JP6036444B2 - Adsorption heat pump - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an adsorption heat pump.

  Conventionally, a heat cycle system using an adsorption heat pump has been used in various fields, and is applied to an air conditioner or a water heater.

The adsorption type heat pumps proposed so far are generally provided with a pair of adsorbers, a condenser and an evaporator (see, for example, Patent Document 1), and heat increase to increase COP (Coefficient Of Performance). As an example using the mode, an adsorption heat pump type water heater has been proposed (for example, see Non-Patent Document 1). In this system, switching of the operation mode and hot water supply operation are usually performed by switching the flow path using a three-way valve. Specifically, an operation of adsorbing fluid on one side of the adsorber and desorbing the other (that is, regeneration of the adsorber) and an operation of desorbing fluid from the one adsorber and adsorbing to the other are switched Alternately.
In addition, an adsorption refrigerator that operates in the same manner as described above is also known (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 2).

  In recent years, attention has been paid to the preservation of the global environment, and considering that the movement of energy saving has been activated, further improvement in thermal efficiency is required for apparatuses using adsorption heat pumps.

JP 2006-125713 A

"24th Technology Development and Survey Project Results Presentation [P5.1.2] Development of high-efficiency kerosene combustion equipment using adsorption heat pump", [online], June 2010, Petroleum Energy Technology Center, [Search on November 22, 2012], Internet <URL: http://www.pecj.or.jp/japanese/report/2010report/24data/p512.pdf> "Adsorption refrigeration machine of union industry", [online], Union Sangyo Co., Ltd. [searched on November 22, 2012], Internet <URL: http: //www.union-reitouki. com / chiller / principle.html>

When performing a heat increase cycle in a general adsorption heat pump that has been proposed so far, the increased energy is the heat of condensation (Q ¹ ), heat of adsorption (Q ² ), and sensible heat (Q ³ ) of the adsorber. ) can be defined by the sum of the sensible heat in the adsorber represented by Q ³ are a reality is has come to be discarded without being recovered. However, in a system or the like in which a plurality of adsorbers are provided, the amount of heat of sensible heat cannot be ignored, which contributes to an increase in heat loss of the entire system.

However, if all of the thermal energy generated in the system (= Q ¹ + Q ² + Q ³ ) is to be recovered, a mechanism for reducing the sensible heat loss that occurs in the adsorber when switching between adsorption and desorption of adsorbate And the entire system becomes complicated. For example, in a system provided with a plurality of valves and flow paths, the flow paths need to be switched in accordance with the switching of the adsorption / desorption, which makes the control of the valves complicated.

  On the other hand, a system using fossil fuel that obtains thermal energy by combustion has a significantly large thermal energy loss (sensible heat loss), so the COP value is generally low, whereas a heat pump has a relatively high COP. Is expected to be obtained. However, in a system that uses heat through an adsorption / desorption process using a heat medium, when switching between a high-temperature fluid (for example, 80 ° C.) and a low-temperature fluid (for example, 30 ° C.) as the heat medium, it remains in the adsorber. Since the existing heating media are mixed with each other, sensible heat loss of the heating media is inevitably caused. Preventing such heat loss is not easy in terms of system configuration.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above, and an object of the present invention is to provide an adsorption heat pump having a small heat energy loss (sensible heat loss) and a high heat increase effect, and to achieve the object. .

The present invention has been achieved based on the following findings. That is,
In the adsorption heat pump, in order to increase the heat energy increase effect, sensible heat loss due to heat exchange fluid (so-called heat medium) cannot be ignored. Knowledge that replacing the transfer with latent heat using a substance with a large latent heat eliminates the need to switch the heat medium and its flow path, and also reduces the waste of sensible heat caused by mixing heat mediums with different temperatures. It is.

In order to achieve the above object, the adsorption heat pump of the present invention comprises:
An evaporator for evaporating the first fluid;
A first fluid is supplied from the evaporator, and a first fluid holding unit that holds the first fluid and desorbs the held fluid, and a second fluid is supplied and holds and holds the second fluid. And a second fluid holding portion for removing the generated fluid in a thermally connected state, and at least one of the first fluid holding portion and the second fluid holding portion holds the supplied fluid. An adsorber having an adsorbent that releases reaction heat when
The first fluid is supplied from the evaporator, and when the first fluid is fixed, the heat of reaction equal to or greater than the latent heat of vaporization of the first fluid is released, and the heat is stored when the first fluid is desorbed. A heat storage reaction unit having a heat storage material and a fluid vaporization unit that vaporizes the second fluid are supplied in a thermally connected state, and the vaporized second fluid is supplied to the adsorber A heat storage reactor for heating at least the adsorbent, and
The first fluid holding part and the second fluid holding part of the adsorber communicated with each other so as to be able to flow the fluid, and the first fluid discharged from the first fluid holding part and the second fluid holding part; A condenser that condenses the second fluid, supplies the condensed at least first fluid to the evaporator, and supplies the condensed at least second fluid to the thermal storage reactor;
Is provided.

  In the present invention, by using latent heat heating (for example, steam heating) and latent heat cooling, the amount of heat exchange fluid (so-called heat medium) is minimized, and the working fluid that is an adsorbate in the adsorber (for example, ammonia) In addition to reducing sensible heat loss that is likely to occur in the adsorber during adsorption or desorption of water, etc., the collected thermal energy is collected in one place (condenser). Thereby, a sensible heat loss can be prevented and COP can be improved effectively.

In the present invention, the first fluid or the second fluid is supplied to the adsorber from the evaporator or the thermal storage reactor, and the supplied fluid is repeatedly held and desorbed to use the thermal energy. Specifically, in an adsorption heat pump that temporarily holds a fluid that generates latent heat of evaporation supplied from an evaporator or a heat storage reactor, and desorbs the retained fluid so as to use heat energy. A first fluid holding unit that is supplied with the first fluid, holds the first fluid, and desorbs the held fluid; and a second fluid is supplied and holds the second fluid In addition, the second fluid holding unit that detaches the held fluid is in a thermally connected state, so that heat is generated between the first fluid holding unit and the second fluid holding unit. Exchange is performed, and for example, heat used between the two fluid holding units is recovered by a condenser as follows. That is,
When the second fluid heated by the heat storage reactor and vaporized (heated fluid) is sent to the second fluid holding unit, the second fluid is condensed in the second fluid holding unit, for example, into a liquid phase. It is held by changing and releases heat (for example, heat of condensation etc.). The first fluid holding unit is heated by the heat of the second fluid and the heat of condensation, the first fluid held by the first fluid holding unit is desorbed, and the desorbed first fluid is Sent to the condenser. At this time, in the second fluid holding unit, the second fluid increases, and the first fluid held in the first fluid holding unit gradually decreases. When the first fluid held in the first fluid holding portion is reduced in this way, the gaseous first fluid is subsequently supplied from the evaporator. When the gaseous first fluid is sent to the first fluid holding unit, the first fluid is held (for example, adsorbed and held by the adsorbent) in the first fluid holding unit, and heat (for example, adsorption heat). Etc.). The second fluid holding unit is heated by the released heat (for example, adsorption heat), the second fluid held in the second fluid holding unit is desorbed, and the desorbed second fluid is condensed. Sent to the vessel. At this time, in the first fluid holding unit, the holding amount of the first fluid (for example, the adsorption amount in the adsorbent) increases, the second fluid of the liquid in the second fluid holding unit is vaporized, and the second fluid The amount of retention gradually decreases.
In the present invention, the second fluid is supplied to the adsorber by the heat storage reactor. The heat storage reactor has a vaporization function of the second fluid by the reaction heat of the chemical heat storage material and a supply function as a heater that heats the adsorber by sending the heated second gas fluid. Specifically, when the second fluid vaporized in the heat storage reactor as described above is sent to the second fluid holding unit, the first fluid is supplied from the evaporator to the heat storage reaction unit of the heat storage reactor, For example, when the first fluid is immobilized by the following reaction (1), (2), (3) in the chemical heat storage material of the heat storage reaction part (in the reversible reactions (1) to (3) below, The reaction heat generated during the reaction) is exchanged in the fluid vaporization section of the heat storage reactor, vaporizes the second fluid in the fluid vaporization section, and the gaseous second fluid becomes the second fluid in the adsorber. It is sent to the holding part. At this time, the first fluid condensed in the condenser (if the first fluid and the second fluid are the same fluid, the first fluid and the second fluid) is supplied to the evaporator and is condensed. Two fluids (the first fluid and the second fluid when the first fluid and the second fluid are the same fluid) are configured to be supplied to the heat storage reactor. When the amount of fluid fixed to the chemical heat storage material in the heat storage reaction unit reaches a predetermined threshold value, the chemical heat storage material is regenerated by being heated from the outside, for example.
CaO + H ₂ O Ｃａ Ca (OH) ₂ + Q ¹ [kJ] (1)
CaCl ₂ · 2NH ₃ + 6NH ₃ Ｃａ CaCl ₂ · 8NH ₃ + Q ² [kJ] (2)
MgCl ₂ · 2NH ₃ + 4NH ₃ ＭｇMgCl ₂ · 6NH ₃ + Q ³ [kJ] (3)
By repeatedly holding and desorbing the fluid in the adsorber as described above, the heat energy used in the condenser can be continuously recovered.

  In the adsorber, one or both of the first fluid holding part and the second fluid holding part have an adsorbent that releases reaction heat when holding the supplied fluid. As a result, at least one of the fluid holding portions is held by the adsorption of the fluid by the adsorbent, so that adsorption heat is obtained.

In the adsorption heat pump of the present invention, one of the first fluid holding part and the second fluid holding part has an adsorbent (preferably a physical adsorbent), and the other has a porous layer and / or a groove (for example, a groove or It can be configured to have a hollow groove structure or a mesh-like wick structure having a fine mesh phenomenon. In this case, when a fluid (for example, the first fluid) is supplied to the one fluid holding portion provided with the adsorbent, the fluid (which is held in the other fluid holding portion by the reaction heat released from the adsorbent ( For example, the second fluid) is desorbed.
For example, an adsorbent is disposed in the first fluid holding portion, and a groove portion is provided in a heat exchange portion of the second fluid holding portion that is thermally connected to exchange heat with at least the first fluid holding portion. Therefore, when the second fluid sent to the second fluid holding part condenses and liquefies, the liquid remains in the groove part, and the liquid second fluid is uniformly present in the fluid holding part. be able to. That is, for example, the second fluid can be present in the form of a uniform liquid film.
Thereby, the uniformity of heat exchange and the heat exchange efficiency are improved, and when the first fluid is adsorbed on the adsorbent and the adsorption heat is transmitted to the second fluid holding portion, the detachment of the liquid second fluid is promoted. can do.

  In the adsorption heat pump of the present invention, the adsorber can be configured in such a manner that both the first fluid holding part and the second fluid holding part have an adsorbent. In this case, when the first fluid is supplied from the evaporator to the first fluid holding portion of the adsorber, the reaction fluid released from the adsorbent of the first fluid holding portion causes the second fluid holding portion to When the held second fluid is desorbed and the second fluid is supplied from the heat storage reactor to the second fluid holding part of the adsorber, the reaction heat released from the adsorbent of the second fluid holding part As a result, the first fluid held in the first fluid holding part is detached.

  The adsorption heat pump of the present invention preferably further includes a heat source for heating the chemical heat storage material of the heat storage reactor. Since the heat storage reactor has a function of heating and vaporizing the second fluid supplied from the condenser, the first fluid supplied from the evaporator to the heat storage reaction section is fixed to obtain reaction heat. When the amount of fluid that exceeds the predetermined threshold value, reaction heat that exchanges heat with the fluid vaporization unit cannot be obtained. Therefore, by providing a heat source capable of applying heat from the outside, the function of regenerating the chemical heat storage material of the heat storage reaction section and heating and vaporizing the second fluid can be recovered.

In the adsorption heat pump of the present invention, an adsorbent is provided in at least the first fluid holding portion of the adsorber, and further,
A first flow rate adjusting valve for adjusting a flow rate of the first fluid between the evaporator and the first fluid holding unit, and a flow rate of the first fluid between the evaporator and the heat storage reaction unit are adjusted. A second flow rate regulating valve, a third flow rate regulating valve that regulates the flow rate of the second fluid between the heat storage reactor and the second fluid holding unit,
When desorbing the second fluid held in the second fluid holding part, the opening degree of the first flow control valve is increased (for example, opened) so that the first fluid is adsorbed by the adsorbent. The opening degree of the second flow control valve and the third flow control valve is made small (for example, closed) (“adsorber adsorption mode” in which the adsorbent adsorbs the first fluid), and the first fluid holding unit When desorbing the adsorbed first fluid, the opening of the second flow control valve and the third flow control valve are increased (for example, opened) and the opening of the first flow control valve is decreased (for example, (Adsorber regeneration mode in which the adsorbent desorbs the first fluid) to switch the flow of the first fluid and the second fluid (that is, the adsorber adsorption mode and the adsorber adsorption mode). Distribution control means for switching between
Can be provided.

By arranging a first flow rate control valve, a second flow rate control valve, and a third flow rate control valve, for example, according to the amount of water vapor adsorbed, the opening degree of each valve is automatically controlled by the flow control means. Stable heat recovery can be performed stably.
When desorbing the second fluid held in the second fluid holding unit, the amount of adsorption of the first fluid adsorbed on the adsorbent of the adsorber is a predetermined threshold (the maximum amount of adsorption that the adsorbent can adsorb; The same applies to the following), and in such a case, the first fluid flow control valve is opened (for example, opened) in order to generate adsorption heat by adsorbing the first fluid to the adsorbent. ) Conversely, when the first fluid adsorbed by the first fluid holding unit is desorbed, it corresponds to the case where the adsorption amount of the first fluid adsorbed by the adsorbent of the adsorber is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold value. In such a case, the opening amounts of the second flow control valve and the third flow control valve are increased in order to increase the amount of the second fluid supplied from the heat storage reactor and promote the regeneration of the adsorbent. Is increased (for example, opened).

The flow control means is configured to open the first flow control valve, the second flow control valve, and the third flow control valve based on the amount of fluid fixed to the chemical heat storage material of the heat storage reactor. And the attachment / detachment of the fluid in the adsorber can be controlled. In particular,
The amount of the first fluid immobilized on the chemical heat storage material of the heat storage reactor is less than a predetermined threshold (for example, in the case of a metal oxide, the maximum amount of water vapor (fluid) that the metal oxide can bind through a hydration reaction). In some cases, the first fluid is adjusted by increasing (for example, opening) the openings of the second flow control valve and the third flow control valve and decreasing (for example, closing) the opening of the first flow control valve. Hydration is difficult when the first fluid adsorbed by the holding unit is desorbed and the amount of the first fluid immobilized on the chemical heat storage material of the heat storage reactor exceeds a predetermined threshold. Since the reaction heat cannot be obtained in this step, the opening of the second flow control valve is increased, and the first fluid fixed to the chemical heat storage material of the heat storage reactor is removed (for example, heated by the heat source). It is preferable to regenerate the chemical heat storage material by separating.

In addition, the flow control means accumulates the attachment / detachment time of the fluid, and based on the accumulated value, adsorber adsorption mode in which adsorption heat is obtained by adsorption of the fluid to the adsorbent, and the adsorbent is heated to desorb the fluid. The adsorber regeneration mode to be switched may be switched. In particular,
When the second fluid held in the second fluid holding part is desorbed (that is, when the amount of adsorption of the first fluid is less than a predetermined threshold), from the start of driving of the first flow control valve After a predetermined time has elapsed, the opening degree of the first flow control valve is decreased and the opening degrees of the second flow control valve and the third flow control valve are increased and adsorbed by the first fluid holding part. When the first fluid is desorbed (when the adsorption amount of the first fluid is greater than or equal to a predetermined threshold), a predetermined time has elapsed from the start of driving of the second flow control valve and the third flow control valve. After elapses, the opening degree of the second flow control valve and the third flow control valve can be reduced and the opening degree of the first flow control valve can be increased.

  In the adsorption heat pump of the present invention, it is preferable that at least one of the first fluid and the second fluid held or desorbed (preferably adsorbed or desorbed) by the fluid holding unit is ammonia or water. Ammonia and water vapor are substances with a large latent heat of vaporization, so the amount of heat generated when held or desorbed by the fluid holding part is large, and a large amount of heat can be recovered in a single process of holding or desorbing. .

Moreover, it is preferable to use the same fluid for the first fluid and the second fluid. The same fluid means a fluid having the same type of substance.
Conventional adsorption heat pumps use different fluids of a heat exchange fluid called a so-called heat medium and a working fluid that is an adsorbate involved in adsorption or desorption to an adsorber. In such a system, in order to repeatedly perform adsorption / desorption (regeneration) with an adsorber, it is necessary to switch the flow path of each fluid in accordance with the switching of adsorption / desorption, and the control of valves and the like for that is complicated. become. Moreover, since the fluids remaining in the flow paths having different temperatures are mixed by switching the flow paths, a sensible heat loss (thermal energy loss) occurs, and the heat utilization efficiency tends to decrease.
On the other hand, by using the same fluid as the heat medium and working fluid responsible for adsorption / desorption in the adsorber, valve control can be easily performed, and heat can be recovered at a specific location (particularly an aggregator). it can.

  The adsorbent disposed in the adsorber of the adsorption heat pump is preferably selected from the group consisting of activated carbon, mesoporous silica, zeolite, silica gel, and clay mineral. In particular, activated carbon, mesoporous silica, zeolite, silica gel, and clay minerals, which are physical adsorbents, desorb or adsorb 1 mol of a substance when the substance (for example, ammonia or water vapor) is desorbed or resorbed. The amount of heat required for the process is smaller than that of the chemical adsorbent, and the material can be exchanged with a small amount of heat.

  The heat storage reactor of the adsorption heat pump of the present invention is preferably an embodiment configured using a compound selected from metal oxides and metal chlorides as at least one kind of chemical heat storage material, and alkali metal hydroxides and chlorides. More preferred is an embodiment having a compound selected from the group consisting of a metal oxide, an alkaline earth metal hydroxide and chloride, and a transition metal hydroxide and chloride.

  Metal oxides and metal chlorides are suitable in that a high heat storage density (kJ / kg) is obtained, and are suitable for effective use of heat. Alkali metal hydroxides and chlorides, alkaline earth metal hydroxides and chlorides, and transition metal hydroxides and chlorides are useful in terms of further increasing the efficiency of producing hot and cold heat.

  The heat storage density indicates the amount of heat (kJ) stored per kg of hydroxide or metal chloride due to desorption of a heat medium such as water or ammonia.

  In the present invention, when water is used as the first fluid and / or the second fluid and heat storage and heat dissipation are performed by transferring water, the chemical heat storage material includes calcium oxide (CaO), magnesium oxide (MgO), And those selected from barium oxide (BaO).

In the present invention, when ammonia is used as the first fluid and / or the second fluid, and heat is stored and released by transferring ammonia, the chemical heat storage material is lithium chloride (LiCl), magnesium chloride (MgCl ₂ ). , Calcium chloride (CaCl ₂ ), strontium chloride (SrCl ₂ ), barium chloride (BaCl ₂ ), manganese chloride (MnCl ₂ ), cobalt chloride (CoCl ₂ ), and nickel chloride (NiCl ₂ ) are preferred. .

  In the adsorption heat pump of the present invention, two adsorbers are arranged, and the two adsorbers are connected to a heater and to an evaporator and a condenser, respectively. When one of the adsorbers has an adsorbent in the first fluid holding section and holds the first fluid in the adsorbent (that is, generates heat of adsorption), the other is the first fluid holding section. The adsorbent may be included, and the first fluid may be desorbed from the adsorbent (that is, the adsorbent is regenerated). That is, two adsorbers are arranged, and one adsorbent (for example, the adsorbent of the first fluid holding unit) adsorbs fluid, and the other adsorbent (for example, the adsorbent of the first fluid holding unit) By alternately operating the two adsorbers so as to desorb, a large amount of thermal energy can be extracted more efficiently.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, a heat energy loss (sensible heat loss) is small and the adsorption heat pump with a high heat increase effect is provided.

It is the schematic which shows the structural example of the adsorption heat pump of 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the specific structural example of an adsorption device. It is a perspective view which shows the specific aspect of the adsorbent (or chemical heat storage material) with which an adsorber (or heat storage reactor) is equipped. It is a perspective view which shows the specific structural example of a thermal storage reactor. It is a figure which shows the distribution | circulation form at the time of using heat | fever in adsorption machine reproduction | regeneration mode. It is a figure which shows the distribution | circulation form at the time of using heat | fever in adsorption machine adsorption mode. It is a flowchart which shows the heat increase cycle control routine of 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is the schematic which shows the structural example of the adsorption type heat pump of 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a flowchart which shows the heat increase cycle control routine of 2nd Embodiment of this invention.

  Hereinafter, an embodiment of an adsorption heat pump of the present invention will be specifically described with reference to the drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments shown below.

(First embodiment)
A first embodiment of the adsorption heat pump of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. In this embodiment, silica gel is used as the adsorbent for the adsorber, calcium oxide (CaO) is used as the chemical heat storage material for the heat storage reactor, and two fluids (heat medium and working fluid) supplied to the adsorber and the heat storage reactor are used. As an example, an adsorption heat pump (hereinafter also simply referred to as “heat pump”) using water vapor (water) will be described in detail.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the heat pump 100 of the present embodiment includes an evaporator 10, an adsorber 20 having an adsorbent, and a chemical heat storage material, and a heat storage reaction that functions as a heater for steam heating the adsorber. And a condenser 40 that condenses the fluid (water vapor) discharged from the adsorber 20.

  The water vapor is meant to include water in a gaseous state and water condensed into fine water droplets in the air.

The heat pump 100 of the present embodiment has the following two features.
(1) A heat medium for exchanging heat with an adsorber or the like and a working fluid that is an adsorbate or the like adsorbed on the adsorber or the heat storage reactor are the same fluid (water vapor).
(2) Condensation heat transfer and evaporation heat transfer are used for heating and cooling the adsorber.

  The evaporator 10 is connected to the adsorber 20 and the heat storage reactor 30 so as to be able to supply water vapor, which is a first fluid generated by vaporizing water. Specifically, the evaporator 10 is connected to one end of a flow pipe 12 having a valve V4 that is a flow control valve and one end of a flow pipe 14 having a valve V5 that is a flow control valve, respectively. The evaporator 10 is communicated with the adsorber 20 via the circulation pipe 12 and is communicated with the heat storage reactor 30 via the circulation pipe 14.

  The evaporator is a first fluid holding portion provided in the adsorber when the amount of water adsorbed in the chemical heat storage material arranged in the heat storage reaction portion of the heat storage reactor 30 does not reach the saturation amount or as described later. When the amount of water vapor adsorbed on the adsorbent decreases, vaporization of water in the evaporator proceeds, and water vapor is preferably supplied to the distribution pipe 12 as water vapor. In addition, it is preferable that water has a function of heating water with heat from the outside and discharging it as water vapor to the circulation pipes 12 and 14.

Since the evaporator 10 takes away the heat of vaporization by vaporizing water as described above, the evaporator 10 generates cold heat corresponding to the heat of vaporization of water vapor supplied to the adsorber 20. Therefore, by effectively connecting the refrigeration equipment 60 such as an air conditioner outdoor unit that is an example of the refrigeration demand, for example, via the heat exchange pipe 61, the refrigeration can be effectively used.
The heat exchange pipe is composed of an endless pipe and a heat exchange fluid flowing through the pipe. A heat exchange fluid (for example, water or a mixed solvent of water and a water-soluble solvent) circulates and circulates in the pipe by a circulation pump (not shown) attached to the pipe, thereby supplying cold heat to the cooling device 50. be able to.

  The adsorber 20 is supplied with water vapor (first fluid) from the evaporator 10, adsorbs and holds the water vapor, and desorbs and releases the adsorbed water vapor to the fluid holding chamber 22. Then, water vapor (second fluid) is supplied from the heat storage reactor 30 to condense and hold the water vapor, and the fluid holding chamber 24 which is a second fluid holding unit that desorbs and releases the condensed water vapor again as water vapor. And.

  The adsorber 20 is provided with a plurality of fluid holding chambers 22 and fluid holding chambers 24, and each of the fluid holding chambers 22 and the fluid holding chambers 24 is disposed in the housing of the adsorber 20 as shown in FIG. 2. Alternatingly arranged, adjacent chambers are thermally connected to each other. In other words, when a temperature change occurs due to heat dissipation or heat absorption in the fluid holding chamber 22, the fluid holding chamber 22 exchanges heat with the fluid holding chamber 24 so that the fluid holding chamber 24 is heated or cooled. It has become.

  The fluid holding chamber 22 is connected to the other end of the circulation pipe 12, and water vapor is supplied from the evaporator 10. As shown in FIG. 2, the fluid holding chamber 22 is provided with plate-like adsorbents 26 on the top and bottom surfaces of each chamber so that the supplied water vapor can be adsorbed and held. Yes.

The adsorbent 26 is formed into a plate shape using silica gel (physical adsorbent), and is composed of silica gel plates 26A and 26B as shown in FIG. The surface S of the silica gel plates 26A and 26B facing the fluid holding chamber 24, that is, the surface in contact with the top surface and the bottom surface of each chamber is a heat transfer surface, and heat exchange can be performed with the adjacent chambers through this surface.
For example, when water vapor is condensed in the fluid holding chamber 24 and condensation heat is generated, heat exchange is performed on the heat transfer surfaces S of the silica gel plates 26A and 26B, and when the silica gel plates 26A and 26B (adsorbent) are heated, The adsorbed water vapor is desorbed, and the amount of heat provided during heating can be supplied to the condenser 40.

By using the adsorbent, the amount of heat required for adsorption (immobilization) and desorption of water vapor can be suppressed to a small level, and the water vapor can be easily attached and detached even at low energy. In this embodiment, water vapor is used as the first fluid. However, in addition to water vapor, a substance having a large latent heat of vaporization such as ammonia can be suitably used. For example, when ammonia is used, the amount of heat required for adsorption and desorption of 1 mol of ammonia can be suppressed to 20 to 30 kJ / mol. As comparison value, the amount of heat when using the chemical heat storage material (e.g. MgCl _2, CaCl _2, etc.) is 40~60kJ / mol.

  As the adsorbent, a porous material can be used like the silica gel used in the present embodiment. The porous body is preferably a porous body having pores with pore diameters of 10 nm or less from the viewpoint of further improving the reactivity of immobilization and desorption of a fluid such as water vapor by adsorption (preferably physical adsorption). The lower limit of the pore diameter is preferably 0.5 nm from the viewpoint of production suitability and the like. As the porous body, from the same viewpoint as described above, a porous body which is a primary particle aggregate obtained by aggregating primary particles having an average primary particle diameter of 50 μm or less is preferable. The lower limit of the average primary particle diameter is preferably 1 μm from the viewpoint of production suitability and the like.

  Examples of the adsorbent include activated carbon, mesoporous silica, zeolite, clay mineral and the like in addition to the silica gel used in the present embodiment. The clay mineral may be an uncrosslinked clay mineral or a crosslinked clay mineral (crosslinked clay mineral). Examples of clay minerals include sepiolite, smectite clay (saponite, montmorillonite, hectorite, etc.), 4-silicon mica, mica, vermiculite, etc. Among them, sepiolite is preferable.

As the silica gel, the specific surface area by BET method of 100 m ² / g or more 1500 m ² / g or less (more preferably, 300 meters ² / g or more 1000 m ² / g or less) of silica gel is preferably.
As the activated carbon, activated carbon having a specific surface area by a BET method of 800 m ² / g or more and 4000 m ² / g or less (more preferably 1000 m ² / g or more and 2000 m ² / g or less) is preferable.
As the mesoporous silica, mesoporous silica having a specific surface area by a BET method of 500 m ² / g or more and 1500 m ² / g or less (more preferably 700 m ² / g or more and 1300 m ² / g or less) is preferable.
As the zeolite, a zeolite having a specific surface area by the BET method of 50 m ² / g or more and 1000 m ² / g or less (more preferably 100 m ² / g or more and 1000 m ² / g or less) is preferable.

  In the present invention, the type of the adsorbent (preferably a porous body) can be appropriately selected according to the pressure and temperature of the fluid. From the viewpoint of further improving the reactivity of immobilization and desorption of the fluid (water in this embodiment) by adsorption, an embodiment including at least silica gel is preferable. Further, from the viewpoint of further improving the reactivity of immobilization and desorption of ammonia by adsorption, an embodiment including at least activated carbon is preferable.

  In the case of a structure that absorbs and generates heat by transferring the first fluid using an adsorbent (preferably a physical adsorbent), the content ratio of the adsorbent in the total amount of the adsorbent is the reactivity of fluid immobilization and desorption. Is preferably 80% by volume or more, and more preferably 90% by volume or more from the viewpoint of maintaining higher.

When the adsorbent is used as a molded body, a binder may be contained together with the adsorbent. By containing the binder, the shape of the molded body is more easily maintained, so that the heat medium fixation and desorption reactivity by adsorption is further improved. As the binder, a water-soluble binder is preferable. Examples of the water-soluble binder include polyvinyl alcohol and trimethyl cellulose.
Moreover, in addition to the adsorbent and the binder, other components may be contained as necessary. Examples of other components include thermally conductive inorganic materials such as carbon fibers and metal fibers.

  When molding using an adsorbent and a binder, the content ratio of the binder is preferably 5% by volume or more and more preferably 10% by volume or more from the viewpoint of more effectively maintaining the shape of the molded body. The molding method is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a method in which an adsorbent (and other components such as a binder as necessary) is molded by known molding means such as pressure molding and extrusion molding. The pressure at the time of shaping | molding can be 20-100 Mpa, for example, and 20-40 Mpa is preferable.

  One end of a circulation pipe 38 is connected to the fluid holding chamber 24, and heat is supplied together with water vapor from a heat storage reactor 30 described later. When heat is supplied, heat is exchanged with the fluid holding chamber 22, and the water vapor is condensed in the fluid holding chamber 24 to generate water. The heat of condensation at this time is also exchanged with the fluid holding chamber 22. Thereby, in the fluid holding chamber 22, the adsorbent is heated, and the water vapor adsorbed on the adsorbent is desorbed.

  Grooves and wicks (grooves) are provided on the top and bottom surfaces of the fluid holding chamber 24 where heat exchange can be performed with the fluid holding chamber 22. The surface having the groove structure or the wick structure is provided with a concave groove, and the liquid (water in this embodiment) can be held by the surface tension in the groove portion to form a liquid film. Thus, water can be uniformly present on the surface where heat exchange is performed, and the vaporization distribution in the surface where heat exchange is performed can be made uniform.

  The groove structure refers to a structure in which grooves or depressions are formed, and is formed on the inner wall of the heat exchanger. The wick structure refers to a structure formed in a mesh shape or the like having a netting phenomenon, and is also formed on the inner wall. These groove portions are formed by pressing, cutting or the like on the wall surface.

In this embodiment, the fluid holding chamber 24 is only provided with a groove structure and no adsorbent is provided. However, the fluid holding chamber 24 has a structure in which a porous layer is provided on the top surface or the bottom surface of the fluid holding chamber 24 facing the fluid holding chamber 22. May be.
As the porous layer, in addition to using the above-mentioned porous body, it is sufficient that the porous structure is provided by using a material capable of forming a porous structure. As a material capable of forming a porous structure, silica gel, zeolite, silica, activated carbon, clay mineral, and the like can be used. An adsorbent may be disposed as the porous layer, and the same adsorbent that can be used in the fluid holding chamber 22 can be used. Details of silica gel, zeolite, silica, activated carbon, and clay mineral are as described above.

  The thermal storage reactor 30 is supplied with water vapor (first fluid) from the evaporator 10, releases chemical heat when the water vapor is fixed by a hydration reaction, and stores chemical heat when the water vapor is desorbed. A reaction chamber 32 that is a heat storage reaction section having a material, and a vaporization chamber 34 that is a fluid vaporization section that is supplied with water (second fluid) from the condenser 40 and vaporizes water with heat from the reaction chamber 30. I have.

  The heat storage reactor 30 is provided with a plurality of reaction chambers 32 and vaporization chambers 34, and each of the reaction chambers 32 and the vaporization chambers 34 is alternately arranged in the housing of the heat storage reactor 30 as shown in FIG. 4. Arranged and adjacent chambers are thermally connected to each other. In other words, when a temperature change occurs due to heat dissipation or heat absorption in the reaction chamber 32, the reaction chamber 32 exchanges heat with the vaporization chamber 34, and the vaporization chamber 34 is heated or cooled.

  The other end of the distribution pipe 14 is connected to the reaction chamber 32, and water vapor is supplied from the evaporator 10. As shown in FIG. 4, the reaction chamber 32 is provided with plate-like heat storage materials 36 on the top and bottom surfaces of each chamber so that the supplied water vapor reacts with the heat storage material and is held. It has become.

  The plate-shaped heat storage material 36 is formed into a plate shape by pressing a powder of calcium oxide (CaO) that is a chemical heat storage material. Similar to the adsorbent 26, the heat storage material 36 is composed of CaO plate-like bodies (chemical heat storage material structures) 36A and 36B as shown in FIG. The surface S of the CaO plate-like bodies 36A and 36B facing the reaction chamber 34, that is, the surface in contact with the top surface and the bottom surface of each chamber is a heat transfer surface, and heat exchange can be performed with the adjacent chambers through this surface.

Calcium oxide, which is one of chemical heat storage materials, causes the following reaction to generate reaction heat. A chemical heat storage material is a substance that can absorb and release heat using a chemical reaction. For example, absorption and release of heat by CaO has a configuration in which heat is released (heat generation) by hydration and heat is stored (heat absorption) with dehydration. That is, CaO can reversibly repeat heat storage and heat dissipation by the reactions shown below.
CaO + H ₂ O Ｃａ Ca (OH) ₂ (a)
Moreover, it is as follows when the heat storage amount and the calorific value Q are shown together.
CaO + H ₂ O → Ca (OH) ₂ + Q (b)
Ca (OH) ₂ + Q → CaO + H ₂ O (c)

  For example, when water vapor is condensed in the vaporizing chamber 34 and condensation heat is generated, heat exchange is performed on the heat transfer surfaces S of the CaO plate-like bodies 36A and 36B of the heat storage material 36, and the CaO plate-like bodies 36A and 36B are heated. Then, the reaction of the above formula (c) proceeds and dehydrates, and steam corresponding to the amount of heat provided at the time of heating can be supplied to the condenser 40.

By using a chemical heat storage material, the amount of heat required for immobilization and desorption of water vapor can be kept small, and the water vapor can be attached and detached easily even with low energy.
Examples of the chemical heat storage material include, in addition to CaO used in this embodiment, inorganic oxides of alkaline earth metals such as magnesium oxide (MgO) and barium oxide (BaO), and alkalis such as lithium oxide. Examples thereof include inorganic oxides of metals, aluminum oxide (Al ₂ O ₃ ), and the like. A metal oxide may be used individually by 1 type, and may use 2 or more types together.

  In this embodiment, water (water vapor) is used as the first fluid, but a substance having a large latent heat of evaporation such as ammonia can be suitably used in addition to water. When ammonia is used as the first fluid, a metal chloride different from the above is preferably used as the chemical heat storage material. When metal chloride is used, the heat storage density can be further increased.

As the metal chloride, a compound that generates an exothermic reaction upon adsorption of ammonia is applicable. Metal chloride releases heat when ammonia is immobilized (adsorbed) on the heat storage material, and stores heat when ammonia is desorbed from the heat storage material. For example, in the case of magnesium chloride (MgCl ₂ ), in the following reversible reaction, heat can be dissipated when the reaction proceeds in the right direction, and heat can be stored during the reaction that proceeds in the left direction.
_{MgCl 2 · 2NH 3 + 4NH 3} ⇔ MgCl 2 · 6NH 3 + Q 1 [kJ]

As the metal chloride, an alkali metal chloride, an alkaline earth metal chloride, a transition metal chloride, and the like are preferable, and lithium chloride (LiCl), magnesium chloride (MgCl ₂ ), calcium chloride (CaCl ₂ ). ), Strontium chloride (SrCl ₂ ), barium chloride (BaCl ₂ ), manganese chloride (MnCl ₂ ), cobalt chloride (CoCl ₂ ), and nickel chloride (NiCl ₂ ). A metal chloride may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
The kind of metal chloride can be appropriately selected according to the ammonia pressure and temperature. Therefore, the range in which the ammonia pressure and temperature can be selected in accordance with the heat utilization target is expanded.

Among the above, in a system using water as a fluid, a hydration reactive heat storage material that dissipates heat with a hydration reaction and absorbs heat with a dehydration reaction is preferable, and calcium oxide (CaO) is particularly preferable.
In addition, in a system using ammonia as a fluid, operation under freezing is possible. In this case, when the ammonia adsorption temperature is low, BaCl ₂ , CaCl ₂ , and SrCl ₂ can be selected. When the ammonia adsorption temperature is relatively high, MgCl ₂ , MnCl ₂ , CoCl ₂ , and NiCl ₂ can be selected. You can choose.

  The chemical heat storage material can be provided as a molded body obtained by press molding, for example, a granular material such as CaO. The molding method is not particularly limited. For example, a heat storage material (or a slurry containing a heat storage material) containing a chemical heat storage material and other components such as a binder as necessary is formed by a known method such as pressure molding or extrusion molding. A molding method can be applied. The pressure at the time of shaping | molding can be 20-100 Mpa, for example, and 20-40 Mpa is preferable.

  The vaporization chamber 34 is connected to the other end of the circulation pipe 38 connected to the fluid holding chamber 24 of the adsorber and one end of the supply pipe 42. In the vaporizing chamber 34, when condensed water exists in the room, the condensed water exchanges heat with the reaction chamber 32, and when water is supplied from a condenser 40 described later, the supplied water is used for the reaction chamber. By exchanging heat with 32, water vapor is generated.

Grooves and wicks (grooves) are provided on the top and bottom surfaces of the vaporization chamber 34 where heat exchange can be performed with the reaction chamber 32. The surface having the groove structure or the wick structure is provided with a concave groove, and the liquid (water in this embodiment) can be held by the surface tension in the groove portion to form a liquid film. Thus, water can be uniformly present on the surface where heat exchange is performed, and the vaporization distribution in the surface where heat exchange is performed can be made uniform.
The groove structure and the wick structure are as described above.

  In the present embodiment, the vaporizing chamber 34 is merely provided with a groove structure and no adsorbent is provided. However, a structure in which a porous layer is provided on the top or bottom of the vaporizing chamber 34 facing the reaction chamber 32 may be used. . As the porous layer, in addition to using the above-mentioned porous body, it is sufficient that the porous structure is provided by using a material capable of forming a porous structure. Details of the material capable of forming the porous structure are as described above.

  It is preferable that the heat storage reactor 30 further includes a heater that can heat the chemical heat storage material from the outside. When the hydration reaction becomes difficult to proceed with the water vapor supplied from the evaporator, the chemical heat storage material can be regenerated by heating with a heater to advance, for example, a dehydration reaction (desorption of water). The water vapor generated during the regeneration can be returned to the evaporator through the distribution pipe 14 and reused.

  The condenser 40 is connected so as to be able to supply water vapor from the adsorber 20, and condenses the water vapor supplied from the adsorber 20. Specifically, one end of a distribution pipe 28 having a valve V3 that is a flow control valve and one end of a flow pipe 29 having a valve V1 that is a flow control valve are connected to the condenser 40, respectively. The condenser 40 is communicated with the fluid holding chamber 22 of the adsorber 20 via the circulation pipe 28 and is also communicated with the fluid holding chamber 24 of the adsorber 20 via the circulation pipe 29. The water vapor discharged from each through the distribution pipes 24 is collected in one condenser.

  In addition, one end of a circulation pipe 42 having a pump P <b> 1 is connected to the condenser 40, and the condenser communicates with the vaporization chamber 34 of the heat storage reactor 30 by the circulation pipe 42. The water liquefied by condensing water vapor in the condenser 40 is sent to the vaporization chamber 34 of the heat storage reactor 30 through the distribution pipe 42 by driving the pump P1, and water vapor is generated in the vaporization chamber. The water vapor generated here is used to heat the adsorber 20 with water vapor.

  Furthermore, one end of a circulation pipe 44 having a pump P2 is connected to the condenser 40, and the condenser 40 and the evaporator 10 are communicated with each other by the circulation pipe 44. The water condensed in the condenser 40 is also supplied to the evaporator 10 through the distribution pipe 44 by driving the pump P2. The water supplied to the evaporator is sent to the reaction chamber 32 of the heat storage reactor as water vapor, and the supplied water vapor is adsorbed by the chemical heat storage material and used to generate heat that promotes vaporization of water in the vaporization chamber.

  Next, an operation example of the adsorption heat pump of the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a distribution form when using heat in the adsorber regeneration mode, and FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a distribution form when using heat in the adsorber adsorption mode.

In the evaporator 10, water is supplied from the condenser 40, evaporation proceeds, and water vapor is generated. At this time, for example, cold heat of about 15 ° C. can be generated, and by effectively connecting a cold heat device 60 such as an air conditioner outdoor unit, which is an example of cold heat demand, via a heat exchange pipe 61, for example, effective use of cold heat Is possible.
Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 5, the water vapor generated in the evaporator 10 is sent to the reaction chamber 32 of the heat storage reactor 30 through the circulation pipe 14. The sent water vapor hydrates with the chemical heat storage material to generate reaction heat. At this time, for example, heat generation exceeding 100 ° C. is possible. The reaction heat is exchanged with the vaporizing chamber 34, whereby the water in the vaporizing chamber is vaporized by heat, generating, for example, high-temperature steam at 100 ° C. When this high-temperature steam is sent to the fluid holding chamber portion 24 of the adsorber 20 through the distribution pipe 38, the heat of the steam is exchanged to heat the adsorbent 26 in the fluid holding chamber 22, and the steam is heated in the fluid holding chamber 24. It is retained by condensing and changing to a liquid phase, and further heat of condensation is released. At this time, for example, a heat generation of about 90 ° C. is possible. Therefore, the adsorbent 26 in the fluid holding chamber 22 is also heated by heat exchange of the released condensation heat. Thereby, the water adsorbed by the adsorbent 26 in the fluid holding chamber 22 is desorbed as, for example, water vapor at 40 ° C. The desorbed water vapor is sent to the condenser 40 through the distribution pipe 28, and, for example, warm heat of 40 ° C. is generated.
At this time, water generated by condensation increases in the fluid holding chamber 24, and water vapor adsorbed on the adsorbent 26 gradually decreases in the fluid holding chamber 22.

As described above, as the amount of water vapor adsorbed in the fluid holding chamber 22 decreases, the adsorbent 26 becomes in a state where it is likely to adsorb water vapor. Therefore, the water supplied from the condenser 40 to the evaporator 10 is easily vaporized, and the generated water vapor is supplied to the fluid holding chamber 22 of the adsorber 20 as shown in FIG. At this time, the distribution pipes 14, 28, and 38 are closed by valves.
When the water vapor from the evaporator is sent to the fluid holding chamber 22 through the distribution pipe 12 as shown in FIG. 6, the water vapor is adsorbed and held by the adsorbent in the fluid holding chamber 22 and releases heat of adsorption. At this time, for example, heat generation at 40 ° C. is possible. The released heat of adsorption is exchanged with the fluid holding chamber 24 to heat the fluid holding chamber 24, vaporize the water accumulated in the fluid holding chamber 24 by condensation, and desorb it as water vapor. The water vapor (second fluid) desorbed at this time is sent to the condenser 40 through the circulation pipe 29.
At this time, in the fluid holding chamber 22, the amount of water vapor adsorbed on the adsorbent 26 increases, and in the fluid holding chamber 24, the accumulated water vaporizes and gradually decreases.

  As described above, by repeating the adsorber regeneration mode shown in FIG. 5 and the adsorber adsorption mode shown in FIG. 6 until the heat storage energy in the heat storage reactor 30 becomes zero, it is continuously used in the condenser. Heat energy can be recovered. Thereby, the continuous production | generation of cold and warm heat is attained.

  When the hydration reaction of the chemical heat storage material in the heat storage reactor stops progressing, only the circulation pipe 14 is opened by a valve, and the chemical heat storage material is heated (for example, 400 ° C.) by an external heat source (not shown). As a result, the dehydration reaction proceeds in the chemical heat storage material, and water vapor is generated. The generated water vapor is returned to the evaporator through the distribution pipe 14. At this time, the evaporator is used as a condenser, and the sent water vapor is condensed and stored. At this time, for example, 40 ° C. heat can be generated as the heat of condensation.

  The control device 90 is a control means responsible for the overall control of the adsorption heat pump, and is electrically connected to the valves V1 to V5, the pumps P1 to P2, and an external heat source, and performs the valves, pumps, heat sources, and heat exchange. It is configured to control and use heat.

  Next, in the control routine by the control device 90 which is a flow control means for controlling the adsorption heat pump of the present embodiment, steam is alternately supplied to the two fluid holding chambers of the adsorber 20 to continue the heat increase cycle. Description will be made with reference to FIG. 7 focusing on a heat increase cycle control routine for recovering thermal energy.

  When the power supply of the control device 90 is turned on by turning on the start-up switch of the adsorption heat pump according to the present embodiment, the system is started and a heat increase cycle control routine is executed. The system may be started manually instead of automatically.

  When this routine is executed, first, in order to determine the adsorption amount of the adsorbate (water vapor) in the adsorbent 26 of the fluid holding chamber 22, the adsorption amount is measured in step 100. Then, in the next step 120, it is determined whether or not the adsorption amount is less than a predetermined threshold value P.

  If it is determined in step 120 that the amount of water vapor adsorbed is less than the threshold value P, the adsorbent 26 is in a state where the adsorbent 26 can continuously adsorb the water vapor from the evaporator 10, and therefore the process proceeds to step 140 (adsorber adsorption). mode). In step 140, the valve V4 is opened and the adsorption of water vapor by the adsorbent 26 is started. At this time, adsorption heat is generated by adsorption of water vapor, and the fluid holding chamber 24 capable of heat exchange is heated. Further, the valve V3 attached to the distribution pipe 28 is closed. In the fluid holding chamber 24 heated by exchanging heat of adsorption from the fluid holding chamber 22, water is vaporized and desorbed as water vapor. Therefore, in the next step 160, the valve V <b> 1 provided in the distribution pipe 29 is opened, and water vapor is sent to the fluid recovery chamber 50 through the distribution pipe 29. At this time, the valve V2 attached to the distribution pipe 29 is closed.

In the next step 180, the elapsed time after the transition to step 140 whether the situation is less than the predetermined time (timer) Q ¹ is determined, when it is determined that not yet time Q ¹ is passed Since the adsorbent of the adsorber is in a state capable of adsorbing water vapor, steps 140 and 160 are continued. On the other hand, when it is determined that the time Q ¹ is passed, in order to switch to the adsorber regeneration mode, the process proceeds to step 200.

In step 200, in order to desorb the water vapor from the adsorbent 26, the valve V2 is opened and heated water vapor is supplied from the heat storage reactor 30. When the heated water vapor is sent to the fluid holding chamber portion 24 of the adsorber 20 through the circulation pipe 38, the water vapor is condensed in the fluid holding chamber 24 and is held by phase change to water, and the condensation heat is released. To do. At this time, the heat of the water vapor supplied to the fluid holding chamber 24 is exchanged with the fluid holding chamber 22, and the condensed heat released is also exchanged with the fluid holding chamber 22. The adsorbent 26 in the holding chamber 22 is heated. In this way, the water vapor adsorbed on the adsorbent 26 in the fluid holding chamber 22 is desorbed again. Therefore, the next step 22
At 0, the valve V3 attached to the distribution pipe 28 is opened, and water vapor is sent to the condenser 40 through the distribution pipe 28. At this time, the valve V4 attached to the distribution pipe 12 is closed.

In the next step 240, the elapsed time after the transition to step 200 it is determined whether a situation does not reach the predetermined time (timer) Q ^2, when it is determined that not yet time Q ² has elapsed Steps 200 and 220 are continued to further desorb the water adsorbed on the adsorbent of the adsorber and regenerate the adsorbent. On the other hand, when it is determined that the elapsed time Q ² is, the process proceeds to the next step 300, first determines whether the system stop request.

  If it is determined in step 120 that the amount of water vapor adsorbed has reached or exceeded the threshold value P, the routine first proceeds to step 200 (adsorber regeneration mode). Thereafter, after passing through steps 220 and 240 in the same manner as described above, the process proceeds to step 140 as described above to switch to the adsorber adsorption mode.

  In step 300, when it is determined that the system stop is not requested, in order to secure the reaction heat in the chemical heat storage material of the heat storage reactor in continuing the heat increase cycle, in step 320 "adsorber adsorption mode" It is determined whether or not the number of cycles counted with the “adsorber regeneration mode” as one cycle has reached a predetermined number N. On the other hand, when it is determined in step 300 that a system stop request has been made, this routine is terminated to stop the system.

  In the next step 320, when it is determined that the number of cycles has not reached the predetermined number N, the hydration reaction to the chemical heat storage material is in a state in which it can proceed continuously (a state in which reaction heat is obtained). Then, the process returns to step 140 and repeats the same steps as described above. On the other hand, when it is determined in step 320 that the number of cycles has reached the predetermined number N, the hydration reaction of the chemical heat storage material does not proceed and the reaction heat cannot be obtained, so the valve V5 is opened in step 340. Heat is applied to the heat storage reactor by an external heat source to regenerate the chemical heat storage material. At this time, the dehydration reaction of the chemical heat storage material proceeds, and the water vapor generated by dehydration is returned to the evaporator 10 through the circulation pipe 14 and condensed. Also, the cycle number is reset.

  Thereafter, in step 300 again, it is determined whether or not there is a system stop request. When it is determined in step 300 that the system stop is not requested, the number of cycles is determined again in step 320, and the same steps as described above are repeated. When it is determined in step 300 that a system stop request has been made, this routine is terminated to stop the system.

In 1st Embodiment, although CaO was used for the chemical heat storage material, the same effect is show | played even if it uses another chemical heat storage material. Moreover, although the example which used water vapor | steam as a 1st fluid and a 2nd fluid was demonstrated, the same effect is obtained when not only water vapor but the fluid with comparatively large evaporation latent heats, such as ammonia other than water vapor | steam, is used. Played. When ammonia is used, a metal chloride such as magnesium chloride (MgCl ₂ ) is suitable as the chemical heat storage material.

(Second Embodiment)
A second embodiment of the adsorption heat pump of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. In this embodiment, the two adsorbers 20 of the first embodiment are arranged, and the two adsorbers operate alternately the adsorption heat pumps A and B sharing the evaporator, the heat storage reactor, and the condenser. System configuration.

  In addition, the same referential mark is attached | subjected to the component similar to 1st Embodiment, and the detailed description is abbreviate | omitted.

  As shown in FIG. 8, the adsorption heat pump 200 of the present embodiment shares the single heat storage reactor 30, the evaporator 110, and the condenser 140 with the adsorption heat pump configured similarly to the first embodiment. To work. As the evaporator 110 and the condenser 140, those configured similarly to the evaporator 10 and the condenser 40 of the first embodiment can be used, but the condenser in which water vapor is discharged from the two adsorbers. Is preferably configured to have at least twice the capacity of an evaporator that alternately supplies water vapor to two adsorbers.

  The evaporator 110 is configured in the same manner as the evaporator 10 of the first embodiment, and is capable of supplying water vapor, which is a first fluid generated by vaporizing and vaporizing water, respectively, with the adsorbers 20A and 20B. It is connected. Specifically, one end of a distribution pipe 12 having a valve V4 that is a flow control valve and one end of a distribution pipe 112 having a valve V14 are connected to the evaporator 110. The evaporator 110 communicates with the adsorber 20 </ b> A through the distribution pipe 12, and communicates with the adsorber 20 </ b> B through the distribution pipe 112.

  The adsorber 20 </ b> A is configured similarly to the adsorber 20 of the first embodiment, and includes a fluid holding chamber 22 and a fluid holding chamber 24. Further, the adsorber 20B is basically configured in the same manner as the adsorber 20 of the first embodiment. Specifically, water vapor (first fluid) is supplied from the evaporator 110 to adsorb water vapor. Then, steam (second fluid) is supplied from the fluid holding chamber 122, which is a first fluid holding unit that desorbs and releases the adsorbed water vapor, and the heat storage reactor 30, and the water vapor is condensed. A fluid holding chamber 124 which is a second fluid holding portion that holds and condenses and releases condensed water vapor.

The details of the adsorber 20A are as described for the adsorber 20 in the first embodiment.
The adsorber 20B is provided with a plurality of fluid holding units 122 and fluid holding units 124, and each of the fluid holding unit 122 and the fluid holding unit 124 is provided in the housing of the adsorber 20B as shown in FIG. Alternatingly arranged, adjacent chambers are thermally connected to each other. That is, when heat is released or absorbed by the fluid holding unit 122 and the temperature changes, the fluid holding unit 122 exchanges heat with the fluid holding unit 124 so that the fluid holding unit 124 is heated or cooled. It has become.

  The fluid holding chamber 122 is connected to the other end of the circulation pipe 112, and water vapor is supplied from the evaporator 110. As shown in FIG. 2, in the fluid holding chamber 122, plate-like adsorbents 26 are disposed on the top and bottom surfaces of each chamber so that the supplied water vapor can be adsorbed and held. Yes.

  One end of a circulation pipe 138 is connected to the fluid holding chamber 124, and heat is supplied together with water vapor from the heat storage reactor 30 that is a heater. The fluid holding chamber 124 is connected to the heat storage reactor 30 by a flow pipe 138 having a valve V12 that is a flow control valve. When heat is supplied from the evaporator 30, heat exchange is performed with the fluid holding chamber 122, and water vapor is condensed in the fluid holding chamber 124 to generate water. At this time, the water vapor adsorbed by the adsorbent is desorbed in the fluid holding chamber 122.

The condenser 140 is connected to the adsorbers 20A and 20B so that the water vapor can be supplied from both of the adsorbers 20A and 20B, respectively, and condenses the water vapor supplied from the adsorbers 20A and 20B.
Here, the connection relationship between the condenser 140 and the adsorber 20B is as follows. That is, one end of a distribution pipe 128 having a valve V13 that is a flow control valve and one end of a flow pipe 129 having a valve V11 that is a flow control valve are connected to the adsorber 20B. Is communicated with the fluid holding chamber 122 of the adsorber 20B via the circulation pipe 128 and is communicated with the fluid holding chamber 124 of the adsorber 20B via the circulation pipe 129.
The connection relationship between the condenser 140 and the adsorber 20A is as described in the first embodiment.

Further, in the adsorption heat pump A, the other ends of the distribution pipe 28 and the distribution pipe 29 are connected to the condenser 140, respectively. In the condenser, the distribution pipes are respectively connected from the fluid holding chambers 22 and 24 on the adsorption heat pump A side. The water vapor discharged through is recovered. Further, in the adsorption heat pump B, the other ends of the distribution pipe 128 and the distribution pipe 129 are connected to the condenser 140, respectively. In the condenser, the distribution pipes are respectively connected from the fluid holding chambers 122 and 124 on the adsorption heat pump B side. The water vapor discharged through is recovered.
In this way, all the water vapor is collected and condensed in the condenser. Thereby, in the condenser, the thermal energy of the entire system is recovered.

Next, an operation example of the adsorption heat pump of this embodiment will be described.
The operations of the adsorption heat pumps A and B are as described in the “example of operation of the adsorption heat pump” in the first embodiment. In the present embodiment, since two adsorption heat pumps are provided, when adsorption of water vapor is performed with an adsorbent of one adsorption heat pump (for example, adsorption heat pump A), the other adsorption heat pump (for example, adsorption type) When desorbing water vapor with the adsorbent of the heat pump B) and conversely desorbing water vapor with the adsorbent of the one adsorption heat pump (adsorption heat pump A), the other adsorption heat pump (adsorption heat pump B) ) Can adsorb water vapor.

  The control device 190 is a control means responsible for the overall control of the adsorption heat pumps A and B, and is electrically connected to the valves V1 to V4, V11 to V14, the pumps P1 to P2, an external heat source, and the like. It is configured to control heat utilization by controlling the pump, heat source, and heat exchange.

  Next, in the control routine by the control device 190 which is a flow control means for controlling the adsorption heat pump of the present embodiment, the first embodiment is achieved by causing the adsorbers 20A and 20B to alternately adsorb and desorb water vapor. A heat increase cycle control routine for continuing the same heat increase cycle and recovering heat energy will be described with reference to FIG.

  When the power source of the control device 190 is turned on by turning on the start-up switch of the adsorption heat pump of the present embodiment, the system is started and a heat increase cycle control routine is executed. The system may be started manually instead of automatically.

  When this routine is executed, first, in step 400, the fluid holding chamber 22 of the adsorber 20A and the fluid of the adsorber 20B are determined in order to determine which of the adsorbers 20A and 20B adsorbs and desorbs water vapor. The adsorption amount of water vapor in the holding chamber 122 is measured.

Subsequently, in step 420, the amount of adsorption is determined from the measured amount of adsorption, and it is determined that the amount of adsorption in the fluid holding chamber 22 of the adsorber 20A is smaller than the amount of adsorption in the fluid holding chamber 122 of the adsorber 20B. In some cases, more water vapor can be further adsorbed in the fluid holding chamber 22 than in the fluid holding chamber 122, and therefore the process proceeds to step 500 in which the water vapor is adsorbed by the adsorber 20A and desorbed by the adsorber 20B.
Conversely, when it is determined in step 420 that the adsorption amount of the fluid holding chamber 122 of the adsorber 20B is smaller than the adsorption amount of the fluid holding chamber 22 of the adsorber 20A, the fluid holding chamber 122 is more than the fluid holding chamber 22. Since more water vapor can be further adsorbed, the process proceeds to step 600 where water vapor is adsorbed by the adsorber 20B and water vapor is desorbed by the adsorber 20A.

  In step 500, the fluid holding chambers 22 and 122 are distinguished. In the fluid holding chamber 22, in the next step 510, the valve V <b> 4 is opened and the adsorption of the water vapor by the adsorbent 26 is started. At this time, adsorption heat is generated by adsorption of water vapor, and the fluid holding chamber 24 capable of heat exchange is heated. Further, the valve V3 attached to the distribution pipe 28 is closed. In the fluid holding chamber 24 heated by exchanging heat of adsorption from the fluid holding chamber 22, water is vaporized and desorbed as water vapor. Therefore, in the next step 530, the valve V1 provided in the distribution pipe 29 is opened, and water vapor is sent to the fluid recovery chamber 50A through the distribution pipe 29. At this time, the valve V2 attached to the distribution pipe 38 is closed.

  In the fluid holding chamber 122, in the next step 520, in order to desorb the water vapor from the adsorbent 26, the valve V 12 is opened and the heated water vapor is supplied from the heat storage reactor 30. When the heated water vapor is sent to the fluid holding chamber portion 124 of the adsorber 20B through the distribution pipe 138, the water vapor is condensed in the fluid holding portion 124 and is held by phase change to water, and the condensation heat is released. To do. At this time, the heat of the water vapor supplied to the fluid holding chamber 124 is exchanged with the fluid holding chamber 122, and the condensed heat released is also exchanged with the fluid holding chamber 122. The adsorbent 26 in the holding chamber 122 is heated. In this way, the water vapor adsorbed on the adsorbent 26 in the fluid holding chamber 122 is desorbed again. Therefore, in the next step 540, the valve V13 attached to the distribution pipe 128 is opened, and water vapor is sent to the fluid recovery chamber 50B through the distribution pipe 128. At this time, the valve V14 attached to the distribution pipe 112 is closed.

  Next, in step 600, the fluid holding chambers 22 and 122 are distinguished. In the fluid holding chamber 122, in the next step 620, the valve V <b> 14 is opened and the adsorption of water vapor by the adsorbent 26 is started. At this time, adsorption heat is generated by the adsorption of water vapor, and the fluid holding chamber 124 capable of heat exchange is heated. Further, the valve V13 attached to the distribution pipe 128 is closed. In the fluid holding chamber 124 heated by exchanging heat of adsorption from the fluid holding chamber 122, water is vaporized and desorbed as water vapor. Therefore, in the next step 640, the valve V11 provided in the distribution pipe 129 is opened, and water vapor is sent to the fluid recovery chamber 50B through the distribution pipe 129. At this time, the valve V12 attached to the distribution pipe 138 is closed.

  In the fluid holding chamber 22, in the next step 610, in order to desorb the water vapor from the adsorbent 26, the valve V <b> 2 is opened and heated water vapor is supplied from the heat storage reactor 30. When the heated water vapor is sent to the fluid holding chamber portion 24 of the adsorber 20A through the circulation pipe 38, the water vapor is condensed in the fluid holding chamber 24 and is held by phase change to water and releases heat of condensation. To do. At this time, the heat of the water vapor supplied to the fluid holding chamber 24 is exchanged with the fluid holding chamber 22, and the condensed heat released is also exchanged with the fluid holding chamber 22. The adsorbent 26 in the holding chamber 22 is heated. In this way, the water vapor adsorbed on the adsorbent 26 in the fluid holding chamber 22 is desorbed again. Therefore, in the next step 630, the valve V3 attached to the distribution pipe 28 is opened, and water vapor is sent to the fluid recovery chamber 50A through the distribution pipe 28. At this time, the valve V4 attached to the distribution pipe 12 is closed.

  Subsequently, in step 700, it is determined whether there is a system stop request. In step 700, when it is determined that the system stop is not requested, in order to secure the reaction heat of the chemical heat storage material of the heat storage reactor in continuing the heat increase cycle, in step 720, the adsorption heat pump A, It is determined whether or not the total number of cycles of the two heat pumps counted by assuming “adsorber adsorption mode + adsorber regeneration mode” of B as one cycle has reached a predetermined number N. On the other hand, if it is determined in step 700 that a system stop request has been made, this routine is terminated to stop the system.

  In the next step 720, when it is determined that the total number of cycles of the two heat pumps has not reached the predetermined number N, a state in which the hydration reaction to the chemical heat storage material can proceed continuously (reaction heat is obtained). Therefore, the process returns to step 400 and repeats the same steps as described above. On the other hand, when it is determined in step 720 that the total number of cycles has reached the predetermined number N, the hydration reaction of the chemical heat storage material does not proceed and the reaction heat cannot be obtained. Open, heat is applied to the heat storage reactor 30 by an external heat source, and the chemical heat storage material is regenerated. At this time, the dehydration reaction of the chemical heat storage material proceeds, and the dehydrated water vapor is returned to the evaporator 110 through the circulation pipe 14 and condensed. Also, the cycle number is reset.

  Thereafter, in step 700 again, it is determined whether there is a system stop request. If it is determined in step 700 that the system stop is not requested, the number of cycles is determined again in step 720, and the same steps as described above are repeated. When it is determined in step 700 that a system stop request has been made, this routine is terminated as it is to stop the system.

  In the second embodiment, the example in which water is used as the first fluid and the second fluid has been described. However, not only water but also a fluid having a relatively large latent heat of evaporation such as ammonia other than water is used. Similar effects are produced.

  Moreover, although the above-mentioned embodiment demonstrated and demonstrated the case where a silica gel was used as an adsorbent, the same effect can be show | played not only using a silica gel but using adsorbents other than the silica gel described above.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10,110 ... Evaporator 20,20A, 20B ... Adsorber 30 ... Heat storage reactor 40,140 ... Condenser 90,190 ... Control apparatus (distribution control means)
22, 122 ... distribution holding chamber (first distribution holding unit)
24, 124 ... distribution holding chamber (second distribution holding section)
32,132 ... Reaction chamber (heat storage reaction part)
34, 134 ... vaporization chamber (fluid vaporization section)
V1 to V5, V11 to V14 ... Valve (flow control valve)

Claims (15)

An evaporator for evaporating the first fluid;
A first fluid is supplied from the evaporator, a first fluid holding unit that holds the first fluid and desorbs the held fluid, and a second fluid is supplied to hold the second fluid. A second fluid holding unit that thermally decouples the held fluid, and at least one of the first fluid holding unit and the second fluid holding unit supplies the supplied fluid; An adsorber having an adsorbent that releases reaction heat when it is held;
When the first fluid is supplied from the evaporator and the first fluid is fixed, the reaction heat equal to or higher than the latent heat of evaporation of the first fluid is released, and the heat is stored when the first fluid is desorbed. A heat storage reaction part having a chemical heat storage material and a fluid vaporization part that vaporizes the second fluid are supplied in a thermally connected state, and the vaporized second fluid is supplied to the adsorber. A heat storage reactor that heats at least the adsorbent by supplying; and
The adsorber is communicated with the first fluid holding unit and the second fluid holding unit so as to allow fluid to flow, and is discharged from the first fluid holding unit and the second fluid holding unit. A condenser that condenses the first fluid and the second fluid, supplies the condensed at least first fluid to the evaporator, and supplies the condensed at least second fluid to the thermal storage reactor;
Adsorption heat pump with   In the adsorber, one of the first fluid holding part and the second fluid holding part has the adsorbent, the other has at least one of a porous layer and a groove part, and the first fluid holding part has a first The second fluid or the first fluid held in the other fluid holding part is desorbed by the reaction heat released from the adsorbent when the second fluid or the second fluid is supplied. Adsorption heat pump.   In the adsorber, the first fluid holding unit and the second fluid holding unit have an adsorbent, and when the first fluid is supplied from the evaporator to the first fluid holding unit, the adsorber When the second fluid held in the second fluid holding part is desorbed by the released reaction heat and the second fluid is supplied from the heat storage reactor to the second fluid holding part, the adsorbent The adsorption heat pump according to claim 1, wherein the first fluid held in the first fluid holding part is desorbed by the reaction heat released from the reaction.   The adsorption heat pump according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising a heat source for heating the chemical heat storage material of the heat storage reactor. In the adsorber, at least the first fluid holding part has an adsorbent, and
A first flow rate adjustment valve for adjusting a flow rate of a first fluid between the evaporator and the first fluid holding unit;
A second flow rate adjustment valve for adjusting a flow rate of the first fluid between the evaporator and the heat storage reaction unit;
A third flow rate adjustment valve for adjusting a flow rate of the second fluid between the heat storage reactor and the second fluid holding unit;
When detaching the second fluid held in the second fluid holding portion, the opening degree of the first flow control valve is increased so that the first fluid is adsorbed by the adsorbent. When the opening of the second flow control valve and the third flow control valve is reduced and the first fluid adsorbed on the first fluid holding part is desorbed, the second flow control valve is used. Flow control means for switching the flow of the first fluid and the second fluid by increasing the opening of the valve and the third flow control valve and decreasing the opening of the first flow control valve When,
The adsorption heat pump according to claim 1, comprising:   When the amount of the first fluid fixed to the chemical heat storage material of the heat storage reactor is less than a predetermined threshold, the flow control means is configured to control the second flow control valve and the third flow control valve. The first fluid adsorbed to the first fluid holding part is desorbed by increasing the opening and reducing the opening of the first flow control valve, and the chemical heat storage of the heat storage reactor When the amount of the first fluid immobilized on the material exceeds a predetermined threshold, the opening of the second flow control valve is increased and the first fluid immobilized on the chemical heat storage material The adsorption heat pump according to claim 5, wherein the chemical heat storage material is regenerated by desorption.   The flow control means, when desorbing the second fluid held in the second fluid holding portion, after a predetermined time has elapsed from the start of driving of the first flow control valve, the first flow control valve When the second fluid control valve and the third fluid control valve are increased and the first fluid adsorbed on the first fluid holding part is desorbed, After a predetermined time has elapsed from the start of driving of the second flow control valve and the third flow control valve, the openings of the second flow control valve and the third flow control valve are reduced and the first flow control valve The adsorption heat pump according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the opening degree is increased.   The adsorption heat pump according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the first fluid and the second fluid is ammonia or water.   The adsorption heat pump according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the first fluid and the second fluid are the same fluid.   The adsorption heat pump according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the adsorbent includes at least one selected from the group consisting of activated carbon, mesoporous silica, zeolite, silica gel, and clay mineral.   The adsorption heat pump according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the heat storage reactor includes at least one selected from a metal oxide and a metal chloride as the chemical heat storage material.   The adsorption type according to claim 11, wherein the chemical heat storage material is selected from the group consisting of oxides and chlorides of alkali metals, oxides and chlorides of alkaline earth metals, and oxides and chlorides of transition metals. heat pump.   The at least one of the first fluid and the second fluid is water, and the chemical heat storage material for immobilizing water is selected from calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, and barium oxide. The adsorption heat pump of any one of these.   At least one of the first fluid and the second fluid is ammonia, and the chemical heat storage material for immobilizing ammonia is lithium chloride, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, strontium chloride, barium chloride, manganese chloride, cobalt chloride. And an adsorption heat pump according to any one of claims 1 to 12, selected from nickel chloride. Comprising two adsorbers,
The two adsorbers are connected to the heat storage reactor and to the evaporator and the condenser, respectively, and one of the two adsorbers is attached to the first fluid holding unit. When the first fluid is held in the adsorbent, the other has the adsorbent in the first fluid holding portion and desorbs the first fluid from the adsorbent. The adsorption heat pump according to any one of claims 1 to 14.