JP6155732B2 - Adsorption heat pump - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an adsorption heat pump.

  Conventionally, a heat cycle system using an adsorption heat pump has been used in various fields, and is applied to an air conditioner or a water heater.

The adsorption type heat pumps proposed so far are generally provided with a pair of adsorbers, a condenser and an evaporator (see, for example, Patent Document 1), and heat increase to increase COP (Coefficient Of Performance). As an example using the mode, an adsorption heat pump type water heater has been proposed (for example, see Non-Patent Document 1). In this system, switching of the operation mode and hot water supply operation are usually performed by switching the flow path using a three-way valve. Specifically, an operation of adsorbing fluid on one side of the adsorber and desorbing the other (that is, regeneration of the adsorber) and an operation of desorbing fluid from the one adsorber and adsorbing to the other are switched Alternately.
In addition, an adsorption refrigerator that operates in the same manner as described above is also known (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 2).

  In recent years, attention has been paid to the preservation of the global environment, and considering that the movement of energy saving has been activated, further improvement in thermal efficiency is required for apparatuses using adsorption heat pumps.

JP 2006-125713 A

"24th Technology Development and Survey Project Results Presentation [P5.1.2] Development of high-efficiency kerosene combustion equipment using adsorption heat pump", [online], June 2010, Petroleum Energy Technology Center, [Search on November 22, 2012], Internet <URL: http://www.pecj.or.jp/japanese/report/2010report/24data/p512.pdf> "Adsorption refrigeration machine of union industry", [online], Union Sangyo Co., Ltd. [searched on November 22, 2012], Internet <URL: http: //www.union-reitouki. com / chiller / principle.html>

When performing a heat increase cycle in a general adsorption heat pump that has been proposed so far, the increased energy is the heat of condensation (Q ¹ ), heat of adsorption (Q ² ), and sensible heat (Q ³ ) of the adsorber. ) can be defined by the sum of the sensible heat in the adsorber represented by Q ³ are a reality is has come to be discarded without being recovered. However, in a system or the like in which a plurality of adsorbers are provided, the amount of heat of sensible heat cannot be ignored, which contributes to an increase in heat loss of the entire system.

However, if all of the thermal energy generated in the system (= Q ¹ + Q ² + Q ³ ) is to be recovered, a mechanism for reducing the sensible heat loss that occurs in the adsorber when switching between adsorption and desorption of adsorbate And the entire system becomes complicated. For example, in a system provided with a plurality of valves and flow paths, the flow paths need to be switched in accordance with the switching of the adsorption / desorption, which makes the control of the valves complicated.

  On the other hand, a system using fossil fuel that obtains thermal energy by combustion has a significantly large thermal energy loss (sensible heat loss), so the COP value is generally low, whereas a heat pump has a relatively high COP. Is expected to be obtained. However, in a system that uses heat through an adsorption / desorption process using a heat medium, when switching between a high-temperature fluid (for example, 80 ° C.) and a low-temperature fluid (for example, 30 ° C.) as the heat medium, it remains in the adsorber. Since the existing heating media are mixed with each other, sensible heat loss of the heating media is inevitably caused. Preventing such heat loss is not easy in terms of system configuration.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above, and an object of the present invention is to provide an adsorption heat pump having a small heat energy loss (sensible heat loss) and a high heat increase effect, and to achieve the object. .

The present invention has been achieved based on the following findings. That is,
In the adsorption heat pump, in order to increase the heat energy increase effect, sensible heat loss due to heat exchange fluid (so-called heat medium) cannot be ignored. Knowledge that replacing the transfer with latent heat using a substance with a large latent heat eliminates the need to switch the heat medium and its flow path, and also reduces the waste of sensible heat caused by mixing heat mediums with different temperatures. It is.

In order to achieve the above object, the adsorption heat pump of the present invention comprises:
A first evaporator that evaporates the first fluid, and a first fluid holding unit that is supplied with the first fluid from the first evaporator, holds the first fluid, and desorbs the held fluid; And a second fluid holding portion that is supplied with the second fluid and holds the second fluid and desorbs the held fluid in a thermally connected state, and includes the first fluid holding portion and the At least one of the second fluid holding portions releases the reaction heat when holding the supplied fluid and heats the second fluid with a chemical heat storage material that stores heat when desorbing the fluid. Then, by supplying the heated second fluid to the adsorber, at least the chemical heat storage material is heated, and the fluid flows between the first fluid holding unit and the second fluid holding unit of the adsorber. The first fluid discharged from the first fluid holding part and the second fluid holding part, A condenser for condensing the second fluid, in which the configured provided.

  In the present invention, by using sensible heat (for example, steam heating) and latent heat cooling, the amount of heat exchange fluid (so-called heat medium) is minimized, and the working fluid that is an adsorbate in the adsorber (for example, It reduces sensible heat loss that tends to occur in the adsorber during adsorption or desorption of ammonia, water vapor, etc., and collects and collects the used thermal energy in one place (condenser). Thereby, a sensible heat loss can be prevented and COP can be improved effectively.

Specifically, the first fluid is supplied to the adsorber from the first evaporator, the supplied first fluid is temporarily held by the adsorbent, and the held first fluid is desorbed. Thus, in the adsorption heat pump that uses thermal energy, the adsorber is supplied with the first fluid, holds the first fluid, and desorbs the held fluid; A second fluid holding unit that is supplied with the second fluid, holds the second fluid, and desorbs the held fluid in a thermally connected state. Heat exchange is performed between the fluid holding unit and the second fluid holding unit, and for example, all of the heat utilized between the two fluid holding units is recovered by the condenser as follows. That is,
When the heated gaseous second fluid is sent to the second fluid holding unit, the second fluid is condensed by the second fluid holding unit and held in phase change, and the condensation heat Release. The first fluid holding unit is heated by the heat of the second fluid and the released condensation heat, and the first fluid held by the first fluid holding unit is desorbed and desorbed first. Are sent to the condenser. At this time, in the second fluid holding unit, the second liquid fluid increases, and the first fluid held in the first fluid holding unit gradually decreases. When the first fluid held in the first fluid holding part is reduced in this way, the gaseous first fluid is subsequently supplied from the first evaporator. When the gaseous first fluid is sent to the first fluid holding unit, the first fluid is adsorbed and held by the adsorbent in the first fluid holding unit and releases heat of adsorption. The second fluid holding unit is heated by the released heat of adsorption, the second fluid held in the second fluid holding unit is desorbed, and the desorbed second fluid is sent to the condenser. At this time, in the first fluid holding part, the adsorption amount of the first fluid in the adsorbent increases, and the second fluid of the liquid in the second fluid holding part is vaporized and gradually decreases.
By repeating the above process, the recovered heat energy can be continuously collected in the condenser.

  In the adsorber, one or both of the first fluid holding part and the second fluid holding part have an adsorbent that releases reaction heat when holding the supplied fluid. As a result, at least one of the fluid holding portions is held by the adsorption of the fluid by the adsorbent, so that adsorption heat is obtained.

In the adsorption heat pump according to the present invention, the adsorber includes at least the first fluid holding unit among the first fluid holding unit and the second fluid holding unit, and the first evaporator holds the adsorbent. A configuration in which when the first fluid is supplied to the first fluid holding part, the second fluid held in the second fluid holding part is desorbed by reaction heat (adsorption heat) released from the adsorbent. Can be.
At this time, since the first fluid holding part and the second fluid holding part constituting the adsorber are thermally connected, the other first heat is released by the heat of adsorption released from one of the first fluid holding parts. The two fluid holding parts are heated. Therefore, the amount of fluid retained in the first fluid holding portion is increased, and the second fluid is desorbed in the second fluid retaining portion and the fluid retention amount is decreased.

The heater constituting the adsorption heat pump of the present invention is preferably a second evaporator that generates water vapor as the second fluid and supplies the water vapor to the adsorber. In this case, heated water vapor is supplied to the second fluid holding portion of the adsorber. Therefore, when heated water vapor is supplied from the second evaporator, the heat possessed by the water vapor is given to the first fluid holding unit, and the water vapor is condensed in the second fluid holding unit and changes into a liquid state. Thus, the condensation heat is released, and the condensation heat is also given to the first fluid holding portion.
Since water vapor has a large latent heat of vaporization, the first fluid holding part can be heated favorably by the released condensation heat, and the detachment of the first fluid held in the first fluid holding part is promoted. Is suitable.

In the adsorption heat pump of the present invention, the adsorber includes the first fluid holding portion having the adsorbent, and the second fluid holding portion further having the adsorbent, and the second evaporator to the second evaporator. When the second fluid is supplied to the fluid holding portion, the first fluid held in the first fluid holding portion is desorbed by the reaction heat (adsorption heat) released from the adsorbent. be able to.
In this case, since the adsorbent is present in both the first fluid holding unit and the second fluid holding unit, the adsorption of the fluid to the adsorbent and the desorption of the fluid from the adsorbent are held by two fluids. By repeating alternately between the sections, stable heat recovery can be stably performed.

In the adsorption heat pump of the present invention, one of the first fluid holding part and the second fluid holding part has an adsorbent (preferably a physical adsorbent), and the other is a porous layer and / or a groove part. (For example, it can be configured to have a groove or depression-like groove structure or a wick structure such as a mesh having a fine mesh phenomenon). For example, an adsorbent is disposed in the first fluid holding portion, and a groove portion is provided in a heat exchange portion of the second fluid holding portion that is thermally connected to exchange heat with at least the first fluid holding portion. Therefore, when the second fluid sent to the second fluid holding part condenses and liquefies, it remains in the groove part, and the liquid second fluid can be uniformly present in the fluid holding part. it can. That is, for example, the second fluid can be present in the form of a uniform liquid film.
As a result, the uniformity of heat exchange and the heat exchange efficiency are improved. Conversely, when the first fluid is adsorbed on the adsorbent and the adsorption heat is transferred to the second fluid holding portion, the liquid second fluid is removed. Separation can be promoted.

In the adsorption heat pump of the present invention, an adsorbent is provided in at least the first fluid holding part of the adsorber, and further, the first fluid between the first evaporator and the first fluid holding part. A first flow rate adjusting valve for adjusting the flow rate of the second fluid, a second flow rate adjusting valve for adjusting the flow rate of the second fluid between the heater and the second fluid holding unit, and a second fluid holding When the second fluid held in the part is desorbed, the opening of the first flow control valve is increased (for example, opened) so that the first fluid is adsorbed by the adsorbent, and the second flow rate is increased. When reducing the opening of the control valve (for example, closing) and desorbing the first fluid adsorbed to the first fluid holding unit, the opening of the second flow rate control valve is increased (for example, opened). by reducing the opening degree of the first flow control valve (e.g., closing), the first fluid and the second And flow control means for switching the flow of fluid can be configured by providing a.

  By providing the first flow control valve and the second flow control valve and automatically controlling the opening degree of each valve by the flow control means according to, for example, the amount of water vapor adsorbed, stable heat recovery can be achieved. It can be done stably.

Further, the distribution control means may adjust the opening degree of the first flow control valve and the second flow rate control valve from the adsorption amount of fluid to the adsorbent. Specifically, when the amount of adsorption of the first fluid in the adsorbent is less than a predetermined threshold, the opening of the first flow control valve is increased (for example, opened) and the opening of the second flow control valve is increased. Is reduced (for example, closed), and when the amount of adsorption is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold, the opening of the first flow control valve is decreased (for example, closed) and the opening of the second flow control valve is increased (for example, opened). ) Is preferable.

  In the adsorption heat pump of the present invention, it is preferable that at least one of the first fluid and the second fluid held or desorbed (preferably adsorbed or desorbed) by the fluid holding unit is ammonia or water. Ammonia and water vapor are substances with a large latent heat of vaporization, so the amount of heat generated when held or desorbed by the fluid holding part is large, and a large amount of heat can be recovered in a single process of holding or desorbing. .

Moreover, it is preferable to use the same fluid for the first fluid and the second fluid. The same fluid means a fluid having the same type of substance.
Conventional adsorption heat pumps use different fluids of a heat exchange fluid called a so-called heat medium and a working fluid that is an adsorbate involved in adsorption or desorption to an adsorber. In such a system, in order to repeatedly perform adsorption / desorption (regeneration) with an adsorber, it is necessary to switch the flow path of each fluid in accordance with the switching of adsorption / desorption, and the control of valves and the like for that is complicated. become. Moreover, since the fluids remaining in the flow paths having different temperatures are mixed by switching the flow paths, a sensible heat loss (thermal energy loss) occurs, and the heat utilization efficiency tends to decrease.
On the other hand, by using the same fluid as the heat medium and working fluid responsible for adsorption / desorption in the adsorber, valve control can be easily performed, and heat can be recovered at a specific location (particularly an aggregator). it can.

  The adsorbent disposed in the adsorber of the adsorption heat pump is preferably selected from the group consisting of activated carbon, mesoporous silica, zeolite, silica gel, and clay mineral. In particular, activated carbon, mesoporous silica, zeolite, silica gel, and clay minerals, which are physical adsorbents, desorb or adsorb 1 mol of a substance when the substance (for example, ammonia or water vapor) is desorbed or resorbed. The amount of heat required for the process is smaller than that of the chemical adsorbent, and the material can be exchanged with a small amount of heat.

  In the adsorption heat pump of the present invention, two adsorbers described above are arranged, and the two adsorbers are connected to the heater, and are connected to the first evaporator and the condenser, When one of the two adsorbers has an adsorbent in the first fluid holding portion and holds the first fluid in the adsorbent (that is, generates adsorption heat), the other is the first The fluid holding unit may have an adsorbent, and the first fluid may be desorbed from the adsorbent (that is, the adsorbent is regenerated). That is, two adsorbers are arranged, and one adsorbent (for example, the adsorbent of the first fluid holding unit) adsorbs fluid, and the other adsorbent (for example, the adsorbent of the first fluid holding unit) By alternately operating the two adsorbers so as to desorb, a large amount of thermal energy can be extracted more efficiently.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, a heat energy loss (sensible heat loss) is small and the adsorption heat pump with a high heat increase effect is provided.

It is the schematic which shows the structural example of the adsorption heat pump of 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the specific structural example of an adsorption device. It is a perspective view which shows the specific aspect of the adsorbent with which an adsorber is equipped. It is a flowchart which shows the heat increase cycle control routine of 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is the schematic which shows the structural example of the adsorption type heat pump of 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a flowchart which shows the heat increase cycle control routine of 2nd Embodiment of this invention.

  Hereinafter, an embodiment of an adsorption heat pump of the present invention will be specifically described with reference to the drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments shown below.

(First embodiment)
A first embodiment of the adsorption heat pump of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. In this embodiment, silica gel is used as the adsorbent of the adsorber, and an adsorption heat pump (hereinafter simply referred to as “heat pump”) using water vapor (water) as two fluids (heat medium and working fluid) supplied to the adsorber. Will be described in detail as an example.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the heat pump 100 of the present embodiment includes a first evaporator 10, an adsorber 20 having an adsorbent, a second evaporator 30 that is a heater for heating the adsorber, and an adsorber 20. And a condenser 40 that condenses the fluid (water vapor) discharged from the tank.

  The water vapor is meant to include water in a gaseous state and water condensed into fine water droplets in the air.

The heat pump 100 of the present embodiment has the following two features.
(1) The heat medium and the working fluid are the same fluid (water vapor).
(2) Condensation heat transfer and evaporation heat transfer are used for heating and cooling of the adsorber 20.

The first evaporator 10 is connected to the adsorber 20 so as to be able to supply water vapor, which is a first fluid generated by vaporizing water and evaporating water. Specifically, the first evaporator 10 is connected to one end of a circulation pipe 12 having a valve V4 that is a flow rate adjusting valve, and the first evaporator 10 communicates with the adsorber 20 through the circulation pipe 12. Has been.

  As will be described later, when the amount of water vapor adsorbed in the adsorbent of the first fluid holding unit provided in the adsorber decreases, the evaporator promotes the vaporization of water in the evaporator, and flows as water vapor. Those having the structure supplied to 12 are preferred. In addition, it is preferable that water has a function of heating water with heat from the outside and discharging it as water vapor to the circulation pipe 12.

Since the evaporator 10 takes away the heat of vaporization by vaporizing water as described above, the evaporator 10 generates cold heat corresponding to the heat of vaporization of water vapor supplied to the adsorber 20. Therefore, by effectively connecting the refrigeration equipment 60 such as an air conditioner outdoor unit that is an example of the refrigeration demand, for example, via the heat exchange pipe 61, the refrigeration can be effectively used.
The heat exchange pipe is composed of an endless pipe and a heat exchange fluid flowing through the pipe. A heat exchange fluid (for example, water or a mixed solvent of water and a water-soluble solvent) circulates and circulates in the pipe by a circulation pump (not shown) attached to the pipe, thereby supplying cold heat to the cooling device 50. be able to.

  The adsorber 20 is supplied with water vapor (first fluid) from the first evaporator 10, adsorbs and holds the water vapor, and desorbs and releases the adsorbed water vapor to hold the fluid. The chamber 22 and a second fluid holding unit that is supplied with water vapor (second fluid) from the second evaporator 30 as described later, condenses and holds the water vapor, and desorbs and releases the condensed water vapor. A fluid holding chamber 24.

  The adsorber 20 is provided with a plurality of fluid holding chambers 22 and fluid holding chambers 24, and each of the fluid holding chambers 22 and the fluid holding chambers 24 is disposed in the housing of the adsorber 20 as shown in FIG. 2. Alternatingly arranged, adjacent chambers are thermally connected to each other. In other words, when a temperature change occurs due to heat dissipation or heat absorption in the fluid holding chamber 22, the fluid holding chamber 22 exchanges heat with the fluid holding chamber 24 so that the fluid holding chamber 24 is heated or cooled. It has become.

  The other end of the circulation pipe 12 is connected to the fluid holding chamber 22, and water vapor is supplied from the first evaporator 10. As shown in FIG. 2, the fluid holding chamber 22 is provided with plate-like adsorbents 26 on the top and bottom surfaces of each chamber so that the supplied water vapor can be adsorbed and held. Yes.

The adsorbent 26 is formed into a plate shape using silica gel (physical adsorbent), and is composed of silica gel plates 26A and 26B as shown in FIG. The surface S of the silica gel plates 26A and 26B facing the fluid holding chamber 24, that is, the surface in contact with the top surface and the bottom surface of each chamber is a heat transfer surface, and heat exchange can be performed with the adjacent chambers through this surface.
For example, when water vapor is condensed in the fluid holding chamber 24 and condensation heat is generated, heat exchange is performed on the heat transfer surfaces S of the silica gel plates 26A and 26B, and when the silica gel plates 26A and 26B (adsorbent) are heated, The adsorbed water vapor is desorbed, and the amount of heat provided during heating can be supplied to the condenser 40.

By using the adsorbent, the amount of heat required for adsorption (immobilization) and desorption of water vapor can be suppressed to a small level, and the water vapor can be easily attached and detached even at low energy. In this embodiment, water vapor is used as the first fluid. However, in addition to water vapor, a substance having a large latent heat of vaporization such as ammonia can be suitably used. For example, when ammonia is used, the amount of heat required for adsorption and desorption of 1 mol of ammonia can be suppressed to 20 to 30 kJ / mol. As comparison value, the amount of heat when using the chemical heat storage material (e.g. MgCl _2, CaCl _2, etc.) is 40~60kJ / mol.

  As the adsorbent, a porous material can be used like the silica gel used in the present embodiment. The porous body is preferably a porous body having pores with pore diameters of 10 nm or less from the viewpoint of further improving the reactivity of immobilization and desorption of a fluid such as water vapor by adsorption (preferably physical adsorption). The lower limit of the pore diameter is preferably 0.5 nm from the viewpoint of production suitability and the like. As the porous body, from the same viewpoint as described above, a porous body which is a primary particle aggregate obtained by aggregating primary particles having an average primary particle diameter of 50 μm or less is preferable. The lower limit of the average primary particle diameter is preferably 1 μm from the viewpoint of production suitability and the like.

  Examples of the adsorbent include activated carbon, mesoporous silica, zeolite, clay mineral and the like in addition to the silica gel used in the present embodiment. The clay mineral may be an uncrosslinked clay mineral or a crosslinked clay mineral (crosslinked clay mineral). Examples of clay minerals include sepiolite, smectite clay (saponite, montmorillonite, hectorite, etc.), 4-silicon mica, mica, vermiculite, etc. Among them, sepiolite is preferable.

As the silica gel, the specific surface area by BET method of 100 m ² / g or more 1500 m ² / g or less (more preferably, 300 meters ² / g or more 1000 m ² / g or less) of silica gel is preferably.
As the activated carbon, activated carbon having a specific surface area by a BET method of 800 m ² / g or more and 4000 m ² / g or less (more preferably 1000 m ² / g or more and 2000 m ² / g or less) is preferable.
As the mesoporous silica, mesoporous silica having a specific surface area by a BET method of 500 m ² / g or more and 1500 m ² / g or less (more preferably 700 m ² / g or more and 1300 m ² / g or less) is preferable.
As the zeolite, a zeolite having a specific surface area by the BET method of 50 m ² / g or more and 1000 m ² / g or less (more preferably 100 m ² / g or more and 1000 m ² / g or less) is preferable.

  In the present invention, the type of adsorbent (preferably a porous body) can be appropriately selected according to the pressure and temperature of the heat medium. From the viewpoint of further improving the reactivity of water immobilization and desorption by adsorption, an embodiment containing at least silica gel is preferable. Further, from the viewpoint of further improving the reactivity of immobilization and desorption of ammonia by adsorption, an embodiment including at least activated carbon is preferable.

  In the case of a structure that absorbs and generates heat by transferring the first fluid using an adsorbent (preferably a physical adsorbent), the content ratio of the adsorbent in the total amount of the adsorbent is the reactivity of fluid immobilization and desorption. Is preferably 80% by volume or more, and more preferably 90% by volume or more from the viewpoint of maintaining higher.

When the adsorbent is used as a molded body, a binder may be contained together with the adsorbent. By containing the binder, the shape of the molded body is more easily maintained, so that the heat medium fixation and desorption reactivity by adsorption is further improved. As the binder, a water-soluble binder is preferable. Examples of the water-soluble binder include polyvinyl alcohol and trimethyl cellulose.
Moreover, in addition to the adsorbent and the binder, other components may be contained as necessary. Examples of other components include thermally conductive inorganic materials such as carbon fibers and metal fibers.

  When molding using an adsorbent and a binder, the content ratio of the binder is preferably 5% by volume or more and more preferably 10% by volume or more from the viewpoint of more effectively maintaining the shape of the molded body. The molding method is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a method in which an adsorbent (and other components such as a binder as necessary) is molded by known molding means such as pressure molding and extrusion molding. The pressure at the time of shaping | molding can be 20-100 Mpa, for example, and 20-40 Mpa is preferable.

  One end of a circulation pipe 32 is connected to the fluid holding chamber 24, and heat is supplied together with water vapor from a second evaporator 30 described later. When heat is supplied, heat is exchanged with the fluid holding chamber 22, and the water vapor is condensed in the fluid holding chamber 24 to generate water. The heat of condensation at this time is also exchanged with the fluid holding chamber 22. Thereby, in the fluid holding chamber 22, the adsorbent is heated, and the water vapor adsorbed on the adsorbent is desorbed.

  Grooves and wicks (grooves) are provided on the top and bottom surfaces of the fluid holding chamber 24 where heat exchange can be performed with the fluid holding chamber 22. The surface having the groove structure or the wick structure is provided with a concave groove, and the liquid (water in this embodiment) can be held by the surface tension in the groove portion to form a liquid film. Thus, water can be uniformly present on the surface where heat exchange is performed, and the vaporization distribution in the surface where heat exchange is performed can be made uniform.

  The groove structure refers to a structure in which grooves or depressions are formed, and is formed on the inner wall of the heat exchanger. The wick structure refers to a structure formed in a mesh shape or the like having a netting phenomenon, and is also formed on the inner wall. These groove portions are formed by pressing, cutting or the like on the wall surface.

In this embodiment, the fluid holding chamber 24 is only provided with a groove structure and no adsorbent is provided. However, the fluid holding chamber 24 has a structure in which a porous layer is disposed on the top surface or the bottom surface facing the fluid holding chamber 22. May be.
As the porous layer, in addition to using the above-mentioned porous body, it is sufficient that the porous structure is provided by using a material capable of forming a porous structure. As a material capable of forming a porous structure, silica gel, zeolite, silica, activated carbon, clay mineral, and the like can be used. An adsorbent may be disposed as the porous layer, and the same adsorbent that can be used in the fluid holding chamber 22 can be used. Details of silica gel, zeolite, silica, activated carbon, and clay mineral are as described above.

The second evaporator 30 is connected to the adsorber 20 so as to be able to supply water vapor, which is a second fluid generated by vaporizing water. The second evaporator 30 functions as a heater for heating at least the adsorbent of the adsorber 20, and the water vapor itself aggregates, so that heat of aggregation is also obtained. Specifically, the second evaporator 30 is connected to the other end of a circulation pipe 32 having a valve V2 that is a flow rate adjusting valve, and the second evaporator 30 and the adsorber 20 are connected via the circulation pipe 32. Are in communication.

  The second evaporator 30 preferably has a function of heating water with heat from the outside and discharging the water as water vapor to the circulation pipe 32.

The condenser 40 is connected so as to be able to supply water vapor from the adsorber 20, and condenses the water vapor supplied from the adsorber 20. Specifically, the condenser 40 is connected to one end of a flow pipe 28 having a valve V3 that is a flow rate control valve and one end of a flow pipe 29 having a valve V1 that is a flow rate control valve. The condenser 40 is communicated with the fluid holding chamber 22 of the adsorber 20 via the circulation pipe 28 and is communicated with the fluid holding chamber 24 of the adsorber 20 via the circulation pipe 29.

  In addition, the other ends of the distribution pipe 28 and the distribution pipe 29 are connected to the fluid recovery chamber 50, respectively. In the fluid recovery chamber 50, the water vapor discharged from the fluid holding chambers 22 and 24 through the distribution pipe is located in one place. It has come to be collected.

  The fluid recovery chamber 50 is connected to the condenser 40 by a circulation pipe 52, and the water vapor collected in the fluid recovery chamber 50 is sent to the condenser 40 through the circulation pipe 52. Here, the heat energy of the entire system can be recovered by aggregating the water vapor.

  Further, the condenser 40 is communicated with the second evaporator 30 by a return pipe 42 having a pump P1. The water liquefied by condensing water vapor in the condenser 40 is returned to the second evaporator 30 through the return pipe 42 by driving the pump P1.

Next, an operation example of the adsorption heat pump of this embodiment will be described.
When water vapor heated by the second evaporator (heater) 30 is sent to the fluid holding chamber portion 24 of the adsorber 20 through the circulation pipe 32, the heat of the water vapor is heat-exchanged and the adsorbent in the fluid holding chamber 22. 26 is heated, and the water vapor is condensed in the fluid holding chamber 24 and held in a liquid phase, and further heat of condensation is released. At this time, the adsorbent 26 in the fluid holding chamber 22 is heated by transferring the released condensation heat by heat exchange. As a result, the water vapor adsorbed on the adsorbent 26 in the fluid holding chamber 22 is desorbed, and the desorbed water vapor is once recovered in the fluid recovery chamber 50 through the circulation pipe 28 and then the condenser 40 via the circulation pipe 52. Sent to.
At this time, water generated by condensation increases in the fluid holding chamber 24, and water vapor adsorbed on the adsorbent 26 gradually decreases in the fluid holding chamber 22.
As the amount of water vapor adsorbed in the fluid holding chamber 22 decreases in this way, the adsorbent 26 is in a state where it easily adsorbs water vapor, so that the water in the first evaporator 10 is easily vaporized and generated. Water vapor is supplied to the fluid holding chamber 22. When the water vapor is sent to the fluid holding chamber 22, the water vapor is adsorbed and held by the adsorbent in the fluid holding chamber 22 and releases heat of adsorption. The released adsorption heat is heat-exchanged with the fluid holding chamber 24 to heat the fluid holding chamber 24, and the water accumulated in the fluid holding chamber 24 by condensation is vaporized and desorbed as water vapor. The water vapor (second fluid) desorbed at this time is once recovered in the fluid recovery chamber 50 through the distribution pipe 29 and then sent to the condenser 40 through the distribution pipe 52.
At this time, in the fluid holding chamber 22, the amount of water vapor adsorbed on the adsorbent 26 increases, and in the fluid holding chamber 24, the accumulated water vaporizes and gradually decreases.
As described above, by repeating the attachment and detachment of the water vapor in the fluid holding chambers 22 and 24 of the adsorber 20, the heat energy continuously used in the condenser can be recovered.

  The control device 90 is a control means that takes full control of the adsorption heat pump, and is electrically connected to the valves V1 to V4, the pump P1, and an external heat source, and controls the valves, pumps, heat sources, and heat exchange. It is configured to control the heat utilization.

  Next, in the control routine by the control device 90 which is a flow control means for controlling the adsorption heat pump of the present embodiment, steam is alternately supplied to the two fluid holding chambers of the adsorber 20 to continue the heat increase cycle. A heat increase cycle control routine for recovering heat energy will be described with reference to FIG.

  When the power supply of the control device 90 is turned on by turning on the start-up switch of the adsorption heat pump according to the present embodiment, the system is started and a heat increase cycle control routine is executed. The system may be started manually instead of automatically.

  When this routine is executed, first, in order to determine the adsorption amount of the adsorbate (water vapor) in the adsorbent 26 of the fluid holding chamber 22, the adsorption amount is measured in step 100. Then, in the next step 120, it is determined whether or not the adsorption amount is less than a predetermined threshold value P.

  If it is determined in step 120 that the amount of water vapor adsorbed is less than the threshold value P, the adsorbent 26 is in a state where the adsorbent 26 can continuously adsorb water vapor from the first evaporator 10. Open and adsorption of water vapor by the adsorbent 26 is started. At this time, adsorption heat is generated by adsorption of water vapor, and the fluid holding chamber 24 capable of heat exchange is heated. Further, the valve V3 attached to the distribution pipe 28 is closed. In the fluid holding chamber 24 heated by exchanging heat of adsorption from the fluid holding chamber 22, water is vaporized and desorbed as water vapor. Therefore, in the next step 160, the valve V <b> 1 provided in the distribution pipe 29 is opened, and water vapor is sent to the fluid recovery chamber 50 through the distribution pipe 29. At this time, the valve V2 attached to the distribution pipe 29 is closed.

  Next, when it is determined in step 120 that the amount of water vapor adsorbed is greater than or equal to the threshold value P, the adsorbent 26 is already in a state where it cannot adsorb water vapor from the first evaporator 10. In order to desorb the water vapor from the material 26, the valve V2 is opened and heated water vapor is supplied from the second evaporator 30. When the heated water vapor is sent to the fluid holding chamber portion 24 of the adsorber 20 through the circulation pipe 32, the water vapor is condensed in the fluid holding chamber 24 and is held by phase change to water, and the condensation heat is released. To do. At this time, the heat of the water vapor supplied to the fluid holding chamber 24 is exchanged with the fluid holding chamber 22, and the condensed heat released is also exchanged with the fluid holding chamber 22. The adsorbent 26 in the holding chamber 22 is heated. In this way, the water vapor adsorbed on the adsorbent 26 in the fluid holding chamber 22 is desorbed again. Therefore, in the next step 200, the valve V <b> 3 attached to the distribution pipe 28 is opened, and water vapor is sent to the fluid recovery chamber 50 through the distribution pipe 28. At this time, the valve V4 attached to the distribution pipe 12 is closed.

  Subsequently, in step 220, it is determined whether or not there is a system stop request. If it is determined that the system stop request is not made, the heat increase cycle is continued. repeat.

  If it is determined in step 220 that a system stop request has been made, this routine is terminated to stop the system.

  In the first embodiment, an example in which water vapor is used as the first fluid and the second fluid has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to water vapor, and also when a fluid having a relatively large latent heat of evaporation such as ammonia other than water vapor is used. Similar effects are produced.

(Second Embodiment)
A second embodiment of the adsorption heat pump of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. In the present embodiment, the two adsorbers 20 of the first embodiment are arranged, and the two adsorbers are the adsorption heat pumps A and B that share the first evaporator, the second evaporator, and the condenser. It has a system configuration that operates alternately.

  In addition, the same referential mark is attached | subjected to the component similar to 1st Embodiment, and the detailed description is abbreviate | omitted.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the adsorption heat pump 200 according to the present embodiment is composed of a single second evaporator (heater) 30 and a first evaporator 110 that are configured in the same manner as in the first embodiment. , And the condenser 140 is used in common. As the first evaporator 110 and the condenser 140, those configured similarly to the first evaporator 10 and the condenser 40 of the first embodiment can be used, but water vapor is discharged from two adsorbers. It is desirable that the condenser to be used is configured to have at least twice the capacity of the first evaporator that alternately supplies water vapor to the two adsorbers.

  The first evaporator 110 is configured in the same manner as the first evaporator 10 of the first embodiment, and adsorber 20A is capable of supplying water vapor, which is a first fluid generated by vaporizing and vaporizing water. , 20B, respectively. Specifically, one end of a distribution pipe 12 having a valve V14 that is a flow control valve and one end of a distribution pipe 112 having a valve V14 are connected to the first evaporator 110. The first evaporator 110 is communicated with the adsorber 20 </ b> A via the distribution pipe 12 and is communicated with the adsorber 20 </ b> B via the distribution pipe 112.

  The adsorber 20 </ b> A is configured similarly to the adsorber 20 of the first embodiment, and includes a fluid holding chamber 22 and a fluid holding chamber 24. Further, the adsorber 20B is basically configured in the same manner as the adsorber 20 of the first embodiment. Specifically, water vapor (first fluid) is supplied from the first evaporator 110, and water vapor Is supplied to the fluid holding chamber 122, which is a first fluid holding unit for desorbing and releasing the adsorbed water vapor, and the second evaporator 30 to supply the water vapor. And a fluid holding chamber 124 which is a second fluid holding unit that condenses and holds and desorbs and releases the condensed water vapor.

The details of the adsorber 20A are as described for the adsorber 20 in the first embodiment.
The adsorber 20B is provided with a plurality of fluid holding units 122 and fluid holding units 124, and each of the fluid holding unit 122 and the fluid holding unit 124 is provided in the housing of the adsorber 20B as shown in FIG. Alternatingly arranged, adjacent chambers are thermally connected to each other. That is, when heat is released or absorbed by the fluid holding unit 122 and the temperature changes, the fluid holding unit 122 exchanges heat with the fluid holding unit 124 so that the fluid holding unit 124 is heated or cooled. It has become.

  The fluid holding chamber 122 is connected to the other end of the circulation pipe 112, and water vapor is supplied from the first evaporator 110. As shown in FIG. 2, in the fluid holding chamber 122, plate-like adsorbents 26 are disposed on the top and bottom surfaces of each chamber so that the supplied water vapor can be adsorbed and held. Yes.

One end of a circulation pipe 132 is connected to the fluid holding chamber 124, and heat is supplied together with water vapor from the second evaporator 30 that is a heater. The fluid holding chamber 124 is connected to the second evaporator 30 by a circulation pipe 132 having a valve V12 that is a flow rate adjusting valve. When heat is supplied from the evaporator 30, heat exchange is performed with the fluid holding chamber 122, and water vapor is condensed in the fluid holding chamber 124 to generate water. At this time, the water vapor adsorbed by the adsorbent is desorbed in the fluid holding chamber 122.

The condenser 140 is connected to the adsorbers 20A and 20B so that the water vapor can be supplied from both of the adsorbers 20A and 20B, respectively, and condenses the water vapor supplied from the adsorbers 20A and 20B.
Here, the connection relationship between the condenser 140 and the adsorber 20B is as follows. That is, one end of a distribution pipe 128 having a valve V13 that is a flow rate control valve and one end of a flow pipe 129 having a valve V11 that is a flow rate control valve are connected to the adsorber 20B. Is communicated with the fluid holding chamber 122 of the adsorber 20B via the circulation pipe 128 and is communicated with the fluid holding chamber 124 of the adsorber 20B via the circulation pipe 129.
The connection relationship between the condenser 140 and the adsorber 20A is as described in the first embodiment.

  In the adsorption heat pump A, the other ends of the distribution pipe 28 and the distribution pipe 29 are connected to the fluid recovery chamber 50A, respectively. In the fluid recovery chamber 50A, from the fluid holding chambers 22 and 24 on the adsorption heat pump A side. The water vapor discharged through each distribution pipe is recovered. Further, in the adsorption heat pump B, the other ends of the distribution pipe 128 and the distribution pipe 129 are connected to the fluid recovery chamber 50B, respectively. In the fluid recovery chamber 50B, from the fluid holding chambers 122 and 124 on the adsorption heat pump B side. Water vapor discharged through the distribution pipes is collected.

  The fluid recovery chambers 50A and 50B are connected to the condenser 140 by flow pipes 52 and 152, respectively, and the water vapor collected in the fluid recovery chambers 50A and 50B is sent to the condenser 140 through the flow pipes 52 and 152. Here, the heat energy of the entire system can be recovered by aggregating the water vapor.

Next, an operation example of the adsorption heat pump of this embodiment will be described.
The operations of the adsorption heat pumps A and B are as described in the “example of operation of the adsorption heat pump” in the first embodiment. In the present embodiment, since two adsorption heat pumps are provided, when adsorption of water vapor is performed with an adsorbent of one adsorption heat pump (for example, adsorption heat pump A), the other adsorption heat pump (for example, adsorption type) When desorbing water vapor with the adsorbent of the heat pump B) and conversely desorbing water vapor with the adsorbent of the one adsorption heat pump (adsorption heat pump A), the other adsorption heat pump (adsorption heat pump B) ) Can adsorb water vapor.

  The control device 190 is a control means that takes full control of the adsorption heat pumps A and B, and is electrically connected to the valves V1 to V4, V11 to V14, the pump P1, an external heat source, and the like. It is configured to control heat utilization by controlling the heat source and heat exchange.

  Next, in the control routine by the control device 190 which is a flow control means for controlling the adsorption heat pump of the present embodiment, the first embodiment is achieved by causing the adsorbers 20A and 20B to alternately adsorb and desorb water vapor. A heat increase cycle control routine for continuing the same heat increase cycle and recovering heat energy will be described with reference to FIG.

  When the power source of the control device 190 is turned on by turning on the start-up switch of the adsorption heat pump of the present embodiment, the system is started and a heat increase cycle control routine is executed. The system may be started manually instead of automatically.

  When this routine is executed, first, in step 300, in order to determine which of the adsorbers 20A and 20B adsorbs and desorbs water vapor, the fluid holding chamber 22 of the adsorber 20A and the fluid of the adsorber 20B are determined. The adsorption amount of water vapor in the holding chamber 122 is measured.

Subsequently, in step 320, the amount of adsorption is determined from the measured amount of adsorption, and it is determined that the amount of adsorption in the fluid holding chamber 22 of the adsorber 20A is smaller than the amount of adsorption in the fluid holding chamber 122 of the adsorber 20B. In some cases, more water vapor can be further adsorbed in the fluid holding chamber 22 than in the fluid holding chamber 122, and therefore, the process proceeds to step 400 where water vapor is adsorbed by the adsorber 20A and water vapor is desorbed by the adsorber 20B.
Conversely, when it is determined in step 320 that the adsorption amount of the fluid holding chamber 122 of the adsorber 20B is smaller than the adsorption amount of the fluid holding chamber 22 of the adsorber 20A, the fluid holding chamber 122 is more than the fluid holding chamber 22. Since more water vapor can be further adsorbed, the process proceeds to step 500 where water vapor is adsorbed by the adsorber 20B and water vapor is desorbed by the adsorber 20A.

  In step 400, the fluid holding chambers 22 and 122 are distinguished. In the fluid holding chamber 22, in the next step 410, the valve V <b> 4 is opened and the adsorption of the water vapor by the adsorbent 26 is started. At this time, adsorption heat is generated by adsorption of water vapor, and the fluid holding chamber 24 capable of heat exchange is heated. Further, the valve V3 attached to the distribution pipe 28 is closed. In the fluid holding chamber 24 heated by exchanging heat of adsorption from the fluid holding chamber 22, water is vaporized and desorbed as water vapor. Therefore, in the next step 430, the valve V1 provided in the distribution pipe 29 is opened, and water vapor is sent to the fluid recovery chamber 50A through the distribution pipe 29. At this time, the valve V2 attached to the distribution pipe 32 is closed.

  Further, in the fluid holding chamber 122, in the next step 420, in order to desorb the water vapor of the adsorbent 26, the valve V 12 is opened and the heated water vapor is supplied from the second evaporator 30. When the heated water vapor is sent to the fluid holding chamber portion 124 of the adsorber 20B through the circulation pipe 132, the water vapor is condensed in the fluid holding portion 124 and is held by phase change to water, and the condensation heat is released. To do. At this time, the heat of the water vapor supplied to the fluid holding chamber 124 is exchanged with the fluid holding chamber 122, and the condensed heat released is also exchanged with the fluid holding chamber 122. The adsorbent 26 in the holding chamber 122 is heated. In this way, the water vapor adsorbed on the adsorbent 26 in the fluid holding chamber 122 is desorbed again. Therefore, in the next step 440, the valve V13 attached to the circulation pipe 128 is opened, and water vapor is sent to the fluid recovery chamber 50B through the circulation pipe 128. At this time, the valve V14 attached to the distribution pipe 112 is closed.

  Next, in step 500, the fluid holding chambers 22 and 122 are distinguished. In the fluid holding chamber 122, in the next step 520, the valve V <b> 14 is opened and the adsorption of the water vapor by the adsorbent 26 is started. At this time, adsorption heat is generated by the adsorption of water vapor, and the fluid holding chamber 124 capable of heat exchange is heated. Further, the valve V13 attached to the distribution pipe 128 is closed. In the fluid holding chamber 124 heated by exchanging heat of adsorption from the fluid holding chamber 122, water is vaporized and desorbed as water vapor. Therefore, in the next step 540, the valve V11 provided in the circulation pipe 129 is opened, and water vapor is sent to the fluid recovery chamber 50B through the circulation pipe 129. At this time, the valve V12 attached to the distribution pipe 132 is closed.

  In the fluid holding chamber 22, in the next step 510, in order to desorb the water vapor from the adsorbent 26, the valve V <b> 2 is opened and heated water vapor is supplied from the second evaporator 30. When the heated water vapor is sent to the fluid holding chamber portion 24 of the adsorber 20A through the circulation pipe 32, the water vapor is condensed in the fluid holding chamber 24 and is held by phase change to water, and the condensation heat is released. To do. At this time, the heat of the water vapor supplied to the fluid holding chamber 24 is exchanged with the fluid holding chamber 22, and the condensed heat released is also exchanged with the fluid holding chamber 22. The adsorbent 26 in the holding chamber 22 is heated. In this way, the water vapor adsorbed on the adsorbent 26 in the fluid holding chamber 22 is desorbed again. Therefore, in the next step 530, the valve V3 attached to the distribution pipe 28 is opened, and water vapor is sent to the fluid recovery chamber 50A through the distribution pipe 28. At this time, the valve V4 attached to the distribution pipe 12 is closed.

  Subsequently, in step 600, it is determined whether or not there is a system stop request, and when it is determined that the system stop request is not made, the process returns to step 300 again to continue the heat increase cycle, and the same steps as above. repeat. Conversely, when it is determined in step 600 that a system stop request has been made, this routine is terminated to stop the system.

  In the second embodiment, the example in which water vapor is used as the first fluid and the second fluid has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to water vapor, and also when a fluid having a relatively large latent heat of evaporation such as ammonia other than water vapor is used. Similar effects are produced.

  Moreover, although the above-mentioned embodiment demonstrated and demonstrated the case where a silica gel was used as an adsorbent, the same effect can be show | played not only using a silica gel but using adsorbents other than the silica gel described above.

10, 110 ... 1st evaporator (1st evaporator)
20, 20A, 20B ... adsorber 30 ... second evaporator (heater)
40, 140 ... condenser 90, 190 ... control device (distribution control means)
22, 122 ... distribution holding chamber (first distribution holding unit)
24, 124 ... distribution holding chamber (second distribution holding section)
V1 to V4, V11 to V14 ... Valve ( Flow control valve)

Claims (10)

A first evaporator for evaporating the first fluid;
A first fluid is supplied from the first evaporator, a first fluid holding unit that holds the first fluid and desorbs the held fluid, and a second fluid is supplied, and the second fluid is supplied. And a second fluid holding portion that thermally decouples the held fluid, and at least one of the first fluid holding portion and the second fluid holding portion is supplied. An adsorber having an adsorbent that releases heat of reaction when holding a fresh fluid;
A heater for heating at least the adsorbent by heating the second fluid and supplying the heated second fluid to the adsorber;
The adsorber communicated with the first fluid holding unit and the second fluid holding unit so as to allow fluid to flow, and was discharged from the first fluid holding unit and the second fluid holding unit. A condenser for condensing the first fluid and the second fluid;
Equipped with a,
The heater is an adsorption heat pump that is a second evaporator that generates water vapor as the second fluid and supplies the water vapor to the adsorber .   In the adsorber, at least the first fluid holding unit has an adsorbent, and the first fluid is discharged from the adsorbent when the first fluid is supplied from the first evaporator to the first fluid holding unit. The adsorption heat pump according to claim 1, wherein the second fluid held in the second fluid holding part is desorbed by reaction heat. In the adsorber, the second fluid holding portion further has an adsorbent, and the second fluid is discharged from the adsorbent when the second fluid is supplied from the second evaporator to the second fluid holding portion. The adsorption heat pump according to claim 2 , wherein the first fluid held in the first fluid holding portion is desorbed by reaction heat. The adsorption type according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein one of the first fluid holding part and the second fluid holding part has the adsorbent, and the other has at least one of a porous layer and a groove part. heat pump. In the adsorber, at least the first fluid holding part has an adsorbent, and
A first flow rate adjustment valve for adjusting a flow rate of a first fluid between the first evaporator and the first fluid holding unit;
A second flow rate adjustment valve for adjusting a flow rate of a second fluid between the heater and the second fluid holding unit;
When detaching the second fluid held in the second fluid holding portion, the opening of the first flow rate control valve is increased so that the first fluid is adsorbed by the adsorbent. When the opening of the second flow control valve is reduced and the first fluid adsorbed on the first fluid holding part is desorbed, the opening of the second flow control valve is increased. A flow control means for switching the flow of the first fluid and the second fluid by reducing the opening of the first flow control valve;
Adsorption heat pump according to any one of claims 1 to 4 comprising a. The flow control means, when the amount of adsorption of the first fluid in the adsorbent is less than a predetermined threshold, opening of the first flow rate control valve opening degree greatly vital second flow rate control valve degrees was small, the when adsorption is not less than a predetermined threshold, according to claim 5 to increase the opening degree of the first flow control valve for opening a small vital second flow rate control valve Adsorption heat pump. The adsorption heat pump according to any one of claims 1 to 6 , wherein the first fluid is ammonia. The adsorption heat pump according to any one of claims 1 to 6 , wherein the first fluid and the second fluid are the same fluid. The adsorption heat pump according to any one of claims 1 to 8 , wherein the adsorbent includes at least one selected from the group consisting of activated carbon, mesoporous silica, zeolite, silica gel, and clay mineral. Comprising two adsorbers,
The two adsorbers are respectively connected to the heater and to the first evaporator and the condenser, and one of the two adsorbers is connected to the first fluid holding unit. When having the adsorbent and holding the first fluid in the adsorbent, the other has the adsorbent in the first fluid holding portion and desorbs the first fluid from the adsorbent. The adsorption heat pump according to any one of claims 1 to 9 .