JP6140280B2 - 離散カーボンナノチューブmolecularrebarを使用して作製されたポリウレタンポリマーおよび組成物 - Google Patents
離散カーボンナノチューブmolecularrebarを使用して作製されたポリウレタンポリマーおよび組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6140280B2 JP6140280B2 JP2015521678A JP2015521678A JP6140280B2 JP 6140280 B2 JP6140280 B2 JP 6140280B2 JP 2015521678 A JP2015521678 A JP 2015521678A JP 2015521678 A JP2015521678 A JP 2015521678A JP 6140280 B2 JP6140280 B2 JP 6140280B2
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- 229910021430 silicon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Description
a)10から500のアスペクト比を有する離散カーボンナノチューブ繊維を選択する工程、
b)約1から約15重量%の酸化レベルを有する離散カーボンナノチューブ繊維を選択する工程、
c)離散カーボンナノチューブを選択する工程であって、チューブの少なくとも一部が開端している工程、
d)離散カーボンナノチューブ繊維をウレタンポリマーまたはプレポリマーとブレンドして、ウレタン/離散カーボンナノチューブ炭素繊維混合物を形成する工程、
e)任意選択により、ウレタン/繊維混合物をポリオールおよび/またはシアネートと重合して、ポリウレタン/molecular rebar配合物を形成する工程、
f)任意選択により、ウレタン/離散炭素繊維ナノチューブ混合物を追加的な無機構造体と組み合わせる工程、ならびに
g)任意選択により、ウレタン/離散炭素繊維ナノチューブ混合物を、繊維を分散させるのに十分な程度まで撹拌するまたは超音波処理する、好ましくは超音波処理する工程
を含む方法である。
離散カーボンナノチューブを生成するための実例となる方法は以下の通りである。3リットルの硫酸(97パーセントの硫酸および3パーセントの水を含有する)、および1リットルの濃硝酸(70パーセントの硝酸および30パーセントの水を含有する)を、超音波処理器および撹拌機が取り付けられた10リットルの温度制御式反応器に添加する。酸混合物を撹拌し、温度を30℃に維持しながら、40グラムの非離散カーボンナノチューブ(グレードFlowtube 9000、CNano corporation製)を反応器内に入れ、超音波処理器の出力を130〜150ワットに設定し、反応を3時間継続させる。3時間後に、粘性の溶液を5ミクロンのフィルタメッシュを備えたフィルタに移し、酸混合物の大半を、100psiの圧力を使用する濾過によって除去する。濾過ケークを約4リットルの脱イオン水で1回洗浄し、続いて約4リットルのpHが9より大きい水酸化アンモニウム溶液で1回洗浄し、次いで4リットルの脱イオン水でさらに2回洗浄する。最終洗浄で得られるpHは4.5である。
molecular rebarとして知られる離散カーボンナノチューブを形成し、それらを材料に添加することによって、様々なポリマーおよびポリマー構成成分に関して結晶化の強化が観察されている。こうした結晶化の強化は、本質的に非晶質の材料であるものを含めて、硬さが増した材料およびより多くの結晶構造を形成するために極めて有益である。これらの本質的に非晶質の材料には、合成および天然ゴムが含まれる。本質的に非晶質の材料(示差走査熱量測定またはX線回折によって決定した場合に約2重量%未満の結晶化度)、またはゴムなどの本質的にアモルファスの材料の結晶化を強化することは、それらの熱機械的性質を増大させるまたは得られる組成物を強化するために有用である。これらの組成物は、補強のためにカーボンブラックまたはシリカなどの他の添加物を含むことができる。少量であったとしても、結晶を形成することによって、得られた組成物の有用な温度範囲が増大する。したがって、たとえば、離散カーボンナノチューブまたはmolecular rebarで強化された天然ゴムは、非離散カーボンナノチューブ(「鳥の巣」または凝塊)で改質された同一の天然ゴムのものよりも高い有用な温度範囲を有する。離散カーボンナノチューブまたはmolecular rebarを組み込むことによる、他のポリマーおよび材料に関する同様の挙動が有用である。
2 結晶質ラメラアーム
Claims (23)
- 少なくとも1種のウレタン系ポリマーまたはプレポリマーおよびカーボンナノチューブの少なくとも一部を含み、ポリウレタン/カーボンナノチューブ配合物を形成するまたは重合してポリウレタン/カーボンナノチューブ配合物を形成するための組成物であって、
前記カーボンナノチューブが、1〜15重量パーセントの酸化量を含み、前記カーボンナノチューブの少なくとも一部が開端し、
前記カーボンナノチューブが、10から500までのアスペクト比を有し、前記カーボンナノチューブの40個数%から90個数%が30〜70のアスペクト比を有し、前記カーボンナノチューブの1個数%から30個数%が80〜140のアスペクト比を有する、前記組成物。 - 前記ウレタンポリマーまたはプレポリマーが、少なくとも1種のポリオールおよび/または少なくとも1種のイソシアネートを含み、前記カーボンナノチューブが、前記ポリオール、前記ウレタンポリマーまたはプレポリマーの少なくとも1つと接触している、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記カーボンナノチューブが前記ポリオールと接触している、請求項2に記載の組成物。
- 前記カーボンナノチューブが、重合の前、途中および/または後で前記ポリオールと接触する、請求項2に記載の組成物。
- 前記カーボンナノチューブが、重合の前、途中および/または後で前記イソシアネートと接触する、請求項2に記載の組成物。
- 前記イソシアネートが、芳香族基または脂肪族基を含む、請求項2に記載の組成物。
- 前記カーボンナノチューブがさらに官能化されている、請求項1から6のいずれかに記載の組成物。
- 前記カーボンナノチューブが、前記カーボンナノチューブの4重量%未満の残留金属レベルを有する、請求項1から7のいずれかに記載の組成物。
- 前記カーボンナノチューブが、0.1重量パーセントから90重量パーセントを構成する、請求項1から8のいずれかに記載の組成物。
- 易流動性粒子の形態である、請求項1から9のいずれかに記載の組成物。
- ウレタンポリマーまたはプレポリマー以外に少なくとも1種のポリマーをさらに含む、請求項1から10のいずれかに記載の組成物。
- 前記ポリマーが、ビニルポリマー、フッ素化ポリマー導電性ポリマー、天然源由来ポリマー、およびセルロース系材料、グラフト、ブロックまたはランダムコポリマーのいずれかとしての、ポリエーテル、ポリエステル、ポリウレタン、およびポリアミド、ならびにそれらの混合物からなる群から選択される、請求項11に記載の組成物。
- 追加的な無機構造体を含む、請求項1から12のいずれかに記載の組成物。
- 前記追加的な無機構造体が、元素周期律表の2族から14族までから選択される元素を含む、請求項13に記載の組成物。
- 前記元素が、銀、金、ケイ素、バナジウム、チタン、クロム、鉄、マンガン、スズ、ニッケル、パラジウム、白金、コバルト、アルミニウム、ガリウム、ゲルマニウム、インジウム、アンチモン、銅および亜鉛、カドミウム、水銀、または、その酸化物および他の誘導体を含めたそれらの混合物からなる群から選択される、請求項14に記載の組成物。
- 前記追加的な無機構造体が非繊維の炭素構造体を含む、請求項13に記載の組成物。
- 前記非繊維炭素の構造体が、カーボンブラック、グラファイト、グラフェン、酸化グラフェン、フラーレンおよびそれらの混合物からなる群から選択される構成成分を含む、請求項16に記載の組成物。
- 請求項1から16のいずれかに記載の組成物を含む発泡体。
- 請求項1から17のいずれかに記載の組成物を含む接着剤。
- 請求項1から17のいずれかに記載の組成物を含むセメント。
- 請求項20に記載のセメントを含むモルタル。
- ポリウレタン/カーボンナノチューブ配合物を構成する組成物を形成する方法であって、以下のa)からd)の全ての工程:
a)10から500のアスペクト比を有するカーボンナノチューブを選択する工程、
b)1から15重量%の酸化レベルを有するカーボンナノチューブを選択する工程、
c)カーボンナノチューブの少なくとも一部が開端しているカーボンナノチューブを選択する工程、および
d)前記カーボンナノチューブをウレタンポリマーまたはプレポリマーとブレンドして、ウレタン/カーボンナノチューブ混合物を形成する工程
を含む方法。 - 前記カーボンナノチューブを拡散させるのに十分な程度まで前記ウレタン/カーボンナノナノチューブ混合物を撹拌する工程をさらに含む、請求項22に記載の方法。
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US61/737,025 | 2012-12-13 | ||
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