JP6158332B2 - Vertical circulation method and vertical circulation device for closed water area - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for vertically circulating a closed water area and a vertical circulation device for improving the water quality of a closed water area such as a dam, a lake, a water source, a water supply / sewerage facility, a canal, an inner bay, a harbor, an aquaculture farm or a pond. In particular, the upward flow generated by each of the multiple upward flow generators arranged in the shape of a regular polygon in water generates a diffusion flow that diffuses concentrically on the surface of the water. Utilizing the center of the regular polygonal shape where each upflow generator is arranged, a continuous, accelerated and concentrated downflow from the water surface to the bottom of the water is induced to circulate up and down by the upflow and downflow. The present invention relates to a method for vertically circulating a closed water area and a vertical circulation device for improving the water quality of the closed water area by flow.

A water area in which nitrogen N and phosphorus P, which are main elements constituting a living body, are excessively supplied and accumulated is called an eutrophic water area. With the development of economic activities, urbanization, population growth, etc. seen since the latter half of the 20th century, many water bodies such as dams, lakes, water source ponds, reservoirs, canals, inner bays, harbors, aquaculture farms and reservoirs have advanced. Regardless of the country or developing country, the trend toward eutrophication is being shown. In the eutrophied water area, a water pollution phenomenon called organic pollution occurs, for example, phytoplankton grows greatly. Abnormal growth of phytoplankton makes it difficult to use as a water source by suffocating seafood and farmed fish, releasing carcinogenic substances, and generating a musty odor. In addition, the residue from which the grown phytoplankton has died settles and accumulates on the bottom of the water in large quantities as organic matter. When this is decomposed by aerobic microorganisms in the water, a large amount of oxygen is consumed in the bottom layer, which causes the generation of bottom anoxic and bottom anoxic layers in the water area.
In the eutrophied water area where the water mass is stagnant and the vertical circulation is stagnant, the bottom layer is often hypoxic and oxygen-free. Under these conditions, when the bottom layer and water bottom are in an oxygen deficient state, the bottom layer water and bottom mud are anaerobically decomposed to black sludge, generating sulfides and producing a hydrogen sulfide odor. When this stage is reached, the water area becomes a dead water area where benthic seafood has disappeared, and in the sediment layer of the bottom where anaerobic decomposition occurs, elution of nutrients into the water becomes active. As a result, water quality / bottom quality is further deteriorated, abnormal conditions of blue sea urchins or large-scale “water bloom” conditions continue to be inconvenient for water environment conservation, and the water environment is further deteriorated. go.
As mentioned above, underwater, especially in the bottom, where the dissolved oxygen is deficient and tight, dams and reservoirs that artificially store a large amount of water, mainly in the summer and high water temperature periods, both inside and outside, It happens almost without exception. This is a major problem in water quality conservation in inner bays and farm waters. The world's closed waters and eutrophication waters have exactly the same problem of deterioration of the water quality environment, and it is necessary to take measures to supply oxygen to the bottom layer.

  As described above, in the eutrophic water area where the water mass is stagnant, the bottom layer is becoming hypoxic and anoxic, and the water quality and bottom quality are deteriorated to deteriorate the water environment. The direct cause of this problem is that the water body has stagnated and no vertical circulation has occurred, and the system for supplying surface oxygen to the bottom layer has been completely closed. Therefore, if improvement is made paying attention to this point, the system for supplying oxygen to the bottom layer will be opened, and the problem will be directed toward the solution. Conventionally, various measures aimed at promoting vertical circulation have been tried as part of water quality environmental conservation in water areas. After all, if the water layer rich in dissolved oxygen on the surface layer and the anoxic / anoxic water mass on the bottom layer are circulated and mixed up and down, the dissolved oxygen concentration from the bottom layer to the surface layer is also averaged. Anoxia and anoxia are heading toward elimination. For this reason, it is considered that promotion of “up-and-down circulation” is one of the effective measures that are easy to tackle for the hypoxia and anoxia of the bottom layer.

A specific example of the vertical circulation promotion technique that has been used in the past to guide the water quality environment problem in the water area as described above is as shown in FIGS.
FIG. 12 shows an outline of a countermeasure device called a conventional intermittent air pump. In the figure, 101 is a water body in a water area, 102 is a water bottom, 103 is a water surface, 104 is a shore, 105 is an intermittent air pump cylinder body, 106 is an air chamber provided at the lower part of the intermittent air pump cylinder body 105, 107 Is an air compressor placed on the shore, 108 is a compressed air supply hose, 109 is a sinker, 110 is a mooring line, and 111 is sucked into the cylinder from the lower end of the intermittent air pump cylinder body 105 as the air bullet rises. The water flow 112 is an air-mixed water mass intermittently blown up to the water surface by the intermittent air pump cylinder body 105.
In the intermittent air pumping cylinder shown in FIG. 12, the compressed air by the air compressor 107 is sent to the air chamber 106 below the intermittent air pumping cylinder main body 105, and when this air amount reaches a certain level, the air mass Flows into the center cylinder of the intermittent air pumping cylinder main body 105 due to the reverse siphon phenomenon, forms air bullets and rises by its buoyancy, and entrains the water in the intermittent air pumping cylinder main body 105 upward. The air-mixed water mass 112 that is intermittently lifted up to the water surface reaches the water surface 103 and then diffuses radially from the center line of the intermittent air pump cylinder body 105. Conventionally, this method is used for the purpose of protecting the water environment such as a dam, a reservoir, a water source, and a lake (for example, see Non-Patent Document 1).

FIG. 13 shows an outline of an apparatus called a conventional diffuser plate type aeration system. In the figure, 201 is a body of water, 202 is a water bottom, 203 is a water surface, 204 is a shore, 205 is a diffuser plate device, 206 is an air chamber for the diffuser plate device, and 207 is an air compressor placed on the shore. , 208 is a compressed air supply hose, 213 is a stand for the diffuser plate device, and 214 is a mixed water mass lifted to the water surface by the operation of the diffuser plate device.
In the diffuser plate type aeration method shown in FIG. 13, compressed air from the air compressor 207 is sent to the diffuser plate device air chamber 206 of the diffuser plate device 205, and thereby air bubbles rising to some extent from the diffuser plate device 205. A flow is created, which entrains the water mass in the body of water and forms an updraft. It is known that such a diffuser can produce a relatively strong updraft, and this method, or in principle the same upflow generation or aeration method, has conventionally been used in sewage treatment plants and reservoirs. Widely used (for example, see Non-Patent Document 1).

FIG. 14 shows an outline of a conventional apparatus (part 1) using a pump / duct system. In the figure, 301 is a body of water body, 302 is a bottom of water, 303 is a water surface, 304 is a shore, 305 is a pump / floating device forming a pump / duct type body, 305 ′ is a pump, 310 is a mooring cable, 315 is a power cable 316 is a flexible duct for taking the bottom layer water and sending it to the surface layer by the operation of the pump 305 ′ on the pump / floating device 305, 317 is the bottom layer water sucked into the flexible duct 316, 318 is the flexible duct 316 The direction of movement of the bottom layer water mass sent upward in the inside, 319 indicates the bottom layer water discharged to the surface layer.
In the pump / duct system shown in FIG. 14, the anoxic water mass stagnating near the bottom layer from the bottom of the flexible duct 316 hanging from the pump / floating device 305 to the bottom layer by the pump 305 ′ on the pump / floating body device 305. Is sucked and sent upward and discharged in the horizontal direction near the water surface 303. Conventionally, this method has been used for the purpose of suppressing bottom layer hypoxia in reservoirs, lakes, dams, etc. (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 2).

FIG. 15 shows an outline of a conventional apparatus (part 2) using a pump / duct system. In the figure, 401 is the water body of the water area, 402 is the bottom of the water, 403 is the water surface, 404 is the shore, 405 is the pump / duct system (part 2), the pump / floating device that forms the body, 405 ′ is the pump, 410 is the mooring line, 415 is a power cable, 420 is surface water taken to be sent to the bottom layer by operation of the pump 405 ′ on the pump / floating device 405, 421 is water for taking surface water 420, flexible to be sent to the bottom layer and discharged. Duct 422 indicates the direction of movement of the surface water mass sent downward in the flexible duct 421, and 423 indicates the surface water discharged to the bottom layer.
The pump / duct system shown in FIG. 15 sucks the surface water 420 having a high dissolved oxygen concentration by the pump 405 ′ on the pump / floating device 405, and moves downward through the flexible duct 421 hanging downward from the pump / floating device 405. It is a method of feeding and discharging to the bottom layer. This method has also been used for the purpose of suppressing bottom layer hypoxia in reservoirs, lakes, dams, etc. (see Non-Patent Document 2, for example).

FIG. 16 shows an outline as an example of a system apparatus called a conventional deep layer aeration apparatus. In the figure, 501 is a body of water, 502 is a water bottom, 503 is a water surface, 504 is a shore, 524 is a deep aeration apparatus main body as an example, 525 is a riser pipe as a part of the deep aeration apparatus, 526 is a riser pipe 525 A diffuser for aerating the inside, 527 is a downcomer as a part of the deep aeration apparatus, 528 is a floating tank / floating body as a part of the deep aeration apparatus, 529 is a wire for adjusting the pipe length, 530 is a counterweight, 507 is An air compressor placed on the shore, 508 is a compressed air supply hose, 509 is a sinker, 510 is a mooring line, 531 is a direction of movement of pipe water that forms the basis of deep aeration apparatus operation, and 532 is water in the pipe A water mass that reaches the bottom layer and is discharged from the downcomer pipe 527 is shown.
In the deep layer aeration apparatus shown in FIG. 16, two pipes, an ascending pipe 525 and a descending pipe 527, are integrally formed between a water surface 503 and a water bottom 502, and air diffused in the ascending pipe 525 at the lower part of the ascending pipe 525. An aeration device 526 is provided for generating an upward flow while increasing the aeration effect on the water in the riser pipe 525 by the aeration, so that the upward flow reaching the water surface at the upper end in the riser 525 is a continuous flow in the pipe. Based on the conditions, it flows down in the adjacent descending pipes 527, and at the lower end in the descending pipe 527, the downflow that has reached the vicinity of the bottom layer is discharged into the bottom layer from the bottom opening of the lowering pipe 527. The main point is that the low-oxygen and low-oxygen water in the bottom layer is sucked up and raised to the water surface level while increasing the aeration effect (increasing the dissolved oxygen concentration) by the aeration method, and this is successively sent to the bottom layer and discharged. It is to do. Since the upflow is generated by the diffuser 526, one of the features of this device is that the rising water mass can be sent to the bottom layer (via the downcomer 527) and the bottom layer can be discharged without using any additional power. It is a feature. This method is also used in dam waters (see Non-Patent Document 1, for example).

FIG. 17 shows an outline of a conventional pump-driven flow promoting device. In the figure, 601 is a body of water body, 602 is a water bottom, 603 is a water surface, 604 is a shore, 605 is a pump drive flow promotion device body, 605 ′ is a pump floating body device, 605 ″ is a drive water hose, and 610 is a mooring cable. , 615 is a power cable, 613 is a base for installing the bottom of the pump-driven flow promoting device main body 605, 633 is bottom water sucked into the pump-driven flow promoting device main body 605, 634 is a jet flow discharged from the pump-driven flow promoting device main body 605 Shows the mixing flow of the surface and bottom layers.
The pump-driven flow promoting device shown in FIG. 17 creates a discharge flow based on the principle of a water jet pump in a rectifying cylinder by a drive water pump using water taken from a layer close to the surface as drive water, thereby moving a stagnant water mass. It promotes vertical circulation. This method has been widely used to eliminate bottom layer poor oxygen in a closed water area (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 3).

FIG. 18 shows an example of a conventional propeller-type water flow generation method. In the figure, 701 is a body of water body, 702 is a water bottom, 703 is a water surface, 704 is a shore, 705 is a floating body, 710 is a mooring cable, 715 is a power cable, 735 is an electric motor for driving an underwater propeller, 736 is an underwater propeller, 737 Indicates the rotational flow generated by the underwater propeller 736.
A rotating flow 737 shown in FIG. 18 shows the state of the downstream flow of the underwater propeller 736 generated by rotating the underwater propeller 736 coaxially mounted by the underwater propeller driving motor 735 placed on the water surface 703. . The rotating flow 737 that is the propeller wake is accompanied by a strong swirling flow and generates a strong axial flow in the propeller axial direction. This method has been widely used where such a relatively strong water flow is required (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 4).

FIG. 19 shows an example of a conventional impeller type or paddle wheel type aeration apparatus. In the figure, 801 is a body of water, 802 is the bottom of the water, 803 is the water surface, 804 is the shore, 805 is a floating body, 810 is a mooring line, 815 is a power cable, 838 is an electric impeller or paddle wheel, 838 'is The direction of rotation of the electric impeller or paddle wheel, 839 indicates a motor for driving the impeller or paddle wheel rotation, and 840 indicates a surface flow generated by the electric impeller or paddle wheel 838.
In the aeration apparatus of the impeller type or paddle wheel type shown in FIG. 19, the electric impeller or paddle wheel 838 that rotates around the horizontal axis fixed by the bearing on the floating body 805 has a relatively shallow water culture pond. For the purpose of resolving the stagnation of water, etc., the aeration is promoted and the flow of surface water is promoted in the manner shown in FIG. It is widely used in aquaculture ponds such as shrimp (see, for example, Non-Patent Documents 5 and 6).

Masamitsu Arita, “Environment in the hydrosphere”, Tokyo Denki University Press, December 20, 1999, first edition, p. 262-264 “Umisumashi Technology Development”, [online], Yokohama National University Water Environment Laboratory, [searched on July 11, 2014], Internet <URL: http://www.cvg.ynu.ac.jp/G2 /umisumashi.html> Hironori Honda, Ken Nasu, Hironori Kasai, Masaru Yoshinaga, “Natural purification method of eutrophied polluted water area (-Direct purification technology of closed water area by Jet Streamer)”, Environmental purification technology, November 1, 2011, Vol. 10, No. 6, p. 82-88 “Screw-type aerator“ Sparotor ”Ace”, [online], Hitachi Plant Service, Ltd. [searched on July 10, 2014], Internet <URL: http://www.hitachi-hps.co.jp/ products / wastewater / sparotor_ace / index.html> Tetsuo Ide, “Water Treatment Optics / Theory and Applications”, Gigodo Publishing, June 15, 1999, 2nd edition, p. 257 “Paddle Wheel Aerator TA66H”, [online], Hayashi Fish Farm, [searched on July 10, 2014], Internet <URL: http://hayashitrout.com/wheel.html>

  12 to 19 shown in the prior art are several examples of techniques used for promoting the vertical circulation of water in a stagnant closed water area, each of which has the following drawbacks. Yes.

(1) <Intermittent pneumatic water bottle (Fig. 12)> After the rising water mass diffuses radially on the surface of the water, if it descends regularly and speedily from the concentric greenery as part of forced convection, the vertical circulation of the water body Although it can be said that it can have a certain effect on the promotion, in the surrounding green of the concentric circle (radius r), the flow range increases in proportion to r ² as the radius r increases, and the flow velocity rapidly decreases accordingly. . Therefore, it can be said that the effect that the bottom layer water is lifted to the water surface is obvious, but there is a place where the downward flow reaches the bottom of the water and is taken into the upward flow again, and an efficient downward flow is demonstrated at an accelerated concentration. Not.

(2) <Air diffuser type aeration system (FIG. 13)> The upward flow caused by the air diffuser bubble is limited to the vicinity of the upward bubble flow, and the up and down circulation flows over a wide range of water body away from the upward bubble flow. It cannot be said that it is formed. There is no place where an accelerating and concentrated downflow that directly contributes to the vertical circulation is possible.

(3) <Pump and duct system (FIGS. 14 and 15)> These are: “If the bottom of the hypoxic water mass is lifted and discharged directly to the surface layer via the pump duct, or conversely, the surface layer is rich in oxygen. The water mass transfer was devised based on the idea that the difference in dissolved oxygen concentration between the top and bottom would be eliminated if a simple water mass was sent directly to the anoxic layer at the bottom through the pump duct. It is a method. However, the low-temperature water mass lifted from the bottom layer and discharged to the surface layer mostly returns to the original bottom layer by the principle of the difference in water temperature density, so that the effect of the vertical circulation is not always effectively exhibited. Conversely, the idea of sucking high temperature surface water with a pump and discharging it to the bottom layer through the flexible duct is discharged from the lower end of the flexible duct into the bottom layer low temperature water layer for the same principle. Since the high temperature surface water tends to return to the original surface layer by the principle of the difference in water temperature density, the effect of the vertical circulation is not always effectively exhibited. In the end, the water masses of different water temperatures are simply discharged and replaced, but they do not effectively mix and diffuse with each other, re-separate based on the principle of water temperature density difference, and tend to return to the raw water temperature layer, After all, there is a strong possibility that the situation of the promotion of vertical circulation will not be fully fulfilled. (Reason: When turbulent (irreversible) mixing of low-temperature water and high-temperature water does not occur, low-temperature water and high-temperature water are easily re-separated by the principle of water temperature density difference, and each returns to the original water temperature layer. By continuing to have a tendency to try.)

(4) <Deep-layer aeration device (FIG. 16)> This vertical circulation device exerts an aeration effect while pumping up the bottom-layer water, and uses the ascending flow effect (air lift effect) of the aeration device as it is. Although it is a method of feeding, it is necessary to prepare a down pipe in addition to the up pipe. Therefore, structurally and mechanically relatively large scale, precise and complicated adjustment is required, and both initial cost and maintenance cost are large. Therefore, although it is a vertical circulation promotion measure, there is a great difficulty that it is not a method that can be easily applied to any water area.

(5) <Pump-driven flow promoting device (FIG. 17)> A directional turbulent mixed flow is created in the flow straightening cylinder using a driven water pump, thereby promoting vertical circulation. Since this is a turbulent irreversible mixed flow, there is no tendency of the raw water temperature stratification of the discharged water which is concerned in the case of FIGS. However, when the drive water pump is separately installed on the floating body, the initial cost is increased, and the countermeasure for controlling dust in the water absorption pipe is very important, and the cleaning and maintenance costs are also high.

(6) <Propeller-type water flow generation method (Fig. 18)> If this method is used in a shallow pond, etc., it will cause sediments to be rolled up by the propeller-generated flow (scouring the bottom of the water), resulting in changes in the water surface. This may cause serious problems in the water environment prior to the promotion of vertical circulation, and careful consideration is required when setting the acceptance or installation angle. Although it can be said that it can be applied to a place requiring a strong local flow, there is a problem that it cannot be said to be a countermeasure device that can be effectively used at any time for the purpose of vertical circulation.

(7) <Impeller type or paddle wheel type aeration apparatus (FIG. 19)> Widely used in aquaculture farms with shallow water depth, etc., and effective in promoting aeration and surface water flow. However, if the water depth becomes relatively deep, it will be difficult to function effectively for eliminating the stagnation of the bottom water and replenishing oxygen to the bottom layer. As a result, the decisive factor will be lacking, and it will be necessary to separately seek countermeasures for deeper water.

As mentioned above, although the difficulty of the technique used conventionally was described, when these are summarized and described, it is as follows.
1) For the purpose of vertical circulation, it is desirable that a downward flow is also generated along with the upward flow. However, in the above methods (1) to (7), only (4) is the one that causes the concentrated downward flow. Limited.
2) It is (4) that produces a concentrated downflow according to the upflow generation. However, (4) has a problem in that it has a structurally and mechanically large scale and requires precise and complicated adjustment. In short, both initial cost and maintenance cost are large, and there is a difficulty that it is not a method that can be easily applied to any water area, and a major difficulty that a target downflow cannot be generated unless a downcomer is provided. There is.
3) To sum up, in the conventional methods, “a method that produces a concentrated and accelerating downward flow according to the generation of the upward flow and can clearly be said to be effective in promoting the vertical circulation between the surface layer and the bottom layer. Is not found. In addition, the structure of the device is simple in terms of equipment configuration, there are no precise adjustment points or wear points, the initial cost is low, the durability is high, maintenance and dust countermeasures are simple, and the running cost is low. I don't see any method that can be said.

  In view of the above-described problems, the present invention has been devised to solve the problems. The object of the present invention is a plurality of ascending flow generators arranged in a regular polygon shape in water. With the generated upward flow, a diffusion flow that diffuses concentrically on the water surface is generated, and using the mutual interference between the diffusion flows, the center of the regular polygonal shape where each upward flow generation device is arranged, Vertical and vertical circulation methods and vertical circulation in a closed water area that can induce continuous, accelerated and concentrated downward flow from the surface of the water to the bottom of the water and improve the water quality of the closed water area by up and down flow due to upward and downward flow To provide an apparatus.

  In order to achieve the above object, the invention according to claim 1 is directed to generate an upward flow with each of the plurality of upward flow generators arranged upward in a regular polygonal shape in the water, so that the upper water surface of each upward flow generator In the center of the regular polygonal shape in which each upflow generator is arranged, using the mutual interference between adjacent diffusion flows, respectively, It consists of means for inducing continuous, accelerating and concentrated downflow from the water surface to the bottom of the water and improving the water quality in the closed water area by up-down and down-flow flows.

  In order to achieve the above-described problems, the invention of claim 2 is characterized in that the adjacent arrangement interval L of each of the plurality of upward flow generators arranged upward in a regular polygon shape in water and the upward flow of each upward flow generator The diameter D of the cylindrical body that generates the pressure is in the range of L / D = 4 to 25, and the upward flow is generated by each of the multiple upward flow generators arranged in a regular polygonal shape in the water. A regular polygon in which each upflow generator is arranged by generating concentrically diffusing diffusion flows generated in the upward flow on the upper water surface of the flow generator and utilizing mutual interference between adjacent diffusion flows. It consists of means for inducing a continuous, accelerating and intensive downward flow from the water surface to the bottom of the water at the center of the shape to improve the water quality of the closed water area by the vertical circulation flow.

  In order to achieve the above-described problems, the invention of claim 3 generates an upward flow by each of the plurality of upward flow generators arranged in a regular polygonal shape in the water, and each of the upward flows of the plurality of upward flow generators. A concentric diffusing flow generated by the upflow on the water surface is generated, and a downward flow from the water surface to the bottom is induced in the center of the regular polygon shape by mutual interference between adjacent diffusion flows. This is a vertical circulation method in a closed water area that forms a vertical circulation flow with a downward flow.

  In order to achieve the above-described problems, the invention of claim 4 is a plurality of upward flow generators arranged in a regular polygonal shape in water, each generating an upward flow and generating an upward flow on each upper water surface. A concentric circular diffusion flow is generated, and a downward flow from the water surface to the bottom is induced in the center of the regular polygon shape by mutual interference between adjacent diffusion flows. It is the up-and-down circulation device of the closed water area provided with the several upflow generator which forms a circulation flow.

According to the present invention comprising means for solving the problems, the following extremely novel and beneficial effects are achieved.
<< 1 >> Concentrated accelerating downflow is generated as the upflow is generated, and is clearly an effective method for promoting vertical circulation between the surface layer and the bottom layer.
<< 2 >> A device that is relatively simple in terms of structure and device configuration can be used as the device, and the initial cost can be reduced.
<3> No wear points and high durability.
<< 4 >> Maintenance and dust countermeasure problems are simple.
<5> It is easy to estimate the flow rate of the downward flow.
<6> Low energy consumption (running cost).

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is a whole conceptual diagram in the case of producing a downflow using the upflow generator which shows the form for implementing this invention. It is the top view which produced | generated the concentric circular diffusion flow on the water surface using the three upflow generators which show the form for implementing this invention. It is a schematic side view of FIG. 2A. It is experiment explanatory drawing when a downward flow is produced using the four upflow generators which show the form for implementing this invention. It is the top view which arrange | positioned four upflow generators which show the form for implementing this invention in square shape, and produced | generated the concentric circular diffusion flow on the water surface. It is the top view which arrange | positioned four upflow generators in the shape of an equilateral triangle, and produced | generated the concentric circular diffusion flow on the water surface. It is the top view which arrange | positioned the five upward flow generators which show the form for implementing this invention in the equilateral triangle shape, and produced | generated the concentric circular diffusion flow on the water surface. It is the top view which has arrange | positioned five upward flow generators in square shape and equilateral triangle shape, and produced | generated the concentric circular diffusion flow on the water surface. It is the top view which has arrange | positioned five upward flow generators in regular pentagon shape, and produced | generated the concentric circular diffusion flow on the water surface. It is a list figure which shows the arrangement effect of the upflow generation device which shows the form for carrying out this invention, and the increase effect of the descending flow rate (the 1 "60 degrees system"). It is a list figure which shows arrangement of an upflow generation device which shows a form for carrying out this invention, and an increase effect of downflow (part 2 “90 ° system”). FIG. 3 is a relationship diagram of a plurality of combined radixes of a rising flow generator and a downward flow generation efficiency showing an embodiment for carrying out the present invention. It is a perspective view of the combination up-and-down circulation device of the three upflow generators which shows the form for carrying out this invention. It is a perspective view of another combination up-and-down circulation device of three upflow generators which shows a form for carrying out this invention. It is a related figure of the arrangement interval of each upflow generator which shows the form for carrying out this invention, and the cylindrical diameter of an upflow generator. It is explanatory drawing of the conventional intermittent type air pump. It is explanatory drawing of the conventional diffuser plate type aeration system. It is explanatory drawing of the conventional pump duct system. It is explanatory drawing of the conventional pump duct system. It is explanatory drawing of the conventional deep layer aeration apparatus. It is explanatory drawing of the conventional pump drive flow promotion apparatus. It is explanatory drawing of the conventional propeller type water flow generation system. It is explanatory drawing of the conventional impeller type or a paddle wheel type aeration apparatus.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Water body 2 Bottom of water 3 Water surface 4 Land coast 5 Upflow generator 5a Air diffuser type cylindrical upflow generator model 6 Concentric diffusion flow 7 Air compressor 8 Compressed air supply hose 8a Compressed air distribution hose 9 Sinker DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Mooring line 14 Water flow 15 Upflow 16 Mixed water mass 42 Downflow 44,52 Air blowing device 45,53 Air branch pipe 46,54 Connecting material 47,55 Clamping device 48,56 Buoyant material 49 Water flow direction sensor / tracer

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically based on embodiments for carrying out the invention described in the drawings.
In the closed water area circulation method of the present invention, a plurality of upward flow generators 5 (see FIG. 1) are used in the water in order to improve the water quality by the vertical circulation flow of the water body 1 (see FIG. 1) in the closed water area. .) Is arranged. The plurality of upward flow generators 5 are arranged in a regular polygonal shape. The vertical circulation device in the closed water area of the present invention is constituted by a plurality of upward flow generating devices 5 arranged in this regular polygonal shape. Each upflow generator 5 is arranged at each vertex position of a regular polygon shape. The regular polygon shape of the minimum unit is a regular triangle, and includes a square, a regular pentagon, a regular hexagon, and the like that are sequentially increased. There are also a plurality of combinations of equilateral triangle units, and a plurality of combinations of different regular polygons such as regular triangles and squares. Further, the regular polygon shape includes the same internal angles of each side and each vertex of the polygon, and includes a manufacturing error of ± 20% for the internal angles of each side and each vertex.

  FIG. 1 shows an overall conceptual diagram of an up-and-down circulation device in a closed water area when an upflow generator 5 is arranged in the water of a water body 1 in a regular triangle shape. Each ascending flow generator 5 is moored upward in water via a mooring line 10 in a disk-shaped sinker 9 installed on the bottom 2 of the water. For each upflow generator 5, for example, a diffused cylindrical upflow generator is used. The diffused cylindrical upflow generator is a cylindrical body in which an opening is arranged upward. Each upward flow generator 5 generates an upward flow 15 through bubbles. Bubbles are generated by compressed air sent by a compressed air supply hose 8 from an air compressor 7 placed on the shore 4. As the bubbles rise, the water flow 14 is sucked into the cylinder from the cylindrical lower end opening of each upflow generator 5. From the cylindrical upper end opening of each upward flow generating device 5 arranged in the water, a mixed water mass of water and bubbles emerges in the direction of the water surface 3 directly above, and the upward mixed water mass is directed upward. A flow, that is, an upward flow 15 is generated. On the water surface 3 directly above each upflow generator 5, an air-mixed water mass 16 rising in the water appears, and the water surface 3 undulates.

  The air-mixed water mass 16 that appears on the water surface 3 diffuses concentrically around it. As a result, a concentric diffusion flow 6 is generated on the water surface 3 by the upflow 15 caused by the mixed water mass 16 appearing from the water. The concentric diffused flow 6 generated on the water surface 3 directly above each upward flow generating device 5 spreads while maintaining a concentric shape around it. The diffusion flows 6 that are concentrically expanded collide with each other because the adjacent diffusion flows 6 collide with each other. The diffusion flows 6 that interfere with each other are divided in the left-right direction around a line connecting the centers of the concentric diffusion flows 6. One of the diffusion flows 6 flows toward the center portion X (center axis XX) of the equilateral triangle shape where the upward flow generation device 5 is disposed by mutual interference.

  Each diffusion flow 6 gathers continuously from the periphery toward the center portion X of the equilateral triangle shape of the water surface 3. In the equilateral triangle shape, 1/6 of the mixed water mass 16 generated by one upflow generator 5, that is, a total of 1/2 (one upflow generator from the three upflow generators 5). The diffusion flow 6 of the mixed water mass 16 corresponding to 1/2 of the upward flow 15 generated by the mixed water mass 16 generated in 5 is continuously gathered toward the center portion X of the equilateral triangle shape. The water collected from the entire circumference of the equilateral triangular center X loses its destination and flows from the water surface 3 toward the bottom 2 due to the continuity of the fluid. In this way, a downward downward flow 42 is generated in the center portion X (center axis XX) of the equilateral triangle shape due to the mutual interference of the diffusion flow 6.

  That is, the upward flow 15 forcibly generated by the upward flow generating devices 5 at the locations corresponding to the positions of the apexes of the equilateral triangle shape spreads around the water surface 3 as a concentric circular diffusion flow 6. And the adjacent downward flow 6 mutually interferes, and the downward flow 42 is induced in the center part X of equilateral triangle shape. Due to the upward flow 15 and the downward flow 42, a vertical circulation flow is generated in the water body 1 in the closed water area. Through this vertical circulation, the water quality of the water body 1 in the closed water area will be improved.

  On the other hand, the remaining diffusion flow 6 that has flowed toward the outside of the equilateral triangle shape due to mutual interference begins to gradually descend from the water surface 3 while further diffusing. At this time, another upflow generator 5 is arranged in the water outside the equilateral triangle, and a new equilateral triangle is formed by another upflow generator 5 and the two existing upflow generators 5. Thus, the downward flow 42 can be generated in the same manner. When three upflow generators 5 are used, a downflow 42 that is 1/2 of the upflow 15 generated by one upflow generator 5 is induced, but four upflow generators 5 are used. Can be used to induce the same amount of the downward flow 42 as the upward flow 15 generated by one upward flow generation device 5 when arranged so as to form two equilateral triangles or one square. It becomes. A combination of the plurality of upflow generators 5 will be described later.

  As described above, when a plurality of upflow generators 5 are installed close to each other, the flow generated by each group is hydrodynamically interfered, and the combination of the plurality of convection systems results in mutual interference. A concentrated and accelerating downward flow 42 is generated in the central portion X (central axis XX). In other words, the downward flow that cannot be clearly defined by the use of a single unit, if a plurality of upflow generators 5 are installed in close proximity to each other, the downward flow based on the upflow 15 is extremely effective as an interference effect of the multiple units of flow. It can be seen that this occurs clearly. This downward flow is formed as a clear downward concentrated and accelerating flow that flows through and passes through the downward flow compartment as if there is a downward duct that is not visible.

As described above, the upflow generators 5 are combined and arranged, and a plurality of concentric diffusion flows 6 generated on the water surface 3 by these upflows 15 are caused to interfere with each other. The generation of the downflow 42 was verified by flow simulation calculation. Next, in order to confirm this as an actual physical phenomenon, a small circular aquarium was used and a water flow visualization experiment was conducted using a small model.
There are four models of the upward flow generator 5 used. This corresponds to the combination arrangement shown in FIG. 4A (n = 4). An example of a photograph taken under the surface of the water in this experiment is shown in FIG. In this photograph, 1 is a water body of an experimental water tank (a cylinder of about 1.5 m in diameter and about 80 cm in depth), 2 is a water bottom, 3 is a water surface, 5a is a diffused cylindrical upflow generator model, and 8 is a compression model. An air supply hose, 9 is a sinker, 10 is a mooring line, and 49 is a water flow direction sensor / tracer.
“Blow-off” as a water flow direction sensor / tracer 49 on the vertical axis passing through the midpoint of the four diffused cylindrical upflow generator models 5a from the water surface 3 to the water. The fibers were bundled and fluttered in the direction of flow in water), and the direction of the tip of this water flow direction sensor / tracer 49 was observed. When the water flow direction sensor / tracer 49 was landed, the tips of the water flow direction sensor / tracer 49 were all upward (water surface) due to the buoyancy of the vinyl fibers. The tips of the tracer 49 are all fluttering downward as seen in the photo. This was determined to indicate the direction of concentrated downflow 42 occurring at this location in the water. In addition to this, the same result was obtained in visualization observation (moving image shooting) using an ink sink. Further, after the water flow experiment was completed, when the water in the water tank stopped, all the tips of the water flow direction sensor / tracer 49 faced upward (water surface side). This also shows that a downward water flow, that is, a downward flow 42 from the water surface 3 toward the bottom 2 occurred in the midpoint region of the arrangement point of the plurality of diffused cylindrical upflow generator models 5a in this experiment. .
As described above, when a plurality of upflow generators 5 are combined and arranged, a concentrated downflow 42 is generated on the axis of the central portion X of the arrangement point of the plurality of upflow generators 5. Verified.

The generation of the concentrated downward flow 42 by the combination of the plurality of upward flow generators 5, that is, the number of generation points of the combination arrangement radix n and the downward flow 42 will be described below.
Up to this point, it has been explained that a concentrated and accelerated downflow 42 can be generated by combining and interfering with a plurality of upflow generators 5 and a method of generating such downflow 42. In addition, as a verification example of the occurrence of such a phenomenon, the result of the visualization model experiment has been cited and explained. Next, as an explanation of the generation of the downward flow 42 by combining a plurality of upward flow generators 5, how the downward flow 42 is generated when the combination arrangement number n is changed in the range of n = 3-5. The following is an explanation of this.

(1) n = 3 (FIGS. 2A and 2B)
The minimum value n = 3 of the combined radix n will be described with reference to FIGS. 2A and 2B.
2A and 2B show that when the three upflow generators 5 are operated with the respective central axes passing through the vertices of an equilateral triangle when the water area is viewed from above, each of the upflow generators 5 is operated. The case where the concentric diffusion flow 6 spreads outward around the central axis of the upper water surface 3 and the outer circumferences of the respective concentric diffusion flows 6 come into contact with each other is illustrated.
In the figure, the center portion X of the equilateral triangle has a water flow lifted up to the water surface by the three upflow generators 5 arranged in the equilateral triangle shape and falls downward toward the bottom 2 of the water. The central axis of the water flow sent out to is shown.
In the figure, when the upflow 15 generated by each of the three upflow generators 5 reaches the water surface 3 and becomes a concentric diffusion flow 6 and spreads around it, the concentric diffusion flows of each other The flow of the water surface 3 in the region surrounded by the contact points 6 gathers toward the central part X of a substantially equilateral triangle formed by an arcuate curve, is sucked into the central part X, and descends toward the water bottom 2. . At this time, the amount of water descending toward the bottom 2 of the mixed water mass 16 pushed up to the water surface by one upflow generator 5 is a radial shape in a fan-shaped region obtained by cutting a circle at a central angle of 60 degrees. Limited to flow. Therefore, when the total amount of omnidirectional radiant water flow occurring at a central angle of 360 degrees is 1, the amount of water in the range of the central angle of 60 degrees is
1 × (60 ° / 360 °) = 1/6 (a)
Is calculated. The fact that 1/6 of the amount of water lifted by the one upflow generator 5 to the water surface 3 contributes is because there are three, so (60 ° / 360 °) × 3 units = 3/6 = 1 / 2. Therefore, the flow rate of the downward flow 42 flowing down the center of the center portion X of the equilateral triangle is 1/2 of the flow rate of one upward flow 15. (For example, when three upflow generators 5 are driven using an air compressor with an output of 3.7 kW (air volume: 500 L / min), the dynamic water flow rate per unit is 720,000 (tons in the summer). (There is an example measured to the extent of / day), but in this case, the flow rate of the downflow 42 exerted in combination with the three units is estimated to be 360,000 (tons / day).)

(2) n = 4 (FIGS. 4A and 4B)
The combination radix n = 4 will be described with reference to FIGS. 4A and 4B.
FIG. 4A shows a concentric diffused flow that grows for each base when the four upward flow generators 5 are operated with the central axes passing through the vertices of a square when viewed from above the water area. The case where the outer periphery of 6 comes in contact with each other is illustrated.
FIG. 4A is a diagram (hereinafter, abbreviated as “90 ° system”) in which four units of the upflow generator 5 are used as basic combination units. In the figure, the center X of the square shape is a stream of water that is raised up to the water surface by four contact points between the outer circumferences of the concentric circular flow 6 and falls into a substantially square narrow space and is sent downward toward the bottom of the water. A central axis XX is shown.
FIG. 4B shows that the four upward flow generators 5 viewed from the top of the water area are operated by placing each central axis at a position passing through each vertex of a parallelogram formed of two regular triangles. The upflow 15 generated by the four upflow generators 5 reaches the water surface and flows as a concentric circular diffusion flow 6, and two equilateral triangular shapes surrounded by three contact points of the concentric circular diffusion flow 6. It is shown that the water surface flow in each region is sucked into the gap between the central portions X of the respective regions and descends toward the bottom of the water (hereinafter referred to as “60 ° system”).
In the “60 ° system” of FIG. 4B, the parallelogram is composed of two equilateral triangles, so the discussion of the downward flow contribution holds as it is, and the downward flow 42 with the central portion X as the central axis is at two locations. Each of them is formed, and the above-described estimation rule (a) holds. That is, for FIG. 4B,
[(60 ° / 360 °) × 3] × 2 = 1 (b)
Holds.
Next, in the case of FIG. 4A, when each of the four upward flows 15 reaches the water surface and flows as a concentric diffusion flow 6, a region surrounded by the four contact points of the concentric diffusion flow 6. The flow of the inner water surface 3 is sucked into the space between the substantially cross-shaped central portions X and descends toward the water bottom 2. At this time, the amount of water of the downward flow 42 flowing toward the bottom 2 of the mixed water mass 16 pushed up to the water surface 3 by one upflow generator 5 is a fan shape obtained by cutting a circle at a central angle of 90 degrees. Limited to radial flow in the region. Therefore, when the total amount of radiant water flow generated at the central angle of 360 degrees is 1, the amount of water in the range of the central angle of 90 degrees is
1 × (90 ° / 360 °) = 1/4 (c)
Is calculated. The fact that ¼ of the amount of water lifted to the water surface by one upflow generator 5 contributes is (90 ° / 360 °) × 4 units = 1 because this is four in this case. Accordingly, the flow rate of the downward flow 42 flowing down the center between the substantially cross-shaped central portions X is equal to 1 when one upward flow rate is 1. (For example, if there is an example in which the flow rate of water per unit is measured to be about 720,000 (tons / day) in the summer, the downward flow 42 that is exhibited in combination with four units will be obtained. The flow rate of water flow is estimated to be 720,000 (tons / day).)

(3) n = 5 (FIGS. 5A, 5B, and 5C)
The combination radix n = 5 will be described with reference to FIGS. 5A, 5B, and 5C.
FIGS. 5A to 5C show concentric circles that grow for each base when the five upward flow generating devices 5 as viewed from above the water area are arranged and operated in shapes as shown in the respective central axes. The case where the outer periphery of the diffusion flow 6 comes into contact with each other is illustrated. 5A is the above-mentioned “60 ° system”, FIG. 5B is a combined system of “60 ° system” and “90 ° system”, and FIG. 5C is a “petal circle that is neither“ 60 ° system ”nor“ 90 ° system ”. The case where the contact condition of “circumferential contact” is shown is shown.
4A and 4B, FIG. 5A can be decomposed into “60 ° system” regular triangles × 3 pieces. Therefore, the above-mentioned estimation rule (a) holds, and in this case,
[(60 ° / 360 °) × 3] × 3 = 1.5 (d)
It becomes the magnification of.
FIG. 5B is a mixed system of “60 ° system” and “90 ° system”, but the estimation rule (a) is established for “60 ° system” and the estimation rule (c) is established for “90 ° system”. The estimation of the flow rate of the downward flow 42 can be easily performed using these.
Next, as shown in FIG. 5C, as a problem when sorting and arranging the convective contact conditions such as “60 ° system” and “90 ° system”, it is a contact condition that does not apply to these conditions. There is a problem of what happens when the flow generators 5 are in contact with each other at equal intervals on the circumference. If the classification name of the contact condition is referred to as “petal ring contact system”, the estimated value changes for each radix n of the upflow generator 5, and a simple value such as “60 ° system” or “90 ° system” is used. Cannot be converted.
Now, when the angle value necessary for estimating the flow rate of the descending flow 42 is obtained with respect to the contact condition of FIG. 5C, it is entered in the figure. In other words, when the water flow rate of the upflow 15 lifted to the water surface 3 by one upflow generator 5 is 1, in the “petal ring contact” with n = 5, how many of these are the downflow 42. Whether to contribute to the flow rate is estimated as follows using these angle values.
[(54 ° × 2/360 °) × 5] = 1.5 (e)
That is, in the “petal ring contact” with n = 5, when the total amount of water flow rate that one upflow generator 5 lifts to the water surface 3 is 1, the downflow rate is 1.5 times.

(4) Trend of Downward Flowing Water Flow Rate for n = 3-11 The flow rate of the downward flow 42 generated when the combination radix n is changed to 3-5 has been described above. FIG. 8 shows a list of the combined radix n on the horizontal axis. In the figure, the straight line rising in the right-hand direction is the number η of the number of generation points of the downward flow 42 to be generated when a plurality of combination radix n is changed in the combination of the upward flow generator 5. In other words, when the water flow rate of the upward flow 15 lifted to the water surface 3 by one upflow generation device 5 is 1, the dynamic water flow rate of the accelerated concentrated downward flow 42 generated by a certain combination is several times that. Shows how it will be.
For example, in the case of n = 10, it can be seen that a downward flow equivalent to the case where all of the flow rates of the upward flow 15 by a total of 5 units are flowed downward can be generated by combining a combination of 60 ° system and 90 ° system. . In addition, if the arrangement | sequence system of a composite combination is changed with respect to n = 9, 10, 11, etc., the number of the generation | occurrence | production points of the downward flow 42 will change. By examining how it changes for what kind of combination, what can be generally said is that if the arrangement of multiple groups is made a thin arrangement of layers centering on two rows, it changes like the straight line in the figure However, the value of η increases when the number of layers is three and when the number of layers is three or more in both the vertical and horizontal directions. In other words, whether it is a “60 ° system” or a “90 ° system”, if an arrangement that utilizes the hydrodynamic interference action in combination with the adjacent upward flow generator 5 in both the vertical and horizontal directions is aimed at. It can be seen that a high η value is obtained.
As described above, the generation of the concentrated downflow 42 by combining a plurality of the upflow generators 5 and the idea of estimating the generation rate η of the downflow 42 by these have been described. When the vertical circulation of the water body 1 is desired to be promoted, the method and method of the vertical circulation device described here can be used as a method for efficiently performing this.

About the method of estimating the downward flow water flow rate As an example of combining a plurality of upflow generators 5, forced convection in the case where three units are installed axisymmetrically with respect to the central axis of an equilateral triangle is conceptually shown in FIG. 1. These show how the forced convections in which a plurality of upflow generators 5 are installed close to each other interfere with each other.
By these, the method of estimating the dynamic water flow rate of the downward flow 42 with respect to the composite combination arrangement will be described separately for “60 ° system” and “90 ° system”.

1) Approximation of downward dynamic water flow rate for “60 ° system” composite combination arrangement When the flow rate of upflow 15 lifted to the water surface by each upflow generator 5 is 1, downflow 42 generated by these composite combination arrangements It will be described in a little more detail how much magnification η is estimated for this flow rate.
First, the “60 ° system” composite combination arrangement will be described. The basics of the “60 ° system” composite combination arrangement are the three vertical axes passing through the vertices of the equilateral triangle of the bottom 2 as described above. 5 × 3 ascending flow generators having respective central axes are arranged. This will be described with reference to FIG. Concentric diffused flow 6 produced by three upflow generators 5 (represented as (A), (B), and (C), respectively) having central axes aa, b-b, and c-c. (Represented as (A), (B), and (C), respectively) are close to each other, and the symbols in the water surface 3 are in contact with the centers of the line segments AB, BC, and CA. 1.
When the upflow 15 generated by a single upflow generator 5 reaches the water surface 3, it diffuses as a concentric diffusion flow 6 in the direction of 360 ° around the water surface 3 from the water surface arrival point. To do. Taking the point A in the water surface 3 in FIG. 1 as an example, the total amount 1 of the upward flow rate of the upward flow generator 5 (A) tries to diffuse concentrically in the direction of 360 ° after reaching the water surface. . In the concentric diffused flow 6 of the airframe of each upward flow generating device 5 in FIG. 1, the direction of the diffused flow in the water surface 3 is illustrated by dividing the direction of six arrows every 60 ° for convenience. For example, the upward flow 15 that flows horizontally from the point A to the surroundings diffuses evenly in the 360 ° direction, so that the fan-shaped portion (diffusion) delimited by the positions of six arrows in the water surface 3 with the point A as the center. Speaking of the water surface 3 of the stream 6 (A), the fan-shaped part between the line connecting the CA and the line connecting AB in the diffusion flow 6 (A) × six fan-shaped parts (all central angles are 60 °). )) Is totally congruent in both shape and flow distribution, and the total in the 360 ° range of flow is 1. The rising flow 15 flowing through the water surface 3 of the concentric circular diffusion flow 6 (A) is a point where adjacent concentric diffusion flows 6 (B) and 6 (C) and the diffusion flow 6 (A) are in contact with each other (respectively It turns to the downward flow 42 via the upper edge of the diffusion flow (A) within the range defined by the contact AB and the contact CA) (contact CA to arc of contact AB).
Therefore, as seen from the diffusion flow 6 (A) of forced convection, at least one-sixth of the ascending flow rate 1 reaching the water surface turns into the descending flow 42. Exactly the same thing occurs in B and C of the concentric circular diffusion flow 6, so the flow rate of the upflow 15 generated by the three upflow generation devices 5 (A, B, C) is changed to the downflow 42. The turning ratio is at least as follows.
[Flow rate of upflow 15 generated by one upflow generator 5 (1) × the ratio of turning to downflow 42 (1/6)] × contributing number of basic components of upflow generator 5 (3)
= [(1) x (1/6)] x (3)
= (1/6) x 3
= 1/2 (Formula 1)
Here, (1/6) may be rewritten as (= 60 ° / 360 °) in terms of meaning.
From the above, the fact that 1/6 of the amount of water lifted to the water surface by one upflow generator 5 contributes is that when 3 units are added, 1 × (60 ° / 360 °) × 3 units = 3 / 6 = 1/2. Therefore, the flow rate of the downward flow 42 flowing down the central portion X between the substantially equilateral triangles surrounded by the bodies of the three upward flow generation devices 5 is 1 / 2 For example, when the three upflow generators 5 are driven using an air compressor with an output of 3.7 kW (air amount 500 L / min), the water flow rate reaching the water surface per unit is 720,000 in the summer. There is a track record of a bubble-driven upflow generator measured as (ton / day). Then, the downward dynamic water flow rate exhibited by one set of the combined combination arrangement in which three of these are combined is estimated to be 720,000 (tons / day) × (1/2) = 360,000 (tons / day). Will be. In this way, for the “60 ° system” composite combination arrangement, when N sets are applied in combination with the basic configuration (three equilateral triangle arrangements) of this composite combination, the rise of one unit is increased. Assuming that the flow rate is 1, the total amount of the downward flow rate to be generated can be calculated by writing the magnification 0.5 shown in the above (Equation 1) as (η60 ° ≡0.5).
Total amount of downward flow generated (magnification for 1)
= (Η60 °) × N (Expression 2)
Can be written as:

2) Approximate downward water flow rate for the “90 ° system” composite combination arrangement Next, the “90 ° system” composite combination arrangement will be described. As described above, there are four arrangements of the upward flow generating device 5 having the central axes on the four vertical axes passing through the apexes of the square of the bottom 2. Concentric diffusion flows 6 (respectively (A), (B), (C)) produced by four upward flow generators 5 (respectively denoted as (A), (B), (C), (D)), respectively. , (D)) are close to each other and are in axial symmetry with respect to the central portion X (XX axis) (n = 4). As in the case of the previous section, when the upflow 15 generated by a single upflow generator 5 reaches the water surface 3, the concentric diffused flow 6 from the water surface arrival point toward the surrounding 360 ° direction around the water surface 3 And diffuses around. As in the previous section, for example, the total amount 1 of the upward flow rate of the device A tries to spread radially in the direction of 360 ° after reaching the water surface. In FIG. 4A, in the concentric diffusion flow 6 of the airframe of each upflow generator 5, the direction of the diffusion flow in the water surface 3 is divided by 16 arrows indicating the flow direction every 22.5 ° for convenience. Are shown.
For example, ascending flow that flows horizontally from the point corresponding to the water surface on the central axis of a certain aircraft to the surroundings spreads evenly in the direction of 360 °, so 16 pieces in the water surface 3 centering on the central axis Sixteen fan-shaped parts (sector-shaped central angle = 22.5 °) separated by arrows in the figure are totally congruent in both shape and flow rate distribution, and the total in the 360 ° range of flow rate is 1. . The flow rate of the upflow 15 flowing through the water surface of a certain concentric diffusion flow (for example, 6 (A)) is equal to the adjacent concentric diffusion flow (for example, 6 (B), 6 (C), or 6 (D)). And the diffusion flow 6 (A) turn to the downward flow 42 via the upper edge of the diffusion flow 6 (A) within a range defined by two points where the diffusion flow 6 (A) contacts.
Accordingly, when viewed from the concentric circular flow 6 (A), the upward flow 1 is reduced by 4 fan sections (ie 90 °) divided by 22.5 °, that is, 1/4 of the total amount 1 is lowered. It will turn to stream 42. Exactly the same thing occurs for each of the concentric diffusion flows 6 (B), 6 (C), and 6 (D), so that the four upflow generators 5 (A, B, C, D) The rate at which the flow rate of the generated upflow 15 turns to the downflow 42 is calculated to be at least as follows.
[Flow rate of upflow 15 generated by one upflow generator 5 (1) × the ratio of turning to downflow 42 (1/4)] × number of contributing basic components (4)
= [(1) x (1/4)] x (4)
= (1/4) x 4
= 1 (Formula 3)
Here, (1/4) may be rewritten as (= 90 ° / 360 °) in terms of meaning.
From the above, the fact that ¼ of the amount of water lifted to the water surface by one upflow generator 5 contributes is that when 4 units are added up, 1 × (90 ° / 360 °) × 4 units = 4 / 4 = 1. Therefore, the flow rate of the downward flow flowing down the center of the substantially square gap surrounded by the airframes of the four upward flow generation devices 5 is the same as 1 when the upward flow rate of one unit is 1. . In this way, for the “90 ° system” composite combination arrangement, when applying the basic composition (four square arrangement arrangements) of this composite combination in combination with N sets, the ascending flow rate per unit is increased. Assuming that the total amount of downward flow rate generated is 1, the magnification 1.0 shown in (Equation 2) is written as (η90 ° ≡1.0),
Total amount of downward flow generated (magnification for 1)
= (Η90 °) × N (Formula 4)
Can be written as:
As in the previous section, for example, using the air compressor with an output of 3.7 kW (air quantity 500 L / min), the moving water reaching the water surface per unit when the three upflow generators 5 are driven. Assuming that four of these upflow generators 5 are used based on the results of the bubble-driven upflow generator 5 whose flow rate was measured as 720,000 (tons / day) in the summer, this upflow generation The downward dynamic water flow rate exerted by one set of the combined combination arrangement in which four airframe elements of the device 5 are combined corresponds to the case where N = 1 in (Equation 4), and is estimated to be 720,000 (tons / day). Will be.

3) “60 ° system” (basic unit configuration (3 units)) as mentioned above (as above), as described above for the approximate 60 ° system and 90 ° system mixed combined arrangement set. For Formula 1), Formula 2 and “90 ° system” (basic unit configuration (4 units)), it is possible to estimate the downward dynamic water flow rate based on the concepts of Formula 3 and Formula 4. Therefore, the total amount of downward dynamic water flow generated in an arrangement in which the “60 ° system” and the “90 ° system” are mixed and combined is calculated from (Equation 2) and (Equation 4) as follows: It is estimated as follows.
Total measurement of the downward flow rate of water generated (multiplier to 1) λ
= [(Η60 °) × N ₃₀ + [(η90 °) × N ₄ ] (Formula 5)
However, here
(Η60 °) ≡0.5 (Refer to (Formula 1))
(Η90 °) ≡1.0 (see (Equation 3))
N ₃ = number of sets of basic units composed of “60 ° system” N ₄ = number of sets of basic units composed of “90 ° system”

4) Superposition effect in the hybrid composite combination arrangement of “60 ° system” and “90 ° system” The meanings of the symbols described in the previous section 3) are explained as follows.
N ₃ = 4; N ₄ = 0 Therefore, from (Equation 5), λ = [0.5 × 4] + [1.0 × 0] = 2
N ₃ = 4; N ₄ = 0 Therefore, from (Equation 5), λ = [0.5 × 4] + [1.0 × 0] = 2
N ₃ = 2; N ₄ = 1 Therefore, from (Expression 5), λ = [0.5 × 2] + [1.0 × 1] = 2
Similarly,
N ₃ = 6; N ₄ = 2 Therefore, from (Expression 5), λ = [0.5 × 6] + [1.0 × 2] = 5
N ₃ = 0; N ₄ = 4 Therefore, from (Equation 5), λ = [0.5 × 0] + [1.0 × 4] = 4
Is calculated.
Note that <N ₃ = 6; N ₄ = 2> in “60 ° system” << basic unit configuration (3 units) >> + “90 ° system” << basic unit configuration (4 units) >> is << basic unit configuration ( 3)) × 6 sets + << basic unit configuration (4) >> × 2 sets, which means the number of generation points of the downward flow 42 intensively generated, but the upward flow necessary to generate this The machine base number of the generator 5 is <<< 3 units> × 6 sets + <4 units> × 2 sets = 18 units + 8 units = 26 units are required! Note that it does not necessarily mean>. In fact, the magnification of λ = [0.5 × 6] + [1.0 × 2] = 5 obtained here is achieved with a total of only 10 airframe bases of the upflow generator 5. This is because the so-called fluid conveyor phenomenon, which forms a downward flow, occurs at a point where the condition of the close arrangement is satisfied, and occurs when the condition of the planar arrangement is satisfied. 2A and FIG. 4A are compared. In FIG. 2A, one downflow 42 is generated in a “60 ° system” basic unit configuration (upflow generators × 3). In FIG. 4A, one upflow generator 5 is added to the basic configuration, and a total of four upflow generators 5 are arranged close to each other. Two generation points (center X) are generated. In other words, if one unit is brought close to a close arrangement of “60 ° system” in which the generation point (center part X) of one set of the downflow 42 is established by three upflow generators, the mutual flow will be obtained. Due to the interference, another generation point (center X) of the “60 ° system” descending flow 42 equal to the flow rate condition of FIG. 2A is established. Therefore, the radix of the upflow generator 5 necessary for generating the generation points (central portion X) of the two downflows 42 in total is not <3 + 3 = 6> but <3 + 1 = 4 units>. This effect of reducing the number of generated wakes is caused by a superposition effect of the arrangement of the upward flow generators 5 as an effect, and as a phenomenon by a mutual interference effect of flow by the upward flow generator 5. As described above, by appropriately using a plurality of arrangements, it is possible to effectively increase the water flow rate of the generated downward flow 42 as compared with the radix of the upward flow generation device 5 to be used.

About a method of combining a plurality of units to form a downward flow generator As described above, three upward flow generators 5 which are elements of the vertical circulation device are basically arranged in a “60 ° system”, and “90 ° system” is arranged. As the basis of the above, it has been described that four units can be combined and used as a generator for generating the downward flow 42 that causes the vertical circulation of the water area, but a few examples will be described as to how to perform this.
3 units of upflow generator 5 as “60 ° system” and 4 units as “90 ° system” are directly installed in the water area at a predetermined distance, and the effect of the combined combination arrangement is shown. Of course it is possible. In the “60 ° system”, the three units are concentrated on the vertical axis positions arranged at or near each vertex of the equilateral triangle, and in the “90 ° system”, the four groups are concentrated on the vertical axis positions arranged at or near each vertex of the square. An accelerating downflow can be generated effectively.
FIG. 9 shows, as an example, a plan for constructing three structural bodies in one body with members and installing them in a water area. In the figure, 2 is a water bottom, 5 is a diffused cylindrical upflow generator, 44 is an air blowing device for blowing air into the upflow generating device 5, and 45 is air into the air blowing device 44 of the upflow generating device 5. An air branch pipe for feeding, 46 is a connecting material for connecting the cylinders of the upward flow generating device 5, 47 is a lashing device for fixing the connecting material 46 to the cylinder of the upward flow generating device 5, and 48 is an upward flow generating device. 5 and a buoyancy material used for supporting the underwater weight of the accessory member and floating in the water, 8 is a compressed air supply hose, 8a is a compressed air distribution hose for sending compressed air from the air branch pipe 45 to the air blowing device 44, 9 Is a sinker and 10 is a mooring line. FIG. 9 shows a basic arrangement (for example) “in order to make it convenient to collectively perform the work of arranging and installing the upflow generators 5 at predetermined positions instead of individually installing the upflow generators 5 at predetermined positions. This is a specific example in which the “60 ° system” << basic unit configuration (3 units) >> is integrated to simplify installation work in the water area.
Further, FIG. 10 is the same as the previous figure, and is another example of a plan for simplifying the installation in the water area by configuring the three structural bodies in one body with members. In the figure, 2 is a water bottom, 5 is a diffused cylindrical upflow generator, 52 is an air blowing device for blowing air into the upflow generating device 5, and 53 is air into the air blowing device 52 of the upflow generating device 5. An air branch pipe for feeding, 54 is a connecting material for connecting the cylinders of the upward flow generating device 5, 55 is a lashing device for fixing the connecting material 54 to the cylinder of the upward flow generating device 5, and 56 is an upward flow generating device. 5 and a buoyancy material used for supporting the underwater weight of the accessory member to float underwater, 8 is a compressed air supply hose, 8a is a compressed air distribution hose for sending compressed air from the air branch pipe 53 to the air blowing device 52, 9 Is a sinker and 10 is a mooring line. FIG. 10 shows a specific embodiment for simplifying the installation work in the water area by integrating the upflow generator 5 as in FIG. The difference from FIG. 9 is that the buoyancy material 48 in FIG. 9 is fixed to the cylinder body of each upflow generator 5, whereas in FIG. 10, the buoyancy material 56 generates three upflows. It is attached to a connecting member 54 that connects the device 5 in an equilateral triangle shape, and the buoyancy material 56 is widely distributed and fixed to a structure configured as an integrated device combining a plurality of units. . These are all examples in which the “60 ° system” and three aircrafts are integrated, but in addition to these, the “90 ° system” and four units are integrated into a unified structure, There is a plan to collectively install multiple-group composite element devices used to effectively amplify the downward water flow rate by the superposition effect as a partial composite device of the same shape.

Combination arrangement of multiple units and downflow generation function (Table 1 (FIGS. 6 and 7))
Ascending flow generator 5 which is an element of the vertical circulation device is combined with three units as the basis of the “60 ° system” arrangement and four units as the basis of the “90 ° type” arrangement, Regarding the fact that it can be used as a generator of the downward flow 42 applied to the vertical circulation, the previous section described an embodiment in which the basic arrangement is installed as an integrated type. In this section, considerations regarding a method for generating the downward flow 42 using such an integrated apparatus will be described.
Table 1 (No. 1) shown in FIG. 6 and Table 2 (No. 2) shown in FIG. 7 explain the arrangement of the vertical circulation device and the amplifying operation of the descending flow rate. Table 1 (No. 1) relates to the “60 ° system” arrangement, and Table 2 (No. 2) relates to the “90 ° system” arrangement. In Table 1 (No. 1), for example, “actual set” in the sense that it is a set of basic arrangements in which three bodies (illustrated in FIGS. 9 and 10) configured as an integrated type are actually installed. It is described. “Actual 2 sets” and “Actual 3 sets” mean a set of basic layouts (as shown in FIGS. 9 and 10) that are actually installed are “2 sets” or “3 sets”.
The left end in the inset of Table 1 (No. 1) is an example of arrangement of two actual sets, and an equilateral triangle is an actual set composed of three element bodies of the upflow generator 5. This figure shows that this actual set is installed by shifting in parallel movement by one span of two sets of basic arrangements (the upward flow generating device 5 of the fuselage is rotated by 60 °). Here, at the center point of the actual set, the center X of the generation center of the downward flow 42 generated by the actual set is indicated by +. However, two non-colored equilateral triangles located in the middle of the two real sets as seen from the arrangement of the three upflow generators 5 constituting the real set and the interval (span). The region is actually under fluidic conditions exactly the same as the actual span conditions. Therefore, a downward flow 42 is induced at the center of these two equilateral triangles under exactly the same conditions as the actual set. In other words, here, by operating the actual set × 2 sets, the downward flow 42 under exactly the same flow rate condition is induced at four locations. Since this phenomenon occurs at the position of the mirror image when the mirror is set up on the adjacent boundary surface, it is referred to as the downward flow 42 due to the mirror image effect here. In this case, the amplification factor of the downward flow rate including the downward flow 42 due to the mirror image effect is [the downward flow 42 is induced at four locations / actual two sets = amplification factor 2.0]. When proceeding with the same discussion, the center inset in Table 1 (Part 1) is an example of an arrangement of three actual sets. In such an arrangement, the effect of generating the downward flow by the mirror image effect is The number of equilateral triangles will be 5 and the amplification factor will be [downflow 42 is induced in eight places / actual 3 sets = amplification factor 2.67]. Furthermore, in Table 1 (Part 1), the rightmost inset is an example of the arrangement of four actual sets. However, when arranged in this way, the effect of generating the downward flow 42 by the mirror image effect is positive due to the operation of the actual four sets. The number of triangles is 8 and the amplification factor is [downflow 42 is induced at (4 + 8 =) 12 locations / actual 4 sets = amplification factor 3.0]. Thus, it can be seen that by properly arranging the actual set, the downward flow 42 effective for the vertical circulation can be effectively generated by the induction of the downward flow 42 by the mirror image effect. Table 2 (Part 2) also explains the effect of inducing downflow by the mirror image effect, similar to Table 1 (Part 1), for the “90 ° system”. The colored part of the inset shows the actual set, and the non-colored square part shows the downward flow generation point increased by the mirror image effect for the same reason as described above. In addition to the arrangements illustrated in Tables 1 and 2, almost unlimited arrangements are conceivable, and it is possible to amplify the downflow 42 caused by the mirror image effect. In the lower part of Table 1 and Table 2, an example of trial calculation of downward dynamic water flow rate is shown. This is because, for example, the moving water reaching the water surface 3 (sea surface) when the three bubble-driven upflow generators 5 are operated using an air compressor of 3.7 kW (air amount 500 NL / min). This is the downward dynamic water flow rate for each actual set arrangement example calculated based on the actual flow rate of 720,000 (tons / day) per unit in the summer. It can be seen that, for both “60 ° system” and “90 ° system”, the downward hydrodynamic effect of 100 to several million tons per day is well within the range of such a device.

Eliminating the difficulties of the prior art (1) Combining a plurality of upflow generators 5, at least three or more, and utilizing the fluid engineering mutual interference caused by the close arrangement of these multiple units, at the center of these combined combination arrangements The downward flow 42 is forcibly and intensively generated. This is utilized as a method of effectively guiding the surface water mass to the bottom layer, and effectively promotes vertical circulation.
(2) Since the use of the fact that the accelerating and concentrated downflow 42 is naturally formed by the mutual interference of the fluidic flows generated between the plurality of upflow generators 5 is artificial, The surface water mass can be sent to the bottom layer without special pipes or ducts for downflow.
(3) The basic shape of the close arrangement of the plurality of upward flow generators 5 is 1) the vertical center axis is 1) each vertex position of an equilateral triangle with 3 units (this arrangement is referred to as “60 ° system contact”), 2 3) 4 vertex positions of the square (this arrangement is referred to as “90 ° contact”), and 3) 3 vertex positions of the regular n-gon (this arrangement is referred to as “petal ring contact”). Seed.
(4) Various arrangement methods are conceivable as the proximity arrangement method of a plurality of n groups, but the arrangement is basically proximity contact arrangement, and the configuration can be considered by disassembling these elements 1), 2) and 3). 1) The elements of 2) can be used in combination as shown in the figures and tables.
(5) The upward flow generator 5 uses a circular cross-section cylinder (diameter D × height h), but the ratio of height h / diameter D is in the range of about 2 to 25 as a practical machine. It shall be in For example, a composite venturi type acceleration nozzle is used as an air nozzle.
(6) When the length of one side of the regular triangle of 1), the length of one side of the square of 2), that is, the cylinder interval (span) is written as Lx, For the cylinder diameter D of the upward flow generator 5, the Lx / D ratio is at most about 25 or less.
(7) Estimating the flow rate of forced downward flow (downward dynamic water flow rate) generated in the basic form in accordance with these numerical limits should be very simply based on the estimation formulas listed in the other paragraphs based on elements 1), 2) and 3). Can do.
(8) In the arrangement of a plurality of upflow generators, the three basic arrangements (“60 ° system”), the four basic arrangements (“90 ° system”), and the three basic arrangements, Alternatively, an apparent three-group arrangement or an apparent four-group arrangement that is hydrodynamically equivalent to the basic arrangement may be additionally formed outside the four-group basic arrangement. In principle, each of them exhibits an apparent downward flow generation effect for fluid engineering reasons that are exactly the same as each basic arrangement. As a result, the plurality of upward flow generating device groups arranged has a total flow rate in which the flow rate of the downward flow 42 is amplified more than the number of sets of devices actually installed. (For the sake of convenience, the amplifying effect of the descending flow rate due to the external apparent basic arrangement effect that causes this is called a descending flow rate amplification due to the mirror image effect.)

About the span selection between cylinders As mentioned above, the “60 ° system” (regular triangle, the basic shape of this vertical circulation device is obtained by combining three or four of the upward flow generators 5 described in the previous section in combination. 3-point arrangement) or “90 ° system” (square, 4-point arrangement). At this time, the cylinder interval (span) L between these plural groups is expressed as L ₃ (“60 ° system”) or L ₄ (“90 ° system”) as shown in FIG. But how are these determined? The mutual interference of the concentric diffusion flow 6 on the surface 3 caused by the upward flow 15 of the “60 ° system” (equilateral triangle, three points arrangement) and the “90 ° system” (square, four points arrangement) mentioned above and this The downward flow 42 is generated over a considerably wide range of the cylinder interval (span) L. However, as the radius of the concentric diffusion flow 6 becomes larger, the flow break of the downward flow 42 caused by interference occurs. The area also increases, and the flow velocity of the downward flow 42 also decreases. Now, taking the ratio of the cylinder interval (span) Lx and the cylinder diameter D = Lx / D, taking this as the horizontal axis, an example of the results of investigating the relationship with the downflow generation state is shown in FIG. It is as follows. Here, in the figure,
The region H is a region where the flow cross-sectional area of the portion where the downward flow is generated becomes too narrow, and the overflow / loss tendency of the downward flow 42 is seen.
Region J is a region where the cross-sectional area of the downward flow path is increased, the flow velocity of the downward flow 42 is decreased, and the function as the downward flow generation device is likely to be reduced.
K indicates the Lx / D position of the experimental point in the small model experiment conducted by the inventors. From the above, the selection region of [cylinder interval (span) L / cylinder diameter D] considered practically may be considered to be approximately 4 to 25 or less.

  The vertical circulation method and vertical circulation device of the closed water area of the present invention are intended to improve the water quality of closed water areas such as dams, lakes, water sources, water and sewage facilities, canals, inner bays, harbors, aquaculture farms and ponds, for example. Useful as a method and apparatus.

Claims (6)

The upward flow is generated by a plurality of upward flow generators arranged in a regular polygon shape upward in the water, and the concentric diffused flow generated by the upward flow is generated on the upper water surface of each upward flow generator. When the adjacent diffusion flows are continuously gathered from the periphery toward the center of the regular polygon where the upflow generators are arranged, they gather at the center of the regular polygon from the entire periphery. The water is lost from where it goes and from the continuity of the fluid, it flows from the water surface to the bottom of the water. An up-and-down circulation method for closed water areas characterized by inducing continuous, accelerated and concentrated down-flow and improving water quality in the closed water areas by up-down and up-down circulation flows. The adjacent arrangement interval L of each of the plurality of upward flow generators arranged upward in a regular polygonal shape in water and the diameter D of the cylinder that generates the upward flow of each upward flow generator are L / D = 4 A concentric circle generated in the upward flow on the upper water surface of each upward flow generator by generating the upward flow with each of the multiple upward flow generators arranged in a regular polygonal shape in water within the range of ˜25 When each of the adjacent diffusion flows is continuously gathered from the periphery toward the center of the regular polygon where the upflow generators are arranged, the center of the regular polygon is generated. In the center of the regular polygonal shape where each upflow generator is placed, using the mutual interference that water collected from the entire circumference loses its place and flows from the water surface toward the bottom due to the continuity of the fluid. , Continuous, accelerating and focused from the surface to the bottom By inducing a downward flow, vertical circulation method of the closed water area, characterized in that it has to measure the water quality of the closed water area by the vertical circulation flow by upflow and downflow. Diffusion in which concentric circles are generated by the upflow generated on the upper water surfaces of the plurality of upflow generators by generating upflows by a plurality of upflow generators arranged in a regular polygonal shape in water. When the adjacent diffusion flows are continuously gathered from the periphery toward the center of the regular polygon where the upflow generators are arranged, the center of the regular polygon is The gathered water loses its place and induces a downward flow from the water surface to the water bottom in the center of the regular polygon shape by mutual interference that flows from the water surface toward the water bottom due to the continuity of the fluid. A vertical circulation method in a closed water area that forms a vertical circulation flow with a downward flow. A plurality of upward flow generators arranged in a regular polygonal shape in water, each generating an upward flow, generating a concentric diffused flow generated in the upward flow on each upper water surface, When the matching diffusion flows gather continuously from the periphery toward the center of the regular polygon where the upflow generators are arranged, the water gathered from all around the center of the regular polygon forms a destination. Loss and up-and-down circulation by the upflow and the downflow by inducing a downflow from the water surface to the bottom of the regular polygonal shape by mutual interference that flows from the water surface toward the bottom of the water due to the continuity of the fluid An up-and-down circulation device for a closed water area comprising a plurality of upflow generators for forming a flow.   The up-and-down circulation device for a closed water area according to claim 4, wherein the plurality of upward flow generating devices are cylindrical bodies having openings arranged upward.   The vertical circulation device for a closed water area according to claim 5, wherein an arrangement interval L between the plurality of upflow generators and a diameter D of the cylindrical body are in a range of L / D = 4 to 25.

Images