JP6150045B2 - 微多孔膜及びその製造方法、並びに、電気化学素子 - Google Patents
微多孔膜及びその製造方法、並びに、電気化学素子 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6150045B2 JP6150045B2 JP2013086988A JP2013086988A JP6150045B2 JP 6150045 B2 JP6150045 B2 JP 6150045B2 JP 2013086988 A JP2013086988 A JP 2013086988A JP 2013086988 A JP2013086988 A JP 2013086988A JP 6150045 B2 JP6150045 B2 JP 6150045B2
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- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000012784 inorganic fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910003475 inorganic filler Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002563 ionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophorone diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(N=C=O)CC(C)(CN=C=O)C1 NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002641 lithium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001989 lithium alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021437 lithium-transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002931 mesocarbon microbead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- GDOPTJXRTPNYNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl-cyclopentane Natural products CC1CCCC1 GDOPTJXRTPNYNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010981 methylcellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 235000019426 modified starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Octanol Natural products CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- JLGLQAWTXXGVEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol monomethyl ether Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCO JLGLQAWTXXGVEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ε-Caprolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCO1 PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors
Landscapes
- Paper (AREA)
- Electric Double-Layer Capacitors Or The Like (AREA)
- Cell Separators (AREA)
Description
1)リチウムイオン二次電池の宿命として少なからずリチウムデンドライトが必ず発生する。細孔径のサイズを小さく設計することができるため、リチウムデンドライトによる短絡を防ぐリチウム遮断特性に優れる。
2)リチウムイオン二次電池が熱暴走を起こした際に、ポリプロピレンやポリエチレンが溶融することで細孔が狭くなり初期の熱暴走を抑制することが可能である。
といった点である。
引張破断強度が0.5kN/m以上であり、30N/mの張力における引張伸度が0.01%〜0.2%であり、170℃における長手方向と幅方向の熱収縮率がそれぞれ2%未満である、微多孔膜に関する。
前記スラリーを乾燥させて前記基材上にシートを形成する工程、及び、
前記シートを前記基材から剥離する工程
を備える、引張破断強度が0.5kN/m以上であり、30N/mの張力における引張伸度が0.01%〜0.2%であり、170℃における長手方向と幅方向の熱収縮率がそれぞれ2%未満である微多孔膜の製造方法にも関する。
空孔率(%)=100×(吸液後のシート重量−吸液前のシート重量)/吸液させた溶媒の密度×5×5×厚み(cm)
セルロース繊維及び沸点が180℃以上の親水性開孔剤を少なくとも含むスラリーを基材上に塗布する工程、
前記スラリーを乾燥させて前記基材上にシートを形成する工程、及び、
前記シートを前記基材から剥離する工程
を備える製造方法により得ることができる、
厚み計TM600(熊谷理機製)を用い、セルロース製微多孔膜50mm×50mmのサンプルの厚さを任意で5点測定し、その平均値を膜厚とした。
(2)空孔率の測定
50mm×50mmのサイズにカットしたセルロース製微多孔膜サンプルを23℃50%RHの雰囲気下で1日調湿した後、サンプルの厚みを測定し、更にサンプルの重量を4桁若しくは5桁秤を用いて秤量する。秤量後、ケロシンに1分間含浸させた後、表面について余分な溶媒を吸い取り紙で吸収した後、再度秤量を行い、前述の計算式より算出した。
(3)透気抵抗度の測定
JIS P8117に準じた方法により膜厚10μm当たりの透気抵抗度(単位:秒/100cc)を測定した。
(4)引張破断強度及び引張伸度の測定
JIS C2151に準じた測定法により引張破断強度を測定した。引張破断強度を測定した際に出力されたSSカーブから30N/mにおける引張伸度を決定した。
(5)熱収縮率の測定
100mm×100mmのサイズにカットしたサンプルを23℃50%RHの雰囲気下で1日調湿した後、170℃の乾燥機に1時間静置した。乾燥機から取り出して即座に0.5mm刻みの金網で長手方向及び幅方向のそれぞれ5か所の寸法を測定し、熱収縮率とした。
(6)水銀圧入法による細孔分布のモード径(最大頻度)の測定
オートポアIV9510型(マイクロメリティクス社製)を用い、測定範囲φ415〜0.0003μm、水銀接触角130度、水銀表面張力485dynes/cmの条件設定にて細孔分布曲線を測定した。得られた細孔分布曲線から最大頻度の細孔径を決定し、モード径とした。
NBKPをイオン交換水中に3重量%濃度になるように分散させ、ダブルディスクリファイナーを用いて長さ加重平均繊維長0.4〜0.8mmの範囲となるような条件までサイクリングにて叩解した。長さ加重平均繊維長が0.4mm〜0.8mmの範囲となったセルロース繊維分散液をマスコロイダー(増幸産業株式会社製)で3回処理することにより長さ加重平均繊維長が0.08〜0.1mmとなるセルロース繊維の原料を得た。この原料を脱水装置を使って処理することにより約10重量%まで濃縮した。
NBKPをイオン交換水中に3重量%濃度になるように分散させ、ダブルディスクリファイナーを用いて長さ加重平均繊維長0.4〜0.8mmの範囲となるような条件までサイクリングにて叩解した。長さ加重平均繊維長が1.2〜1.6mmの範囲となったセルロース繊維分散液をマスコロイダー(増幸産業株式会社製)で1回処理することにより長さ加重平均繊維長が0.18mm〜0.22mmとなるセルロース繊維の原料を得た。この原料を脱水装置を使って処理することにより約10重量%まで濃縮した。このセルロース繊維原料を使用した以外は実施例1と同様の手法で坪量6.1g/m2、膜厚21μm、空孔率60%のセルロース微多孔膜を得た。
比較例1で得たセルロース繊維原料を使用し、且つ、WET膜厚を0.90mmとなるよにPETフィルム上へ塗布した以外は実施例1と同様の手法で坪量10.5g/m2、膜厚37μm、空孔率65%のセルロース微多孔膜を得た。
透気抵抗度:48秒/100cc
引張破断強度:0.6kN/m
引張伸度:0.10%
長手方向熱収縮率:1.0%
幅方向熱収縮率:1.0%
モード径:0.15μm
透気抵抗度:27秒/100cc
引張破断強度:0.4kN/m
引張伸度:0.14%
長手方向熱収縮率:1.0%
幅方向熱収縮率:1.0%
モード径:0.27μm
透気抵抗度:29秒/100cc
引張破断強度:0.6kN/m
引張伸度:0.23%
長手方向熱収縮率:1.0%
幅方向熱収縮率:1.0%
モード径:0.25μm
Claims (15)
- セルロース繊維からなる微多孔膜であって、
前記セルロース繊維に1μm以上の太さの繊維がセルロース繊維の全重量を基準として5重量%以上含まれており、
引張破断強度が0.5kN/m以上であり、30N/mの張力における引張伸度が0.01%〜0.2%であり、170℃における長手方向と幅方向の熱収縮率がそれぞれ2%未満である、微多孔膜。 - 膜厚10μmあたりの透気抵抗度が20〜600秒である、請求項1記載の微多孔膜。
- 空孔率が30〜70%である、請求項1又は2に記載の微多孔膜。
- 水銀圧入法で測定した細孔分布のモード径(最大頻度)が0.3μm未満である、請求項1乃至3のいずれかに記載の微多孔膜。
- 1mol/LiPF6/プロピレンカーボネート溶液を含浸させた状態において20kHzの交流を使用して決定した体積抵抗率が1500Ω・cm以下である、請求項1乃至4のいずれかに記載の微多孔膜。
- 高分子バインダーを更に含む、請求項1乃至5のいずれかに記載の微多孔膜。
- 前記高分子バインダーが少なくともカルボキシ基及び/又は水酸基を有する、請求項6記載の微多孔膜。
- 1μm以上の太さの繊維がセルロース繊維の全重量を基準として5重量%以上含まれているセルロース繊維及び沸点が180℃以上の親水性開孔剤を少なくとも含むスラリーを基材上に塗布する工程、
前記スラリーを乾燥させて前記基材上にシートを形成する工程、及び、
前記シートを前記基材から剥離する工程
を備える、引張破断強度が0.5kN/m以上であり、30N/mの張力における引張伸度が0.01%〜0.2%であり、170℃における長手方向と幅方向の熱収縮率がそれぞれ2%未満である微多孔膜の製造方法。 - 前記親水性開孔剤の水への溶解度が10重量%以上である、請求項8記載の製造方法。
- 前記親水性開孔剤がグリコールエーテル類である、請求項8又は9記載の製造方法。
- 前記スラリーが高分子バインダーを更に含む、請求項8乃至10のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- 前記高分子バインダーが少なくともカルボキシ基及び/又は水酸基を有する、請求項11記載の製造方法。
- 請求項1乃至7のいずれかに記載の微多孔膜、又は、請求項8乃至12のいずれかに記載の製造方法により得られる微多孔膜からなる、電気化学素子用セパレータ。
- 請求項13記載の電気化学素子用セパレータを備える電気化学素子。
- 電池又はキャパシタである請求項14記載の電気化学素子。
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