JP6147849B2 - 硫化鉱浸出法 - Google Patents
硫化鉱浸出法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6147849B2 JP6147849B2 JP2015509265A JP2015509265A JP6147849B2 JP 6147849 B2 JP6147849 B2 JP 6147849B2 JP 2015509265 A JP2015509265 A JP 2015509265A JP 2015509265 A JP2015509265 A JP 2015509265A JP 6147849 B2 JP6147849 B2 JP 6147849B2
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- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 title claims description 145
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 53
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 13
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 75
- DVRDHUBQLOKMHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chalcopyrite Chemical group [S-2].[S-2].[Fe+2].[Cu+2] DVRDHUBQLOKMHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 46
- 229910052951 chalcopyrite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 46
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 41
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 37
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 37
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- NIFIFKQPDTWWGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrite Chemical compound [Fe+2].[S-][S-] NIFIFKQPDTWWGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052683 pyrite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011028 pyrite Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052569 sulfide mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 125000000101 thioether group Chemical group 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052947 chalcocite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 230000033116 oxidation-reduction process Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 claims 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 23
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 23
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 9
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 8
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 7
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 150000004763 sulfides Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe3+ Chemical compound [Fe+3] VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 241000203069 Archaea Species 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 5
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052934 alunite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010424 alunite Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 4
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- KPZTWMNLAFDTGF-UHFFFAOYSA-D trialuminum;potassium;hexahydroxide;disulfate Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O KPZTWMNLAFDTGF-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 description 4
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005363 electrowinning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 3
- RUTXIHLAWFEWGM-UHFFFAOYSA-H iron(3+) sulfate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[Fe+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O RUTXIHLAWFEWGM-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 3
- 229910000360 iron(III) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 241000216226 Sulfolobus metallicus Species 0.000 description 2
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- OMZSGWSJDCOLKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Cu+2] OMZSGWSJDCOLKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009854 hydrometallurgy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003134 recirculating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium(0) Chemical compound [U] JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000000177 Indigofera tinctoria Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021607 Silver chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 239000011942 biocatalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002210 biocatalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002301 combined effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002079 cooperative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002848 electrochemical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005518 electrochemistry Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001448 ferrous ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011790 ferrous sulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000003891 ferrous sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940097275 indigo Drugs 0.000 description 1
- COHYTHOBJLSHDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N indigo powder Natural products N1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C1=C1C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2N1 COHYTHOBJLSHDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052976 metal sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002906 microbiologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009629 microbiological culture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003495 polar organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052952 pyrrhotite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Ag+] HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009469 supplementation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B15/00—Obtaining copper
- C22B15/0063—Hydrometallurgy
- C22B15/0065—Leaching or slurrying
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/04—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes by leaching
- C22B3/06—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes by leaching in inorganic acid solutions, e.g. with acids generated in situ; in inorganic salt solutions other than ammonium salt solutions
- C22B3/08—Sulfuric acid, other sulfurated acids or salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/04—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes by leaching
- C22B3/06—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes by leaching in inorganic acid solutions, e.g. with acids generated in situ; in inorganic salt solutions other than ammonium salt solutions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B15/00—Obtaining copper
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B15/00—Obtaining copper
- C22B15/0063—Hydrometallurgy
- C22B15/0065—Leaching or slurrying
- C22B15/0067—Leaching or slurrying with acids or salts thereof
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Description
− 高い酸化還元電位(ORP)(>500mV対Ag/AgCl 3M KCl)および高い温度(つまり60℃超)、または
− 周囲温度(20〜35℃)でORP浸出範囲(window)(通常380〜450mV)内に制御された低ORP。
− 高温条件は硫黄鉱物源または外部加熱を要する。高温および高ORPの組み合わせは、効果的な黄銅鉱堆積浸出をもたらすことが知られている。これらの高ORP条件(>500mV)は、鉄酸化が堆積物中に存在する細菌によって生じ、専用の制御メカニズムを要さない通気された堆積物で容易に達成される。効率的な黄銅鉱浸出に求められる高温は、充分な硫化物の存在(通常、鉱石質量に対して3%超の硫黄含有量)および充分に急速な硫化物酸化(硫黄酸化のための充分な微生物細胞濃度を達成するために炭素源として通気系に二酸化炭素の補充を要することがある)を必要とする。適切に制御された場合、硫黄または硫化鉱物の酸化は、浸出温度を上げることができる熱の放出をもたらす。しかし、より低品位鉱石では、硫化物含有量が黄銅鉱堆積浸出に求められる熱を生成するのに不充分であることが多い。
− 外部加熱は典型的に費用がかかる。堆積浸出から黄銅鉱を回収する選択肢の1つは、鉱石中の硫化物の酸化による加熱に依存する代わりに、人工の熱源を用いて外的に浸出溶液を加熱することである。しかし、堆積物からの熱損失の広がりは、長い浸出時間と相まって、一般に外部加熱を不経済にする。これは特に低温気候の地の場合に当てはまる。
− 周囲温度での高ORP浸出は、不動態化を引き起こす。高ORPレベル(すなわち可溶な鉄すべての完全酸化)は、堆積物において周囲温度(20〜35℃)で容易に達成可能であるが、そのような温度での高ORPは、黄銅鉱鉱物の表面の不動態化作用を引き起こし、銅の効果的な浸出を妨げる。
− 堆積浸出では、ORPを低電位範囲内に保つことは難しい。堆積物の浸透溶液のORPを、周囲温度(20〜45℃)内で黄銅鉱を浸出するのに要する狭い低還元電位範囲(380〜450mV、つまり全ての鉄よりむしろ一部の鉄が酸化される)に保つことは次の複数の理由から難しい。
− 第1の点は、酸素物質移動の不的確な制御であり、堆積物の下部通気に由来し、それが招く勾配効果を引き起こす。
− 第2の点は、第二鉄(または他のいずれの酸化剤)が、栓流モードで堆積物に浸透し(堆積物中の透水係数は、幾つかの鉱石粒子の表面を浸透する溶液の薄膜に生じる)、硫化物の酸化によって急速に消費され、堆積物中のORP勾配を引き起こす(すなわち、上部での高ORPおよび底部での低電位)ことに関する。
− 第3の点は、堆積物内部の第二鉄の細菌による酸化を誘発する手段としての通気は、ORPを狭い範囲内に保つのに必要な制御のレベルを提供しないことに関する。
− 塩化物の溶解度が高いために加工下流における塩化物溶液の除去は問題があり、且つ − 溶液中の塩化物がプラント装置のより激しい腐食を引き起こす。
入力浸出溶液が鉱石浸出に適切な至適ORP範囲の上限に近いORP(第二鉄の第一鉄に対する比によって決められる)を含有する溶液と投入され、ここで第二鉄は、黄銅鉱との浸出反応(式1、表1)の間、酸化剤として作用し、プロセス中に第一鉄に還元され(下式による)、出力浸出溶液が当該鉱石を浸出するのに適したORP範囲の下限より高いORPで離れるバット型反応装置において破砕鉱石を浸出することを含み、
ここで、浸出反応装置から離れる一部の出力浸出溶液は、浸出反応装置外部の媒体での鉄酸化段階(式2、表1)(du Plessis et al. 2011)を経て、鉄酸化は出力浸出溶液の再循環部分と混合される可溶性硫酸第二鉄を作り、鉱石を浸出するのに適したORP範囲の上限に近い値までそのORPを増加させる。
Dempsey P. and D. B. Dreisinger. Process for the extraction of copper. World Patent WO 0100890 (Al). 1999
Dixon D. G and A. F. Tshilombo. Leaching process for copper concentrates. United
States Patent US20052699208 (Al). 2005
Gomez C, M. Figueroa, J. Munoz, M. L. Blazquez and A. Ballester. Electrochemistry of chalcopyrite. Hydrometallurgy, vol 43, 331-344. 1996
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Claims (9)
- 硫化鉱物を浸出する方法であって、
入力浸出溶液が、鉱石浸出に適したORP(酸化還元電位)範囲の上限に近いORP値で投入され、流出する浸出溶液が、前記ORP範囲の下限より高いOPRであり、かつ、前記入力浸出溶液のORP未満のORP値(ただし、前記ORP範囲は、25〜45℃の温度で380〜450mVまたは60℃を超える温度で500〜700mVである)で離れるバット型反応装置において、破砕鉱石を浸出することを含むことを特徴とし、
前記バット型反応装置から離れる一部の前記流出する浸出溶液が、前記バット型反応装置外での鉄酸化段階を経て、前記鉄酸化が前記出力浸出溶液の再循環部分と混合される可溶性硫酸第二鉄を作り、鉱石浸出に適した前記ORPの範囲の上限に近い値までそのORPを増加させる、方法。 - 前記破砕鉱石が、2mm〜120mmの範囲の粒径を有することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記バット型反応装置内の鉱石が、前記鉱石破砕粒子間の空隙が前記浸出溶液によって満たされて充填されるように、前記浸出溶液に実質的に浸された状態に保たれることを特徴とする、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 鉄酸化反応が、硫黄または黄鉄鉱で補充されてさらなる酸を与えて熱を生成し、前記添加硫黄または黄鉄鉱が制御されて、至適な所望の鉄と熱のバランスを達成することを特徴とする、請求項1〜3に記載の方法。
- 前記鉄酸化が、鉄明ばん石の沈殿、および浸出溶液不純物の共沈を可能にすることを特徴とする、請求項1〜4に記載の方法。
- 対象の鉱石が回収に充分な濃度を有する場合、濃厚化された浸出溶液が、前記方法から除去され、前記対象の鉱石の回収のための処理に供されることを特徴とする、請求項1〜5に記載の方法。
- 前記鉱石に存在する前記硫化鉱物が1次硫化物または2次硫化物であることを特徴とする、請求項1〜6に記載の方法。
- 前記1次硫化物が黄銅鉱であることを特徴とする、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記2次硫化物が輝銅鉱であることを特徴とする、請求項7に記載の方法。
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