JP6139541B2 - エーロゾル流の解析と制御 - Google Patents
エーロゾル流の解析と制御 Download PDFInfo
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Description
エーロゾル流を生成する流量装置;
光源装置及び前記エーロゾル流と相互作用した光を検出する光検出器;
前記光源装置の制御と光信号を解釈する制御装置
を有する。
前記光源装置に第1波長の第1信号を供させ、かつ、第1検出光信号を記録するように制御し、
前記光源装置に第2波長の第2信号を供させ、かつ、第2検出光信号を記録するように制御し、かつ、
前記エーロゾルの粒径を示す値を得るように、前記第1検出光信号と前記第2検出光信号を処理する、
ように構成されて良い。
エーロゾル流を生成する段階;
光源装置を制御して第1波長の第1信号を供し、かつ、第1検出光信号を記録する段階;
光源装置を制御して第2波長の第2信号を供し、かつ、第2検出光信号を記録する段階;
前記第1検出光信号と前記第2検出光信号を処理することで前記エーロゾルの粒径を示す値を得る段階;
を有する。
− 暗測定を実行する段階;
− 参照用透過測定を実行して、参照用透過測定から前記暗測定を減じて第1透過値Trを得る段階;
− 参照用反射測定を実行して、参照用反射測定から前記暗測定を減じて第1反射値Rrを得る段階;
− エーロゾル発生装置のスイッチをオンにする段階;
− 暗測定を実行する段階;
− 透過測定を実行して、透過測定から前記暗測定を減じて第2透過値Tを得る段階;
− 反射測定を実行して、反射測定から前記暗測定を減じて第2反射値Rを得る段階;
を有する。
− 所謂消滅長lext。lextは、直接透過する(散乱されない)光における強度I=I0exp(-z/lext)の損失に特有である。I=I0exp(-z/lext)における損失は吸収と散乱の両方に起因する。ここでI0は入射強度である。実質的に白色の(非吸収性)媒体では、lextはlsca−つまり散乱平均自由行程−に置き換えられる。
− 所謂輸送平均自由行程ltra(ときに還元された散乱長(reduced scattering length)とも呼ばれる)。ltraは、散乱媒体中の大半の領域での実効拡散長である。ltraは、光が元の伝播方向との相関を失う固有長さである。
− 媒体のサイズ又は厚さd。
ltra=lsca/(1-<cosθ>)
ここでθは散乱角である。粒子が全方向において等しい量の光を散乱する場合、散乱角の平均余弦はゼロとなるので、ltra=lscaとなる。
幾何学断面積:σgeo=πr2
散乱断面積:σsca
吸収断面積:σabs
合計断面積又は消滅断面積:σext=σsca+σabs
消滅長:lext=(n0σext)-1
粒子の「白さ」又はアルベド:a=σsca/σext
散乱性能係数:Qsca=σsca/σgeo
散乱平均自由行程:lsca=(n0σsca)-1
散乱係数:μs=1/lsca
非弾性長:lin=alsca/(1-a)=lext/(1-lext/lsca)=(1/lext-1/lsca)-1
放射圧力の断面積:σpr
運動量移行の性能指数:Qpr=σpr/σgeo
輸送平均自由行程:ltra=(n0σpr)-1
補正散乱係数:μs’=1/ltra
減衰長:latt=ltra/√(3(1-a)ltra/(alsca))=√(ltralin/3)
吸収係数:μa=μs(1-a)/a
減衰係数:κ=√(3μaμs’)=√(3(1-a)/(alscaltra))=√(3μs’(1/lext-1/lsca))
図6は、空気(屈折率1)中での水滴(屈折率1.33)の消滅効率Qext及び放射圧の効率Qprをサイズの関数として示している。これは、Mieの散乱理論−これは球体からの電磁波の散乱についての厳密な説明を与える−によって計算することができる。
I=I0exp(-z/lext)≒I0(1-z/lext)
距離zは既知である。すべてのエーロゾルはビームを通過しなければならない。よって、局所的な不透明度が多重散乱を防止するのに十分な程度に低い限り、小さな濃度差は問題にならない。光吸収は重要ではない。そのため消滅断面積と散乱断面積は等しい(Qsca=Qext)。
I≒I0(1-3fQscaz/(2d))
ここでI0はビーム路中にエーロゾルが存在しない状態での検出強度である。散乱断面積は、粒径の範囲では顕著に変化せず、所与のサイズ分布ではQsca=2.4に近づく。
ネブライザーの典型的な値は以下の通りである。
− 所望の粒径:d=4μm
− 選ばれた波長:λ=880nm(対応するサイズパラメータx=14.3)
− 光源−検出器の距離:z=14mm
体積分率fは、流体の流量をエーロゾルの流量で除した値Df/Daに等しい。つまりf=Df/Daである。典型的なエーロゾル流量はDa=30[l/min]である。典型的な流体の流量はDf=1[ml/min]である。
図面および前述の記載により、本発明を詳細に例示し説明した。そのような例示および記載は、一例または例示的なものであって、限定的なものではなく、本発明は、示された実施例に限定されるものではない。
図面、開示、および添付の特許請求の範囲の精査から、当業者は、請求項に記載された発明を実施する際に、示された実施例に対する他の変更例を理解することができ、実施することができる。請求項において、「有する」と言う用語は、他の要素またはステップを排除するものではなく、「一つの」と言う用語は、複数の存在を排除するものではない。単一のプロセッサまたは他のユニットで、請求項に記載の複数の部材の機能が満たされても良い。単に、ある手段が相互に異なる従属請求項に記載されていることから、これらの手段の組み合わせを有意に使用することはできないと解してはならない。請求項におけるいかなる参照符号も、その範囲を限定するものと解してはならない。
Claims (15)
- エーロゾル生成システムであって、
エーロゾル流を生成する流れ装置と、
光源装置及び前記エーロゾル流と相互作用した光を検出する光検出器と、
前記光源装置を制御し、検出光信号を解析する制御装置と、
を有し、
前記制御装置は、
(1)前記光源装置を制御し、第1の波長における第1信号が提供され、第1の検出光信号が記録され、
(2)前記光源装置を制御し、第2の波長における第2信号が提供され、第2の検出光信号が記録され、
(3)前記第1及び第2の検出光信号を処理し、前記エーロゾルの粒径を示す値が得られる
ように適合され、
前記(3)の処理は、
前記第1及び第2の検出光信号を処理して、前記第1及び第2の波長の各々での吸光度の測定値を決定し、
前記第1及び第2の波長の各々での吸光度の測定値と、エーロゾル流による光散乱の量の変調を粒径変化に関連づける関数とを比較し、
前記比較の結果から前記エーロゾルの粒径を示す値を得る、
ことにより実施される、エーロゾル生成システム。 - 前記光検出器は、前記エーロゾル流を透過した光を検出することを目的とする、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記エーロゾル流に加えられる色素をさらに有する、請求項2に記載のシステム。
- 前記光検出器は、前記エーロゾル流によって反射又は散乱された光を検出することを目的とする、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記エーロゾル流に加えられる蛍光添加物をさらに有する、請求項4に記載のシステム。
- 前記制御装置はさらに、前記検出光信号から前記エーロゾルの密度を得るように適合される、請求項1乃至5のうちいずれか一項に記載のシステム。
- 前記光源装置は、前記エーロゾル流に沿った異なる位置の複数の光源を有し、
各光源用に検出器が提供され、
前記制御装置は、前記エーロゾル流に沿った前記異なる位置での前記検出光信号から、前記エーロゾルの速度を導出するように適合される、請求項6に記載のシステム。 - 前記制御装置は、前記異なる位置で受信された信号に、可変の時間遅延との相互相関を適用することにより、前記エーロゾル流に沿った異なる位置の間での前記エーロゾル流の時間遅延を決定するように適合される、請求項7に記載のシステム。
- 前記光検出器は、偏光と非偏光の寄与を分離し、散乱の量を決定するように適合される、請求項1乃至8のうちいずれか一項に記載のシステム。
- さらに、前記流れ装置を制御する流れ装置用制御器を有し、
当該システムは、前記流れ装置用制御器が前記エーロゾル流の監視されたパラメータを考慮するような、フィードバックループを有し、
前記監視されたパラメータは、前記エーロゾルの粒径、密度、および流速の少なくとも一つを有する、請求項1乃至9のうちいずれか一項に記載のシステム。 - エーロゾルを生成する方法であって、
エーロゾル流を生成する段階と、
光源装置を制御して、第1の波長における第1の信号を提供し、第1の検出光信号を記録する段階と、
前記光源装置を制御して、第2の波長における第2の信号を提供し、第2の検出光信号を記録する段階と、
前記第1及び第2の検出光信号を処理し、前記エーロゾルの粒径を示す値を得る段階と、
を有し、
前記エーロゾルの粒径を示す値を得る段階は、
前記第1及び第2の検出光信号を処理し、前記第1及び第2の波長の各々での吸光度の測定値を決定し、
前記第1及び第2の波長の各々での吸光度の測定値と、エーロゾル流による光散乱の量の変調を粒径変化に関連づける関数とを比較し、
前記比較の結果から前記エーロゾルの粒径を示す値を得る、
ことにより実施される、方法。 - 前記エーロゾル流を透過した光を検出する段階、又は
前記エーロゾル流により、反射若しくは散乱された光を検出する段階
を有する、請求項11に記載の方法。 - 前記検出光信号から、前記エーロゾルの密度を得る段階を有する、請求項11又は12に記載の方法。
- 前記エーロゾル流に沿った異なる位置で受信された信号に、可変の時間遅延との相互相関を適用することにより、前記エーロゾル流に沿った前記異なる位置での前記検出光信号から、前記エーロゾルの速度を導出する段階を有し、これにより、前記異なる位置間での前記エーロゾル流の時間遅延が定められる、請求項13に記載の方法。
- さらに、前記エーロゾル流の監視されたパラメータを考慮するフィードバックループを利用して、前記エーロゾル流を制御する段階を有し、
前記監視されたパラメータは、前記エーロゾルの粒径、密度、および流速の少なくとも一つを有する、請求項11乃至14のうちいずれか一項に記載の方法。
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| US9599550B2 (en) | 2017-03-21 |
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| CN103889488A (zh) | 2014-06-25 |
| CN103889488B (zh) | 2017-03-01 |
| US20150020804A1 (en) | 2015-01-22 |
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