JP6661129B2 - Diffusion apparatus and diffusion method - Google Patents

Description

  TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a diffusion apparatus and a diffusion method for diffusing fine bubbles such as oxygen and ozone, dissolved water such as high-concentration oxygen and ozone, and fine powder and the like to a bottom layer of a water area.

  A water area in which nitrogen N or phosphorus P, which is a main element constituting the body of an organism, is excessively supplied and accumulated, is called a eutrophic water area. With the development of economic activity, urbanization, and population growth seen since the late 20th century, many water bodies such as dams, lakes and marshes, water reservoirs, reservoirs, canals, inner bays, harbors, aquaculture farms and reservoirs, Both developed and developing countries are showing eutrophication trends. In eutrophic waters, a water pollution phenomenon called organic pollution occurs, such as a large proliferation of phytoplankton. The abnormal growth of phytoplankton causes choking on seafood and farmed fish, releases carcinogenic substances and produces moldy odors, making it difficult to use as a water source. In addition, the residue of the dead phytoplankton that has multiplied settles and accumulates on the water floor in large quantities as organic matter. When this is decomposed by aerobic microorganisms in water, a large amount of oxygen in the bottom layer is consumed, which causes the formation of a bottom hypoxia / bottom anoxic layer in the water body.

  In eutrophic waters where the water mass is stagnant and the vertical circulation is stagnant, hypoxia and anoxia often occur in the bottom layer. Under these circumstances, if the bottom layer / water bottom becomes oxygen-deficient, the bottom water and bottom mud undergo anaerobic decomposition to become black sludge, generating sulfides and emitting hydrogen sulfide odor. At this stage, the water area becomes a dead water area where benthic fish and shellfish have disappeared, and nutrients are eluted into the water in the sedimentary layer on the water floor where anaerobic decomposition is occurring. As a result, water quality and sediment deteriorated further, abnormal occurrence of blue-green algae or large-scale "water bloom", etc., continued to be inconvenient for water environment conservation, and the water environment deteriorated further. go.

  As described above, the lack of oxygen in the water, especially the dissolved oxygen in the bottom layer, is particularly severe in dams and reservoirs that artificially store large amounts of water, both inside and outside the country, especially during the summer and high water temperature seasons. It happens almost without exception. This has been a major problem in water quality conservation in the inner bays and aquaculture waters. Closed and eutrophic waters around the world have exactly the same problem of deteriorating water quality, and require measures to replenish the bottom layer with oxygen.

  As a device for improving the deoxygenated state of a water area, for example, Patent Literature 1 discloses (a) a box-shaped housing made of a plate material having a number of holes, which is an aeration device installed in water in a water body to be purified; (C) a submersible pump having a water inlet and a water outlet and housed inside the housing; (d) one end connected to the water outlet of the submersible pump, and the other end protruding outward from the housing. The air supply pipe connected to the blower is connected to the water supply port, and the water taken in from the water inlet of the submersible pump and the external air pumped by the blower are mixed and injected into the water. (E) a mudguard attached to the bottom of the housing, comprising: (e) a bottom plate formed slightly larger than the bottom surface of the housing; and a side plate rising from a peripheral portion of the bottom plate. With tray (F) The air / water mixing nozzle has a water passage formed at the center thereof, and one end formed at the other end of the main body and the other end of the main body connected to the water outlet of the submersible pump. And a spray nozzle connected to the other end of the main body and having the insertion pipe inserted therein, and (g) the main body has an other end. The air supply hole is provided on the outer surface of the air supply pipe and communicates from the connection hole to which the air supply pipe is connected to the end face of the other end, and is inclined with respect to the axis of the main body so as to approach the center toward the end face. And (h) a tubular air gap is formed between the outer peripheral surface of the insertion tube and the inner peripheral surface of the injection nozzle, which communicates with the air supply hole and communicates with the internal space of the injection nozzle. A (a) aeration apparatus characterized by the above is disclosed.

  According to this aeration apparatus, air can be efficiently mixed with water in the injection nozzle, and water containing air can be jetted vigorously from the injection nozzle. It is said that the water can be sent at a stretch, the efficiency of supplying oxygen to water can be increased, and the purification effect by biological circulation can be dramatically increased. In addition, as an example of a purification system using this aeration device, Non-Patent Document 1 discloses that oxygen is supplied to deposited sludge (mainly organic sludge) by injecting fine bubbles toward the bottom layer by this aeration device. It is described that the generation of malodor is suppressed and the aerobic decomposition of organic sludge is promoted.

Japanese Patent No. 4307803 UTK Co., Ltd., "Model Conceptual Diagram of Purification System", [online], [Search on March 9, 2017], Internet <URL: http://www.utkgrana.com/index.php>

  However, as described in Non-Patent Document 1, even if fine bubbles are simply sprayed toward the bottom layer by an aeration device as described in Patent Document 1, since fine bubbles are lighter than water, they rise from the moment of spraying. Would. Therefore, stable supply of oxygen to the bottom layer is not performed, and it is impossible to improve the bottom layer.

  In view of the above, an object of the present invention is to provide a diffusion device and a diffusion method capable of widely diffusing an object to be diffused such as fine bubbles into a bottom layer and stably supplying the same.

  The spreading device of the present invention is a plurality of rising water flow generating means arranged in a regular polygonal shape in water, each of which generates a continuous rising water flow, and concentrically generated by the continuous rising water flow on each upper water surface. Generates a continuous diffusion flow that diffuses into the water and induces a continuous downward flow from the water surface to the bottom at the center of the regular polygon due to the mutual interference between adjacent diffusion flows. A plurality of rising water flow generating means for forming a vertical circulating flow by a typical descending water flow, and a diffused material supply means for discharging a diffused substance toward a lower precipitation flow of the vertical circulating flow.

  In addition, the diffusion method of the present invention is characterized in that a continuous rising water flow is generated by a plurality of rising water flow generating means arranged in a regular polygonal shape in water, and a continuous rising water flow is continuously generated on each upper water surface of the plurality of rising water flow generating means. Generates a continuous diffusion flow that is concentrically diffused by a rising water flow and induces a continuous downward water flow from the water surface to the water bottom at the center of the regular polygon due to the mutual interference between adjacent diffusion flows. And forming a vertical circulating flow by the continuous rising water flow and the continuous descending water flow, and discharging the diffused substance toward the lower precipitation flow of the vertical circulating flow.

  According to these inventions, the continuous ascending water flow generated by the plurality of ascending water flow generating means arranged in a regular polygonal shape in the water respectively generates a continuous diffusion flow that concentrically diffuses on the water surface, When each diffused flow continuously gathers from the periphery toward the center of the regular polygon in which the respective rising water flow generating means are arranged, the water gathered from the entire periphery at the center of the regular polygon forms a destination. By utilizing the mutual interference of losing and flowing from the water surface to the water bottom due to the continuity of the liquid, a continuous descending water flow from the water surface to the water bottom is formed at the center of the regular polygon where each rising water flow generation means is arranged To generate a vertical circulating flow with a continuous rising water flow and a continuous descending water flow. Wide to the bottom layer of Distributed to.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, it becomes possible to spread | diffuse an object to be diffused widely to a bottom layer, and to supply it stably.

1 is an overall conceptual diagram of a diffusion device according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a plan view of the diffusion device of FIG. 1. FIG. 3 is a front view of the diffusion device of FIG. 2. FIG. 3 is a perspective view illustrating details of a rising water flow generation unit in FIG. 2. It is a top view which shows the example of the spreading | diffusion apparatus which arrange | positioned three rising water flow generation means in the shape of a regular triangle. It is a top view which shows the example of the spreading | diffusion apparatus which arrange | positioned four rising water flow generation means in the square shape.

  FIG. 1 is an overall conceptual diagram of a diffusion device according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing details of a rising water flow generating means of FIG.

  As shown in FIG. 1, a diffusion device 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a plurality of rising water flow generating means 2 arranged in a regular polygonal shape (a regular hexagonal shape in the illustrated example) in water 12 in a closed water area in plan view. And a diffused object supply means 3 for discharging fine bubbles (microbubbles) as the diffused substance toward the center of the regular polygon in which the plurality of rising water flow generating means 2 are arranged.

  Each of the rising water flow generating means 2 is arranged at each vertex position of a regular polygonal shape, and is connected to a regular hexagonal frame 4 disposed inside the regular polygonal shape in plan view. The diffusion device 1 is an underwater levitation type, and a frame 4 is provided with a buoyancy material 40 for supporting the rising water flow generating means 2 and the attached members to float underwater while supporting the weight of the underwater. It is moored underwater via a mooring line 42 on a sinker 41 having a shape.

  As shown in FIG. 2, each of the rising water flow generating means 2 has a cylindrical body 23 having an upper end opening 23 a arranged upward, and an upper end opening 24 a in the cylindrical body 23 which is inclined toward a central axis of the cylindrical body 23. And a plurality of nozzles 24 arranged upward. The nozzle 24 has a hollow cylindrical shape, and compressed air is sent by a compressed air pipe 25 from an air compressor (not shown) placed on the shore, for example, inside the middle of the nozzle 24.

  The compressed air sent by the compressed air pipe 25 is continuously jetted into the middle of each nozzle 24, and is mixed with the surrounding water sucked from the lower end opening 24 b of the nozzle 24, and the upper end is opened. A mixed air jet is ejected obliquely from the portion 24a toward the central axis of the cylindrical body 23. Then, the mixed air jets jetted from each nozzle 24 toward the central axis of the cylindrical body 23 are gathered, and an upward mixed air jet is generated in the cylindrical body 23.

  As a result, while surrounding water is sucked into the cylindrical body 23 from the lower end opening 23b of the cylindrical body 23, a mixed water mass of water and bubbles flows from the upper end opening 23a toward the water surface 10 directly above. 16 emerges, and a continuous upward flow of the mixed water mass 16, that is, a rising water flow 15 is generated. On the water surface 10 directly above each rising water flow generating means 2, a mixed water mass 16 ascending the underwater 12 appears, and the water surface 10 undulates.

  The mixed water mass 16 appearing on the water surface 10 is concentrically diffused around the water mass. As a result, a concentric diffusion flow 17 is generated on the water surface 10 by the continuous rising water flow 15 due to the mixed water mass 16 emerging from the water 12. The concentric diffusion flow 17 generated on the water surface 10 directly above each of the rising water flow generation means 2 spreads therearound while maintaining a concentric shape. Each of the condensed diffusion flows 17 spread concentrically, and adjacent diffusion flows 17 collide with each other and interfere with each other. The diffusing flows 17 that interfere with each other are divided in the left-right direction about a line connecting the centers of the concentric diffusing flows 17. One of the diffusion flows 17 flows toward the center portion 11 of the water surface 10 directly above the center portion of the regular polygonal shape where the rising water flow generation means 2 is disposed due to mutual interference.

  In this way, each diffusion flow 17 continuously gathers from the periphery toward the regular hexagonal center portion 11 of the water surface 10. In the regular hexagonal shape, one-third of the mixed water mass 16 generated by one rising water flow generation means 2, that is, a total of twice from the six rising water flow generation devices 5 (one rising water flow generation means 2). The diffusion flow 17 of the mixed water mass 16, which is twice as large as the rising water flow 15 due to the mixed water mass 16, is continuously collected toward the regular hexagonal center portion 11 of the water surface 10. Water collected from the entire periphery of the central portion 11 of the regular hexagon loses its destination and flows from the water surface 10 to the water bottom 13 due to fluid continuity. In this manner, a downward continuous flowing water flow 18 is generated in the central portion 10 of the regular hexagon by the mutual interference of the diffusion flows 17.

  In other words, the continuous rising water flow 15 forcibly generated by the rising water flow generation means 2 at a position corresponding to each vertex position of the regular polygonal shape becomes a concentric diffusion flow 17 on the water surface 10 and spreads around. . Then, a continuous descending water flow 18 is induced in the central part 11 of the regular polygon by the mutual interference between the adjacent diffusion flows 17. The continuous descending water flow 18 flows in a downward flow compartment 19 as if there were an invisible downward duct and is formed as a distinct downward intensive and accelerating flow therethrough. . The continuous ascending water flow 15 and the continuous descending water flow 18 generate a vertical circulation flow in the water 12 in the closed water area.

  The to-be-diffused object supply means 3 is directed toward the center of the regular polygon in which the plurality of rising water flow generating means 2 are arranged, that is, the vertical circulating flow formed by the plurality of rising water flow generating means 2 as described above. The microbubbles 30 are discharged as a substance to be diffused toward the lower precipitation flow. Various types of known fine air bubble generators can be used as the diffused object supply means 3, but the fine air bubbles 30 are generated by using compressed air supplied to each of the rising water flow generation means 2. Is preferably generated.

  The fine bubbles 30 released by the to-be-diffused material supply means 3 toward the lower precipitation flow 18 in the vertical circulation flow are pushed toward the water bottom 13 on the descending water flow 18 which is a concentrated and accelerated flow, and FIG. As shown in (1), it diffuses widely to the bottom layer along the water bottom 13. At this time, the surrounding water is sucked from the lower end opening 23b of the cylindrical body 23 of each of the rising water flow generating means 2, but the amount of suction is small, and there is no suction force for sucking the fine bubbles 30. The fine bubbles 30 diffuse widely along the water bottom 13 to the bottom layer.

  As a result, the microbubbles 30 can be stably supplied to the bottom layer, so that the dissolved oxygen in the bottom layer is increased, and the growth of aquatic organisms and the activation of aerobic bacteria are achieved, and the bottom layer can be dramatically improved. It becomes possible. Further, elution of nutrients can be suppressed by increasing dissolved oxygen, and water quality can be improved. In addition, as an object to be diffused by the diffusion device 1 in the present embodiment, there are fine bubbles such as oxygen and ozone, dissolved water such as high-concentration oxygen and ozone, and fine powder. It is also possible to simultaneously discharge from a plurality of locations toward the center of the regular polygonal shape in which the plurality of rising water flow generating means 2 are arranged, or to release a plurality of types of diffused substances.

  Next, another embodiment of the diffusion device of the present invention will be described. FIG. 3 is a plan view showing another embodiment of the diffusion device of the present invention, and FIG. 4 is a front view of the diffusion device of FIG. Note that the same components as those of the above-described diffusion device 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof will be omitted.

  In the diffusion device 1a shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, each of the rising water flow generating means 2 is arranged at each apex position of the regular hexagon 20 and is connected to the frame 4a which is arranged inside and has a circular shape in plan view. . The circular frames 4a are arranged in upper and lower two rows and are connected by a connecting member 4b. A bottom plate 4d connected by a connecting member 4c is provided below the frame 4. The diffusion device 1a is of a water bottom installation type, and the frame 4 is installed on the water bottom 13 by a bottom plate 4d.

  In such a water-bottom type diffusion device 1a as well, a vertical circulating flow is generated by a continuous rising water flow and a continuous descending water flow, similarly to the above-mentioned underwater floating type diffusion device 1. The diffused substances released toward the lower precipitation flow are diffused widely to the bottom layer of the water body on this descending flow.

  In the example shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, the six rising water flow generating means 2 are arranged at each vertex position of a regular hexagon, but as a regular polygon of the smallest unit, a regular triangle (for example, FIG. 5). The regular polygonal shape includes a sequentially increased shape such as a square shape (for example, see FIG. 6) and a regular pentagonal shape. It is also possible to combine a plurality of regular triangular units or to combine a plurality of different regular polygons such as a regular triangle and a square. Further, the regular polygonal shape includes not only the same internal angle of each side and each vertex of the polygon, but also a manufacturing error of ± 20% of the internal angle of each side and each vertex.

  In the above-described diffusion devices 1 and 1a, the diameter D of the cylindrical body 23 of each of the rising water flow generating means 2 is 100 mm or more and 500 mm or less, preferably 200 mm or more and 400 mm or less, more preferably 300 mm or more and 350 mm or less. The interval (span) L between the cylindrical bodies 23 is 1000 mm or more and 6000 mm or less, preferably 1500 mm or more and 5000 mm or less, more preferably 2000 mm or more and 4000 mm or less, from the center 21 of the regular polygonal shape to the center of each rising water flow generating means 2. (Radius of a circumscribed circle of a regular polygon) R is 500 mm or more and 6000 mm or less, preferably 1000 mm or more and 4000 mm or less, more preferably 1500 mm or more and 2000 mm or less (see FIG. 3). The mutual interference of the concentric diffusion flow 17 on the water surface 10 caused by the rising water flow 15 and the generation of the descending water flow 18 caused by the rising water flow 15 occur over a considerably wide range of the interval (span) L between the cylinders 23. As the radius of the diffusion flow 17 increases, the cross-sectional area of the flow of the descending water flow 18 caused by the interference increases, and the flow velocity of the descending water flow 18 also decreases. Therefore, D, L, and R considered practically are considered to be in the above ranges. Can be

  The dispersing apparatus and the dispersing method of the present invention provide fine bubbles such as oxygen and ozone to water layers such as dams, lakes and marshes, water source ponds, reservoirs, canals, inner bays, harbors, aquaculture farms and reservoirs, and particularly to the bottom layer of closed water areas. It is useful as an apparatus and method for diffusing dissolved water such as oxygen at a concentration, ozone, or the like, or a substance to be diffused such as fine powder.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Diffusion apparatus 2 Ascending water flow generation means 3 Diffusion target supply means 4 Frame 22 Upper end opening 23 Cylindrical body 24 Nozzle 25 Compressed air pipe

Claims (3)

A plurality of ascending water flow generating means arranged in a regular polygonal shape in water, each of which generates a continuous ascending water flow, and a plurality of continuous ascending water currents generated by the continuous ascending water flow on each upper water surface. A diffused flow is generated, and a continuous descending water flow from the water surface toward the bottom is induced at the center of the regular polygonal shape by mutual interference between adjacent diffused flows, so that the continuous ascending water flow and the continuous descending flow are generated. A plurality of rising water flow generating means for forming a vertical circulation flow by the water flow,
A diffuser supply means for discharging the diffused substance toward the lower part of the lower precipitation flow of the vertical circulating flow at the center of the regular polygon in which the plurality of vertical water flow generating means are arranged .   The plurality of rising water flow generating means is a cylindrical body having an opening arranged upward, and a plurality of nozzles having an opening arranged obliquely upward toward a central axis of the cylindrical body in the cylindrical body. 2. The diffusion device according to claim 1, further comprising a plurality of nozzles from which compressed air is ejected inside the intermediate portion. A plurality of rising water flow generating means arranged in a regular polygonal shape in the water generate a continuous rising water flow, respectively, and are generated by the continuous rising water flow on the upper water surface of each of the plurality of rising water flow generation means. Generate a continuous diffusion flow that concentrically diffuses, and induces a continuous descending water flow from the water surface toward the water bottom at the center of the regular polygonal shape due to mutual interference between adjacent diffusion flows, and Forming a vertical circulating flow with the ascending water flow and the continuous descending water flow,
A diffusion method, comprising: discharging a substance to be diffused toward a lower portion of a lower precipitation flow of the vertical circulating flow at a central portion of a regular polygon in which the plurality of vertical water flow generating means are arranged .

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