ポリビニルブチラール層の上部に配置する段階、
iv) さらなる布層およびポリビニルブチラール層を用いて、段階ii)およびiii)を随意に繰り返す段階、
を含み、ポリビニルブチラール層が、厚さ30〜70μmを示すフィルムであることを特徴とする前記方法。 - 防弾物品を製造するために適した複合材の製造方法であって、以下の段階:
i) ASTM D−885に準拠する少なくとも1100MPaの引張強度を有する高引張強度の繊維を含む第一の布層であって、片面または両面がポリビニルブチラール層で予備含浸されている前記第一の布層を準備する段階、
ii) ASTM D−885に準拠する少なくとも1100MPaの引張強度を有する高引張強度の繊維を含むさらなる布層であって、随意に、片面または両面がポリビニルブチラール層で予備含浸されている前記さらなる布層を、前記第一の布層の上部に配置する段階、
を含み、その際、ポリビニルブチラール層は、30〜70μmの厚さを示すフィルムであることを特徴とする、前記方法。 - 温度および圧力によって、複合材をさらに処理して、ポリビニルブチラールフィルムを溶融することを特徴とする、請求項8または9に記載の方法。
- 前記ポリビニルブチラールフィルムが、2質量%未満の添加剤を含むことを特徴とする、請求項8または9に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも1層の布層が、芳香族ポリアミド繊維および/またはポリエチレン繊維を含むことを特徴とする、請求項8から11までのいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 請求項1から12までのいずれか1項に記載の複合材から得られる防弾物品。
- 防弾物品を製造するための複合材であって、ASTM D−885に準拠する少なくとも1100MPaの引張強度を有する高引張強度の繊維を含む少なくとも1層の布層、およびポリビニルブチラールの少なくとも1層を含み、その際、ポリビニルブチラール層はフィルムであり、且つ、30〜70μmの厚さを示す、前記複合材。
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PCT/EP2013/052227 WO2013124147A1 (en) | 2012-02-20 | 2013-02-05 | Composite for producing of an antiballistic article |
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US10105934B2 (en) * | 2016-08-19 | 2018-10-23 | Kuraray Europe Gmbh | Use of plasticizer-free polyvinylacetal for laminating sheets of polycarbonate |
EP3838969A1 (en) | 2019-12-20 | 2021-06-23 | Université de Haute Alsace | Two-steps light and heat curable resin composition |
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US20160016393A1 (en) | 2016-01-21 |
EP2817144A1 (en) | 2014-12-31 |
JP2015514952A (ja) | 2015-05-21 |
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WO2013124147A1 (en) | 2013-08-29 |
AU2013224291B2 (en) | 2016-01-07 |
ZA201405725B (en) | 2015-04-29 |
MX346492B (es) | 2017-03-21 |
BR112014020357B1 (pt) | 2021-03-02 |
MY170222A (en) | 2019-07-10 |
CA2864943C (en) | 2021-12-14 |
RU2014138061A (ru) | 2016-04-10 |
CN104136212A (zh) | 2014-11-05 |
KR20140133524A (ko) | 2014-11-19 |
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